How to Calculate TDS from Salary

TDS, or Tax Deducted at Source, is a type of tax levied by the Indian government wherein taxes
are collected on the basis of pay as you get. The taxes are deducted at the source of payments
such as salary paid to an employee or commission earned by a broker. TDS provides a way for
the government to ensure steady collection of taxes throughout the year, while a taxpayers yearend tax calculations become simpler.

How do you define Salary?

Salary is defined as the remuneration that a person receives periodically for rendering services
based on an implied or express contract. If you are in an employee-employer relationship, you
belong to the salaried class of individuals.
However, not all income is termed as salary. If a professional is being paid for his/her expertise in
a professional capacity, it is termed as Professional/Technical Fees. Similarly, a partner earning
salary from his/her company is charged taxes under Profits & Gains from Profession or
Business. Other examples include the salary paid to a Member of Parliament or a Member of
Legislative Assembly.
According to the Indian Income Tax Act (ITA), 1961, a salary includes pension or annuity, wages,
commission or fees, gratuity, profits or perquisites on salary, salary advance etc.

What is TDS Calculated on?

The CTC quoted to you at the time of joining includes components such as basic salary, travel
allowance, house rent allowance, medical allowance, dearness allowance, special allowances
and other allowances. The CTC is divided into two major categories salary and perquisites.
Perquisites, or perks as they are popularly called, include facilities and benefits provided by the
employer towards expenses such as travelling, canteen and fuel subside, hotel expenses and so
on.

How do I calculate TDS on my salary?

While the basic salary is fully taxable according to respective tax bracket, some exemptions are
available for payments made as allowances and perks. You can calculate TDS on your income by
following the below steps.

Calculate gross monthly income as a sum of basic income, allowances and perquisites.
Calculate available exemptions under Section 10 of the Income Tax Act (ITA).
Exemptions are applicable on allowances such as medical, HRA, travel.
Reduce exemptions according to step (2) for the gross monthly income calculated in step
(1).

As TDS is calculated on yearly income, multiply the corresponding figure from above
calculation by 12. This is your yearly taxable income from salary.
If you have any other income source such as income from house rent or have incurred
losses from paying housing loan interests, add/subtract this amount from the figure in step (4).
Next, calculate your investments for the year which fall under Chapter VI-A of ITA, and
deduct this amount from the gross income calculated in step (5). An example of this would be
exemption of up to Rs.1.5 lakh under Section 80C, which includes investment avenues such as
PPF, life insurance premiums, mutual funds, home loan repayment, ELSS, NSC, Sukanya
Samriddhi account and so on.
Now, reduce the maximum allowable income tax exemptions on a salary. Currently,
income up to Rs.2.5 lakhs is fully exempt from paying taxes, while income from Rs.2.5 lakhs to
Rs.5 lakhs is taxed at 10%, and Rs.5 lakhs to Rs.10 lakhs income bracket is taxed at 20%. All
income above this amount is taxed at 30%.
Do note that senior citizen have different tax slabs and receive higher exemptions than
those discussed above.

Example (linked to FY2014-15 lp)

As per the steps outlined above, lets consider a numeric example for better understanding.

Steps (1) & (2)

Suppose your monthly gross income is Rs.80,000. This figure may contain divisions as basic
pay Rs.50,000, HRA of Rs.20,000, travel allowance of Rs.800, medical allowance of Rs.1,250,
child education allowance (CEA) of Rs.200 and other allowances totalling 12,750.

Steps (3) & (4)

Assuming that you stay at your own property, your monthly exemption from allowances equals
Rs.2,250 (medical + travel + CEA). Therefore, your yearly taxable amount comes to
(Rs.80,000 Rs.2,250)*12, which comes to Rs.9,33,000.

Step (5)
Lets say you just experienced a loss of Rs.1.5 lakhs on house loan interest repayments over
the year. Reducing this exempted amount from the taxable income, your taxable income
becomes Rs.7,83,000.

Step (6)
Suppose you have invested Rs.1.2 lakhs in various categories that fall under Section 80C
exemptions, and made another Rs.30,000 investment in categories falling under Section 80D.
So, the resulting Rs.1.5 lakhs is exempted from taxes according to Chapter VI-A. Deducting
this amount from the gross taxable income calculated above, your taxable income becomes
Rs.6,33,000.

Step (7)
Finding out your tax slab

Your final tax breakup according to income slabs listed by the IT department
is as follows:
TDS Deductions Tax Payable

Income Slab

Up to Rs.2.5 lakhs

NIL

NIL

Rs.2.5 lakhs to Rs.5 lakhs

10% of (Rs.5,00,000-Rs.2,50,000)

Rs.25,000

Rs.5 lakhs to Rs. 6.33 lakhs

20% of (Rs.6,33,000-Rs.5,00,000)

Rs.26,600

Therefore, the final TDS to be deducted on your yearly income is Rs.25,000 + Rs.26,600,
which comes to Rs.51,600 for current years income, or Rs.4,300 per month for the current
fiscal.

Importance of filing correct tax returns:

It is imperative that you are honest about the details of all your income and expenses for a fiscal
for tax calculation purposes. Sometimes, you may miss a few details such as income from
previous job when switching to a new job, or additional income from a contractual opportunity.
This should not happen as hiding or misrepresenting income sources will be heavily penalised by
the respective tax authorities. You have to ensure that all your data is in order and will hold up to
any cross verification at a later stage to avoid problems with the taxman.