Embryo Lab

72 HRS. CHICK EMBRYO

WHOLE MOUNT
FLEXURES=bend- difference from 48 hrs embryo= 2 new flexures (Cervical & Tail)
- CRANIAL (CEPHALIC) FLEXURE
-CERVICAL (NUCHAL) FLEXURE= Level: 1st somite
-TAIL FLEXURE=Caudal end
EXTRA EMBRYONIC MEMBRANE
-AMNION= INNERMOST membrane; somatic mesoderm& ectoderm

ENCLOSES

-CHORION= OUTERMOST membrane; ectoderm& mesoderm

EMBRYO

-ALLANTOIS= sac-like structure; encircled by the tail; function:stores nitrogenous

waste product & respiration
PARTS FOUND WHOLE MOUNT:
TELENCEPHALON
- with NASAL PIT
DIENCEPHALON
-with OPTIC CUPS, LENS VESICLE and OPTIC FISSURE
-with PINEAL BODY (LUMP)
MESENCEPHALON (visible helmet like structure)
-ISTHMUS (depression between Meten &Mesen)
METENCEPHALON (pointed brain structure)
MYELENCEPHALON
-with AUDITORY VESICLE and ENDOLYMPHATIC VESICLE
SPINAL CORD
-with TAIL BUDS

Transverse section (72 hrs)-

more caudal portion of the brain and spinal cord will appear
uppermost
more cephalic portion will appear lowermost
Term
METENCEPHALON

MYELENCEPHALO
N
NEUROMERES
-segmented
enlargement
Posterior CHOROID
PLEXUS
ENDOLYMPHATIC
DUCTS
-thick walled oval
structure
AUDITORY
VESICLE
- bigger than
Endolymphatic duct
-syn: otic
vesicle/otocysts
ACOUSTICOFACIALIS GANGLIA
-dark mass of cells
SPINAL CORD (SC)
-CENTRAL CANAL
-ROOF PLATE
-FLOOR PLATE

Significant
Process/Formation/part
-Undergoes
ENLARGEMENT
-Thicker walls than
myelen
-Thin roof plate

Origin& Fate

Location/Level

F: CEREBELLUM

Ant. of Hindbrain

F:MEDULLA &
adj.SKIN
ECTODERM

Post. Of Hindbrain

Brain: 11 neuromeres
Forebrain: 1st,2nd,3rd
Midbrain: 4th,5th
Hindbrain: 6th to 11th
-Region of
VASCULARIZATION
-appears before Auditory

Lo:thin roof of
MYELEN= folded in
myelocoel
Lo:-walls of
MYELENCEPHALON

- 2 groups of nerve
fibers-auditory
vesicleGanglia(each
side)

-Le: 10th neuromere

- VII ganglia (facial) &

VII nerve(auditory)

Lo: cranial wall of

Auditory vesicles

Structure& layers:
-Cavity of the spinal
cord
-Mid- dorsal wall of
SC
-Mid- Ventral wall

Function

-SULCUS LIMITANS
-ALAR PLATES

-Lateral depression
-Dorsolateral wings

-Btween floor & roof

-Btween sulcus
limitans& roof plate
Btween sulcus
limitans & floor plate

-BASAL PLATES

-Ventrolateral wings

-MARGINAL LAYER
-membrane of sc
-several nerve fibers
& few nuclei
-EPENDYMAL
LAYER
-membrane of sc
-MANTLE LAYER
-membrane of sc

-OUTERMOST LAYER
OF NEURAL TUBE

SEMILUNAR
GANGLION
-syn. Gasserian
ganglion
- large dark mass

-GANGLIA that
subdivides to 3
Branches:
-MAXILLARY
-OPTHALMIC
-MANDIBULAR

SINGLE,INNERMOST
LAYER OF CELLS
-capable of MITOSIS
- INBETWEEN
LAYER(e&m)
- NUCLEATED LAYER

TRIGE
RMINAL

-MAXILLARY
BRANCH
-OPTHALMIC
BRANCH
-MANDIBULAR
BRANCH
SUPERIOR
GANGLION
-small rounded
accumulation of cells
SOMITE
-Compact cell
masses

-MEDIAL BRANCH
-LATERAL BRANCH
near MESEN
-LATERAL BRANCH
near OPTHALMIC
-NERVES(IX):
GLOSSOPHARYNGEA
L NERVE 3rd
Branchial arch
DERMATOME
SCLEROTOME
MYOTOME

MESENCEPHALON -CAVITY=MESOCOEL
-small rounded organ -continues with METEN

OCULOMOTOR
NERVE (III)

-ANTERIOR TO
ACOUSTICOFACIALIS
GANGLION

-NERVE FIBERS(neural
ecto cells)

-Lo: Caudal side of

auditory vesicle

-Lateral to
METENCEPHALON

F: cavity=
CEREBRAL
AQUEDUCT(AQU
EDUCT OF
SYLVIUS)

-Beneath
METENCEPHALON

-Pair of streak from

floor of MESEN

-INNERVATE=4 PAIRS
OF EXTRINSIC EYE
MUSCLE
ANTERIOR
CARDINAL VEIN
-Large vein= space
-syn. Precardinal
vein
NOTOCHORD
-elongated mass of
cells
FOREGUT
CLOSING PLATE
-Double- layered
membrane

PHARYNGEAL
FURROWS

-1ST Pharyngeal
furrow & pouch

-2nd Pharyngeal
furrow & pouch

VISCERAL ARCH

Lateral=mesenchyme
of floor of MYELEN

Btween 2 regions of
HINDBRAIN

ASSOCIATED
STRUCTURES:
FORMED(by):
ENDODERM OF
PHARYNGEAL
POUCHES &
ECTODERM OF
PHARYNGEAL
FURROW
- Result of
INVAGINATION OF
PHARYNGEAL
POUCHES
- ENDODERMAL
EVAGINATION
- continuous w/ pharynx
to outside via
FURROW= v-shaped
ectoderm indentation
- SIMILAR to 1st
P(F&P)= MORE
POSTERIOR SPINAL
CORD
-3rd &4th PF&P& Closing
plate
- THICK WALLS &
FILLED W/
MESENCHYMAL
CELLS

Btween adj.
pharyngeal furrows

MANDIBULAR
ARCH
- Mass of
mesenchyme
HYOID ARCH

Anterior to
stomodeum

Btween 1st
Pouch(Hyomandibula
r)& Furrow & 2nd
Furrow

SYMPHYSIS OF
LOWER JAW

- 2 Arches fused
ventrally

DORSAL AORTA

- Constricted into 2
parts(PAIRED
STRUCTURE)

- Cut frontally on
each side of
FOREGUT
-LEVEL: 1st
PHARYNGEAL
POUCH
- within
MANDIBULAR
PROCESS

1ST AORTIC ARCH

2ND,3RD,4TH AORTIC
ARCH
VENTRAL AORTA
-syn. AORTIC SAC,
TRUNCUS
ARTERIOSUS

DESCENDING
AORTA
INTERNAL
CAROTID ARTERY
-narrower vessel
JUGULAR
GANGLION
-dark small mass
cells
THYROID
RUDIMENTS

- extend from Dorsal

aorta to 2,3,4 Branchial
arches
1ST AORTIC ARCH
separate vessel in
mandibular archFused
and continuous
- ventral ends= 2nd & 3rd
AORTIC ARCH fuse
-result from FUSION OF
PAIRED AORTA
- Broken into 2
O: arises as
segments by
CRANIAL
PHARYNGEAL POUCH EXTENSION OF
DORSAL AORTA
- fades out within 4th
O: arise from
BRANCHIAL ARCH
GROUP OF
NEURAL CREST
CELLS
O: FLOOR OF
PHARYNX=
MEDIAN

-Lo: Posterior to 3rd

Pharyngeal pouch
- Lo: Mesenchymal
lateral to the
notochord
-Posterior to IX
nerve(Glossopharyng
eal nerve)
LEVEL: 1ST AND 2ND
PHARYNGEAL
POUCHES

DIVERTICULUM/
DEPRESSION
ORAL PLATE

PREORAL GUT
-small gut pocket
STOMODEUM
-SLIT-LIKE SPACE
RATCHKES
POCKET
-IRREGULAR
POCKET

ENDODERM=PHARYN
X, ECTODERM=
STOMODEUM
* RUPTURES TO
FORM THE MOUTH
Less conspicuous as
oral plate ruptures
-LINED BY ECTODERM
-LINED W/ CUBOIDAL
EPITHELIUM
-SERVES AS
RUDIMENT OF THE
ANTERIOR PITUITARY
GLAND

LO: CRANIAL TO
PHARYNGEAL
MEMBRANE
BETWEEN 2
VISCERAL ARCHES