Table 4: Gender Development Index

Gender Development Index

Value

1
2
3
4
5
6
6
8
9
9
11
12
13
14
14
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31

Country
VERY HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Norway
Australia
Switzerland
Denmark
Netherlands
Germany
Ireland
United States
Canada
New Zealand
Singapore
Hong Kong, China (SAR)
Liechtenstein
Sweden
United Kingdom
Iceland
Korea (Republic of)
Israel
Luxembourg
Japan
Belgium
France
Austria
Finland
Slovenia
Spain
Italy
Czech Republic
Greece
Estonia
Brunei Darussalam

2014

0.996
0.976
0.950
0.977
0.947
0.963
0.973
0.995
0.982
0.961
0.985
0.958
..
0.999
0.965
0.975
0.930
0.971
0.971
0.961
0.975
0.987
0.943
0.996
0.996
0.975
0.964
0.980
0.961
1.030
0.977

32
32
34
35
36
37
37
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
50
52
52
52
55
56
57
58
59
60
60
62
63
64
64
66
67
67
69
69
71
72
73
74
75

Cyprus
Qatar
Andorra
Slovakia
Poland
Lithuania
Malta
Saudi Arabia
Argentina
United Arab Emirates
Chile
Portugal
Hungary
Bahrain
Latvia
Croatia
Kuwait
Montenegro
HIGH HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Belarus
Russian Federation
Oman
Romania
Uruguay
Bahamas
Kazakhstan
Barbados
Antigua and Barbuda
Bulgaria
Palau
Panama
Malaysia
Mauritius
Seychelles
Trinidad and Tobago
Serbia
Cuba
Lebanon
Costa Rica
Iran (Islamic Republic of)
Venezuela (Bolivarian Republic of)
Turkey
Sri Lanka
Mexico
Brazil

0.971
0.998
..
0.999
1.007
1.030
0.937
0.901
0.982
0.954
0.967
0.985
0.976
0.940
1.029
0.987
0.972
0.954
1.021
1.019
0.909
0.989
1.018
..
1.002
1.018
..
0.991
..
0.996
0.947
0.950
..
0.985
0.966
0.954
0.899
0.974
0.858
1.030
0.902
0.948
0.943
0.997

76
77
78
79
80
81
81
83
84
85
85
85
88
89
90
90
90
93
94
94
96
97
97
99
100
101
101
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
110
112
113
114
115
116
116
116
119
120
121

Georgia
Saint Kitts and Nevis
Azerbaijan
Grenada
Jordan
The former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Ukraine
Algeria
Peru
Albania
Armenia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Ecuador
Saint Lucia
China
Fiji
Mongolia
Thailand
Dominica
Libya
Tunisia
Colombia
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Jamaica
Tonga
Belize
Dominican Republic
Suriname
Maldives
Samoa
MEDIUM HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Botswana
Moldova (Republic of)
Egypt
Turkmenistan
Gabon
Indonesia
Paraguay
Palestine, State of
Uzbekistan
Philippines
El Salvador
South Africa
Viet Nam
Bolivia (Plurinational State of)
Kyrgyzstan
Iraq

0.962
..
0.942
..
0.860
0.949
1.003
0.837
0.947
0.948
1.008
..
0.980
0.991
0.943
0.941
1.028
1.000
..
0.950
0.894
0.997
..
0.995
0.967
0.958
0.995
0.975
0.937
0.956
0.982
1.003
0.868
..
..
0.927
0.956
0.860
0.945
0.977
0.965
0.948
..
0.931
0.961
0.787

122
123
124
125
126
126
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
134
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
143
145
145
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
156
158
159
160
161
162
163
163
163
166
167

Cabo Verde
Micronesia (Federated States of)
Guyana
Nicaragua
Morocco
Namibia
Guatemala
Tajikistan
India
Honduras
Bhutan
Timor-Leste
Syrian Arab Republic
Vanuatu
Congo
Kiribati
Equatorial Guinea
Zambia
Ghana
Lao People's Democratic Republic
Bangladesh
Cambodia
Sao Tome and Principe
LOW HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
Kenya
Nepal
Pakistan
Myanmar
Angola
Swaziland
Tanzania (United Republic of)
Nigeria
Cameroon
Madagascar
Zimbabwe
Mauritania
Solomon Islands
Papua New Guinea
Comoros
Yemen
Lesotho
Togo
Haiti
Rwanda
Uganda
Benin
Sudan

..
..
0.984
0.960
0.828
0.981
0.949
0.926
0.795
0.944
0.897
0.868
0.834
0.903
0.922
..
..
0.917
0.885
0.896
0.917
0.890
0.891
0.913
0.908
0.726
..
..
0.879
0.938
0.841
0.879
0.945
0.922
0.816
..
..
0.813
0.739
0.953
0.831
..
0.957
0.886
0.823
0.830

168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188

Djibouti
South Sudan
Senegal
Afghanistan
Cte d'Ivoire
Malawi
Ethiopia
Gambia
Congo (Democratic Republic of the)
Liberia
Guinea-Bissau
Mali
Mozambique
Sierra Leone
Guinea
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Chad
Eritrea
Central African Republic
Niger
OTHER COUNTRIES OR TERRITORIES
Korea (Democratic People's Rep. of)
Marshall Islands
Monaco
Nauru
San Marino
Somalia
Tuvalu

..
..
0.883
0.600
0.810
0.907
0.840
0.889
0.833
0.789
..
0.776
0.881
0.814
0.778
0.881
0.911
0.768
..
0.773
0.729
..
..
..
..
..
..
..

Human development groups

Very high human development
High human development
Medium human development
Low human development

0.978
0.954
0.861
0.830

Developing countries
Arab States
East Asia and the Pacific
Europe and Central Asia
Latin America and the Caribbean
South Asia
Sub-Saharan Africa

0.899
0.849
0.948
0.945
0.976
0.801
0.872

Least developed countries

0.866

Small island developing states

..

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and

0.973

World

0.924

Notes
a. Because disaggregated income data are not available, data are crudely estimated. See
b. Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values.
c. Data refer to 2014 or the most recent year available.
d. Calculated by the Singapore Ministry of Education.
e. HDRO updates based on data on educational attainment from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) a
f. For the purpose of calculating the male HDI value, estimated gross national income per capita is cappe
g. Based on data from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2011).
h. Based on data on school life expectancy from the UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2013).
i. HDRO calculations based on data from recent United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indica
j. Based on the estimate of educational attainment distribution from UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015
k. HDRO calculations based on data from the 2011 population census from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (2
l. HDRO estimate based on data from the country's most recent ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surv
Definitions
Gender Development Index: Ratio of female to male HDI values. See Technical note 3

Gender Development Index groups: Countries are divided into five groups by absolute deviation from g
achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 2.5-5 percent); group 3 comprises countrie
10 percent); and group 5 comprises countries with low equality in HDI achievements between women and
Human Development Index (HDI): A composite index measuring average achievement in three basic dim
Life expectancy at birth: Number of years a newborn infant could expect to live if prevailing patterns of a
Expected years of schooling: Number of years of schooling that a child of school entrance age can exp
Mean years of schooling: Average number of years of education received by people ages 25 and older,

Estimated gross national income per capita: Derived from the ratio of female to male wages, female a

Main data sources

Columns 1: Calculated based on data in columns 3 and 4.
Columns 2: Calculated based on data in column 1.
Columns 3 and 4: HDRO calculations based on data from UNDESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statisti
Columns 5 and 6: UNDESA (2015).
Columns 7 and 8: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
Columns 9 and 10: UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), Barro and Lee (2014), UNICEF Multiple Indica
Columns 11 and 12: HDRO calculations based on ILO (2015a), UNDESA (2013a), World Bank (2015a) an

r Development Index

GDI group

Human Development Index (HDI)

Life expectancy at birth

Value

(years)

Female

Male

Female

2014

2014

2014

2014

1
1
2
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
..
1
2
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1

0.940
0.922
0.898
0.912
0.893
0.901
0.901
0.911
0.904
0.894
0.898
0.892
..
0.906
0.888
0.886
0.861
0.879
0.877
0.870
0.872
0.881
0.856
0.879
0.877
0.863
0.851
0.859
0.844
0.872
0.840

0.944
0.945
0.945
0.934
0.943
0.936
0.926
0.916
0.921
0.930
0.912
0.931
..
0.906
0.920
0.909
0.926
0.905
0.903
0.905
0.895
0.893
0.909
0.882
0.881
0.885
0.883
0.877
0.879
0.847
0.860

83.6
84.5
85.0
82.2
83.3
83.3
83.0
81.4
84.0
83.6
86.0
86.8
..
83.9
82.6
84.0
85.0
84.1
83.9
86.7
83.2
85.1
83.8
83.6
83.4
85.3
85.5
81.5
83.8
81.3
80.7

2
1
..
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
2
1
1
3
2
1
2
2

0.836
0.853
..
0.841
0.844
0.851
0.806
0.778
0.819
0.796
0.815
0.823
0.818
0.789
0.829
0.812
0.793
0.782

0.861
0.854
..
0.842
0.839
0.827
0.861
0.864
0.834
0.835
0.843
0.836
0.838
0.839
0.805
0.823
0.816
0.819

82.4
79.9
..
79.9
81.4
78.9
82.2
75.7
80.1
78.5
84.5
83.8
78.7
77.6
78.9
80.6
75.8
78.4

1
1
4
1
1
..
1
1
..
1
..
1
3
2
..
1
2
2
5
2
5
2
4
3
3
1

0.806
0.804
0.741
0.787
0.797
..
0.787
0.791
..
0.777
..
0.776
0.753
0.752
..
0.763
0.757
0.747
0.718
0.753
0.689
0.772
0.716
0.730
0.731
0.752

0.789
0.789
0.815
0.796
0.783
..
0.785
0.777
..
0.784
..
0.779
0.795
0.792
..
0.774
0.784
0.783
0.800
0.774
0.804
0.749
0.793
0.769
0.775
0.754

77.2
75.8
79.2
78.3
80.6
78.3
74.1
78.0
78.5
77.7
..
80.7
77.1
78.0
78.1
74.0
77.7
81.5
81.3
81.9
76.5
78.5
78.5
78.2
79.2
78.3

2
..
3
..
5
3
1
5
3
3
1
..
1
1
3
3
2
1
..
2
5
1
..
1
2
2
1
1
3
2

0.736
..
0.721
..
0.674
0.726
0.747
0.637
0.712
0.711
0.734
..
0.722
0.725
0.705
0.699
0.737
0.726
..
0.699
0.671
0.719
..
0.715
0.704
0.696
0.710
0.702
0.678
0.681

0.765
..
0.766
..
0.784
0.765
0.745
0.761
0.752
0.750
0.728
..
0.737
0.731
0.747
0.743
0.716
0.726
..
0.736
0.751
0.721
..
0.719
0.727
0.727
0.713
0.720
0.723
0.713

78.4
..
74.0
75.9
75.8
77.7
75.9
77.2
77.2
80.4
78.6
79.0
78.7
77.8
77.3
73.2
73.9
77.9
..
74.6
77.3
77.7
75.1
78.1
75.8
72.9
76.7
74.4
77.8
76.8

1
1
5
..
..
3
2
5
3
1
2
3
..
3
2
5

0.691
0.694
0.633
..
..
0.655
0.662
0.607
0.640
0.649
0.652
0.646
..
0.637
0.638
0.561

0.704
0.692
0.729
..
..
0.706
0.692
0.706
0.678
0.664
0.676
0.681
..
0.684
0.664
0.712

66.8
75.7
73.4
69.9
65.0
71.0
75.1
74.9
71.8
71.8
77.4
59.3
80.5
70.9
74.6
71.7

..
..
1
2
5
1
3
3
5
3
5
5
5
4
4
..
..
4
5
5
4
5
5

..
..
0.626
0.615
0.555
0.620
0.608
0.600
0.525
0.583
0.572
0.548
0.520
0.587
0.561
..
..
0.558
0.540
0.543
0.541
0.519
0.520

..
..
0.636
0.640
0.670
0.632
0.641
0.648
0.660
0.618
0.638
0.631
0.623
0.650
0.609
..
..
0.609
0.610
0.606
0.590
0.584
0.584

75.0
70.1
68.8
77.9
75.1
67.3
75.3
73.2
69.5
75.7
69.7
70.1
76.5
74.0
63.9
69.2
59.0
62.0
62.3
67.5
72.9
70.3
68.4

4
4
5
..
..
5
3
5
5
3
4
5
..
..
5
5
2
5
..
2
5
5
5

0.527
0.521
0.436
..
..
0.494
0.504
0.468
0.478
0.497
0.487
0.446
..
..
0.443
0.414
0.482
0.439
..
0.472
0.452
0.431
0.428

0.577
0.574
0.601
..
..
0.561
0.538
0.556
0.544
0.526
0.529
0.546
..
..
0.545
0.560
0.505
0.527
..
0.493
0.510
0.524
0.516

63.4
71.1
67.2
68.0
53.8
48.2
66.4
53.1
56.7
66.6
58.9
64.5
69.4
64.8
65.0
65.2
49.8
60.4
64.9
67.0
60.3
61.0
65.0

..
..
5
5
5
4
5
5
5
5
..
5
5
5
5
5
4
5
..
5
5

..
..
0.436
0.328
0.410
0.423
0.403
0.414
0.393
0.387
..
0.363
0.390
0.370
0.358
0.376
0.381
0.338
..
0.303
0.287

..
..
0.494
0.546
0.507
0.467
0.479
0.466
0.472
0.491
..
0.468
0.443
0.454
0.460
0.427
0.418
0.440
..
0.392
0.394

63.7
56.7
68.3
61.6
52.4
63.7
66.0
61.6
60.1
61.8
57.0
57.8
56.5
51.4
59.2
59.9
58.7
52.7
65.9
52.6
62.4

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

73.7
..
..
..
..
57.0
..

0.884
0.724
0.574
0.456

0.903
0.758
0.667
0.549

83.1
77.4
70.6
61.8

0.617
0.611
0.692
0.719
0.736
0.525
0.480

0.686
0.719
0.730
0.760
0.754
0.655
0.550

71.7
72.7
76.0
76.1
78.2
69.9
59.7

0.465

0.537

64.8

..

..

72.6

0.862

0.887

82.7

0.670

0.725

73.7

re crudely estimated. See Definitions and Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the Gender Development In
om gender parity in HDI values.

m UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015) and methodology from Barro and Lee (2014).
gross national income per capita is capped at $75,000.

nstitute for Statistics (2013).

Children's Fund (UNICEF) Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys.
om UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015).
ensus from Samoa Bureau of Statistics (2013).
ICF Macro Demographic and Health Survey.

es. See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the Gender Development Index is calculated.

o five groups by absolute deviation from gender parity in HDI values. Group 1 comprises countries with high equality in HDI ach
.5-5 percent); group 3 comprises countries with medium equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute dev
n HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation from gender parity of more than 10 percent).
ng average achievement in three basic dimensions of human developmenta long and healthy life, knowledge and a decent st
uld expect to live if prevailing patterns of age-specific mortality rates at the time of birth stay the same throughout the infants life
at a child of school entrance age can expect to receive if prevailing patterns of age-specific enrolment rates persist throughout
on received by people ages 25 and older, converted from educational attainment levels using official durations of each level.

e ratio of female to male wages, female and male shares of economically active population and GNI (in 2011 purchasing power

ESA (2015), UNESCO Institute for Statistics (2015), Barro and Lee (2014), World Bank (2015a), ILO (2015a) and IMF (2015).

o and Lee (2014), UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys and ICF Macro Demographic and Health Surveys.
UNDESA (2013a), World Bank (2015a) and IMF (2015).

expectancy at birth

Expected years of schooling

Mean years of schooling

(years)

(years)

(years)

Male

Female

2014

2014

79.5
80.3
80.8
78.3
79.7
78.5
78.8
76.7
80.0
80.0
79.9
81.2
..
80.4
78.7
81.0
78.5
80.5
79.3
80.2
78.3
79.2
78.8
78.0
77.3
79.8
80.6
75.7
78.0
72.0
77.0

18.2
20.7
15.7
19.3
18.0
16.3
18.5
17.2
16.3
20.0
15.5
15.7
13.8
16.6
16.6
20.1
16.0
16.5
14.0
15.2
16.7
16.4
16.1
17.7
17.7
17.7
16.5
16.9
17.7
17.4
14.9

Male
c

2014

16.8
19.7
15.9
18.1
17.9
16.6
18.7
15.7
15.5
18.3
15.3
15.5
16.1
15.1
15.8
17.9
17.7
15.5
13.7
15.5
16.0
15.6
15.4
16.5
16.0
17.0
15.6
15.8
17.6
15.6
14.2

Female
c

2014

12.7
13.1
11.5
12.8
11.6
12.9
12.3
13.0
13.1
12.5
10.1
10.9
..
12.2
12.9
10.8
11.2
12.5
11.3
11.3
10.6
11.0
9.9
10.2
11.8
9.4
9.5
12.1
9.8
12.7
8.5

78.0
77.3
..
72.5
73.4
67.7
78.8
73.0
72.4
76.3
78.6
77.9
71.5
75.8
69.1
74.0
73.5
74.1

14.2
14.0
..
15.7
16.3
16.9
14.8
16.6
19.1
13.9
15.5
16.5
15.7
15.1
15.9
15.4
15.2
15.5

65.5
64.4
75.1
71.2
73.5
72.3
64.6
73.2
73.5
70.8
..
74.6
72.4
70.9
68.9
67.0
72.1
77.4
77.6
77.0
74.3
70.2
72.0
71.5
74.4
70.7

16.2
15.1
13.9
14.6
16.6
..
15.4
17.2
14.6
14.6
13.9
13.8
12.7
15.9
13.3
12.5
14.9
14.4
13.6
14.3
15.0
15.3
14.0
14.2
13.2
15.6

13.8
13.9
..
14.5
14.7
15.9
14.0
16.1
16.8
12.9
15.0
16.1
15.1
13.7
14.6
14.2
14.2
14.8
15.1
14.3
13.5
13.8
14.4
..
14.7
13.8
13.3
14.1
13.5
12.8
12.7
15.2
13.4
12.1
13.9
13.3
13.9
13.4
15.2
13.1
15.1
13.3
12.9
14.8

11.4
10.4
..
12.3
11.7
12.3
9.9
7.8
9.8
9.9
9.7
8.1
11.3
9.1
11.7
10.5
7.3
10.5
11.9
11.9
7.0
10.3
8.7
11.1
11.3
10.6
..
10.6
..
9.6
9.4
8.0
..
10.7
9.8
11.4
7.6
8.4
7.7
9.2
6.7
10.7
8.2
7.8

i
j

71.2
..
67.7
71.0
72.4
73.1
66.0
72.5
71.9
75.4
70.9
74.0
73.2
72.4
74.3
67.2
65.3
71.1
..
68.9
72.5
70.5
70.9
73.3
69.9
67.4
70.4
68.0
75.8
70.4

14.0
13.4
11.8
16.3
13.7
13.5
15.4
14.2
13.1
11.9
13.6
..
14.5
13.0
13.2
16.0
15.3
13.9
..
14.3
15.0
13.9
13.4
13.1
15.0
13.9
13.6
13.6
12.8
13.2

62.1
67.4
69.0
61.5
63.8
66.9
70.8
71.0
65.0
64.9
68.3
55.2
71.0
65.9
66.6
67.2

12.6
12.2
13.3
10.6
..
13.1
12.2
13.8
11.3
11.5
12.1
13.7
..
12.9
12.7
8.7

13.6
12.4
12.0
15.3
13.3
13.2
14.9
13.8
13.0
11.8
11.2
..
13.9
12.1
12.9
15.5
13.9
13.1
..
13.8
14.0
13.2
13.1
11.6
14.4
13.2
12.6
11.8
12.5
12.5
12.4
11.6
13.8
11.0
..
12.9
11.7
12.2
11.7
11.1
12.4
13.4
..
13.4
12.3
11.4

12.0
..
10.5
..
9.3
8.7
11.3
4.8
8.5
8.9
10.8
6.6
7.4
9.4
6.9
9.8
9.5
7.1
..
7.7
5.9
7.4
..
10.0
10.7
10.5
7.7
7.3
5.7
10.3
8.7
11.1
5.4
..
8.9
7.0
7.5
8.4
9.5
8.4
6.2
9.7
7.0
7.5
10.5
5.1

e
k

i
e

71.4
68.1
64.2
71.9
73.0
62.1
68.3
66.2
66.6
70.7
69.2
66.5
64.0
69.9
60.8
62.8
56.3
58.2
60.4
64.8
70.4
66.2
64.4

13.9
..
11.2
11.8
10.6
11.4
10.2
10.5
11.3
11.6
12.8
11.3
12.2
10.2
10.9
12.7
..
13.0
11.0
10.1
10.3
10.3
11.4

13.1
..
9.4
11.3
11.6
11.3
11.0
12.0
11.8
10.6
12.6
12.0
12.3
10.9
11.3
11.9
..
13.9
12.0
11.0
9.7
11.5
11.2

..
..
8.9
6.2
3.2
6.3
5.5
9.6
3.6
5.5
2.0
3.6
5.4
8.0
4.9
..
4.0
5.8
5.6
3.9
4.5
3.2
4.0

59.9
68.2
65.3
63.9
50.8
49.6
63.5
52.4
54.4
63.6
56.2
61.6
66.5
60.5
61.6
62.5
49.6
58.9
60.7
61.1
56.7
58.1
62.0

10.7
12.5
7.0
..
8.7
10.9
9.0
8.2
9.5
10.2
10.7
8.5
8.8
..
11.0
7.7
11.7
10.9
..
10.4
9.7
9.4
6.7

11.3
12.2
8.5
..
14.0
11.8
9.3
9.8
11.2
10.5
11.0
8.5
9.7
..
11.9
10.6
10.6
13.4
..
10.2
9.9
12.7
7.3

5.9
2.3
3.1
4.3
..
7.4
4.5
4.9
5.3
6.6
6.7
2.7
..
3.2
3.7
1.3
6.5
3.0
4.2
3.2
4.5
2.1
2.5

l
l

60.4
54.7
64.5
59.2
50.7
61.7
62.2
58.9
57.2
59.9
53.4
58.2
53.6
50.4
58.3
57.3
54.8
50.5
61.6
48.8
60.6

5.9
..
7.8
7.2
7.9
10.8
8.0
8.7
8.6
8.9
..
7.5
8.8
7.2
7.3
7.4
9.6
5.9
..
5.9
4.8

6.9
..
8.1
11.3
10.0
10.7
9.0
8.9
10.8
12.4
..
9.3
9.8
10.0
10.0
8.1
10.7
8.9
..
8.6
6.1

..
4.5
1.8
1.2
3.2
3.4
1.4
2.0
4.5
2.6
..
1.5
2.4
2.2
1.4
1.0
2.2
1.0
..
2.8
0.8

66.7
..
..
..
..
53.8
..

..
..
..
9.9
15.9
..
..

..
..
..
8.9
14.7
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

77.8
72.8
66.8
59.3

16.8
13.8
11.5
8.3

16.0
13.4
11.8
9.8

11.7
7.7
4.9
3.4

68.0
68.8
72.2
68.5
71.7
67.1
57.1

11.6
11.6
13.0
13.5
14.4
10.8
9.1

11.9
12.3
12.8
13.8
13.7
11.3
10.3

5.4
4.9
6.9
9.0
8.0
3.7
4.2

61.9

8.9

10.0

3.2

67.8

13.4

12.6

..

l
l

77.5

16.0

15.5

11.0

69.5

12.2

12.4

6.2

e Gender Development Index is calculated.

h high equality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of less than 2.5 percent); group 2 comprises
en and men (absolute deviation of 5-7.5 percent); group 4 comprises countries with medium to low equality in HDI achievemen
0 percent).
nowledge and a decent standard of living. See Technical note 1 at http://hdr.undp.org for details on how the HDI is calculated.
e throughout the infants life.
t rates persist throughout the childs life.
durations of each level.

in 2011 purchasing power parity terms). See Technical note 3 at http://hdr.undp.org for details.

2015a) and IMF (2015).

h Surveys.

Estimated gross national income per

capita

n years of schooling

(years)

(2011 PPP $)

Male
2014

12.5
12.9
13.1
12.7
12.2
13.8
12.0
12.9
13.0
12.6
10.9
11.9
..
12.0
13.2
10.4
12.7
12.6
12.1
11.7
11.1
11.3
11.9
10.2
12.0
9.8
10.2
12.5
10.5
12.2
9.0

Female

Male

2014

2014

57,140
33,688
44,132
36,439
29,500
34,886
30,104
43,054
33,587
24,309
59,994
38,060
..
40,222
27,259
28,792
21,896
22,451
47,723
24,975
31,879
31,073
29,598
31,644
22,180
24,059
22,526
19,929
17,288
20,854
54,228

72,825
50,914
69,077
51,727
61,641
53,290
49,166
63,158
50,853
41,372
93,699
72,052
..
51,084
51,628
41,486
46,018
39,064
69,800
49,541
50,845
45,497
58,826
45,994
33,593
40,221
44,148
33,604
31,952
30,254
90,437

11.8
8.8
..
12.2
11.9
12.5
10.8
9.3
9.8
8.5
9.9
8.4
12.2
9.6
11.2
11.6
7.1
11.8
12.1
12.0
8.5
11.1
8.2
10.7
11.5
10.2
..
10.4
..
9.1
10.1
9.1
..
10.9
11.2
11.6
8.2
8.3
8.6
8.6
8.5
10.9
8.8
7.5

i
j

22,613
55,123
..
19,903
18,423
20,955
16,435
20,094
14,202
22,391
14,732
21,259
17,443
20,038
18,437
16,200
42,292
11,106

34,400
143,979
..
32,122
28,271
28,656
39,432
77,044
30,237
77,300
27,992
30,543
28,960
49,890
26,845
22,853
111,988
18,094

12,922
17,269
14,709
15,250
14,721
17,868
15,408
10,245
..
12,448
..
13,699
15,635
10,541
..
19,669
9,697
4,912
7,334
9,680
4,828
12,458
10,024
5,452
10,233
11,393

21,010
28,287
46,400
21,117
24,166
24,957
26,746
14,739
..
18,926
..
22,597
30,320
24,581
..
32,656
14,799
9,665
25,391
17,033
25,924
19,840
27,645
14,307
22,252
19,084

12.3
..
11.2
..
10.5
9.8
11.4
7.8
9.6
9.6
10.9
8.6
7.6
9.3
8.2
10.0
9.0
7.5
..
7.0
7.8
7.3
..
9.4
10.8
10.5
7.2
8.0
6.0
10.3
9.1
11.3
7.7
..
6.6
8.2
7.9
9.3
9.9
7.9
6.9
10.2
7.9
8.9
10.6
7.7

e
k

i
e

4,887
..
10,120
..
3,587
8,796
6,518
3,898
8,040
7,217
6,042
6,514
8,487
8,018
10,128
4,274
9,029
11,820
..
7,427
4,748
9,785
7,283
5,820
3,796
5,034
8,860
10,241
8,531
3,416

9,718
..
22,814
..
18,831
14,754
10,120
22,009
13,977
12,655
10,089
12,912
12,723
11,576
14,795
10,592
12,462
14,888
..
22,392
16,159
14,372
12,541
9,059
6,336
10,198
14,903
20,970
16,073
7,124

15,179
4,599
4,928
8,725
13,527
6,485
5,576
1,580
3,811
5,382
5,497
8,713
4,624
4,383
2,122
4,279

18,096
5,915
16,049
17,552
19,177
13,052
9,678
7,726
7,342
10,439
9,406
15,737
5,570
7,140
3,992
23,515

..
..
8.0
5.8
5.3
6.1
5.7
11.2
7.2
5.4
4.1
5.3
7.4
10.0
6.5
..
7.2
7.3
7.9
6.1
5.5
5.4
5.5
7.3
4.5
6.2
3.8
..
6.8
5.8
7.1
6.7
6.1
7.7
4.8
..
4.8
5.6
3.8
5.2
6.3
5.6
4.3
6.3
4.6
3.8

l
l

4,098
..
4,164
2,967
3,222
7,672
5,021
2,014
2,116
2,365
5,733
3,122
864
2,141
5,165
..
17,073
3,019
3,200
4,086
2,278
2,526
1,886

8,105
..
8,804
5,979
10,573
11,267
8,934
3,017
8,656
5,508
8,418
7,530
4,523
3,445
6,859
..
24,850
4,452
4,515
5,279
4,083
3,393
3,976

2,255
1,956
1,450
3,873
5,497
3,894
2,320
4,052
2,266
1,098
1,387
1,625
1,046
2,145
778
1,595
2,613
1,084
1,379
1,312
1,226
1,493
1,882

3,270
2,690
8,100
5,386
8,169
7,235
2,502
6,585
3,341
1,560
1,850
5,468
2,019
2,768
2,123
5,412
4,017
1,376
1,966
1,612
1,997
2,043
5,722

..
5.8
3.2
5.1
5.3
5.2
3.6
3.7
7.7
5.8
..
2.7
4.3
4.0
3.7
1.9
3.1
2.9
..
5.7
2.0

2,019
..
1,657
506
2,146
679
1,090
1,267
597
678
1,135
961
1,040
1,582
877
1,325
693
1,657
971
476
491

4,522
..
2,739
3,227
4,157
815
1,765
1,753
765
930
1,593
2,195
1,210
1,981
1,314
1,859
825
2,513
1,290
689
1,319

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

..
..
..
..
..
..
..

12.0
8.5
7.3
5.5

30,991
10,407
3,333
1,983

52,315
17,443
9,257
4,201

7.3
6.9
8.0
10.0
8.1
6.9
6.0

5,926
5,686
9,017
8,238
10,194
2,198
2,626

12,178
24,985
13,780
17,607
18,435
8,827
4,148

4.9

1,783

3,005

..

5,045

8,849

l
l

11.5

28,430

47,269

7.9

10,296

18,373

ercent); group 2 comprises countries with medium to high equality in HDI

quality in HDI achievements between women and men (absolute deviation of 7.5-

how the HDI is calculated.