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(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012
dhara_shah1311@yahoo.co.in, cgbhagchandani@rediffmail.com
ABSTRACT Evaporation is the removal of solvent as vapor
from a solution. It is the operation which is used for
concentration of solution. There could be single effect
evaporator or multiple effect evaporators. With addition of
each effect steam economy of the system also increases.
Evaporators are integral part of a number of a process
industries like Pulp and Paper, Sugar, Caustic Soda,
Pharmaceuticals, Desalination, Dairy and Food Processing etc.
Caustic Soda Industry is of present interest. The system
consists of quadruple effect having falling film evaporator as
each effect. There is forward feed flow. Designing of this
system has been done. This paper describes a steady state
model of multiple effect evaporators for simulation purpose.
The model includes overall as well as component mass
balance equations, energy balance equations and heat transfer
rate equations for area calculation for all the effects. Each
effect in the process is represented by a number of variables
which are related by the energy and material balance equations
for the feed, product and vapor flow for forward feed. The
code has been developed using SCILAB. Results of the
present approach are validated with industrial data.
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012
-------------
(1)
3.4 Calculations
For this system data is as follows:
mF = 10,000 kg/hr
x = 0.05
y = 0.3
Therefore mP = (mF*x)/y = 1666.67 kg/hr
Now mF = mP + mE
mE = mF mP
mE = 10000 1666.67
mE = 8333.33 kg/hr
By each time assuming new steam economy we get final
results for steam economy=3.5.
Assume Steam Economy, SE = 3.5
Total steam requirement mS =
mS = 2380.95 kg/hr
Mass and Energy Balance for all the effects can be given as:
For 1st effect:
mF = mP1 + mE1
-----------------
(3)
-----------------
(5)
-----------------
(7)
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012
Q = U*A* T
and Q = mS* S
Here T is the temperature difference between steam inlet
temperature and product outlet temperature.
=
Therefore A =
= 92.33 = 93 tubes
A2 = 101.43 m2
For 3rd effect: A3 =
=
A3 = 88.41 m2
For 4th effect: A4 =
=
A4 = 211.45 m2
4. RESULT
By following above algorithm we get result as:
Feed rate F:10000
Initial TDS x:.05
Final TDS y:.3
Steam Economy:3.5
No of Effects n:4
E:
To calculate no of tubes:
A = *no of tubes * O.D. of tube * Length of tube
Therefore Nt =
Take O.D. of tube = 50.8 mm and Length of tube = 6 m
2850.8772
2565.9655
2695.9422
2779.3583
2768.772
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012
P:
13000.
10434.035
7738.0923
4958.734
2189.962
x:
0.05
0.0622961
0.0840000
0.1310818
0.2968088
5. CONCLUSION
This system shows that results are obtained for steam
economy 3.5. As system is of caustic soda concentration the
same methodology could be applied for any other caustic soda
concentration system to get results.
6. REFERENCES:
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Bhargava, R., Khanam, S., Mohanty, B., & Ray, A.
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Pages
339-347
(ISSN : 2277-1581)
01 July 2012