SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR AS COMPARED TO THE METROPOLITAN AREA OF

KUALA LUMPUR IS NEWER AND MORE SUB-URBAN SET TING WITH MAJORIT Y
OF THE AREA COVERED IS RESIDENTIAL T YPOLOGIES. MOREOVER, SOUTH EAST
KUALA LUMPUR IS CONSIDERED A LOW TO MIDDLE INCOME CLASS AREA AS
CAN BE SEEN FROM THE T YPE OF RESIDENTIAL HOUSING.

Concentric
Circles

The faade of the spherical dome is arranged in various rectangular

and triangular flat surfaced shapes. It shows a contrast in
shapes and forms but the design is combined and arranged to
showcase modernistic architecture.

BANDAR TUN RAZAK

BRICKFIELDS
PUDU
CHERAS

The before renovation concave roof has minimal natural lighting

as light can only penetrate through a specific location to enter the
stadium whereas the new renovated stadium as a PVC dome roof
allows maximum natural lighting to penetrate through the roof
and enter the stadium.

HIGH DENSITY

Rectangle
Triangle

3. Repetition:

A repetition in circular shapes can be clearly seen through the

buildings plans creating 3 concentric circles. The repetition of
circles show different zoning, seating areas and pathways.
Repetition of quardrant
in both mezzanine and
lower ground floor

Repetition of
circles in
arena plan

MOSQUE

The seating spaces in the stadium is

arranged by spatial hierarchy in a
height and distance from field
orientation. The most important
spaces (VIP seats) are closer to the
field while normal seating areas are
further away.

The pattern of the housing is repeated in a

recurring and regular arrangement

Taxi
Services
Center
8. Circulation:

The arrangement of spaces creates a flowing circulation which

allows users to circulate the area in multiple routes. There are
three main routes within the stadium: public route to circulate the
seating area, performers route to prepare for performances
(stage, backstage, offices) and a route to exit the stadium.
The stadium consists of multiple exits which guarantees an orderly
exit for performers, staff and the public to exit the building.
Location of exits, entrance to stage, staircases
Circulation for people (sitting area, public areas) & performer
(stage, backstage, office, private areas)

Architect: Tay Kheng Soon

3. Unique to Whole:

The windows is placed in all direction to allow the

maximum natural light penetration.

The site is location in a dense residential areas. It is

location on a side of the hill in which the mosque
would be situated higher than the houses surrounding it. There is only one way to access the mosque
through Jalan Budiman.

6. Sun Path:

Location: Cheras

Stadium
Negara

10. Ventilation :

Before the dome renovation, the concave roofing system allows a

minimal amount of wind to enter the building through ventilation
gaps. After the suspended circular roof was added, the design
was able to overcome aerodynamic movement. Wind movement
changed from direct contact with the faade to moving over the
dome, allowing more wind to enter the stadium.
This improves the stadiums ventilation system, applying technology into architecture, giving the building its modernistic characteristics.

High-density housing is a recent phenomena

in Malaysia where the increase in land prices
requires the developer to maximize unit numbers
on a plot of land. It was also encourage by the
government with the introduction of Strata
Title Act of 1985.
Government planned to build houses for lowincome group in an urban area costing not
more than RM5,000 per house, which is already
a very low price at the time. The houses are 2 stories
and in back-to-back clusters of four units around
2.5 meter wide breezeway in the center. The
ground floor consists of a living, dining, kitchen
and bathroom. the top floor consists of two
bedrooms.
1. Balance Symmetry (Key Plan):

Building Name: Masjid Saidina Othman Ibnu Affan

Location: Bandar Tun Razak

(Retrieved from Precedents of architecture)

STADIUM

NEGARA

1960

4. Materiality:

In comparison to stadiums from the early centuries such as the

Colosseum which uses traditional materials such as bricks, cement
travertine and tuff, the stadium uses modernistic materials such as
glass, PVC, concrete and timber.
These modernistic materials give the building an overall better
context relation and different outlook portraying a unique design
in close relation to the environment characteristics.

11. Massing (in terms of volume):

After renovation from the concave roofing system to the suspended
circular dome roofing system, a vast difference in volume can be seen
and the quality of the space has improved.
The renovated stadium has a bigger volume allowing greater
natural light penetration making the building energy efficient
which gives the stadium a modernistic architectural touch.

the arrangement of the housing is equal sized

and arranged equally on either side of a central
axis. The houses are arranged in straight line
to catch the prevailing wind.

Spatial hierarchy. The articulation of different

form, size, shape and spaces of organization.

The building spaces are designed in a cubic arrangement as the

Transformation of Maybank Tower is from a simple cuboid structure

In relation to the axis, the balance of the building form is

asymmetrical in terms of elevation view and balance sym
metrical in terms of plan view.

tional branches and offices where this building serves as the

headquarters of all branches. The architecture of the building is
designed according to its main purpose which requires a large
working space. Maybank tower is built in a rectilinear and simple
form to allow maximum functionality and space efficiency having
an overall structure in which the faade aims to create an icon

The Saidina Othman Ibnu Affan Mosque was built

in 1984 and completed in 1987 and officially
opened in 1988. Saidina Othman Ibnu Affan is
one of the prophets companion and also the 3rd
Rashidun Caliph. The purpose of the mosque was
to replace the overcrowded Friday Surau Islamic
Hidayatul that had limited space and unable to
accommodate the increasing number of people
who come for prayers, especially during the
Friday prayers. So, on this basis the Saidina
Othman Mosque was proposed and later
constructed. It is one of the representations of
Modern architecture in Malaysia post-independence.
The mosques base its design with tradition
elements, such as the dome and the minarets.
However, the overall design is based on modernism style which can be clearly seen in the
simplicity of material used and ornamentation
present. Moreover, it appears symmetrical at first
glance, though it is apparently asymmetrical as
there is an added component on the left side of
the building that breaks the symmetry that it
originally possessed. The interior, like any other
mosques, has its floors covered by carpets
pointed to the Kiblah, the direction to Makkah.
The walls is covered by calligraphy from the Holy
Quran.

architectural elements in its design to portray a modernistic style.

Vertical stripped widows are repeatedly applied in the faade to

The dome represent to the heaven and the universe

in Islamic symbolism, which are vast and never-ending. Big domes are also a symbol of glory which
relates to rich Islamic history.

Architect: -

The study of sun path before designing the houses is

important and it will impact the site building through
the year. The architect fully study the sun path analysis
and position the fenestration mainly on east path to
allow maximum sunlight penetratedthrough important
area.

Architecture Style: Modernism

The buildings architecture is a modern style building which uses

Malay & Islamic culture as influence. The building includes various

2. Kiblah:

Architecture Style: Modernism

The Cheras housing unit is equal to whole as

in term of components, massing and volume.
The relationship of units to other units
and to whole are relevant as the
consideration of design strategy.

7. Building balance

building is square-like from the plan view. There is a clear separa

emphasize the height of the building. The building is constructed

using modern materials such as steel, vertical glass mullions inge
niously crafted with zig zag transfer girders in the entire structure
& faade. These elements portray a strong influence in regards to
modernistic architectural style creating an iconic building.

to an irregular geometric structure:

tion between private, semi-private and public spaces. The ground

floor consists of all spaces whereas the other floors consists of

1.Original cuboid form

semi-private and private spaces only.

2.Subtract prism from roof

Private spaces are located in the middle and edge of the building

4.Subtraction of cuboid from corner of building

while public and semi-private spaces are located around the

5.Addition of mimicked and mirrored form to the opposite faade

private space on both floors.

6.Addition of cuboid at void between the forms

Personal
workspace

Public
Usage
Main
Entrance

Personal
workspace
with public
access

Legend

From Side Elevation

1

2. User circulation:

The building has various circulation and multiple entry points for

From Plan View

8. Vertical emphasis in
line and structure
Vertical lines are used in
the buildings design and
structure as part of the
modernistic architectural
style. It uses repetition of
simple lines on its faade
to further emphasize the
buildings vertical struc
ture, making the building
an icon for modernistic
architecture.

Architecture Style: Modernism

Architect: Kisho Kurokawa and Associates
Location: Brickfields

There are 2 entry point is accessible from outside the building and

The buildings faade uses glass which allows visual contact with the context

multiple fire escape stairs which is accessible by everyone within

allowing natural light to penetrate through the building. Natural light is unable

the building.

to reach the middle section of the building while other areas are fully exposed
to natural lighting.

Circulation of Space

Administration
Main Office

Unlike most mosque, the minaret, composed of a single

tower-like structure, is actually a separate entity and
located across the street. The single minaret could
represent the oneness of God, separate from the
universe (mosque).

Main Lobby

TOWER

1987

10. Site context

Glass

Lobby

Main Entrance

The building consists of geometrical shapes: rectangles and prisms

MAYBANK

The building uses typical modernistic material such as steel, glass

and concrete. These materials create a raw, simple and elegant
faade. The materials not only play a role in design but also in
energy efficiency which portrays modern buildings.
Steel and
Concrete

3. Geometry:

7. Repetition:

9. Materiality

Sun Path
Zinc

which are combined in facades to form an overall irregular geometric

form. This expressive irregular geometric structure clearly portrays a
modernistic architecture style.

6. Axis and relation of axis to balance design:

The common area of both forms acts as the

merge point which is the central axis. The axis

The building is accessible from

multiple locations (basement car entries
& building entrances). The roads are connected
and leadto the building from all directions.
There is a nearby bus stop and lrt station which
is easy access to the building.
In comparison to the neighbouring buildings
which are shorter and smaller in size, the
Maybank Tower is an iconic modern architectural
building. The building has an irregular geometric
form, simple vertical faade and tall structure
instead of commonly found regular geometric
buildings.

Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station is located in

Brickfields, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. The station
was opened on 16 April 2001 as a transit-oriented
development together with the railway station of
Kuala Lumpur. As the largest railway station in
Malaysia, KL Sentral was built to replace the old
Kuala Lumpur railway station that functioned as
the main intercity railway station.
A plan to improve the public transportation of
Kuala Lumpur by the government was tasked as a
contract to a consortium to redefine 290,000
square metres of Kuala Lumpurs historical railway
marshalling area into an urban and modern
transportation hub development in 1994.
Malaysian Resources Corp Bhd was awarded the
consortium and the appointed architect was
Kisho Kurokawa and Associates. The architect,
who was also the mastermind behind KLIA, was
tasked to design the master plan of the entire
urban development.

is located at the midpoint of the building

indicating the buildings private space.

Rectangle
Prism

POST-INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE

4. External Circulation:

6. Architectural Style:

The Modernistic style was utilized as a part of Kuala

Lumpur just started to show up in the 1990's and
2000s, most particularly; Late Modernism and Post
Modernism. High rises, skyscrapers and approaching
structures used all glass outsides as a facade

Building Name: KL Sentral Railway Station

5. Natural Light Penetration:

Lobby and
Event Hall

The windows design are repeated on the faade of the

mosque. Repetition is a concept that is often used in
Islamic influenced architecture.

There are multiple functions of the spaces for the ground floor.

Banking Hall, Sales and

Services,
Maybank Administration

The mosque can be easily accessed from every side

of the mosque except the side where the kiblah is
facing as it is inappropriate.

2. Massing:

SENTRAL

Access for
all
personal

Public
Semi Private
Private

Function of Space

3. Approach:

1994

1. Site Context:

KL

7.Addition of cuboid between building facades

Workspace for
authorized personal

customers, employees and maintenance workers.

6. Isolation:

The site is location in a dense residential areas. It is

location on a side of the hill in which the mosque
would be situated higher than the houses surrounding it. There is only one way to access the mosque
through Jalan Budiman.

3.Addition of prism to base

which breaks away from typical British colonial architecture style.

4. Massing:

A repetition in vertical lines and triangular shapes are simple and

geometrical modernistic architecture elements which contributes
to the buildings faade..

The mosque consists of geometrical trapezoidal

main elements with an onion dome on top.
5. Dominance:

4. Transformative:

The completed 50-storey building functions as the headquarters

of one of the largest banks and financial group in MalaysiaMalayan Banking Berhad. It has multiple domestic and interna

IBNU AFFAN

HOUSING AREA

1. Spatial organization:

Architect: Hijjas Kasturi Associates & Taisei Construction Co. Ltd

Sentral Station

The new dome structure allows a decrease in energy use for elec
tricity, reducing electricity costs and fully utilizing natural resourc
es. This gives the building its modernistic building not only for its
modernized faade but also in terms of energy efficiency due to
the buildings architecture.
6. Spatial Hierarchy:

Rectangle

THE POST-INDEPENDENCE ARCHITECTURE OF SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR IS

LESS IMPRESSIVE AND GRANDEUR AS COMPARED TO THE LAVISHNESS OF
DOWNTOWN KUALA LUMPUR. THEREFORE, MOST OF THE BUILDING THERE IS
ORDINARY WITHOUT AND FEATURES THAT S STAND OUT FROM THE OTHERS.
HOWEVER, THEY DO HAVE SOME RECENT DEVELOPMENT THAT FOLLOWS
PROPER ARCHITECTURAL CONCEPT RATHER THAN BUILDING WITH AN EMPT Y
SHELL.

In comparison to nearby buildings, the stadium has an iconic

structure showcasing a modernistic circular structure with
suspended

Building Name: Menara Maybank

Location: Pudu

SAIDINA OTHMAN

Roads, accessibility, iconic building (aerodynamic), parking

1. Symmetry and Balance:

The axis of symmetry is located at the

midpoint of the stadium where the field is
located indicating the main focus of the
building. From the plan view and elevation
view of the building, the building is balance
symmetry, giving the building a simple
structure.

After

1984

4. Massing:

Kuala Lumpur Sentral Station is located in the heart

of state Wilayah Persekutuan and is also known as
the transport hub. KL Sentral Station is located in the
middle of business hub KL Sentral making it a main
point of view for any buildings around it. Buildings
around it that view the station would be such as
Hilton Hotel, Le Meridien Hotel, Nu Sentral Mall,
Malakoff Coperation Berhad, Google Malaysia, SBM
Offshore amongst many other buildings and
headquarters. Since KL Sentral Station is the hub of
most transport systems, the mass rapid systems
which spread out towards all sides of the station has
also been taken into consideration during the
building planning. Access to the building via road
vehicles has been planned to ensure a smooth
anticlockwise through a road that boundaries the
station. Also, KL Sentral Station is one of the few
buildings that are less than 5 stories high in the area,
sunlight from the east to the wet doesn't cause
direct heat and light penetration towards the station
due to the skyscrapers blocking it ensuring a more
cooler and comfortable environment for the users of
the station. .

The massing of KL Sentral Station was very simple, as

the building was to speak for itself. The initial
massing of the station was a cuboid, however with
the manipulation of organic against geometric,
Kisho Kurokawa, created the centre of the station,
along an horizontal axial, to represent wave like roof
structures and in the centre domes made out of
spheres of glass, breaking the jagged brutality of the
station. Not only were the domes a break in the
wave, however the wave was slightly deformed to
create openings, that would help with the entering
of light into the station. The station is an iconic
building in KL Sentral as it looks as what its to
represent; organisation and repetition. The massing
of the station is mostly symmetrical in aspects such
as the plan of the station, as well as the elevation of
each side (facade). The organisation between
shoplots in the plan are amplified to look repetitive
giving the impression of organisation, just like the
activities that go on in the station (a train schedule).

5. Internal Circulation:

3. Organization of Space:

Upon entering KL Sentral Station from either one of

the four main entrances (one from Jalan Bangsar,
other three from Jalan Stesyen Sentral), lead the
users towards the centre caused by the axial plan
and arrangement of blocks that makes an asymmetrical balance. Once in the centre of the station,
branched circulation is used to lead to entrances to
enter train lines of the KTM, LRT and KLIA Express are
located both on the right and left, making congestion during peak times less and increases a smoother flow for the users. Shops in the station are located
at the back, to avoid clashes between circulation of
leisure users and rush users).

Upon entering KL Sentral Station, users can enter the station

either from land entrances from Jalan Stesyen Sentral or
enter by escalator from NU Sentral Mall. Upon entering,
signage is located at every point of the station to improve
direction quality of the flow between space, movement and
the user. Once in the centre of the station, branched
circulation is used to lead to entrances to enter train lines of
the KTM, LRT and KLIA Express are located both on the right
and left, making congestion during peak times less and
increases a smoother flow for the users. Shops in the station
are located at the back, to avoid clashes between circulation
of leisure users and rush users.

3. Zoning (Ground Floor):

3. Zoning (First Floor):

6. Circulation (First Floor):

This started to develop all through the city and

reflecting in KL Sentral Station. The station, designed
by renewed Japanese architect Kisho Kurokawa, was
built using materials that were commonly used in
modernist architecture such as glass and metals such
as steel. This was the influence he brought from the
modern take in Japan and the influences from his
designs in other parts of the world such as China, USA,
Australia and Netherlands. The bare modernist feel can
be seen when inside the station through the metal
bars leading towards the top of the roof in a series of
connections through weldings and secured with bolts
to ensure safety. Instead of concrete, the same rods
used for columns were reflected in the beams to create
a sense of repetition and harmony through the whole
station. The most integral element present in the
railway station is the opening in the centre of the
station. The opening on the roof, supported by steel
beams, allows ample sunlight to enter the large station
providing the station with reduced cost for lighting
and also a sense of openness upon the interior of the
station. As the roof of the station is evidently high, the
amount of light entered is also increased. Also, the
columns and beams are important elements of the
railway station. The columns supporting the roofs
functions to create an open space instead of using
supporting walls to cover up the entire faade and
interior.

7. Sun Path:

Building Name: Hospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia

Architecture Style: Modernism
Architect: Location: Bandar Tun Razak

Architect: Hijjas Kasturi Associates

Semi Private

Location: Brickfields

Private

HUKM is part of a medical complex areas which is connected to

the main road, Jalan Yaacob Latif. The medical complex is
composed of several other building such as Molecular Medicine
Institution & Medicine Faculty of UKM. Moreover, there are a total
of 4 large parking lots surrounding the hospital for easy access.
2. Clustered Organization of Space:

At the time, only three universities in Malaysia had

medical schools; which were University of Malaya (UM),
University Sains Malaysia (USM) and University
Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). Of the three, only UKM
lacked its own teaching hospital for its medical school.

Hospital University Kebangsaan Malaysia based its

design with major emphasis on functionality and
practicality. It does not have any unique appeal in its
aesthetic as compared to more contemporary architectural design. The overall organization of form is
composed of geometric blocks positioned in seemingly
arbitrary order. The roof is made of pyramidal shapes
which is suitable in Malaysias climate.

1. Site Context:

Architecture Style: Modernism

In the beginning of 1990, one of the main problems

faced by the public health and medical sector in
Malaysia was the shortage of human resources, namely
doctors and nurses. The shortage of doctors was
particularly severe in the rural areas.

Ultimately, UKM held its education and training at the

Kuala Lumpur Hospital (HKL) but was unable to
properly carry out the education due to the high
healthcare demands in HKL.
In 1990, the Faculty of Medicine made a decision to
allocate the educational agendas of the UKM Medical
Department with its own teaching hospital. On the 1st
of July 1997, the construction of Hospital University
Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM) was completed and was
fully operational by 14th July 1998.

Building Name: Menara Telekom

Public

HUKM

Careful consideration throughout the planning of KL Sentral

and KL Sentral Station was done to create a smooth pattern
in and out / to and from the station. Vehicular transport
using roads can enter and exit from three main highway
points that include entry point A, Jalan Mahameru, entry
point B Jalan Istana and entry point C Jalan Bangsar via Jalan
Tun Sambathan.
Entry point A, leads the direction of users entering from
Sultan Iskandar Highway that merges onto Jalan Mahameru
that leads into the site. Users that use this route are usually
coming from areas such as Sentul, Bukit Damansara, Batu
Caves, etc. Entry point B, leads the direction of users entering
from Jalan Istana that again leads into the site. Users that use
this route are usually coming from areas such as Cheras,
Kajang, etc. Finally, Entry point C, leads the direction of users
entering from Jalan Bangsar via Jalan Tun Sambathan that
merges onto site. Users that use this route are usually
coming from areas such as Brickfields, Bangsar, Subang Jaya,
Sunway, etc.

1997

1. Site Context:

(Ground floor and First floor)

The organization of space are places in a seemingly random
order and sizes as can be seen from the first two floors. However,
it is known that rooms that are placed closer to the entrance (lift)
are for emergency uses. For instance, observation ward and
radiology spaces are positioned closer to entrance to allow
easier and efficient access. The sizes of each spaces are depended on the functionality of it.

As compared to the ground floors accessibility, the first floor is

much more limited in accessibility. There are no spaces, aside
from the surau (prayers area), that allow access to the public.

First Floor:
D = Kitchen
E = Logistics Department
F = Lecturers quarters
G = Delivery room

Ground Floor:
A = Specialized elevator
B = Ambulance parking
C = Restricted area only to be used by authorised staff.
Majority of the spaces on the ground floor are semi-public areas
that are only open to a select few visitors, particularly close
relatives and family members, as well as the patients.
The public only have access to a few places. These places include
the two cafeterias, one located north, the other located at the
visitors lobby. The only other places that can be accessed by the
public would be the three elevators spread around the building.
The entrance at the main lobby is sometimes closed off but
visitors would still be able to access the area via the visitors
lobby.

Unlike the ground floor, public access on the first floor is very
limited. The only areas open to public are the elevators and the
surau (prayers area).
Rooms on the first floor mostly consist of clinics that are
restricted to public access and are only open to patients when
called. Clinics placed on the first floor are of less priority when
compared to those on the ground floor. The remaining spaces
would only be accessed by authorised staff.

There are very limited private areas (areas only to be accessed by

authorised personnel) on the ground floor, mostly consisting of
payment counters and medicinal storage rooms.

The Delivery room (G) is placed alongside the Operation Theatre

and all spaces regarding Obstetric and Genealogy (OG) are
clumped closely together for easier access.

As for the emergency rooms, it can be seen that the emergency

treatment area is strategically placed nearby the rooms that are
related, such as the radiology spaces as well as the observation
ward. This allows easier access and is more time efficient
regarding the movement of patients requiring emergency
treatment. The observation wards are spaces used to house
patients while they wait for admittance. Patients in the observation ward, if necessary, would be brought to the upper floors
through elevator A. Elevator A is different from the other
elevators as of the six available, two are only to be used by the
staff.

The kitchen (D) and Logistics Department (E) are placed on the
first floor due to the inclined road that UKM was built on. This
allows road access for staff in the Logistics Department as well as
delivery vehicles for the kitchen.

Aside from the

semi-public
spaces, visitors
are allowed
access to the
whole floor.

5. Circulation (Ground Floor):

Even the patients access is limited on the first floor as some

sections are closed off and are only allowed access to authorised
staff.
7. Emergency Circulation:

One major part of the

hospital design is the
consideration towards
emergency situation. The
hospital contains another
special entrances in the
ground floor for emergency
purposes which connects
to the emergency ward. It is
also next to the elevator
which gives easier and
efficient access to higher
floors.

Architecturally Malaysia is enriched with various

influences around the world such as Malay Islamic,
Mughal, British Colonial, and Asian however the city s
architectural transformation was at its peak after
independence in 1957. Kuala Lumpur being the
country s capital had major transformation as new and
bold forms of building started painting the skyline. A
per fect example of a prominent sky scrapper that
fabricated the nations modern architecture would be
the Menara Telekom ( TM Tower Headquarters).
Located in Bangsar Baru , Federal Territory of Kuala
Lumpur, Malaysias largest Telecommunication company in the country and second largest in South East
Asia, placed 71st on the global ranking and the 3rd
tallest skyscraper in Malaysia is the Telekom Tower
also known as The Bamboo Tower (Council on Tall
Buildings and Urban Habitat 2016). This remarkable
architecture style was built in 1998 and finished in
2001, which is 310 metres tall with a spiral form that
builds up and rises along the east and west axis.
The building is intended to extend the growth of new
investment especially in ICT so more MSC Malaysia
companies can look toward the building as a possible
base of operations.
Designed by the
father of Malaysian architecture
of the second
half of the
twentieth
century Architect Hijjas in
which the
special curvilinear structure
that was inspired
by the Pucuk-Rebung , which
portrays a young
bamboo with
stronger foundations at its root
and little leaves
sprouting out
reaching the
lights, by the
Malaysian
sculptor Latiff
Mohudin, is a
unique symbolization of
Malaysia.

TELEKOM

TOWER

1994

The Telekom Tower is built in a strategic location

where the south faade is facing the federal Highway
and the north side is the Pantai river as the boundary.
Surrounding the Tower are high rise residential
buildings and for maximum security assurance for the
tower the Pantai Police station is placed right behind
the building. On the west side is the multi-purpose
hall and mosque whilst on the east site an auditorium
is located. The Telekom tower contrasts and stands out
in terms of style and height as it has a unique curving
architecture style compared to the homogenous block
building around it.
2. Massing:
PLAN TO SECTION AND ELEVATION

Diagram shows the east -west section and north-south

section of the Telekom Tower which shows the combination of high technology nature with a functional yet
organic workplace. As said before the tower was
influenced by a sketch done by a Malaysian sculptor
and painter Latiff Mohidin called Pucuk Rebung. It
symbolises a bamboo with its solid root anchored and
its new sprout shooting up from the earth as it is
anxious to reach the light and the beauty of an
unfurling leaf. The intention of the architect Hijjas
Kasturi can be clearly seen as he intended to create an
Intelligent Building that has minimal environmental
impact that harmonises with the natural environment
and rigged with innovative technologies such as
flexible and environmentally-friendly air conditioning
system under-floor (Hiross Flexible Space System). This
thus ties back to the Hijjas Kasturis significance in
curved forms to achieve greater depiction.

CITATION:

3. Organization of Space:

Revolving around the 55 floors and the offices are

located on the northern and southern sides linearly
linked with central cores in the middle and this space
is arranged carefully in order to boost the employees
per formance, creativity and give a sense of comfort.
Beginning from largest floor areas and column free
spaces which is the lower office allows maximum
flexibility and these spaces are designed to gain
maximum amount of natural sunlight and fresh air
that provides a well ventilated environment. The Sky
gardens which is a large open space terraced garden
have been placed in every 3 floors increasing upwards
as the employees leisure area. As the height of the
tower increases the area of the floor plates decreases
thus giving a various floor planning options yet
maintaining a high standard of flexible and comfortable space. As the design diminishes the floor size as
it moves upwards, the lower floors can be occupied by
more people as its open to the public whilst the upper
floors are more private opened to smaller important
group of people of the company.

4. Internal Circulation:

6 Architectural Style:

Building Name: Hospital Rehabilitasi Cheras

3. Ground Floor Plan:

Architecture Style: Modernism

Outdoor Garden green

space that had been
designed for relaxing,
enjoying and social
purposes.

Architect: Location: Cheras

An initiative by the Ministry of Health, Malaysia

Managed by JKR (Public Works Department)
Design built by private construction company
(Konsortium Gadang Perembun)

5. External Circulation:

In conclusion to sum up the Telekom Tower

is an example of modern architecture in
Malaysia as it represents our nations
heritage with the personal touch of symbolism and form from bamboo shoot, inspired
by the Pago-Pago, a series of paintings by
Malaysian artist Latiff Mohidin where the
modern movement in architecture in
Malaysia after independence changes from
functional design to symbolic design. Not
only that the sudden growth of modern
technologies has opened doors of opportunity to building construction technologies
thus discovering new construction methods.
The material that played a main role in the
overall form of the tower is concrete as it
allows design forms to be built without
being structurally insecure. The unexpected
yet modern part of the tower is the sky
garden that is located at every 3 storey
intervals on both end of the skyscrapers in
which Hijjas Kasturi explains the addition of
the garden softens the tower s faade and
act as living filters of high temperature and
sunlight. Therefore, all these small characteristic is what classifies the Telekom Tower as
Modern Malaysian Architecture.capacity and
reduced the time taken for traveling from
floor to floor. The whole building has 18
double decker lifts divided between three
zones each with specified locations

On the site of 3.07 hectares is where the Telekom Tower is located, which is ideal as its just a
few kilometres from the Petronas Tower. The south facade faces the Federal Highway while
the northern boundary of the site is the Pantai River which has suitable profound landscaping possibility. When planning the mass rapid transit system which follows the back bone of
the Federal Highway was taken into consideration. Linked on the eastern side to the pedestrian bridge is the Kerinchi LRT Station that provides accessibility to and back from KL Central
and other areas thus reducing traffic. Entry and exit to the site are at the north east and
north west from Pantai Baru Road. Traffic is estimated to dissipate quickly due to various
optional destinations plus the two levels of drop-off which is covered and has direct access
to a secure executive lounge. A smooth anti clockwise transport traffic access was ensured to
and from the site.

2) Core Rehabilitation Services:

-The core rehabilitation services is mainly focus on Rehabilitation Medicine
Consultation Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Speech Therapy and
many.
3) Outpatient and Community Based Services:
-For the outpatient and community based services are mainly focusing on
Rehabilitation Specialist Clinics, Complementary Medicine, Daycare Services,
Home Based Care and many.
1. Sun Path:
The sun path position is an important
consideration while designing a hosbpital
building. There are more fenestration
located at the east side of the building
to allow maximum natural light penetration
through the building.

2. Zoning:
This is the zoning part of Rehabilitation
Hospital which is located in Cheras. The
total area of the Rehabilitation Hospital
is 39.1 arces. The health clinic consist of
5 acres while MOH staff quartes consist
of 6 acres. The total site area is 50.1 acres.

REHABILITATION

INNOVATIVE IN DESIGN
KNOWLEDGE IN LOCALITY AND LATEST TRED
OPULENT IN IMAGE
NEXUS IN CONNECTING AND LINKING COMMUNITIES TOGATHER
-

Outdoor spaces that had

been designed for
exercises and creating
activities for users.
.

( Plan of washroom ventilation )

( source : Ikon Connaught )
Ventilation system should be involved in design consideration
while designing a shopping complex. From the diagram, the
exhaust fan is connected to the end of exhaust air grille to ensure

The ground floor plan layout clearly show the division of the
spaces of the hospital. The architect divided the zoning of
the hospital into 3 parts.
In the main structure
consist of speacialist
clinicss and out-patient
pharmacy. Therapy
garden located in the
middle of each building
clearly shows the flexible
use of spaces in terms of
operational efficiencies
and patient convenience.

In the south part of the

building mainly consist of
wards and therapy
garden. The architect
purposely design the
wards and therapy garden
at southeast part due to
the consideration of
shallow space planning in
term of natural daylighting, natural ventilation,
views out from the wards
and integration with
outdoor spaces to allow
the patient to have better
spatial experiences.

( source : Ikon Connaught )

Circulation system is an important consideration to allow
user travel from one space to the other space. Escalators
are installed in Ikon Connaught to allow shoppers navi-

entered from other spaces.

Building Name: Ikon Connaught

Architecture Style: Post-Modernism
Architect: Spark Architects

Physical Therapy

Location: Cheras
Interactive spaces which
built to allow users to
communicate amongst
each other.

( Source : Ikon Connaught )

CREATIVE OPENING FLOOR POINT WHICH MAKE USE OF SMALL AND
ENCLOSED SPACE WHICH COVER WITH WALLS.

( Source : Ikon Connaught )

THE CENTRAL ATRIUM AT THE CENTRE POINT OF THE FIRST FLOOR
PLAN OF THE IKON CONNAUGHT WHICH USE TO ATTRACT USERS
AS WELL AS SHOWS THE CONTRAST OF THE SPACES .

GROUP PUDU

LU CHIAO ER
MADELINE LIEW ZHI QI
MELANIE SOON YU XIN
MELVYN POH ERN MENG
MICHELLE WONG SOOK YIN

( Source : Ikon Connaught )

WELL PLANNING DIFFERENT SIZE OF SPACES IN THE PLAN USED FOR
DIFFERENT PURPOSES

Interactive Spaces

FREE FORM DESIGN

ELEVATION

5. Design Consideration:
Central Atrium is
designed at the centre of
the building and act as a
focus point to allow the
poeple to gather.

5 storey of offices

( The location of hose real at Lower Ground Level )

( source : Ikon Connaught )

Insulated Walls is built to

cover up the spaces in the
building. Besides that it
also helps to ensure the
privacy of users.

Central Atrium

( Source : Ikon Connaught )

DIFFERENT IDENTICAL SPACES ON BOTH SIDE OF A
CENTRAL LINE

hose. During emergency, the system pressure will activated and pump

0326947
0322150
0322327
0322653
0322362

GROUP BANDAR TUN RAZAK

MUHAMMAD A'AMEER BIN MOHD

MUHAMMAD FAIDH BIN MOHAMAD
MUHAMMAD MIRZA QAYYUM
MUHAMMAD NAZMI
MUHAMMAD SHEIK IRFAAN YADUN

GROUP CHERAS

NEVILLE GEOFFREY SOMI

NG JER VAIN
NG JI YANN
NG KWANG ZHOU
NURUL SHAHIRA BINTI MUHAMMAD
ONG JIE EN

GROUP BRICKFIELDS

HOSPITAL

2008

IKON CONNAUGHT IS A SHOPPING COMPLEX LOCATED AT CHERAS AREA WHICH

DESIGNED BY SPARK ARCHITECTS THAT SEEKS TO DEVELOP A LIFESTYLE DESTINATION
WITH AN NEIGHBOURHOOD SCALE IN TERMS OF LEVEL OF QUALITY , INFLUENCE AND
VIBRANCY OF A CENTRE CITY DESTINATION.

CONNAUGHT

Landscape Therapy

1) Inpatient Services:
-There are a total of 166 beds in the hospital
-The services included Trauma, Stroke, Spinal Cord Injury ,Orthopaedics and
many.
-The sizes of the Independent Living is around 5 studio units

TUTOR: MS SHIRIN NAMAVAR

Ikon Connaught

IKON

There are total of 3 main service provided in the Rehabilitation Hospital, Cheras
which is Inpatient Services , Core Rehabilitation Services and Outpatient and
Community Based Services.

The tower s unique circulation is carefully planned to

accommodate the busy office environment and help
employees to move from space to space while interacting with the environment. The main entrance on
the ground floor leads the user to the interior and a
large brightly lit area is ascertained. An elliptical entry
lobby leads down to a loft of lobby and shops. The
double escalators guide the users going one floor
down where a double decker lift can be accessed to
bring them up to odd numbered floors to go one floor
up a spiral staircase is provided. One of the earliest
structures that uses the 6-star double decker vertical
lift transportation system is the TM Tower as it increases the passenger capacity and reduced the time taken
for traveling from floor to floor. The whole building
has 18 double decker lifts divided between three
zones each with specified locations

2014

4. Key Environment:

1. Saidina Othman
ibn Affan Mosque 1.Stadium Negara
2. HUKM
2. Maybank Tower

The stadiums architecture is a modern style building which incorporates a variety of geometric shapes and forms as part of the buildings
modern design. Geometrical shapes such as triangular shapes, circular forms, lines are combined together as part of the faade and structure of the building. This makes the building a combination of various
contrasting shapes. It also uses modern material, especially glass,
which gives clear context with the outer environment, giving it a
modern touch to the additional dome which comes in par with the
implemented technology to improve energy efficiency.

Rectangle

Small
Segments
that
completes
the circle

Before

1.Original circular form

2.Addition of dome in hemisphere form
3.Subtract circular shape from hemisphere dome
4.Addition of rectangular forms on circular side

1967

1. Site Context:

1. KL Sentral
2. Telekom Tower

After being officially opened to the public in, the stadium was recognized as a fascinating monument and iconic modernistic architectural
building. The stadium is used as a platform mainly for local and international sports event. In the later years, the stadium was utilized as a
gathering spot for cultural shows, concerts, corporate events, exhibitions and indoor games. Being able to hold a large crowd and have
proper circulation in terms of proximity is the main purpose of the
buildings design. The stadium is built in a manner which brings out a
modernistic architectural structure which is iconic in Malaysia.

Sun Path

The building is accessible from multiple exits allowing a crowd of

people to enter and exit the building at a rapid pace. The main
road leads to the stadiums parking and entrances connecting
both places.

5. Fenestration:

1. Cheras Housing
2. Rehabilitation
Hospital Cheras
3. Ikon Connaught

Location: Pudu

A circular geometric shape is the most significant shape used to

design this building. Its spherical faade shapes the building in a
unique way bring about a unique icon for modern architecture.
The building is built up from concentric rings, giving the building
its identity in the shape of a spherical dome.

Transformation of Stadium Negara is from a simple circular form

to a dome-like structural form

2. Repetition:

WITH AUTHORIZATION

Architect: Sir Stanley Edward Jewks

9. Site Context:

PUBLIC

Architecture Style: Modern Expressionism

7. Transformation: subtractive & additive:

5. Natural light penetration:

2. Geometry:

WITH AUTHORIZATION

KUALA LUMPUR

Building Name: Stadium Negara

PUBLIC

SOUTH EAST

ONG VON WAN

PAU JIN WEI
PHARES PHUNG CHIMENG
PREMDYL SINGH SHADAN
PRITIKA A/P RAMA MOHAN
QUAH KENG YEW

0322891
0323712
0324031
0322251
0319353

0317780
0326969
0323713
0322802
0326500
0323835

0323364
0323840
0323554
0321979
0327039
0322893

5 storey of shop lots

(Source : Ikon Connaught )

and it used to block the open area so that the smoke is easier

Insulated Walls
THE ELEVATION OF THE BUILDING SHOWN THE UNIQUE MASSING OF POST MODERN
ARCHITECTRUE STYLE .EACH LEVEL OF THE FLOORING IS DISTRIBUTED EQUALLY AND THE
MATERIAL IS MAINLY USED BY ALUMINIUM, GLASS AND STEEL

THE DIFFERENT FROM OF DESIGN INSPIRATION IS ADDED IN TO CREATE AN ATTENTION POINT

TO USER

SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . EDITED BY NAZMI :) SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR . SOUTH EAST KUALA LUMPUR .

AND MORE

CITATION:

Services | UKM Specialist Centre (UKMSC). (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.ukm(n.d.). Telekom Malaysia Berhad New Headquarters | Cross-section of the tower base showing alternation of sky gardens
sc.com.my/?page_id=173
between east and west faade every third floor | Archnet. Retrieved October 03, 2016, from http://archnet.org/sites/5134/meHospital Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (HUKM). (2008, May). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from https://www.jica.go.jp/en- dia_contents/38700
glish/our_work/evaluation/oda_loan/post/2008/pdf/e_project32_full.pdf
Lai, C. K. (2007). Building Merdeka: Independence archi-tecture in Kuala Lumpur, 1957-1966. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia:
Lady Mate, (Photographer). (2011, June 2). HUKM [digital image]. Retrieved from https://searchforjr.files.wordPetronas.
press.com/2011/06/hukm_front.jpg?w=300&h=199
Stadium Negara, Kuala Lumpur. (n.d.). Retrieved September 29, 2016, from http://www.asianarchitecture.in-fo/BuildMasjid Saidina Othman Ibnu Affan. (2009). Retrieved September 27, 2016, http://ii.islam.gov.my/mosque/deing/193/Stadium-Negara.php
tailed.php?id=3044
Architecture E-Portfolio. (n.d.). Retrieved September 30, 2016, from http://archinicole.blogspot.my/p/architec-ture-and-nahttp://ii.islam.gov.my/mosque/images/img/3044-05_masjid_saidina_othman_ibn_affan_bandar_tun_razak__zone_5_.jpeg tion-building.html
Menara Telekom. (n.d.). Retrieved October 03, 2016, from https://en.wikiarquitectura.com/index.php/Menara_Telekom
Heritage of Malaysia. (n.d.). Retrieved November 16, 2015, from http://charlie- chew.wix.com/architec-ture#!heritage-of-maB. (n.d.). Menara Telekom Tower 3D Modeling. Retrieved October 03, 2016, from https://www.behance.net/gallaysia/c1u4r
lery/21057909/Menara-Telekom-Tower-3D-Modeling
Asian Architecture Info, (2016). Menara Maybank, Kuala Lumpur. Retrieved September 30, 2016, from http://www.asianarchiMenara TM - The Skyscraper Center. (n.d.). Retrieved October 03, 2016, from https://skyscrapercenter.com/buildtecture.info/Building/189/Menara-May-bank.php
ing/menara-tm/453
Open Buildings (n.d.) Maybank Tower, Kuala Lumpur Retrieved September 30, 2016 from http://openbuild-ings.com/buildOur Headquarters. (n.d.). Retrieved October 03, 2016, from https://www.tm.com.my/AboutTM/OurHeadquarters/Pagings/maybank-tower-kuala-lum-pur-profile-9616
es/Home.aspx