Alkaline

Champion Boy
Lyrics

(Intro)

One bag a gold medal pon mi hi nuh

Champion bwoy you know how the
damn thing go
Pon a podium a sing the anthem to
(Chorus)
Man a born sheller ,Mi a the god
damn bwoy
Thats why everybody hate the
champion bwoy
Have a rich gyal in a the anthans
bwoy
Dem wish a never me did a the
champion bwoy
Norman a come a Sangsters bwoy
Flight every week mi a the god damn
bwoy
Just buss and buy a mansion bwoy
Champion, mi a the champion bwoy
(Verse 1)
Have mi own a name, and mi have
mi own a fame
And hi nuh need no more gypa
Mi need a money counter
Counting a get annoying sometime
Mi cyaa tek the stifle
Dem artist yah rate mi too much
Every song weh dem sing mi name in
a the title

Cause a yesterday mi spend a hour

pon the phone
A gi mi financial advisor advise to
Mi wish some a dem youth yah never
so frighten fi gyal
Every chance dem get dem go wife
up
Mi touch yo gyal hurt up her belly
And mi might go a second now if mi
idle
Dem nuh have a hot song
Cyaa left the caribbean
Sometime mi wonder how dem
survive
Dem did a seh mi career soon dead
A two years now and mi never feel
more alive
(Repeat Chorus)
(Verse 2)
Dem yah story yah cyaa come pon
ER
It haffi go-go pon profile
Mi never get no right fi a mash up the
place
And a kill dem wid bare style
Mi would a be dem favorite if mi chat
up wid dem
And gossip up wid dem and smile
And a who fa mother this?
Yow a who fa father this?
Somebody need fi come get dem,
dem time up
The table dem end to the pot dem
turn down
And it look like dem wash up to me
Wa that dem waan fia do it or not
Mi naw ask dem nuh stop study me
Cyaa member dem, yow mi dont
member dem
But a everyday dem member me

Unless you name Jodiann Maxwell

you cyaa chat to me
(Repeat Chorus)
Testing a Leaf for Starch
Apparatus/Materials
bunsen burner, tripod stand, wire
gauze(OR 90oC electric water bath OR
hot plate)
250 cm3 beaker
boiling tube
anti- bumping granules
forceps
test tube holder
white tile
leaf to be tested (hibiscus leaves are
excellent)
90% ethanol
iodine/potassium iodide solution

Add a few drops of iodine/potassium

iodide solution to the leaf and note
any observations.
Observations/Results
The leaf was flaccid (soft) after being
boiled in water
The ethanol changed from colorless to
green
The leaf was brittle after being boiled
in ethanol
The leaf become flaccid once more
after being rinsed in cold water
After iodine solution was added...
Observation
No color change (Iodine Solution
remains brown)
Iodine/Potassium Iodide solution
changed from brown to blue- black

Procedure
The video above shows the steps in
Testing a Leaf for the Presence of
Starch. The Procedure outlined below
is slightly different.

Interpretation

Remove a green leaf from a plant that

has been exposed to sunlight for a few
hours
Half-fill a 250cm3 beaker with water.
Heat the water until it boils. Keep the
water at boiling point.
Use the forceps to place the leaf in the
boiling water. Boil for 2 minutes.
Turn off the Bunsen Burner. (If you are
using a heat source without a naked
flame - electric water bath or hot plate
- this step is unnecessary.)
Place the boiled leaf in a boiling tube
containing 90% ethanol.
Place the boiling tube in hot water and
boil for 10 minutes or until the leaf
decolourizes. ( It may be necessary
to replace the ethanol)
Gently remove the leaf and wash with
a fine trickle of cold tap water.
Spread the leaf evenly on a white tile.

Describe Photosynthesis. Use a symbol

equation.
Photosynthesis is the process by which
light energy is harvested by
chlorophyll and used to convert
inorganic raw materials - carbon
dioxide and water - to products glucose and oxygen. Most
photosynthesis takes places in the
green parts of plants and more
specifically, in the leaves.
Photosynthesis involves 2 stages - the
Light-dependent Stage and the Lightindependent stage. In the lightdependent stage, water is photolyzed
by sunlight into Hydrogen and oxgen.
Hydrogen enters the second stage,
oxgen is gaseous by-product.

Starch is not present. Starch is present

Discussion Questions & Answers

In the light - independent stage

enzymes catalyse the reduction of
carbon dioxide by hydrogen. The

carbohydrate, glucose is first formed.

Glucose may be immediately used,
translocated in the form of fructose or
sucrose or stored as starch granules.
The overall equation for
photosynthesis is:
Picture
Why is starch tested for and not
glucose?
Glucose is the product of
photosynthesis, and is rapidly
converted to granules of starch - a
polymer of glucose - for storage.
Starch granules have been visualized
in the stroma of the chloroplast as
well as the cytoplasm.
It is advantageous to the plant to
convert glucose to starch. Starch is
insoluble in water and therefore not a
solute in the solution component of
the stroma. Glucose on the other hand
is soluble in water and if it
accumulated in the stroma, the stroma
would become more concentrated hypertonic - relative to the cytoplasm.
Water would move from the
cytoplasm ( higher water potential) via
osmosis into the stroma of the
chloroplasts (lower water potential),
causing them to swell and burst.
.
What observations will you make if the
test is positive?
The iodine solution will turn from
brown to blue - black.
Explain the significance of boiling the
leaf in water.
Boiling the leaf in water
Removes the waxy cuticle which
prevents entry of iodine/potassium
iodide solution.
Ruptures cell membranes to make
starch granules in cytoplasm and
chloroplasts accessible to
iodine/potassium iodide solution. Cell
membranes are selectively permeable

and do not readily allow the

penetration of iodine.
Denatures enzymes, particularly
those which convert starch to glucose
e.g. diastase. Boiling arrests all
chemical reactions, since enzymes
which catalyse the reactions are
denatured. Denatured enzymes have
altered or destroyed active sites due
to heat, pH, ionic concentration
Account for the texture of the leaf
after being boiled in water.
The leaf was flaccid (soft) as cell
membranes were ruptured and turgor
pressure was lost.
Explain the significance of boiling the
leaf in ethanol
Chlorophyll is a green pigment and so
masks the colour change of the iodine
test for starch. Chlorophyll needs to be
removed from the leaf i.e. the leaf
needs to be ' decolourized' for
changes to be observed. A
decolourized leaf is pale yellow or
green. Ethanol is an organic solvent
and so extracts chlorophyll from the
leaf.
Account for the texture of the leaf
after being boiled in ethanol.
The leaf was brittle as ethanol
dehydrated (extracted water) from the
leaf.
Explain the significance of rinsing the
leaf in water.
The leaf was rinsed in water to
rehydrate it. Iodine solution is an
aqueous solution of iodine/potassium
iodie - potassium tri-iodide; water is
needed inside the leaf to enable
penetration by diffusion.
State whether starch is present
Starch is present OR Starch is not
present.

Which products of photosynthesis may

be present but not revealed by the
iodine test?
Glucose, fructose and sucrose are all
carbohydrate products of
photosynthesis not revealed by the
iodine test for starch.
Do your results indicate that starch is
the first product of photosynthesis?
The results do not indicate whether
starch is the initial, intermediate or
final product of photosynthesis.
How can this experiment be extended
to demonstrate conclusively that
photosynthesis has taken place?

We do not know whether starch has

accumulated in the leaf as a result of
photosynthesis or whether the starch
is permanently present in the leaf. To
improve this experiment, the plant
needs to be de-starched, and the
leaves tested for the presence of
starch.
Once it is demonstrated that all starch
has been utilized or removed,
photosynthesis is allowed to take
place by exposing the plant to
sunlight. The leaves of the plant are
now tested for the presence of starch.
If starch is present, then it has been
synthesized by photosynthesis. We
can then conclude that the presence
of starch indicates that photosynthesis
has taken place.