LEOPEA MIHAIL

IMEN 1531

PROJECT
I.
Design and analysis of a press mechanism
For the given press mechanism nr :2
The length of the links are: Crank r=45, Coupler l=210
Design the mechanism for Slider displacement of h=280.
1. Make a through investigation of the press mechanisms

Press
Machine with static (nonimpact) action for working metals by mea
ns of pressure. Presses are widely used in various branches of ind
ustryfor the processing of metals, plastics, rubber, agricultural an
d food products, and other materials. The
y are also used for the study of theproper
ties of these materials under high pressur
es. Presses have their widest range of ap
plication in the metalworking industry, wh
ere theyare used for forging, for stampin
g solid stock and sheet metal, and for for
ming extrusions. They are also used for m
etalworking assemblyoperations, such as
press-fitting of gears, pins, and bearing races, and for mechanical
testing.
Historical information. Manually operated screw presses were
used as early as the 15th and 16th centuries in such trades as but
ter-making, viticulture, printing, and bookbinding, which are not c
onnected with metalworking. At the end of the 17th and beginnin
g of the 18thcentury, screw presses were used for working metals
1

under pressure, specifically for minting coins and medals, and late
r, for stamping.Hydraulic presses became common in the mid19th century in the forging and stamping industry. With the devel
opment of large-series andmass production, crank presses, which
constitute the largest group of forging and stamping machines, ca
me to be widely used, especiallyafter the invention of electric mot
ors.
Design and principles of operation. The basic parts of a press
are the slide, a bed with guides for the slide and bolster plate, dri
ve andcontrol mechanisms, mechanization and automation device
s, and the tool. The moving part of the tool is attached to the slide
, whichperforms a reciprocating motion, and the stationary part is
attached to the bolster plate. The article is shaped by compressio
n of the blankbetween the moving and the stationary parts of the
tool. The principal parameters of the press, which, taken as a whol
e, determine itstechnical capacity and construction features, are n
ominal strength, stroke and velocity of the slide, and dimensions o
f the bolster plate.
Basic types. According to the drive used, presses are classified a
s hydraulic, mechanical (crank, screw, and friction types), andhyd
romechanical. In hydraulic presses, the slide is actuated by the pr
essure exerted by water, emulsion, or oil, which functions as the c
arrierof energy. Upon entering the cylinder, the hydraulic fluid dis
places a piston that is connected to the slide. A crank press works
by using acrank gear to transform the rotary motion of the drive i
nto the reciprocating motion of the slide. The screw press uses a s
crew mandrel with anon-self-braking thread to impart motion to th
e slide. The mandrel is rotated either by an electric motor acting t
hrough a friction gear (frictionpress), or by fluid pressure (hydrauli
c screw press). Depending on the intended use, presses have slid
es that move either vertically, forexample, for stamping, or horizo
ntally, for example, for forming.
Hydraulic presses are the most powerful. Hydraulic stamping pres
ses develop forces of up to 735 meganewtons, (MN), or 75,000 to
ns-force(tf); hydraulic presses for the production of diamonds dev
elop forces of up to 490 MN, or 50,000 tf. Crank presses produce a

m
n
m

aximum forceof about 100 MN, a

d screw presses produce a maxi
um force of about 125 MN.
2. Make the structural
representation.

3. Identify links and pair,

kinematic groups, loops,
compute DOF.
A: R1-2 f=1;
B: R2-3 f=1;
C: R3-6 f=1;
D: R6-1 f=1;
E: R3-4 f=1;
F: R4-5 f=1;
G: T5-1 f=1;
DOF=3(4-1)-2*4=1
3

4. Propose a first kinematic analysis and choose the

appropriate length of the links.
AB=45;
BC=75;
CD=100;
CE=210;
EF=130;
AD=122.29;
AB+AD<BC+CD
5. Perform a first kinematic analysis by the graphical method.
Extract numerical results and discuss those using tables and
curves you may find appropriate.
F2
F6
S

135
10
211

195
342
196.5131

255
331
308.6114

315
333
428.5103

375
359
419.5314

435
22
356.3

495
10
211

6. Write and solve the loop closure equation. Present numerical

results for 6 positions of crank.

i)

AB+BC+CD+DA=0

AB=l2u2=l2(icosF2+jsinF2)
BC=l3u3=l3(icosF3+jsinF3)
CD=l6u6=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)
DA=l1u1=l1(icosF1+jsinF1)

ii)
CD+DF+FE+EC=0
CD=l6u6=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)
DF=l4u4=l4(icosF4+jsinF4)
FE=l5u5=l5j-si
EC=l3u3=l3(icosF3+jsinF3)
6

i)

AB+BC+CD+DA=0
l2u2+l3u3+l6u6+l1u1=0
l2(icosF2+jsinF2)+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)+l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+l1(icosF1
+jsinF1)=0
l6(icosF6+jsinF6)=l2(icosF2+jsinF2)+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)+l1(icosF1
+jsinF1)/2
l62=l22
+l32+l12+2l2l3(cosF2cosF3+sinF2sinF3)+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF
2sinF1)+
+2l3l1(cosF3cosF1+sinF3sinF1)
A=2l2l3sinF2+2l3l1sinF1
B=2l2l3cosF2+2l3l1cosF1
C=l22+l32+l12+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)-l62
A A 2+ B2 C2
F3=2atan(
)
BC
F3=60

l32=l22+l62+l12+2l2l6(cosF2cosF6+sinF2sinF6)+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF
2sinF1)+
+l6l1(cosF6cosF1+sinF6sinF1)
A=2l2l6sinF2+2l6l1sinF1
B=2l2l6cosF2+2l6l1cosF1
C= l22+l62+l12-l32+2l2l1(cosF2cosF1+sinF2sinF1)
A A 2+ B2 C2
F6=2atan(
)
F6=170
BC

ii)

CD+DF+FE+EC=0
l6u6+l4u4+l5u5+l3u3=0
l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+l4(icosF4+jsinF4)+l5j-si+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)=0
-l4(icosF4+jsinF4)=l6(icosF6+jsinF6)+ l5j-si+l3(icosF3+jsinF3)/2
7

l42=l62+l52+s2+l32+2l6l5sinF62l6scosF6+2l6l3(cosF6cosF3+sinF6sinF3)+
+2l5l3sinF3-2sl3cosF3
A=1
B=-2l6cosF6-2l3cosF3
C= l62+l52+l32l42+2l6l5sinF6+2l6l3(cosF6cosF3+sinF6sinF3)+2l5l3sinF3
D=B2-4AC
B D
s=
2A
s=211

F3C

-59.91

-52.61

-85.12

118.25

F6C

170.20 161.48 151.03

152.96

SC

211.08 196.53 308.77

428.47

118.9
3
178.6
2
419.5
2

-99.07

157.7
7
356.3
5

7. Choose the proper dimensions to obtain the imposed slider

displacement.
For finding of the length
h we must firstly to find
the minimum and
maximum position of the
mechanism after this, we
must measure the length
between them.
Through changing of
slope inclination of base we obtain the final h the imposed
one.
We will approximate the length h=287.5829 to h=280

8. Conclusions, final dimensions and recommendations for the

detailed design.

In this last figure we can observe that the value of h is the

imposed one.
A recommendation for finding the length of h is to draw two
circles: one from the point of minimum position of the slider
with the radius h and the another one with radius equal with
the length of the final segment by the slider from the last
articulation (in this case in point E with length 130).

10

I.

Design and analysis of a gear train with gear pair and a

planetary gear with a gear ratio of 13+n/3

11

i=13+

10
=16.33
3

1. Choose the appropriate type the gear train.

12

2. Choose the number of teeth and module

z 3=z 1+2 z2
z 1=17
z 2=19
z 3=17+2 19=55

16.33= 1+

z5
55

17 z 4

)( )

z5
1
=16.33
=3.86
z4
4.23

z 5=3.86 z 4

If z 4=17

z 5=66

3. Compute the gear ratio.

i=

1 1 h 4 1 4
z
z
=
= = 1+ 3 5
5 h 4 5 h 5
z1 z4

i= 1+

( )( )

55 66
=16.42
17 17

13

4. Compute the gears geometry.

We adopt the module [mm] from STAS 822-82:

m=1.25
We calculate the geometric elements of gear wheels :
14

-the height of tooth:

-The head of tooth:

-The foot of tooth:

-Head circle:

-Foot circle:

-Base circle:

-Rolling circle / division:

Modul
us
1,25

Number
of gear

Numb
er of
teeth

17

19

55

17

h
3,12
5
3,12
5
3,12
5
3,12
5

ha
1,25
1,25
1,25
1,25

hf

da

df

db

1,56
25
1,56
25
1,56
25
1,56
25

23,7
5
26,2
5
71,2
5
23.7
5

18,1
25
20,6
25
65,6
25
18.1
25

19,96
85
22,31
77
64,60
39
19.96
85

21,2
5
23,7
5
68,7
5
21.2
5
15

66

3,12
5

1,25

1,56
25

85

79.3
75

77.52
46

82.5

16