Dé ant Nusée mim ed com TRUONG DAI HQC CONG NGHE SAI GON KHOA CONG NGHE THUC PHAM saQe DBO AN 14 nue aha ttom Gido vién hung dan: Ths. Truong Thi My Linh Sinh vién thuec hién: V6 Thj Trae Linh «Lop : P2074 * MSSV: 62072578 ‘Dinh Hoai Phuong «Lép : TP207.5 * MSSV: — 62075112 Tp Hé Chi Minh, ngay 15 thang 10 nam 2009 Trang 1Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Loi mé dau ‘i Ii thé dia ly Vigt Nam 66 ba bién trai dai tir Bic xuéng Nam, hai san la ngudn nguyén ligu ddi dao, phong phi. Tan dung wu thé 46, nginh cong nghé thye phim nude ta dang dau tw mé rng san xudt voi day n cng nghé hign dai, Trong dé e6 nginh eéng nghigp san xuit nude mim, ‘Trong méi bia com ciia gia dinh Vigt, mat chén mide mim 1a khéng thé thiéu, Huong vi ndng nan die trung dy lim ting thém su ngon migng cho bita in Tir xa xtra Ong ba ta thudmg U ed va mudi trong lu, sau vai thing I& cho ra mot thir nude mau d6 dim, mii néng cua c4 bién, vi man that dim da. D6 1a nhiing diac diém rit dac trang eta nude mim. Nude mim la dung dich dam ma chu yéu la eée acid amin, duge tgo thanh do qué trinh thay phin protein ca nha hé enzym protease 66 trong cd, Nude mim 6 gid tr] dinh dudng cao (trong nude mam c6 chira khoang 13 logi acid amin, vitamin B, khdang 1-5 microgram vitamin B,,), hip dn nguoi An bi huong vi dm da ma Kkhéng mét loai san phém nao cé thé thay thé, Ngoai ra nuée mim con ding dé chita mét s6 bénh nhw dau da day, phong, co thé suy nhurge, cung cap nang lugng. Ngudi kim nuée mim da quen thuge véi ngudi dan mién bién nhung dé co duge mt loai nude mim ngon, an mot lin dé nhé Adi thi it c6 ngudi lam duge. Nghé nude maim cia nude ta hién nay van cn theo phuong phap cd truyén, & mdi dia phuomg c6 sw khée nhau mét chiit it, nhumg quy trinh sin xudt van edn thd sor va thoi gian kéo dai, higu qua kinh & cdn thép, Ba c6 nhigu cong trinh nghién ctu ting bude co gidi héa nghé nuéc mm nhung van cn nhiéu han ché do sy an mon cita mudi d6i voi kim loai, Khi nic dén nude mim thi moi ngudi sé nght ngay dén nhing ving sin xudt nude mim I6n va néi tiéng hign nay nw: Phi Quéc, Thudn Hai, Phan Thiét, Khanh Hoa, Hai Phong, Quing Ngai...0 nhimg ving khac nhau ta sé e6 nhimg dic trung riéng vé hong vi, 46 chinh 1a nhimg bi quyét rigng cit timg ca sé san xuat Dé thi dd dn 1 18 “Nude mim e4 com” 18 sy Iya chon eda nhom ching em, vi mudn hiéu 13 hon vé cOng nghé 1én men nude mim — mot loai nude chim khong. thé thiéu cia ngudi Viét Nam. Trang 2Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 1. Gi6i thigu va im: 1.1) Giéi thigu: Nuée mim 1a mét san phdm do thit ¢@ ngdm dam trong nude mudi man, phan gidi din tir chat protein phite tap dén protein don gidn va dimg lai & giai dgan {go thanh amino acid nhiy tic dung cia enzym €6 sin trong thit ed va rudt c4 lam cho mage mim ¢6 mai vi d¥e mame, Bay la san phdm ciia nhigu qué trinh.phite tap gbm dam héa, qué trinh phin giai dong trong cé thanh acid, qua trinh phan huy mot phan amino acid dudi tée dung ciia vi khuan 6 hai, tigp tue bi phan hay thanh nhing hop chat don gian nhur amin, amoniac, cacbonic hydrosunfua Nude mam duge san xuat tir cé va mudi khong chi duge sir dung rong rai 6 Vigt Nam ma cn dugc ua chudng tai nhiéu nude khac trén thé gidi. Dac bigt, nude mim duge sin xudt 6 hiu hét eée nude Chiu A, Mi nude cé kiéu sin xudt khac nnhau tao ra san phdm cé gia tri dinh durong va gid trj cam quan khdc nhau. Nuc mim Diéu kign va thei gian én men Pree ry 1@ 5 : 1 = Ca: Mudi + goo Lén men va koji [Uwo ~ shoyu \ : 1)Tho: gian Tén men : 6 thang ‘Han Quéc eB e i ae Jeot - kal ITY 16 4: 1 = Ca: Mudi (6 thang) vigt Nam : ae ; INurée mim ITy lg 3: 1-3 :2= Ca: Mudi (4-12 thang) ee 'Ty 16 5:1 = C4: Mudi (5 - 12 thang) Nam - pla Malaysia Ty If 5: 1-3 :1 = Ci: Mudi + during + me. Budu \(3 - 12 thang) Philippine ana reer eas 1-4: 1=-Cé : Mui (3-12 thang) Natt 5: 1= Ca: Mui (3 - 6 tuan) Bang: Tén céc logi nude mam va ty Ig phdi tron tgo sin phim: Trang 3Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 1.2) Phan loai: @ Dic bist: d6 dam > 300N Nude mim dac bigt hay con goi li nue mim nhi vi duge kéo chay nhé gigt dén that nhd, nhi timg git. c6 mau cénh gin, ¢6 mai thom ndng, vi ngot dyi dam, 9 dam cao 30 gilit, cing dé lau eng ngon. @ Thugng hang: 49 dam > 250N ‘Nude mém thugng han hay cin goi la nude mim edt co mau ving rom dén cainh gin, huong thom, vj ngot diu dm, d9 dam cao 25 g/t, cing dé lau cing thom ngon va cé mau u den Iai, lam gia vj cho thite an. @ Hang 1:9 dam >150N Do nude chan kéo qua chugp 43 nit 90% cét, ham long dam 15 gilit, ding lim nude chim, @ Hang 2: 46 dam > 100N Do nue chan kéo qua ba chugp da nit hét 90% logi 1, him lugng dam 10 git, diing dé nu ném thite an, @ Hang 3: 49 dam <100N Do nurée mim chan kéo qua ba chugp 48 rit 90% logi 2, him Iugng dem thép, ding lam nude mam chan chugp cho mita nuée mim sau. Trang 4Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 1.3) Chi tigu chit wong nuée mim: 1.3.1) Chi tigu cam quan: Tén chi tiéu Thuong Die bigt hang Yeu cau Hang 1 Hang2 | Hang3 ‘Nau ving, nu vang dn nau dd, ndu a6 Trong, sing, sinh, khong van duc Trong, khong vin dye Mai thom diu, de ti trung cua nude mam, khéng co mii la Naot dim cia dam, ¢6 hau vid Ngoteia | Ngoteia | Ngoteia dam,e6 | dam,e6 | dam, ithéu hau vid | hau vi vi 5. Tap hd hin thay bang mit thuamg Khong duge 06 Trang 5Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 1.3.2) Chi tigu vi sinh: Mite d6 18 da Thit wr ‘Ten chi tiéu cho phép 1 _ | Tong s6 oi sink wath Kh tinh theo 56 Khun Tae tong, i Imi 2 | Coliforms, tinh theo s6 khuain Tae trong Imi 10 3 | Clostridium perfringens, tinh theo sé Khuain lge trong tml 0 4_| Escherichia coli, tinh theo 3 khuan lac trong Tm 0 5 | Staphyloccocus aureus, tinh theo s6 khuan lac trong Imi 0 4g _| Tone sSndm men va nim mie, in theo 96 Kuti ee ; trong Im! Trang 6Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 1.3.3) Chi tigu héa hoe va héa ly: Tén chi tiéu 1, Him lugng nite toan phan, inh bang g/l, khong nho hon 2, Ham long nite axit amin, tinh bing % so V6i nitg toan phan, khéng nho hon Mite chit lugng. Dic | Thuong Hong! | Hang2 | Hang 3 40 35 30 25 20 3. Him lugng nite s0 véi nite toan phi khéng lon hon 4, Ham lugng axit, tinh bing g/l theo axit axetic, khong nho hon 5. Him lugng mudi ‘Natri clorua, tinh bing g/l trong khosing 6. Him lugng Histamin, inh bing mei, khOng lén hon 250-295 200 Trang 7Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 1.4) Gia tri dinh dudng cia nuée mim: ® Caccl Chiém chit yéu va quyét dinh gid tri dinh duomg cua nude mam. 3 loai dam: © Dam téng sé: la ting long nite cé trong nude mim (g/l), quyét dinh phan hang eda nuée mim. © Dam amin: 1a tng Iwong dam nim dudi dang acid amin (g/l), quyét inh gid trj dinh duvmg cua nude mim. © Dam amon: cang nnhiéu nude mam cang kém chit long, Ngoai ra trong nuée mam edn chita da ii cée acid amin, dae bigt Id ede acid amin khéng thay thé: valin, leucin, methionin, isoleucin, pheylalanin, alanin... cae phan trang gian nay fim cho music mim dé bi hu hang do hoat déng cia vi sinh vit thanh phan dinh dudng ciia née mam phy thuge vio nguyén ligu mang di ché ® Cac chat bay hoi: Rat phite tap va quyét dinh huong vj cua nude mim, Ham ugg cdc chit bay hoitrong nude mim mg/100g nuée mim © Cfc chat cacbonyl bay hoi: 407-512 (formaldehyde) © Clic acid bay hoi: 404-533 (propionic) © Céic acid amin bay hoi: 9,5-11,3 (izopropylamin) © Cée chat trung tinh bay hoi: 5,1-13,2 (acetaldehyde) ‘Mii trong nuée mim duge hinh thanh chi: yéu do hoat dng ca vi sinh vat yém khi trong qué trinh sin xudt nude mim tgo ra. Cac chit khéc: © Céc chit v6 co: Nacl chiém 250-280 gil va mét s6 cée chét khong hu: S, Ca, Mg, P, I, Br © Vitamin: B), Bis, Bo, PP. Trang 8Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 2.1) Neuvén ligu chink 2.1.1) Cé com: C6 nhigu loai cd com nhu cd com soc tiéu, com than, com d6, sge phan, phan chi, com Kép...nhung ngon nhat la c& com than va soe tigu, Cé com, xudt hign tt thang tw cho dén thang tém dm lich, 1a loai ca nho, con to chi bing ngén tay ut hay bang chiée dita, nhung phan ra thanh mam nhanb, nén thoi gian thanh nue mam cing ngin. Tuy nhién, nhigu nha lim nude mim léu nim cho biét chét long cin phy thude vio thoi gian dnh bit c4, nhdt 1 cé thang tim, con nao eding déu béo map thi nude mim méi ngon va dat dd dam cao nhit. Vi séng 6 ting nude ndi nen in duge nhiéu thite an ngon, nén cé ¢6 thinh phan dinh dudng cao vé phuong dign dinh dudng, cé com 1A ngudn cung cap tit vé chat dam, chat béo logi omega-3, niacin va cae khong chat (calci, sit, selenium, va cdc vi chat dinh dwong khac) rat cao, 2.1.1.1) Ving nguyén tigu: Phi Qué Phit Quée, hn dao cia nhimg digu ky digu, duge thign nhién ban tng mot vi tri dae bigt, khi hau nhigt déi gié mia, lai nim trong vinh Thai Lan, nén it chiw anh hudng cia thién tai, chinh vi digu kién khi héu nay di dem dén cho Phi Quéc mét nauén tai nguyén v6 wid la rimg nhigt dé, v6i nhigu loai dong thye vat quy higm. Phi Quéc khong nhimg la ving bign dep mi cn of nhigu hai sin quy, de bigt li com, li nguyén ligu chinh cho qué trinh sin xudt nude mim. Cé com gém nhigu loai nhu cd com soe tiéu, com than, com do, soc phén, phén chi, com lép... nhung ngon nhat la ca com than va soc tiéu. Trang 9Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 2.1.1.2) Thanh phiin héa hge et ‘Thanh phan héa hoc cua cd kha nhau rit nhigu, thy theo time 16: cu thé, phy thude tdi, fi timg cf iéng (due, cdi) m6i trudng va mia vy. thinh phan cia c4 lién quan due fi Cac thanh phin héa hoe co ban eta e4 6 thé trinh bay t6m tit qua bang sau: t thigt véi thire an ma ching an, véi syedi cu va bién quan dén sy sinh sin, Thanh phan Nuée | Protein Lipid Mudi v6 co Chi tigu Thit ed 4885.1 |103244) 0154 05-56 Trimg cd 60-70 | 20-30 Il 12 Gan cd 40-75 | 848 35 05-15 Da cd 60-70 | 715 5-10 13 + Nude: NO dong vai trd va chite nding quan trong trong dé séng, chat Iugng ctia cd. Nude tham gia vio phin img sinh héa, vio cée qué trink Khuéch tén trong e& tao diéu kign cho vi sinh vat phat trién, ngdai ra lién két véi cdc chat protein. + Lipia: Ca sir dung chat béo nh la ngudn nang lugng dy trit dé duy tri sy sng trong shim thing mia dng, khi ngudn thie &n khan higm, Trang 10Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Ham luong lipid trong cd dao déng nhigu (0.1-30%), Ca duge phan loai theo béo) nhur ca tuyét, ed tuyét soe den, -Ca béo vita (<10% chat béo) nhur ca bon hai ngya, cd nhéng, ci map... ~Ci béo (10% chit béo) nhur ca bai, ef trich, 4 thu, Ham lugng chat béo (%) Ca tayst 01-09 Cibon Ca sao Citherting Cathe 135 Bing: him Ingng chat béo trong co tht cia cic logi e& khatc nhau. Lipid trong cd loai e4 xwomg duge chia thank 2 nhém chinh: phospholipid va triglycerit, Phospholipid tao nén céu tric cua mang té bio, vi vay ching duoc goi Ia lipid cau tric. Triglycerit la lipid dy tri nang Iuong ©6 trong cae noi dir trit chat béo, thuong 6 trong 1 bio ma dic bigt dugc bao quanh bing mét ming phospholigid va mang lui collagen mong hon. Triglycerit thudmg duxge goi Ia lipid dy trit. Mét s6 loai ca c6 chita cae este dang sap nhw mét phan ciia céc lipid dy tri. Kho lipid ¢6 mat khip céu trie co thit. Sy tp trung cée bio md nhiéu nhat 6 vich co va ving gitta eo thit mau séng va eg thjt mau sim. Co thit mau s4m e6 ehita mot 86 triglycerid bén trong té bao co, ngay ca déi voi gay, vid co thit nay, lipid &6 thé chuyén héa tryc tigp dé cung cap nang hrgng cho ca. Cac té bao co thit mau sdng sir dung glycogen nhur mt ngudn nang lung cho qué trinh chuyén héa yéu hi, Trong co thit mau sim, cae ngudn dy trit nang lung due dj héa hoan toan dé tao thanh CO; va H;O trong khi 6 co thit mau sng gi hinh thanh acid lactic. Nang ugng tgo ra trong co tit mau séng nhanh hon trong co thit miu sim nhung do se hinh thinh acid lactic nén gay ra mét moi, Lam cho eo khong e6 kha nding lim vie v6i tée d6 evr dai trong tho’ gian dai. Lipid ciia c4 khée véi lipid cia déng vat c6 vi, ch yéu do lipid ciia c4 6 ti 40% acid béo mach dai (14-22 nguyén tt eacbon) va mie 6 khdng no cao. Trong Trang [1Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com lipid cia dong vit e6 vi, it kh 06 acid béo véi 2 ndikép to ln trong hi lipid ea cic 06 nhidu acd béo v6i 5 hote 6 nbikép + Protein: Cou Fhia protein cia m6 ed ra thanh ba nhém sau: % Protein cau tric Gim soi myosin, actin, actomiosin va tropomyosin, chiém khoang 70% dén 80% téng long protein (so véi 40% eae loai dng vat c6 vi ). Cae protein nay hda tan trong dung dich mudi trung tinh c6 nding d@ ion kha cao (>0.5M). Cée protein cu tne 66 che nang co nit dim nbn ede hoat dong cia cor + Protein twang eo: Gém myoalbumin, globulin va cée enzym, chiém khong 25 -30% tong ugng protein, Céc protein nay hda tan trong nude, trong dung dich muéi trung tinh c6 néng dé ion thap (<0.15M). Ba s6 protein twong eo la cae enzym tham gia vao su trao d6i chat ctia 18 bao nh sy chuyén héa nang Iwong trong die kign yém khi tir glycogen thinh ATP. “ Protein m6 lign Bao gim céc soi collagen. Chiém khoang 3% tng luong protein trong ed xuong va khong 10% trong e4 sun (so véi 17% trong cic loai déng vat c6 vii). Cé trong mang lui ngosi bio khong tan trong nude, dung dich kiém hoge dung dich mudi 66 néng dé ion cao. Protein ciia cd ¢6 thanh phan acid amin gin gidng protein trong co thit cia dng vat c6 wi, mc dit dle tinh vat li c6 thé khéc nhau di chit. Diém ding dign (pl) cua protein e4 vio Khodng pH tir 4.5-5.5. Tai gid tri pH may, protein A ho tan thd nh, Giéng nh protein trong stra, trimg va thit cua déng vat e6 vi, protein trong cé 06 tt cd cde acid amin chi yéu va e6 wid tr sink hge rit cao. Trang 12Dé ant Nusée mim ed com ‘Acid amin a Sita Thitbd | Tring Lysine 88 8.1 93 68 Trytophan 10 16 Li 19 Histidine 20 26 38 22 Phenylalanine 39 53 45 34 Luecine 84 10.2 82 84 Isoleucine 60 12 52 7 Threonine 46 44 42 38 Methionine- cystine | 4.0 43 29 33 Valine 60 16 50 81 Bang che acld amin chil yu (%) trong exe protein khée nhaw, } Cée chit chiét xudt chita nito: 6 thé dinh nghia cd chat chiét xudt chitanito la hap chit hoa tan durge trong nude, ¢6 phan tir hong thap, chita niter véi ban chat phi protein. Nhém nite phi protein nay chiém ti 9-18% ham long nite tng s6 trong céc Wai ed xuong, Thanh phan co ban ca nhém nay la: ede bazo bay hoi nh amoniac va trimethylamin oxid (TMOA), creatine, acid amin tu do, nucleoit va cde bazar purin, 6 c4 sun cn c6 ca ure. Thanh phin theo Ci Tom ‘Dong vat Gia ci mg/100g trong hong uot | Tuyét | Trich | Nhém | him c6 vi “Ting nite phi protein [1.200 [1.200]3.000 [3.500 [7.200 3.500 “Tong acid amin tydo | 75 100 | 3.000 | 440 350 +Arginnine <10 | 300 <0 {750 | <20 <10 +Glycine 2 | <10 Bees 20 10-108 | <20 <10 +Acid glutamic <0 | 20 <0 {270 | ss 36 Histidine <10 | 86 86 - <10 <10 +Proline <10 | <10 <10 |750 | <10 <10 “Creatine 400 3000 - 550 ~Betaine 0 150/100 ‘|= - -TMAO 350 500-10" [100 ‘Oo 0 ~Anserine 150 0 0 280 150 Trang 13Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com ~Camosine 0 0 0 180 200 “Ure 0 2.000 |- - 35 Bing: Sy Khie nhau eo bin trong ede chat chigt xudt tir co, ‘TMAO [a thinh phin dic trung quan trong cia nhém nite phi protein trong, cde lai cd bién. Hop chat nay c6 trong tit ca cae dai e4 bién, Voi lugng tir 1-5% trong m@ co (theo trong kgng kh6), nhung de bigt khong e6 trong cdc ldai ef nude ngot va cée dng vat trén can. ‘Vé mat dinh Ing, thanh phan chi yéu cua nhém nite phi protein la creatine. Khi ca 6 trang thai nghi, hu het creatine bj phosphoryl héa va cung cap nang Ivong cho st 60 co. 4 Gluxit Him Iugng gluxit trong eo thit c4 rit thip, thudmg du6i 0.5%, tn tai dui dang ning luong dy tri glycogen. C4 vita dé trimg Iugng gluxit dy trt rt thap. Sau khi chét, glycogen co thit chuyén thanh axit lactic, lam gidm pH eta co thit, mat kha ning gitt nude cia co thit. Su bién d3i eta pH 6 eo thit sau khi ef chét 66 ¥ nghia cong nghé rat kin, & Vitamin va chat khoang: Lugng vitamin va chit khosng o6 tinh chit de trumg theo loi va e6 thé thay 446i theo mia, Noi chung, thit cd li ngudn vitamin B va véi cd béo cing gidu ci vitamin A va D, Do mot sé loai cd mrde ngot nhur ed chép €6 hoat dé euia enzyme thiaminaza cao nén ham lugng thiamine trong cac loa c nay thép. Ddi vai ede chat kkhoiing, néirigng vé calei va phospho thi thit cd durge cot li ngudn cung cp 06 wif tri, nhung ciing 1a mot ngudn quy vé sit, dng va selen. 2.1.1.3) Viée phan hang va danh gid chit long cia ca: “4 Phan loai theo dam (protit) Dya vao ham Ivong nito ciia cd va thoi gian ché bién, nguéi ta chia thanh cic Toai sau. -Cé 6 49 dam cao: >30°N (>=20% protid) nhu: cé com Kién Giang, ea ve, c4 ne. “Ci 66 dam thip: <30°N (<=18,50% protid) nhu: c& com Duyén Hai, cf linh non, cf bd Trang 14Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com trong ca ma nguOi ta chia thanh cic lgai cd sau: -Cé it md -nho hon 4% lipid c6 & hau hét céc loai cd nude mam ké ca cd linh non ~Cé c6 més vita: 4-8% lipid nh: cé linh, 4 trich, -C4 66 lugng mo nhigu lin hon 15% lipid, da sé 18 c4 nude ngot, nude ly nhu 4 basa, cd tra Bién Ho... o& Phan lgai theo tap tinh sdng: -Cé sinh sng 6 ting néi va ting Io limg (ca an néi) gbm c& com, ef trich, ef Ham, ¢4 mdi, ¢4 nyc... -Cé sinh sng 6 ting day va ting lo limg (cd fn day gdm cé ligt thit, cé x6 tap, cf bo. 4 Phan loai theo gid tri sir dung dé lam murde mam: -Ci nhom I Gém ed com Kién Giang (than, sge tigu), ve, trich,... vira e6 dam cao, vita cho sn phim dye trung, chat lugng eao, C4 nhém I thudng durge sir dung lau dai trong qué trinh ché bién dé tao ra nhitng san phdm cd huong vi de trmg, ngdai ra cdn durge ding dé tao hung cho lai ci khong ¢6 huong hod fthyong (huong khong t6t). -C4 nhom IL Gém c4 son, cd nue, c@ com Duyén Hai...chit yéu la e4 link, sit dung khir mii cho ce nhém cé tap, mét phn ding tgo hurong riéng bigt cho m6t s8 loai sin phim, inh sn xuat, dac biét 1a cd Ca nhom TI thuong durge si dung lau dai trong qué linh duge sit dung lau dai tr 12-24 thang. -Cé nom IL Gém ca x6 tap, c4 ligt thit, c4 bd, ligt Dang Thap. Chi yéu ding dé lay dam dé Jam né cho san phim, vi c mii kém nén phai xi 1¥ qua mai tao nén truée khi tao nén cho san pham khéc. Loai nay duge six dung trigt dé véi thoi gian si dung twong ddi ngin 4-6 thang. Trang 15Dé ant Nusée mim ed com 2.1.2) Mudi ‘Muéi trong tw nhién gim 6 md, mudi giéng, mudi 6 déy hd nude man va mudi bé. Tay theo phim chat va céng dung ctia mdi logi mudi ngwii ta chia raz mudi An — mudi cong nghigp — mudi lam phan. Mudi ding 4é uép ca thuge logi mudi an va do 6 gan bién nén thuong chi ding mudi bé dé wop ca. 2.1.2.1) Thanh phan cia mudi an: ‘Thanh phin chinh cia mudi 1A NaCl, H;O, ede hoat chét hda tan vi khong tan... Mudi duge dy tri trén 5 thang. = Clic chat hoa tan gom cd: calciphosphat (CaSO,), magicsunfat (MgSO,), magieclorua (MgC), calcioxit (CaO), manganoxit (MnO)... Cac loai nay ©6 viding va chat, ede tap chét nay Lam giam d9 thim thé cia mudi vao * Ciic tap chat khong tan gom c6: biin, da, s0i, cat, Cip bie NaCl Nuse Chat vO eo] Chit v6 eo khong tan | tan Mubi el 1 92,62 317 O92 [2.2084 Mudi cdp 2 89,98 645 0.0416 3,4972 ‘Bang: Thanh phan héa hge ciia cic mudi (sé gam trong 100g mudi) Trang 16Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Mudi cing lan nhiéu tap chat thi mau cang nga, doi khi c6 mau den, Nuge trong mudi an lai mt thinh phan rit d& thay di an 66 de tinh hip thy nude trong khdng khi néu dé hrgng nude trong mudi cin phy thude vao d6 to nhé cia hat musi, hat to ¢6 ham Iugng nude it hon hat nh6, Do dé can phai kiém tra cn thin true khi sir dung. Vige phan loai chat lrgng mudi &n, ngoai phuong phap héa hoe ra con ding cc phuong php cim quan nh e&n eit vio cém gide cia tay, mit, migng, Vj chat cia mudi la do trong mudi cé MgCl; CaCl;. Trong mudi thurémg t6n. tai K’, néu &n phai lugng it thi bj dau cuéng hong, néu fin phai lugng nhiéu thi gay dau da non mira, Theo tai ligu nghign ettu etia $6 New Nehigp Hai Duong Lién X6, néu ndng d6 ctia Ca’, Mg” trong dung dich nude mudi néu dat 0,6% s& 6 vi chat an 2.1.2.2) Tinh chat cia mud ® Tinh hit nude va tac dung phong théi: Do mudi e6 tinh hat nutie vdi mdi truémg xung quanh cho nén khi 49 im inh im wét. Khi do Khong khi > 75% mudi s® hit nude va wo khong khi < 70% mudi st mat mide va khd réo tré lai, Dong thoi trong qué trinh bay hoi nd s& mang theo mét s6 chat nhuw Magic (lam chat mudi), Calci (lim ding mudi), Kali (lam néng e6)... ‘Muéi an it 06 tae dung giét chét vi khudn ma chi yéu la kha nang phong théi, 46, lado: © Mudi an thém théu vao nguyén ligu lam cho nude thoat ra, vi khudn thiéu nude khéng thé phat trién duege: ® NaCl khi hoa tan sé lim cho ion CI va ion nay sé két hop véi protid 6 méi nidi peptid, lim cho cae enzyme phan hiy protid cia vi sinh vt khang cén kha nang pha vo protid dé lay chat dudng cung cép cho su sing. Cing €6 thé ion Cr'€6 de tinh lim cho vi khuan tring doc. © Nong d6 nude mudi cing 16n thi dp sudt thim thdu cing manh. Vi vay, cing 6 thé lam réch mang té bao vi Khudin, gay sit throng ching, ® Do cé mudi nén oxy it hoa tan trong mdi trxdng wép mudi, vi vay nhém vi sinh vat hiéu khi khong c6 digu kign dé phat tri Trang 17Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com ® Ngoai ra, trong mdi tramg mute mudi, qué trinh ty phan giai bi kiém ché, san phdm phan gidi sinh ra it do 46 lam cho vi khudn phat trién chém. Nong 9 muse mudi ti 4,4% tre Hen e6 thé lam ngimg sy phat trién ca ede vi Khun géy bénh va néi chung néng 46 nurée mudi dat 161 10% thi c6 thé kim ché duge sy phat trién ciia vi khudn théng thuimg. Tuy vay, day khong phi 1 gigi han tuyét ic logi vi khudn khée nhau thi ¢6 kha ning chiw mudi khée nhau . Théng thurdng, loai cdu khudn chiu mudi manh hon logi true khudin, trong ho tre khudin thi loai khong gay bénh chju mudi manh hon logi gay bénh, Nam men, nm méc c6 kha nang chju mudi tuong d6i tt, Gi6i han phat trién cia ném men & néng d> mudi 15% va cia nam méc 20 30%, © Bén canh dé cling c6 mot sb loai vi khudn wa mudi. Trong ed wip mudi e6 nhigu nhat lé trye khuan sau d6 1a cau khudn, va m6t it xoan khuan, © Trong mudi an, ngoai NaCl cén c6 cae loai mudi khic nhu CaCh, MaCh...cic mudi nay digu lim tro ngai tée dO thim théu cia NaC! vio co thé , vid hd tan cua chuing 1ém hon. Ngoai anh hudng dé né edn lim cho mau sic, mii vi, chat lrgng sin phd kém hon. Thue nghiém 4a khtr mudi ciing dé ding, néu dem ché bién vi gia vj khac thi mii vj cling twong ty gan nhu ca tuoi, Nhung néu trong mudi an cé lin Ca, Mg véi Ivgng rat it (1%) cling lim cho thit c4 bién tring, cimg va c6 vi dang, © Tinh tham thau va khuéch tin: Do tinh chit hit nude cia mudi nén wep cé véi mudi, nude 6 trong c4 thodt ‘4 trinh mudi thdm +a Him tan mudi (goi 18 qua tinh khuéeh tin), song song 46 vao e4 (goi la thim théu), Sau cing nude tir c& khéng thodt ra nia nhung mudi trong dung dich mudi ea (music béi) van tiép tue ngm vao co thé c4 cho dn khi bio hoa mudi. BQ bio hoa mudi cia ed thudng thdp hon nude bi. C4 cang tuoi thi té¢ dO thim mudi cing nhanh va nhiéu khi c4 bi won, 2.1.2.3) Cac phuong phap wép mudi: 4} Vép mudi kho: Ding nguyén hat mudi dé wép cé thudng sir dung nguyén tic ding mudi to uép cd én, cé ho con wép mudi nho. Do mudi hat to tan cham tham tir tir vao ca nhung: Trang 18,Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com tham su cho nén ci to duge thim mudi déu, Con mudi hat nho min tan nhanh, mudi nhigu hon. tham nhanh vao ca do d6 ca nhé con duge thé Hign nay 66 mét sb quan diém khée, v6i nhimg thi nghigm chimg minh ring hon mudi hat 0, boi vi sw lim khd bé mat li do hat min sé tham nhanh thinh phan héa hoc eita mudi (CaCl, MgClp...) khéng phai do kich thuée cia hat & Usp muse mudi: Mudi durge pha thanh dung dich dé usp v6i cd, v6i 3 dang nh sau: # Dung dich mudi lat: ¢6 ti 15 ~ 19°BE, hoa tan tr 180 ~ 250 gram. © Dung dich mudi vita: 06 tir 20 — 22°Be, hoa tan tir 265 ~ 300 gram. © Dung dich mudi man: c6 tir 23 ~ 25"Bé, hda tan tir 333 ~ 350 gram. & Usp mudi hin hop: O day vira sit dung w6p mudi khé lén ca, via cho vao dung dich nude mudi man 48 uép mudi mét céch lin tuc trong day chuyén sén xudt e6ng nghiép. Ngoaii ra ta cn sir dung phuong phap mudi & nhiét 46 thap (<5°C) hay mudi & nhigt 49 cao 50°C). Qua thye nghiém cho thay mudi wép trong digu kign yen tinh st ngon hon trong diéu kign tudn hoan. 2.2) Nguyén ligu phu: Tiy theo tap quan va thj hiéu cia mdi dja phuong, trong vige ché bién hoac trong khi pha ché nude mim, ngudi ta cho thém vio nhiing thir gia vi khde dé lam ting them sf va huong vi cia nuée mim nhw think, miée hang, ét, riéag, qua thom... hay cho thém rude, rudt cé dé nit ngin théi gian chin cia chugp. 2.2.1) Thinh: O Nghé An, Thanh Hoa hay diing thinh. Thinh ¢6 tac dung lim cho nuéie mém ¢6 mau 46 dep va ting miti thom, ét mii tanh cia e4. C6 nhiéu logithinh nhurthinh gao t, gg0 nép,thinh vimng, thinh ngo, Trang 19Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Jam think: = Thinh gao: gao dem bé vio chéo, rang dao déu véi ngon lita vira cho: ti Khi hat gao bén ngoai'xém den edn bén trong ving dm thi thd + Thinh vimg: cing rang nh thinh g9o nhung ngon lira dun nhé hon © Thinh ngé: dem ng6 ngém nude mt dém (48 khi rang ngd sé khong 16), phot cho rio nude ri dem rang nh ech lim thinh gao. Thinh rang xong dem gi nho, cat kin dé sir dung. 2) Nude hang: tir Ngh@ An tro vao nguii ta thuéng cho thém nude hing vao dé lam cho nude mim duge diu, ngot giong, mide sinh, mau ving dep. Caich lam mede héng: dun mat ho%e duéng dén 46 ngi mau cénh gidn hose thir vao nude 1a thy dong cue, edn gidn fa duge, Sau dé cho thém nude, chugp x4u hoae ba chirgp vao ty 1g ett 2ke mat, 1ke mim tm, Ike chirgp hode bai va 6 lit nde 1. Tiép tue dun 16i khi cdn Iai 6 lit nude 1a duge. Ding vai phin tring loc léy aude hing dé pha ché vo nude mim, 2.2.3) Nudie mau: 6 mién Nam ngudi ta thuimg dling mute mau dé lim nude mim duge diu, ngot ging, mau vang dep Cach thing mede mau: dun mat ho&c duimg dén 46 nga mau cénh gidn hode thir vio nude Id thay déng eye la duge. Ding vai phin tring loc ay muse mau 48 pha ché vao nurée mam. 2.2.4) Ot, riéng: 6 Quang Binh ngudi ta thudng ding 6t, riéng kho thém vio trong khi mudi ct lam eho nude mim sau ndy 6 vi cay, ft mi tanh, 2.2.5) Qua thom: & Phi Quéc, Phan Thiét, Cin Tho... nguéi ta hay diing mit chin hoge dita chin thém vao trong khi mudi cf dé lam cho nuée mam sau nay ¢6 vi ngot, hung thom. 2.2.6) Mam rude, rudt ed: Khi cho rudt ¢4, mam rude (48 chin ngdu thi cang tét) vao chugp thi sé mau chin, Lim ting mii thom dic trmg cia nude mim cao dam. Trang 20Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Z, 7 ‘ 3.1) Biin chat cia qua trinh sin xudit nude mi Ca + mudi nude mam Ban chit ca qué trinh nay chinh [a qua trinh thay phan protein trong cé nhd héenzyme protease _—peptol__—polyppeptid ~—pepetid —_acid amin Qué trinh thay phan protein dn acid amin la mt qué trinh rét phir tgp. Be t ndo d6 v6i vai kiéu lién két nhat higu cua enzyme 1a chi tic dung lén mt vai el dinh, nhu enzyme peptidase chi tic dung Ién méi ndi lién két peptid dé thay phan mdi lign két nay: #20 CO-NH COOH +-NH, Peptidase ‘Sy tham gia cia enzyme trong qua trinh thity phan theo co ché xtic tic: E+S ES E+P Voi B: enzyme. S: co chat (protein) ES: hop chat trung gian git enzyme va co chat. P: sin phim, ‘San phim chii yéu ciia qua trinh phén giai protein la acid amin va cdc peptid cdp thip. Sy tao thanh vi chuyén bién hop chat ES qua 3 bude: & Bude 1: enzyme két hop véi protein tgo thanh phite chét enzyme protein, bude nay xay ra kha nhanh, lign két khong bén., ® Bude 2: Xay ra sw chuyén bién cia cde phan tir protein dan dén lam. pha vo ce mi Tién két ddng ha tr tham gia vio phan img. kid Trang 21Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com phire chat BS déng thoi xy ra hai qua trinh la sy dich chuyén thay di cletron, din dén sir oye héa cita mi lién kéttham gia vio phan ting va sit bién dang hinh hye cia néi lién két déng héa tri trong phan tir protein cing nhw trong trung tam hoat dng ciia enzyme, lim cho protein hoat déng, qua trinh thay phén dé ding hon. & Bude 3: giai doan tgo thanh cic acid amin va peptid cap thap, gidi phéng enzyme. ‘Theo nghi tuomg sing v6i ba chng during bién 48% hap chit nitrogen trong qua tinh thiy phn itu cia Beddow, ba buse tao thinh va chuyén héa hgp chat ES ® Pha 1 (0-25 ngay): c6 sy gia tang thé tich cia phan chat long ndi & trén bé mat cla san pham va protein héa tan. ® Pha 2 (80-120 ngiy): mé té bio bi pha v5, protein cia té bio tra nén tiép xtc v6i enzyme, sin phim cia qué trinh wy phanprotein duge hw phéng thich, ea mé t8 bao déu bj phan hiy va bién mat sau 120-140 nga. ® Pha 3 (140-200 ngay): Enzyme phong thich va tin cng vao cde phan protein hoa tan. Bay la nguyén nhan kim thay di ede hop chat nito. Ngoai ra during, chit béo cing bi phan gidi thanh rrou va ede acid hitu co. 3.2) Hé vi sinh vat trong san xudt nude mim: 3.2.1) Céc hé enzyme trong sin xuat nude mam: Gém 3 hg enzyme lon: a, Hé enzyme Metalo- protease (Aminodipeptidase): HG enzyme nay ton tai trong n@i tang cila ca va chiu duge nong dé mudi cao nén ngay tir diu né a hoat dng manh, gidm din tr thing thir 3 ro v8 sau. Lodi enzyme nay e6 hoat tinh kh man, ¢6 kha nang thiy phn rong ri dbi vied lost peptid. Bay la nhém thay phn enzym trang tinh, pH ti thich ti ~ 7, pl Pb, He”, Es Ca®* va mat hoat tinh véi Zn”, Ni b. Hé enzym serin-protease: Trang 22Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com ign hinh la enzym tripsin, tn tai nhigu trong néi tang cua ca. G giai doan cita qui trinh sin xuét mace mim host déng cia né yéu dén thing thir2 va phat trién dat gid tri cye dai 6 thang thir 3 rdi gidm dan dén khi churgp chin (protein phén giti gin nh hodn todn khing edn & dang peptol). Hé enzym nay ludn bi ie ché bai chudi acid amin trong céu tric cia enzym. Dé thio 6 chudi nay phai nhir dén hoat dong cia men cathepsin B nhung men cathepsin B dé bi fe ché boi nng a6 mudi cao. Vi vay dé men cathepsin B hoat dng duoe ngudi ta thue hign phurong phip cho mudi nhidu lin, Enzym serin-protease hogt dng manh & pH tir 5 — 10, manh nat 6 pH = 9. ©. Hé enzym acid-protease: Cé trong thit va ndi tang ea, dign hinh 1a enzym cathepsin D. Hé enzym nay dé bj te cl fn tain ang 46 mudi Khoding 15% nén thong né chi thai gian gan dau thoi ky ea qué trinh thay phin. Loai men nay déng vai tro thir yéu trong qua trinh san xuat nue mam. 3.2.2) Vi sinh vat trong san xudt nude mim: Vi sinh va mat ngay tir diu qua trink ché bién do nguyén ligu, dung eu mang theo va tir ngoai mdi trrdng nhiém vao, nhung do ndng 46 mudi qué cao nén ching khéng hoat déng duge. Ngay trong giai doan ngin dau tién khi mudi chua kip téc dung e6 mot it vi sinh vat gay théi hoat dong. Véi sy hinh thanh nude béi, d@ man tang len din, Khi dat tir 12% tro len thi cde vi Khudn gay théi hau nhw ngimg hoat dong vi cdc vi khudn khae cing bj ite ché cao 46. Nhu vay trong qué trinh ché bién music mim, si tham gia_vio qué trinh thiy phan protein cia sinh vat twong 461 yéu nhumg vé sy hinh thinh cia mii vj nude mim tong qué trink ché bién thi vi khudn da tham gia khd tich cue. Céc vi sinh vat tén tai trong muse mim duge chia thinh hai nhém, nhém vi sinh vt ua mudi e6 thé phat trién duge trong moi trudmg 6 nding d9 mudi trén 10% ‘va nh6m vi sinh vat khong wa mudi thi phat trién 6 néng dd duréi 10%. Cée vi khudn ua mudi trong nude mam chi yéu 1a loai Cocei ching phat trién tét trong mdi trong c6 néng 46 mudi cao. 6 théi gian dau cita qua trinh ché bién nude mam, vi sinh vat higu khi phat ién durge va c6 tham gia vao qué trinh thay phan e4 thong. qua enzym vi sinh vat nhung dan din mudi ngdm vio cé thi host déng cua ching Trang 23Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com im din cdn vi sinh vét hi con hoat déng duge 6 giai doan sau cua qua ché bién nude mam. Nhang vi sinh vat wy huromg yém Kh, ban than khong wa mudi nhumg trong méi truang ché bién chugp ching thich nghi din véi dj man va cd thé phat huy duge tée dung Tir l6p ving ndi dc bigt trong mQt sé thing nude mim cée nha nghiéa ctu a phan lp duge 2 ching vi Khudn tao huong sau: = Ching 1: Staphylococcus intermediu; Thude giéng Staphylococcus; ho Micrococcaceae. = Ching 2: Vibrio costicola; Thude giéng Vibrio, ho Vibrionaceae Tir m6t s6 logi mén an da phan lip durge: = Chiing 1: Bacillus lichenformis = Chiing 2: Bacillus pasterii Ching 3: Bacillus megaterium Ching 4: Bacillus firmus Ching 5: Bacillus sphaericus ‘Ching 6: Micrococcus luteus, thude giéng Micrococcus 4, Thiét bj va dung cy ding trong sin xuat: 4.4) Thing gd: CA durée udp trong nhing thiing 2 lin, trdn, cao tir 0,8 ~ 2m, during kinh ‘day thing tir 1 ~ 3m, e6 thé chia durge 500 ~ 1200 kg ea. G chd gip day thing véi thanh thiing ngudi ta dp la. G6 ding dé déng thing phai dig ning loai gd t6t nhu g6 bang lang, vang, tam, ven vét, gié... g6 dem x¢ thanh nhimg tam day tir 3 ~— 4 em, ngam nude, phoi rng tir 2 ~ 3 thang cho hét chat nhyra cay va g8 khoi bi cong sau nay. Sau khi 4 phoi kho xé rink, khép khit chit vo nhau, xung quanh dénh dai bing tre ché ra xoain lai rit chide. Sau dé duge xam bing v6 cdy trim va vét nhya, khong 0 ri. Nhimg thang g6 nay ding 4é wap cé rit tt, rét ban va mdi khi chay chi can trét nnhya trai la ¢6 thé diing lai duge. Trong qué trinh ché bién nude mam, cée thing 25 Trang 24Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com thudng dé trong khu nha Iéu va sp xép thanh cae day s6 cho thudin tign cho vige kiém tra va dio tr thang xuyén. 4.2) Chum ang bing dit nung: 6 Cat Hai, Quang Yén cic co sir ché thudng ding ang chum 48 uop ¢4. én trong cling nhur bén ngoai cé mot Kép da sinh nén Chum lam biing dat nung; 4i mn khong ngém vio duge: dung tich tir 200 ~ 300 lit. Ang sinh cing lam bing dét nung (thudng 6 Méng Cai sin xuéit nhigu) migng dé rong nén dé danh, khudy; bén trong c6 tring lép men da lon ma nh lép men nay mudi man khong, thé ngam vao duge. 4.3) Bé xy trat xi ming: Do nhu chu wép Lim nude mim ngay mot ting, nén dung ey chira dung d0i héi ngay cng nhiéu. Thing g6 ang chum khéng thé giai quyét da, nén hau hét céc xi nghigp quée doanh hign nay é mién Bic d& xéy dung bé udp ca bing gach hode dé trét xi mang, Bé xi mang xdy thinh nhting 6 hinh cher nhét dai 3m, rong. ‘2m, sau 1,5m 06 thé chira duge 5 — 5,5 tin cd hode thanh nhimng bé tron cd duéng kinb tir 13 m. O chd gidp déy va thinh cua mdi 6, bé nguoi ta duc thing 2 18 48 ap 10 (gidng thing g8) ding d8 rit nude ma ‘ung quanh chan bé e6 xéy mang, ‘Nuc dm cé tiét ra se chay xudng nhong méng 46. Trén mat bé duge day bing lop phén cd goi nhg, dé mé ra va day lai, Trang 25Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 4.4) Cac loai lit: C6 2 loai lit chinh: li kéo nit xd bai va lit kéo nit nude mim, BS dip Ii han hoo. thuong ding mudi, cat soi, Lit c6 tae dung dé rit mrée béi ra, diing nao trdn va kéo rit nue mam trong suét. Néu dip tii khdng can than thi dé bj tiie hode v8. ¢ ogi lit nhur sau: Cach dap + Lino trOn: ld logi Id dé kéo rit nude bdi néo trOn trong qué trinh ché bign churgp cho dén khi chwrgp chin. Logi li nay durge dip & cdc bé hay cdc vai lon mgt bé thudng dé ngoai toi. Cach dip: & dau dng la phia trong bé durge ni thanh hao to tron durée kinh khoang 3 ~ 5 em (hode mot bé dia tre chua vét) & trén dé m6t lop da soi, trén lap da soi c6 mot lap mudi. Lit kéo itl loai ti dé ko rit mrée mim cét cia churép chin, Chirop sau thoi gian ché bién trén mot nam da chin duge dua chuyén sang bé khae da dip Ta kéo rit, Nude mam qua li: kéo rit rat trong goi li nude mam cét, 46 dam kha cao. Cach dap li kéo rit nhw sau: 6 diu éng li phia trong thanh bé cé dat mot ro tre 44 bé mot lép vi o6i, trén cho mOt lip xuoNg e4 Ga duge rita sach, e6 noi dip Len 60 ~ 70 kg mudi (trong tring hop mudi man nhur Cat Hai). 6 Lach Bung, Thanh Hiéa ngudi ta cén dip trén ro coi mét lop v6 bau hén, rdi dén mot lop da soi © Lickéo rit nude ndu bing cat hay bang tréu: loai lt nay ding dé loc ‘nude néu tir logi chugp xdu hoae ba chwrop chin tét. C6 ba logi li: loai bang cat, Logi bang trau, loai bang ca cat lin tréu. Ba logi nay cé thé dat ro, bé tre, bat c6 ring, khia. * Logi bing cdi: phia trén 48 mOt Ip sdi day chimg 35 em tiép dén 1a lop eit day 40 ~ 60 em, trén cing la lop phén nita + Logi biing tréu: phia dui 6 thé lam day gid, phia trén d3 mot lop tru, xong dt mOt Iuot phén. Trén Iugt phén cho thém m9t lip triu day 30 ~ 40 em, = Loai bing cat va tru: duéi 06 1am day gid edch mat bé 10 — 15 cm lot mot lép phén ri cho mot lop trau, tiép dén mot phén rdi mot lép cat. Trang 26Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 5. 7 e : Lén men Ba Nude mim nguyén chit Lam phan bon, Pha du thie an gia sic Huong liga, phy sia cée loai 6. M6 ta qui trinh cng nghé: 6.1) Giai doan chun bi nguvén figu: Nguyén ligu: Nguyén liu chinh lam nude mam 1a cd com, hode e6 thé thay thé bang cé nuc, mét phan cd gid (ca tap) va mudi, Chat hong cua nguyén ligu quyét dinh mét phan chat lugng eta thanh pham, vi vay vige chon mudi va cd trude hi lam nude mim 1a rit quan trong. i, ding mudi e4 t8t, cho Chon mudi: Mudi hat vira, trang dye, khé, it tap el riage mim ngon, Theo ti 1g 3 ef, 1 mudi trGn Kin thanh chugp, cho vo thing hoe bé xi-ming, gai nén, kéo nit nuge lién tye trong 6 thing thi ldy due mim. Néu mudi min qua sé lim cf té cimg liu, kéo dai thai gian thay phan, edn mudi nnhat qué ca sé thiy phan nhanh dng thoi nude méim e6 mui thé. Trang 27Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com ‘Chon eft: Ca com than, com ndi, com Ba Lai cho nhiéu nude thom; com 46, com tring, com sn ti 1g vay va xwong Ién, cho it mde. KhOng ding ca qué tudi, cd won, nén mua cé vira may minh, dat ca nm dén sat vao nhau trong thing kin day, Tranh dé cd bj mat mde trong qua trinh van chuyén hode tam chira cha it ly mudi. Cling khéng ding nude li dé rira cd 6 bién vat lén twong di sach. 6.2) Giai doan ché bién chuop: Céc thing chugp chi yéu 1a thing g6 trong nha léu, va xi mang ngoai toi Néu cd chugp nhap vé 1 c4 161 thi duge chita trong cée thing gé trong nha leu va tién hnh ché bién, Néu cd chugp thude cé tap, c6 kich thuge lon va nhiéu diu nhw cé linh, cf trich... thi chita trong cée hé ngoai trai. Bé la ho xi mang c6 kha ning gilt nhigt 161. Khi dat ngodi tdi né hép thu mhigt va phan gidi manh thit ed. Cong dung cia vige sir dung hd ngoai tri cho mot sé loai e4 nhur sau © éi véi cf tap: do chét Iuong cd khong t6t, néu ché bién trye tiép thi nurée mam s8 khéng ngon mae cho long dam o8 cao, Vi thé, hd chia cca tap chit yéu Li hé théng lay dam cho nude mam © Doi vdi ca c6 kich thurde én; nh hd ¢6 kha nang git nhigt, nhigt do cao nén qua trinh phan giai cé nhanh hon va tét hon so véi vige phan hy 6 nhigt 46 thing chugp bing g8 trong nha Ru © Déi véi cd 06 dau: dau cd trong qué trinh ché bién rit dé bi oxy hoa nén cing anh huéng dn chét lngmng made mam. Vi véy ngudi ta tr cd trong cdc hé ngoai tréi vira tranh Lam gidm chat wong nude mam, vira c6 thé vét du dé ban, tang thém thu nap. ngodi ra vie chiét nit dam tir cd sé trigt dé hon. Khong thém murée la va chi cho mudi m6t lin, chi them nuée mau chir khéng thém chit phy gia nao khée. ‘Trade khi ché bién, phai tién hinh vé sinh Iai thing chugp. Dau tién, kiém tra so’ bo vé d6 man cia chugp nhim tinh todn Iuong mudi sé cho vao khi chuop, cho ca va mudi vao thing go, cit mot lép ca la mét lop mudi va dig ban cdo ga dé dan du lop c4 va lép mudi, néu chugp ccd bj lat tte lugng mudi phai nbigu thi rai nhigu lép mudi mong thay vi it 16p nung day, phil mOt lop mat khd day khoang 2- 3 om trén cing dé u gitt nhigt va tran rudi nhing dgu véo. Lay nhidu Ip 14 pha lén op mat, 16p 1a durov cOt chat vao cdc thanh nep, ding ede don ha gai cic thanh nep Trang 28Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Iai roi ding hai don thugng gac ngang qua thing chugp dé nén vi khong bj trdi len, Myc dich khiu gai nén la git vé sinh, vira tac dung Ive ép dé nude tir thit ca duge tit ra nhanh hon. ‘Sau mét thoi gian nutéc bai théo ra la cd xep xudng dan nén pha tigp tue nén xudng nifa va gai nén Iai. Nuée bdi ban dau do ca tiét ra c6 mau d6 nau, mii tanh va ‘duge gitt trong cée tr. Sau khi nén xong 46 nude béi vita nit duge cho vio ngap c4 ‘Sau Khi gai nén va bé sung chugp cho gin day thing chwop, bom nude béi vio cé va gidt yén, khoang ba thing mét lin, ngwéi ta kiém tra xem cé ¢6 thiéu mudi hay khéng dé bé sung mudi cho kip Itic. Néu ca thiéu mudi, thi lép c4 trén mat sé bj i chay, ¢6 mau den va mii khét. Co thé b6 sung thém bang cach rai them lop m mat hoc thio nude bdi, cho chay mute mudi qua xéc cd chugp roi bom nude bai vao. Méi lan ngudi ta cling giat vi dé dam bao vé sinh cho thing chuop, Khi ding chugp duge ngam tir 6 -9 thing, fiu tho dao thuéng xuyén. ‘Théo dao bing cach cho nurse bai chay ra ngoai cae trd, dem nurse trd pho nding rdi Ji bom vao thing chugp. Thong thuong mdi tuin k6o nude ra phoi mOt Kin, budi sdng kéo ra phoi, budi chigu kéo vao ngay. Lite nay cling kiém tra xem churop da chin cha bing phuong phép cim quan va bing phuong phap héa hoc. Nhiét 46. ang cao thi qué trinh phan giai thit e4 cng hanh. Néu dé thing chugp trong nha du thi nhigt do chi khoang 30- 40 °C. 6 nhigt d6 nay, thit c4 phan giai tuoong déi cham, chinh vi thé, mudn ting nhigt 4 lén thi dem nude béi ra phoi ning. Néu muén chugp chin nhanh thi phai thong xuyén théo dao, dang thai nhigt 46 cao thi thit c4 cing phan gidi nhanh hon, Thoi gian ngém cdn tay thuje vao méi loai ed, dung cu chita dung, thoi tit,... Thoi gian w6p ed tir 8- 10 thang. Khi chugp chin thi tién hanh rit nuée mim. Hign nay e6 nhiéu phuong phip ché bién chuyp, ty nhién e6 thé chia thanh 2 phuong phdp chin: Trang 29Dé ant U2 ngiy) Nusée mim ed com 6.2.1) Phong phap ché bién chop ¢6 truyén: Lén men (6-12 thing) Chugp chin Chiét rit ‘Xuong vi thit ed thodi héa Lén men lan 2 (6-12 thing) Djch nuée mim BA sau chiét rit Dich mute mam Phéi tron, 200 g mui 14-18 gN/I Nuée mim ‘thank phim ‘Acid amin: 40- 60 g/1 Chit dé bay hoi cao (acid béo dé bay hoi, metyl ccton) Trang 30Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com 6.2.1.1) Ch chugp bing phuong phap danh khi Ché bién chugp bing phuomg phip inh khudy la cia Cit Hae Hai Phong, khde véi noi kha 1a ché bién cho thém nude la cho mudi nhiéu Kin va dénh khuay Tin tye. Phuong php cho mudi nhiéu lan da loi dung kha nang phan giai cia enzyme fi sinh vat toi mite 46 nit ngin thoi gian ché bign chugp. Cho mudi nhiéu i, tidu digt cdc vi sinh vat gay théi thong thudng va lin dé tao diéu kién phong thi khéng kiém ham nhiéu qué ha nang hoat héa eda men. Luong nude cho vio nén vita pha, ft qué thi tée dung cia men kém hung néu nhiéu qua thi khong khéng ché duge qué trinh théi rita, d6ng thoi lam bang 4 dam trong née mim, vi vay lung nurée cho vao can tity thude dae diém ciia nguyén lign, thurong IA tir 20- 30% c6 khi t6i 40% so vai cd, a, Ché én chuop tir ed toi: Ca tuoi da duge ria sach do vao thing, chau... tron déu vi mudi, cit 100 kg mudi chat, ldy ndp day kin. ‘Trong ang cé duge u kin, enzyme bat dau xtc tién qué trink phan giai lam cho thjt cd trong lén va mém ra. Day kin nhu vay 2 ngay vé mia hé 3 ngiy vé mita dong. Tiép theo cho 20 % nude sach so véi khdi hrgng ca, vai loa ca to cho t6i 30%. Khdng cho mde vio tr dau vii mue dich la kim cho mudi c6 thoi gian ngdim 4. Nude b8i durge tao think, Jogi nude ed ny chia rét hil ft mgm ra rt t6t cho vi khuiin phat trién. cho nude xong ding cio go danh dao that ky va tan deu hét va tan hét, néu thay thiéu mudi thi bé sung, Sau dé ban ngay (khOng mura) mo nip dé phoi ning, 161 day nip lai. Hing ngay m6 nap dénh déu va phoi ed nhu vay lim cho e4 chéng phan giai, ding thdi bung e4 trrong Ién do tich tu khi NH, c dan dan ndi lén tir lung be dén gan mat bé- Iie nay la lie ed doi mudi. Cho mudi lin thir 2: vé mia hé ching 2- 3 ngiy, mia dong 3-4 ngay tinh tir ngay cho nude vao 4, bung cd vo ra, Iwén ca twép ra, khdi cd dang lén va be mai chua nhe ln muti tanh, thoang thong miti théi, cho edo vio khuay thay sii bot. Trang 31Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Khi dy cain cho m jai, lrgng mudi cho vao khoang tir 5- 10% ty, theo tinh trang oy thye hwong mudi cho vio ngudi ta cing fing chimg chit khéng can chinh xéc. Cho mudi cao vao roi ding cao gb déanh dao ign tyc lm cho mudi tan het, Hang ngay mo nap danh khoay, sy phan giai lai tiep tue cho dén khi ed di mudi lan thir 3. Cae dot cho mudi sau nay rt quan trong, edn phai cho diing lic. Cho muéi s6m hay mudn qué déu khdng tét. Cho mudi sém qué thi qué trinh thiiy phan bi tte: ché nhung cho mudn qua thi qué trinh théi rita xdy ra, Binh thug cho mudi 4-5 tin 14 di, nhung cing e6 trudng hgp phai cho lin hon, Khi da cho dit mudi (30- 35%) thi than ca cling da ngam du mudi, nat déu va chim xudng, khéng cdn hign tugng traong va néi lén nita. Lite d6 nguii ta nosi cd da “dimg ca”. Hang ngay van phoi nding nhung khéng cin cham sé¢ edn thn hu hic doi mudi nira. Chimg mét thang sau (ké tir hie cho di mudi) thi cd chim han xuéng, nude néi Kén cé mau ving, trong va xudt hign mili nude mam 13 rét hic dé 04 da “dimg mat du”, Mau sic eda nude mim chuyén tir mau ving nhat sang hin mau ving dim, nude mim trong. Sau 4- 5 thang (mita ha) ké tir Khi jit mudi ld chugp da chin hoan toan, c6 thé ritt duge (mda dong thi thoi gian chugp chin chém hon). Léie nay nue mim chi con mii thom thuan tay, khéng con nhiéu mii hén tap cia chugp nita, tuy vay phan ba vin con mui tanh, Gi véi cd dng lanh,trade khi ten. mudi phai xa dé 48 néu khdng chirgp 5 den timg viing, trong ban than e4 thi den tir xuong sng tr6 ra... Khi phat hign hign tuong den ta thuong lim tudng nguyén nhan tir sic t6 hode vi khéi chugp co mach lon (mao quan)... chi it ai biét duge tir e4 déng lank. Khi giém ding trémg hep ny, ta chi vide tich thit c@ ra nhin xuong 18 big b. Ché bién chuop tt of da uép musi. ‘Thong thudng cé sau khi duge danh bat thuéng usp mudi dé bao quan, nhiing ché d§ wép mudi ban dau khong cé quy wée cy thé, ham lrgng mudi trong ¢4 w6p rat khae nhau. Tiyy theo him Ivong mudi ban dau ma ta ¢6 cach xt ly ché bién chugp khéc nhau, Luong muodii ban dau thyéng duge xéc dinh bing phyong phap Trang 32Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com cam quan, Ca mn qua than cting va t6p Iai, mat dom va danh, 46 man thuong ca cc nude thudng 18+ 20°Bx. ‘Truong hgp nay phai cho nude la ngay tw dau cho cé thoat bét mudi, Luong, nude cho vao tity thuge ed lin nho va d6 man ma quyét dinh, khoang tir 25- 40% so Véi c4. Luong nude cho vio eiing ng chimg theo cm quan. Doi véi ea man vira thi Khong cho nude ngay, sau 2- 3 ngay méi cho. ‘bi vi cd nhat dau thi phai cho mudi ngay, lugng mudi cho vao nhidu hay it tly thuge nhan dinh cam quan, néu nhat nhiéu won nhiéu thi phai cho Iugng mudi tuong déi twong déi nhiéu, ndi chung tir khdong 8- 10%. Sau khi cho nude 1a ddi véi cd c6 dO man vita ( 10- 15 9%) vé musa he chi sau 2-3 ngay sau li cé doi mudi, e4 nhat du thi doi mudi lau hon, ngurge lai e& man daw thi uu méi dai mudi nia déng thai gian ddi mudi lau hon, déi vai ca 0 di vita phai ttr 4- 6 ngay. Hang ngay nguoi eéng nha pha Khudy trn va theo doi a chugp. Hign tugng ddi mudi la hign tong rit quan trong trong kidu ché bién chugp, ngudi céng nhiin chim séc thao téc can phai nh§n x¢t tinh tudmg, cho kip thai mdi bio dam duoy chat lwong cita sin phim, Do ché do ban dau wép mudi khong chinh xée, ngng mudi cho vio mdi bé (ang, chum...) ang chimg theo cdm quan nén c6 bé di mudi tnrde bé ddi sau. Khi cé di mudi, ciing cho mudi nhw ché bién nguyén ligu tugi, tire 1A bé nado. di it thi cho 2- 5%, bé nao ddi nhigu thi cho &- 10%, Blo 1a giai doan cho mudi gn gidng lan 2 khii ché bién tir c4 tuoi, 6.2.1.2) Ché bign chugp bing phuomg phap gai nén C4 duge tron déu voi mudi cho di mudi ny ho&e cho mudi nhigu yy tir lin, sau 46 wép vio thing hode bé rbi gai nén. Dya vao men trong cf o6 thé phan ii protit cia cé khong cho made la va khéng dinh Khuay.day la phuomg phap ché bién cf 6 ving khu 4 ef ho%e wong tu nh céc tinh phia nam. 6 khu 4 4 duge chira trong nhiing 6, bé ln, mdi 6 chira 5- 5.5 tn e4. G khu 4 thudng cho thém 2% thinh dé ting huong vi, dac biét déi vai ca gid cdo. Con déi vai cdc tinh phia Nam thi mudi vao ef thing gd lén tir 1-15 tn va qué trinh ché bién li qué trinh ndo dio lign tye cho dén khi chuop chin thi kéo rit Trang 33Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com a, Ché bién chugp tic tuoi: Cho mu6i dgt 1: Cé rita sach, 46 vao bé ti 1g c& vb mudi 1a: 100kg cd + 12- 15% thinh, Cir mot lap cd rie mét lp mui va thinh nén chat (thuromg chan di ting cao su cao dm chit xudng). Cang Ién trén mudi cang nhiéu so véi lop dudi, lop ca trén cing phir bing lop mudi day (3cm) dé gitt nhigt va tranh rudi nhing. Ding vi tre hay nita sach day kin trén lép mudi, dtc ethan wi hay tre dé nén chat xuéng. ‘Vi bude dau cé truong to, nude tiét ra Lim cho khéi chugp ndi 1én cho nén dé nén ch§t durge, ta phai ding 2 eéch: © Nén bing da véi site ning 25% so véi ting khdi long cé ban dau cb trong thing. © Ding don nging ngang trén migng thing hay bé ching day xuéng ‘i 3 ong ting lén, trung tim cd tich tw diu khi NHs, CO>, H:S...am cho ed dduéi, Nha nén chat nhigt nGicé trong cé lam cho men hoat trong lén, thit cd bi xé nat nhung xvong va da vin con nguyén, Mudi tham thau vao cd, nunée tiét ra goi la made béi. Nude nay duge rit ra, mot phin dem nung néng ri dem tr Iai thing chugp goi Ia tip nhigt lin dau. Cée Lin sau thi nung t6i 70- 80°C. Cdn phan Ion nude bdi sdnh duge ra pho nding dén 3 gid chiéu khi nude con néng thi dé tro lai bé chugp. Cho muéi cé dgt sau: Sau khi muudi dot 1 duoc 3- 4 ngay vé mia he, 5-7 ngay vé mia déng thi cho muéi lin 2 va tiép tue cho mudi ca lan tiép sau. b. ChE biga chugp tir of 44 udp mus Xi ly bude diu: khi nbn nguyén ligu phai kiém tra ky dO man, Néu long mudi w6p vio cd trén thuyén quy dinh ting véi long mudi cho vio det I (12- 15%) e. Néu qué min phai rita cé cho bot man rb mdi gai nén, Nude ria phai nhgp chung, thi chi can khir tap chat sau dé cho vao bé gai nén ngay, nurée béi dem phoi ri Vv6i nude béi dé sir dung sau, Néu con nhat phai cho mudi réi méi cho vao bé gai nén, Cho mudi ede dot sau: ed durge gai nén chit gta cée l6p mudi lam cho nhigt 46 trong co thé c4 tang lén gitip cho cée enzyme hoat dong duge dé ding hon, Mudi dan dan ngim vao cé va made béi thoat ra, chimg 2- 3 ngay c6 hign tong sui bot, Trang 34Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com mii tanh chua 6 mau én, mér nude fi nurde chi ra ga (thing) dung dich m niu d3, do mau tiét ra mii tanh ding muéi hia tan vio nue bi 06 d man 24- 25 bé rbi lai dd len trén cho ngip ed dé trinh tiép xtie v6i khdng Kh va u6i nhang bam vao trénh hur hong. Sau khi rit dung dich mudi trong bé ra, eé sé xep xuéng, bin mht, réu bn s@ dong Iai trén mat phén, phoi khd sau dé dura vio nén ri méi cho dung dich mudi hda tan dé vio. Hing ngay vao budi sing rit nude ra phoi nding (nhung khdng riit hét trénh c4 tiép xtie véi khéng khi), phoi dén 3 — 4 gid khi nude con néng Igi mic d8 vio bé, dly nip kin. Khoing 4 — 5 ngly sau mudi vin tiép eye gdm vao c4, nude thoat ra, c4 xep xuéng, dung dich mudi Iai e6 hign tugng sti bot, béc miti chua, Iai mér nude Iii cho nude béi chay ra, cho mudi vio nuée bdi hoa tan én d§ man 24 ~ 25" Bx rd Iai 48 lén trén, Lam nbur vay chimng 3 lan, lan cuéi cing chimg 4 ~ 5 ngay sau rit nuée mudi ra do d@ man dat 22 — 23° Bx thi coi nhw cd da dit mudi. ‘Toi b6 thai gian gai nén va cho mudi nhur trén vao mua hé khong 16 ~ 20 ngiy, mia déng khoang 30 ngiy. Sau khi da cho di: mudi hang ngay m6 nip phoi ning, t8i day tai. Mdi tuan rit nuée ra phoi tir budi sing, chigu mic dé vao, lam nnhur thé chitng 2 thang cé chim hn o6 thé bé phén va don tre hay g6 ra, khéng cin nén na nhung hing ngiy van phai mé nép phoi ning khong 10 ngay thi théo nit mot la ‘Néu ¢6 nhan céng ta sé ndéo dao ngay thi chugp sé mau chin hon. Néu dao céng manh thi kha nding hia tan dam cing cao va cing ching keo rit duge nude mim hon. Vin 8 tip nbigt cing rdt cdn thigt nhét 1a vo mita déng. Néu ne it ahin cng thi lin tiép nhigt vio di tuan, lay mét phin nue bai dun s6i dé lai cde be cede In sau mét thang vai lan, khi nit nude béi ra khOng rit hét, nude bdi duge dun len 70 ~ 80°C rbi dé vio bé. Chii ¥ khi cho vao bé phai dé tir tir va rit ti ra cho nude chay tir trén xuéng duréi, mde boi lanh chay ra sau d6 lai mic dé len trén, h cia tiép nhigt 1a tao digu kign cho enzyme hoat ding, Tay theo logi ite d6 tip nhigt, each cho mudi, siz cham séc... ma thdi gian chin cia Trang 35Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com chugp c6 thé tir 6 ~ 8 thang. Bac diém cia phuong phap nay ki chugp chin ca van con nguyén con, xtong khng nit nén thuan Igi cho vige kéo rit 6.2.1.3) Phuong php ché bién chugp hén hop: ( két hop hai phuong phép gai nén va dénh khuiy) Phuong phap nay rit kinh nghiém ciia hai phuong phdp trén. Khée phuc hing nhuge diém va phit huy nhing wu diém cia ching. Nguyén ligu nhap xuong ‘duge phan logi k§. Thy timg loai cd, ting mia ma lgng cho vio cling khée nhau: cA nhé long mudi cho vao khoang 26 — 30%: cd lén tur 30 — 35%. Cho mudi nhiéu Hn thudng we 3 — 4 lan. Voi nguyén ligu tuoi thi tn déu tw 12 ~ 15% mudi; nguyén gu thi pha dem kiém tra 46 man, c4 dem xit I riéng nhur da n6i o 2 phurong phap trén. Ca duoc li thao nude ten mudi xong dem vio bé uép va gai nén. Khodng sau 2 ngiy mé di ra, diung mupdi hoa tan vao dén do man 20 — 23° Bx rdi mic dé tra Iai bé, néu 6 dieu kign thi dem boi ra phoi nding tiép nhiét, Chimg 4 — 5 ngay sau mo lit cho nude chay ra, lic nay 49 mn cua mudi chimg 16 — 18° Bx lai ha tan mudi vao dé 6 4 min 22 - 23° Bx, mic 46 lén bé. Lim nh véy chimg 3-4 ln, Khi ndo rit nude bdi ra dat d9 man 1a 22 ~ 23° Bx thi coi nhur da di mudi. Toan bd thoi gian cho mudi va gai nén nay khong 20 ~ 30 ngay tiy theo ting mita. Giai doan nay gidng nhur phuong phap gai nén & khu 4. Sau khi da dix mudi ta thio phén gai nén dé dénh khudy gidng nhur phirong phap Cat Hai. Néu nguyén ligu du qua main thi tiy theo mire 46 lrong mudi dir mhié hay it ma cho thém mét Itong mude 1d thich hyp dé hda tan bt mudi tgo 4 man vita phai cho enzyme hoat héa, trinh hign tugng ef man diu khong phan gidi duge. Nhur vay phurmg php nay ap dung hai giai doan: giai doan dau gai nén cho mudi nhiéu lin va néu e6 digu kign thi tiép nhigt, giai dogn 2 18 giai doan dinh khudy va phot nding. ‘Trong thoi gian danh khudy con 66 thé cho thém mt lugng nh mudi ntta néu théy cin hid Trang 36Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Chuop trong bé thai gian 4 ~ 5 thang da c6 thé nau duge, 6 ~ 7 thang da ¢6 thé kéo nit duge, cin chugp & ang, chum nh6 do diéu kign cham s6c t6t nén chin ding nhanh hon. ‘Tom lai théi gian chin cia churgp theo han hgp nhanh hon phuong phap gai nién 6 khu 4, chm hon phhuong phép dénh khudy 6 Cét Hai 6.2.2) Phuong phip ch i tid Phuong phip ché bién nude mim cé truyén 06 thoi gian ché bién dai, khong kinh té, con cée phurong phap ché bién khoa hoc, phwong phap vi sinh vat hodc sir dung enzyme tuy e6 rt ngén duge thei gian nhung hung vi la rt kém. Mu dich cia phwrong phap cl nue mam cai tién 1a vira rit ngén théi gian va nang cao chat lung mde mim ma Iai vita tin dung durge ngudn nguyén ligu, 6.2.2.1) Phuong phap ché bién metic mim héng hia hoc Nguyen ligu Xir ly Nea Thay phan Trung hoa Lge vi digu chinh chit krone Ba ‘Thanh phim ‘Thite an gia ste ‘+ Nauyén ly: Sur dung héa chat (HCI, HS0,, NaxCOs, NaOH) dé thay phan protein thit e4 thanh ede acid amin, © Xiry: kam sach © Ngam: trong dung dich HCI théi gian m6t tuan, thinh thoang danh khudy tao cho nurée mim o8 miu sie dep vi thiy phan mt phn protein trong of Trang 37Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com ¢ Thay phan; sir dung nhimng kigu, tu 06 dng sinh hin dng thi thi anh khay dé tranh chay khét, + Nong d6 acid sit dung la HCI 7N. + Nhigt d@: cao hay thép d8u c6 anh hung dén chat lugmg sin phdm. Nhiét 49 thich hgp nhit fa 100 — 105°C, thity phan trong thoi gian 7 ~ 8 gid. + Luong acid: due vio nguyen ligu, néu nguyéa ligu o6 nhidu xuong eng, nhigu vay cdn Itong acid nhidu. ‘© Trung hda: sir dung NasCO,, nhigt d@ trung hia 60 - 70°C, pH = 6,3 ~ 6.5. ‘© Loe va diéu chinh chat lrgng san pha: + Vét chat béo ndi phia trén va loc qua vai dé gid cin, xwong va xc chua bj thay phan. + Digu chinh néng d6 mudi vé khoang 20°BE, + Didu chinh néng 49 dam bing cach dun & nhigt 46 60 ~ 70°C hie phoi nang sau d6 b6 sung benzoate Na voi ndng d6 1%. + Kéo nit nude mam qua ba chugp t6t hode trén voi nude mam cét. 6.2.2.2) Phuong phap ché bién nude mim bing vi sinh vat Nguyen ligu Xt ly Thiiy phan (méc 3 — 4%) Nude Ioe Loc Dich thay phan Sin phim Vi sinh vat hoe 1a phuong phép ding vi khudn hay nim méc dé thay phn thit cd lam cho giai doan chin ciia chugp nhanh hon, rit ngiin thoi gian ché bién nuée mim, Hign nay nim méec duge chon dé thiy phan thjt c4 la Aspergillus oryzae. Trang 38Dé ant Nuée mim e4 com Neguyén ly: trong nam mée Aspergillus oryzae ¢6 hé enzyme protease nhur: innulase, imertase, asparaginaza, glutaminase, proteolytic, Nhiing enzyme niy ¢6 kha ning thay phan protid thinh acid amin 6 digu kign nhigt d va pH thich hgp la: nhigt 46 37—41°C, pH= 6-8 Loai mée nay cé thé san xudt theo 2 cdch: + Cho méc len men tyr nhién, ndu com tén 48 ngudi, trai ra ngim, dem phoi va ly nim méc bén ngoai méi trong. 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