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    Analisis de Crudos PDF

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    Pako Rosas

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    SPE 23696 Heavy Organic Deposition and Plugging of Wells (Analysis of Mexico's Experience) J.Escobedo and G.A. Mansoori, University of iinois SPE Members Capa 802, ety Petru Engr, ne ‘i pape at pent at Sain Lan Anan Pte Egan Coro, ILAPEC he Sosy of Pablo Eg ln Cara, Veil, Mach Peta Eng, Pema to cpy mabe one tne ay wr he ae pom vt moe ta 20 woe ‘The pipeline transportation of petroleum fMuide can be significantly affected by flocculation, deposition, and plugging of ssphaltene, paralfin/wex, and/or dlamondold in the transfer pipelines, tubulars, pumps, and other equipment. The economic |mplications of the problem of heavy organic depositions in such ‘processes are tremendous. In this report Mexico's experience withthe pipeline plugging due to heavy organic deposition is reviewed and analysed based on the ‘present state of knowledge. The modeling bass ofa comprehensive estimation and prediction lechnique is presented. This technique is based on observed field and laboratory data statistical mechanical theories, polydisperse polymer solution theory, continuous ‘thermodynamic, electrokinetcs and transport phenomena, colloidal solution theory, and the FRACTAL aggregation theory INVLKODUCTION ‘A number of problems could arise during the production of petroleum which would drastically Increase the production costs ‘Among these, wax deposition due to a drop in temperature, and asphaltene deposition due to a variety of causes, inthe production tubing strings are the prominent problems [1-4]. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the behavior of heavy organics under vatiove operating conditions, An ultimate goal ie fo. pct whether ‘organic deposition will take place, and to be able to avoid getting to ‘he onset of organic deposition region. References and ilustrations at end of paper a ep ny ig de td ed td 9 es od em he SPE and an aaj comcion ya ar Thema os red dvs hl acetyl focten ‘a mes Larec oy oe, ener, wren, Paper pretan SPE mewtgn Hema aon mt itt Comma Sooty nop tt be cpa Th sec shut coma cope Surveys of fleld experiences (5-71 indicate that asphaltene is average molecular weight of asphaltene particles a a given resin concentration (CR). For calculation of density, average molecular weight of asphaltene, and growing size of asphaltene, the ASPHRAC database and computer package can be applied to the flowing oil ‘mixture. By calculating the density, viscosity, average molecular 356 SPE 23696 Welght of asphaltene particles, and growing size of asphaltene particle, we are able to examine the effect of streaming potential on the aneet of anphaltone flocculation for a reservoir ful at diffrent conditions of temperature, pressure and compositions, The eect of the generated streaming. potential on the onset of asphaltene flocculation can be examined for different values of Ugyg, dh and k. By defining 7, eg FEF @ lagu te ip 79 could be plod {7 node oy the canton of In ifewrt dopnton replone of mphaee Decco fr iret conpotien, empertes ad resis Fees 79 pean ath pane ocenton pou repo above ltd n at peed encanta inecan i, Peneconpetn P) pn ate oto tiple foclton for miturs of ere al and wine Anjectants are also shown in Figures 7 through 9. The predicted onset inl on (or Mil wh rat of mle cat Bald terse ih cenng epee However te vain wrung nd bn eny partet fore tintin af he tepid ote geeedscaning pti dwt fw of States puree Tor thelial ean ym of Pgs 7 he loving courte braid: (Bow he ate pi re of mrs Se maga generated seaming, potanial decrease wh increasing Iemperatre Ate the ute pat pene of tres ef eo ted min tt the mapade of pevened seeming pote nave wth nein epee, GO Teepe fee seming poten theconputon naan isl nec ld ne {i Bowe ul pon pene of mitre of ec end rhe npcn, tn magne ot pred ereming porte incase withmceasngcomposton of mile ct fe tome Abeta pwr ofan fu ne tice nun the mug geared teaming poll Gnreate wh zngcmpston of mise inject of te nine Simiar asian be performed for Mescan crude ater scorpio enced rearing he conde (welsh piped ude cnet, ONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS In hl reper the phenomene of organic depeain and plgging of wells experened in Mexico are analysed based on our present state of knowidge, According 1 this analynis there exist 9 wide range of problems to be addressed before one can make «definite recommendation about the preventive step that must be taken in order fo avoid deposition and plugging. n order to perform a systematic analysis ofthe problem and come up wih ong lasting J.Escobedo and G.A. Mansoori, 987 solution to Ht the following stages of work are necessary to be completed: ‘)_Callection and completion of data: This tvalves collection and analysis of the avallable data in the literature about ‘portiular rude ol, thelr contents thelr Bohavir, and other Buide ‘resent inthe reservoir. It is also necessary to compile and analyze ‘the available field date for production, transportation, and processing ofthat crude solong asthe organic deposition is concerod. ‘GQ Laboratory characterization of crude: In order to understand the conditions under which heavy organics will deposi fom a crude {ts necessary to perform a thorough characterization of that crude coming out of different oll reservoirs. This will include gus chromatography (GC), liquid chromatography (HPLC), gel permeation chromatography (GPO. onset of deposition tration. molecular weight measurements, C,- fraction characterization, and ater analyal measurements i) Analyals of the collected and measured data: The data compile in part) above and the data produced inthe laboratory in part Gi above must be compared and analyzed from the point of view of consistency and completeness. This will establish the ponsbilty ofthe existence of gaps in the data compiled and it wal suggest posible new measurements ofthe data, dv) Simulation and madilling of heavy organics deoalton Results of the above three parts will give us the necessary tools and Information for simtilaton modelling of arganle deposition from & crude oil at different cases. This will include simulation and _modeling required for well and retervoirstnlaton, gue Injection and reinjection into the reservot, pipeline transport of crude and ts ‘tending with other rues oF solvents, proces of cue olin the refinery and upgrading of the heavy ends, and characterization of ‘heavy organics and slid deposit produced in the refinery. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS: The authors would lke to thank Dr's A. (C-Marcu, LLC. Dominguez, and FG. Hemandez for providing ‘hem with iterature and Information. This research is supported in [part the United Nations Development Program and in part by Inatituto Mexicano del Petrolo. ‘REFERENCES 1st, CE. and Tair, M, “A Prati Soliton to the Aaphalene Deposits Hist Mesaoud Fie Alger, SPT PP 387391, Ap. 196, 2. Leas, PM, Here, Ly “Bc and other fic etd to the formation and prevention of asphaltene deposition problem in Venezuc'; SPECS, 1975 2 Adal 8: "ivetigation af physical and chemical rte at related to the prevention tothe prevention of sph! depolion tm ot wel binge; M.S Dimeration then, Imperial Clee, London Univers, 1982 4 Kawanala $; Leona, KJ; Park, SJ. and Manson, GA, 10 “Thermodynamic and Colloldal Models of Asphaltene ‘ooculation’, in “Oil Fleld Chemistry” ACS Symposium Series No. 396, Chapter 24, American Chemical Society, Washington, Dc. 1969 5. Chaver, AL, and Lory, M.A. “Estudio sobre la depositacion del 1ateral organic en instalaciones de produccon del area marina de Campeche’: Revista del Instituto Mexicano det Petrleo. val. MIL 1, January-March 1991 6 Garcia HLF, Sllva LP, Loper AN: "Cruse que Originan Ia Depositacion del Material Asaltico en pozoa del area Cretacica ‘Chiapas Tabasco" Revieta del Inotituto Mexicano del Petroteo, P1725, sept 1989, 7. Leontarii, Ki, and Mansoor, C-A. “Aophaltene Deposition: A survey of Feld Experiences and Research Approaches, journal of Petroleum Scence and Engineering. Vol. 1 pp.229-239, 1988 8.Garda H.F, “Estudio Sobre el Control de la Depositacion (Organica en Pozos del Area Cretaica Chiapas Tabasco (Metodo ‘Correctivoy", Revista de Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo, pp 3%- 2, yuly 1988, 9. Tats, ELN, "Olfelds ofthe Worl, pp 330:341,1986, 10. Attumiranc, }Jy Fores, MA, Pe, ©, Panivino, Ny Areas, Cy Kapellmann, G, Lopez, M.T, Espinosa, 5. Rosales, 5: "Caracteizacion fsico-quimica de asphaltenos procafentes de Jos crudos Maya ¢ Istmo; Revisa del Institulo Mexicano del Petrleo, pp 32-4, vol XVII, 2, 1986 11. Dustan, ALE, Nath, AW, Brooks, BIT, Tizard, Sir HT, "The ‘Science of Petroleum’, Uxiord Uni. Pres, PP 8675, 1938. 12.Manriguez, L; Moreno, A. Anaya, CG: "Assays for important ‘mexican rudes updated" OC], March, 1991, 13. Ot and Gas Journal, Data Book, pp 65-66, 1990 A.Conulich, MA, Instituto Mexicano del Petroleo (Private communication). 15.Patk, SJ. and Mansoor G.A. "Aggregation and Deposition of Heavy Organics In Petroleum Crudes', International Journal of Energy Sours, Vol IU, pp.1+125, 1985. 16.Park, SJ. and Mansoori, G.A, “Orgaine Deposition from Heavy Peucleum Cruses(A FRACTAL Aggregaions Theury Appronth”, Proceedings ofthe UNITAR/UNDF 4th International Conference ‘on Heavy Cruden and Tar Sande, Edmonton, Alera, Avgust 1988, ¥7.Da Gurman, M; Dominguez, EJM. Garda, EJL: "Estudio termogravimetrico de wn stfalteno’; Revista del. Instituto Mexicano del Petrleo, yo XVIL No.3, July 1985. 18. Leontarta, KJ. and Mansoor, CA, “Agphaltene Rocculation During Of Recovery and Processing. A Thermodynamic\Coloidal Model", SPE Papert16258, Proceedings of the 1987 SPE Symposium on Oil Field. Chemistry, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, 1987. 19.Ray, RB, Witherspoon, P-A, and Grim, RE: “A study ofthe colloidal characteristic of petroleum using the ultracentrie’, J of Phys. Chem. 61, pp 12961302, 1957, 20, Addison, GE, “dentlcation and Treating of Downhole Organic Deposits’, Paper SPE 18894, Presented at the 1989 Production ‘Operations Symposium, Okishoma City, OK, pp 627-632 Heavy Organic Deposition and Plugging of Wells 958 SPE 23696 21, Mansoori, GA. and Jiang, TS. “Asphaltene Deposition and its Role in Enhanced Oil Recovery Miscible Gas Flooding” , Proceedings of the the 3rd European Conference on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Rome, Italy, April 1985. 22. Mansoori, GA, Jang, TS, and Kawanaka, §, “Aephaltene Deposition and its Role in Petroleum Production and Processing’, ‘Arabian I Science & Engineering. Vol12- pp. 17-34. 1988. 23.Lichaa, PM, “Asphaltene Depotition Problem in Venezuela crudes = unege of aephaltence in emulsion stability’, Can. Pet Technology, J June) Oi and Sands, pp 69-424,1977. 2.Park, 8]; "A thermodynamic Polydisperse polymer model: Asphaltene Flocculation, Aggregation and Deposition”; PAD ‘Thesis, University of Hlinols at Chkcago, 1909. 25.Siiva, LP. and Garda, HF., “Estudio sobre el control de ta depositacion organica en pozoe del area crotacica Chiap ‘Tabasco’, Proyecto D-3124, Informe de avance, Div. Produecion, Sub. de Te. Explotacion. IMP. Sep. 1968. 26.Newbery, ME and Barker, KM; ‘Formation damage prevention through the control of paraffin and asphaltene ‘deposition’ paper SPEN 13796,1985. 27-Kim, 8..; Boudh- Hir, ME. and Mansoorl, G.A, “The Role of ‘Asphattene in Wetrabilty Reversal, Froceedings of the 1990 ‘Annual Convention of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE Paper No. 20700. 28. Mansoor! A, “Asphaltene Depoaltion: An Economie Challenge in Heavy Petroleum Crude Utlization and Processing” , OPEC Review, pp. 103-113, 1988. 29, Leontarts, KJ}; Kawanaka, S. and Mansoor, G.A, "Descriptive ‘Accounts of Thermodynamic and Colloidal Models of Asphaltene Rocculalon’, Proceedings of the Symposium on Advances in Oi Field Chemistry, Yul 83, No.1, pp. 196204, 1988, 30.Kawanaka, S; Park, SJ. and Mansoor, GA, “The Role of ‘Asphaltone Deporition in EOR Gas Flooding: A Predictive Technique", SPE Paper#17376, Proceedings of the 1988 SPE/DOE Symposium on Enhanced Oil Recovery, Society of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, 1988. 31, Leontrii, KJ. and Mansoor, G.A,, "Fast Crude-Oll Heavy ‘Component Characterization Using Combination of ASTM, HPLC, {and GPC Methods" International Journal Petroleum Science & “Technology Yol.2, Pp.I-12, 1989 32, Benmekki, EH. and Mansoor, G.A, "Accurate Vaporizing Gas ‘Derive Minimum Misebility Pressure Predicion", SPE Paper # 15677, Proceedings of the 1986 Annual SPE Convention and Proceedings ofthe Eastern Regional Meeting of SPE. Society of Petroleum Engineer, Richardson, TX, 1986. 33.Mansoor, GA. and Chorr, LG. "Multicomponent Fraction (Characterization, Advance in Thermodynamics, Vol. 1. pp. 1-11, 1989, 33a. Ghom, LG. and Mansoon, GA, (Editors), "yt Fraction Characterization’, Advances in Thermodynamics, Vol 1, Taylor 4 Francis Pub. Co, New York, MY, 1968. 34. Benmekki, EH. and Mansoor, GA, “Pseudolzation Technique land Heavy Fraction Characterization with Equation of State Models", Advance in Thermodynamics, Val.1, pp. 57-78, 1989, 35. DuP.C. and Mansoori G.A, “A Continuous Mixture Computational ‘Algorithm for Reservoir Fluids Phase Behavior’, SPE Paper # 15082, Proceedings ofthe 1986 California Regional Meeting of SPE, Socety of Petroleum Engineers, Richardson, TX, 1986. SPE 23696 236. Du, PC. and Mansoor, CA, "Continuous Mixture Computations "Algorithm of Reservoir Fuid Phase Behavior Applicable for Componitional Retorvoir Simulation” . SPE Paper # 15953, Proceedings of the 1986 Eastern Regional Meeting of SPE and Proceedings of the 9th SPE Symposium on Reservoir Simulation, Society of Petroleum Engineers Richardson, TX, 1986. 37, Kim, ST, Park, Mansoor G.A. “Unpublished results” 38. Nellensteyn, FJ, "The Colloidal Structure of Bitumens’, The ‘Sclence of Petroleum, Onford Unlv. Press, wal 4, 2760, 1938. Table 1. Elemental Composition of Asphaltene Fractions Precipitated by Addition of N-Pentane as the Solvent JL.Escobedo and G.A. Mansoor " ‘TARLE 3. Flements Identified in Asphaltene by X-Ray Fluorescence MAYA ISTHMUS ‘Trace Blements SOUR COMPOSITION (wi) ATOMIC RATIOS: c HN O 8 WIC NIC O1 SIC cua 79.5 8.0 7.8 1.21013 .038 095 fan 8387.5 5.0 1.07 014 021 022 img a7 7.8 4:16 .008 .010 039 Kua 824 7.9 1.14 .009 .014 .034 Mexicot 03.0 7.7 4119 1048 ‘018 023, ‘This tale ls reproduced from Speight (1981). * Data from Altamirano, etal. (1986). ‘Table 2. Physical Properties of Asphaltenes in Maya and Isthmus ‘Crude Property Maya edmus ‘Crude Crude rocild = 2008. 15800 «pe ~ Viewty 250, 5400 = 30 600 = 0 a ™ Igion Pint C 310 ra Meg Pm cry m= Soubty in N-Heplane wi ua 20 Selby Beene Wi. 10 00 Saul in Clg WER 973 953 ‘Solbity in Methanl WE 78. ‘ot ‘Average Molecular Weight sans 23 Specie Gravity 21005 om 1 Pentane Aspens, WO 166 22 ‘arta, The apc pails epored ere donot sem toagre wid he ‘whey cepted vale of abut 12 fr spa, 359 TABLE 4 Quantitative Analy ‘Asphaltenes MAYA ISTHMUS Caton Bo Mo Hydrogen 77 ra Nitrogen. 3 10 sulfur 52 36 Oxyeen 20 19 Cope 180 «0 ron 1130 wo Nicket 7 380 50. Vanadium" 25180 940 HC uns uu ore cow oni SiC 003 016 NIC cos 010 ‘TABLE 5, Characterization of Crude Olls Pol 73, Abkatun-2, (Gh and thelr Mixtures (Chavez ta, 1991), “AORIS CHUC POLIS MIKTAT MRT. Spec. Gravity 204°C 08933. 0847 0.8604 08736 08644 ‘API Gravity 2638 351 6S ME Pour Point °C B33 9 Bom Paraffin, wi% mom 4a SMe (Goud Point, °C 6 = 4 6 Cpa $02 S 8S 229 By Minare Ar S0val% of PACT? and SD uci of Abkatun 73, Mixture B63 vol% of Po-73, 20 vol® of Chu, and 17 vol® of ‘Abkatun-93; (na) ~ not avaliable 12 Heavy Organic Deposition and Plugging of Wells SPE 23696 TABLE 6. Characterization of Crudes and Deposit from ‘Tecoaminoacan feld (Garcia, 1983). ‘CRUDE CRUDE ORG. DEPOSITS ATI ATUS ELEMENTAL Dri pra ANALYSIS, Carbon wt 1 0S Hydrogen wi m5 25 86 67 [Nitrogen wt, ee Iron Pp le eto ed Copper ppm

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