Professional Documents
Culture Documents
2016
Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences (JBES)
ISSN: 2220-6663 (Print) 2222-3045 (Online)
Vol. 8, No. 2, p. 114-123, 2016
http://www.innspub.net
RESEARCH PAPER
OPEN ACCESS
Abstract
The present study was designed to record the distribution of ground dwelling spider genera among mustard crop
at Okara district. Sampling was made from Brassica compestris crop through pitfall traps. Equal number of traps
were placed in three rows e.g. along the boundary, middle of the field and centre of the field. Each trap was filled
with mixture solution of alcohol and glycerin (70:30%) along with few drops of kerosene oil. After 5 days interval
sample traps was collected and spider specimens were washed with distilled water and permanently stored in
labeled glass vials, and brought into the Pest Control Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Wildlife and Fisheries,
University of Agriculture, Faisalabad. Thereafter, each spider specimen was identified according to the taxonomic
material and internet source. Identified data was analyzed statistically to quantify their spatial distribution.
Maximum spatial distribution of spider population was documented in middle transect than boundary and centre
of the mustard crop. It was also observed that temperature, humidity and prey availability were the major factors
that effecting the spider population. Population variations were recorded during the months of February, March
and April in 2015, due to rise of temperature, decrease of humidity and availability of prey. Conclusively, spiders
have some correlation with suitable local conditions or habitat. More over, spiders are cost effective, functionally
significant and play important role in regulating decomposer population.
*Corresponding
2014).
Okara district.
Study area
The present study was designed to record spatial
have
for
remarkable
abundance
and
are
highly
bio-control
purposes.
Presently,
these
Okara district
crops
and
ecosystems.
consequently
By
habitat
safeguard
management.
the
agro-
We
can
8081
(304829.160N)
latitude
and
73,
4458
capture.
Identification
between
36-440C
in summer and
2-280C
in winter.
naked
eye,
magnifying
glass
and
under
the
Statistical analysis
field was 5m. Pitfall traps were 12cm long glass jars
Collection of data
For mustard crop, ideal field measuring 7200 sq. ft.
Results
crop
reference material.
Preservation
for
bellied
family
mustard field.
ground
spiders
them.
However,
minimum
population
of
Table 1. The number of families, genera and species recorded from mustard field at Okara district.
Sr.No.
Families
No. of Specimen
No. of Genera
Araneidae
34
Clubionidae
21
Gnaphosidae
90
Linyphiidae
75
Lycosidae
147
Salticidae
21
Thomisidea
33
Total
421
21
live in leaf litter and shaddy areas. The study area was
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
Total
Araneidae
11
31
Clubionidae
12
24
Gnaphosidae
22
27
31
90
Linyphiidae
15
25
25
75
Lycosidae
12
32
43
54
147
Salticidae
21
Thomisidea
12
10
33
Grand Total
35
11
90
129
150
421
crop
(N=38) respectively.
crop
by
Tchatkalophantes
(Family:
Drassodes
(Family
(Family
Lycosidae)
8.57
Gnaphosidae),
Lyniphiidae),
%
(n
Lycosa
03).
Table 3. Monthly record of spiders genera captured from mustard field at Okara district.
Family
Araneidae
Clubionidae
Gnaphosidae
Linyphiidae
Lycosidae
Salticidae
Thomisidea
Genera
Araneus Clerck, 1757
Gea C. L. Koch, 1843
Neoscona Simon, 1864
Cyclosa Menge, 1866
Clubiona latreille,1804
Drassodes
Gnaphosa Latreille, 1804
Scotophaeus Simon, 1893
Zelotes Gistel, 1848
Tapinocyboides Wiehle, 1960
Tchatkalophantes
Tanasevitch, 2001
Tiso Simon, 1884
Evippa Simon, 1882
Hogna Simon,1885
Lycosa Latreille, 1804
Pardosa C. L. Koch, 1847
Myrmarachne MacLeay, 1839
Plexippus C. L. Koch, 1846
Runcinia Simon, 1875
Thomisus Walckenaer, 1805
Xysticus
Grand Total
Nov-14
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
3
Mar-15
3
2
2
2
6
9
5
6
7
7
9
Apr-15
7
2
2
3
9
16
3
6
6
8
8
Total
14
7
5
8
21
38
13
17
22
21
28
2
5
2
3
2
2
0
1
1
0
35
1
2
0
1
0
0
0
1
0
0
11
9
18
3
13
9
3
4
5
3
4
129
9
22
6
15
11
3
4
4
2
4
150
26
60
15
41
31
11
10
13
9
11
421
0
1
1
5
12
3
9
8
3
2
2
3
3
90
1
0
0
0
0
0
6
Table 4. Relative abundance of spiders genera captured from the Mustard crop at Okara district.
Family
Genera
Nov-14
Dec-14
Jan-15
Feb-15
Mar-15
Apr-15
Araneidae
2.85(1)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
2.22(2)
2.32(3)
4.67(7)
2.85(1)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
1.11(1)
1.55(2)
1.33(2)
2.85(1)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
1.55(2)
1.33(2)
2.85(1)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
1.11(1)
1.55(2)
2.0(3)
Clubionidae
Clubiona latreille,1804
5.71(2)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
12.12(4)
4.65(6)
6.0(9)
Gnaphosidae
Drassodes
8.57(3)
9.09(1)
16.66(1)
8.88(8)
6.97(9)
10.66(16)
2.85(1)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
12.12(4)
3.87(5)
2.0(3)
2.85(1)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
12.12(4)
4.65(6)
4.0(6)
2.85(1)
9.09(1)
16.66(1)
6.66(6)
5.42(7)
4.0(6)
5.71(2)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
12.12(4)
5.42(7)
5.33(8)
8.57(3)
9.09(1)
16.66(1)
6.66(6)
6.97(9)
5.33(8)
5.71(2)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
15.15(5)
6.97(9)
6.0(9)
14.28(5)
18.18(2)
16.66(1)
13.33(12)
13.95(18)
14.66(22)
Hogna Simon,1885
5.71(2)
0.00(0)
16.66(1)
3.33(3)
2.32(3)
4.0(6)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
10.0(9)
10.07(13)
10.0(15)
5.71(2)
0.00(0)
16.66(1)
8.88(8)
6.97(9)
7.33(11)
5.71(2)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
3.33(3)
2.32(3)
2.0(3)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
2.22(2)
3.10(4)
2.66(4)
2.85(1)
9.09(1)
0.00(0)
2.22(2)
3.87(5)
2.66(4)
2.85(1)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
3.33(3)
2.32(3)
1.33(2)
Xysticus
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
0.00(0)
3.33(3)
3.10(4)
2.66(4)
8.31(35)
2.61(11)
1.41(6)
21.37(90)
30.64(129) 35.62(150)
Linyphiidae
Lycosidae
Salticidae
Thomisidea
Grand Total
(Family
(Family Lycosidae)
16.66% (n
by
Drassodes,
Zelotes
(Family
Gnaphosidae),
Lyniphidae),
Evippa,
almost equal
Hogna,
Pardosa
01).
H Shannon
Lambda
Evenness
Dominance
November
December
January
February
March
April
19
10
6
20
21
21
35
11
6
90
129
150
2.8053
2.2719
1.7918
2.8116
2.8618
2.8191
0.0694
0.1074
0.1667
0.0696
0.0671
0.072
0.9527
0.9867
1.000
0.9386
0.94
0.9259
0.0473
0.0133
0.000
0.0614
0.060
0.0741
6.97%(n
09), Drassodes
09),
Zelotes
(Family:
Lycosidae),
8.88% (n 08),
Myrmarachne
Gnaphosidae),
abundance
and
abundance
was
wss
recorded
for
(n 06)
Evippa
(Family:
recoded
for
(n
Cyclosa
03)
Saltisidae),
2.32%
(Family:
followed
(Family:
byGea,
Aranidae),
Lycosa
13), Drassodes
Tapinocyboides,
1.33% (n 02).
(Family:
Lyniphidae),
Degrees
of
Sum of squares
Mean squares
F-value
freedom
Months
16332.6
3266.51
20.98**
Crop
49.0
49.00
0.31NS
Transect
4423.7
2211.86
14.20**
Crop x Transect
24.5
12.25
0.08NS
Error
25
3893.1
155.72
Total
35
24722.9
Mean SE
November-14
11.503.03
CD
December-14
4.000.82
January-15
2.330.71
February-15
26.336.73
March-15
42.339.22
April-15
60.8311.79
Mustard Crop
Mean SE
Boundary
27.50
8.82
Middle
34.00
12.87
Center
8.67
Mean
23.39
3.71
5.66A
Means sharing similar letter in a row or in a column are statistically non-significant (P>0.05).
Comparison of diversity indices among mustard
crop
1.0000
and
dominance
0.0000
was
Relative abundance
Pie graph (Fig.1) represent the relative abundance of
Salticidae
district.
Maximum
abundance
of
spiders
5%
respectively.
Maximum
relative
was
Fig. 1. Pie graph represent the relative abundance of spider families in mustard crop.
Analysis of variance
Discussion
April
significan
(34.0012.87)
significant
centre
(60.8311.79)
were
(8.673.71)
was
statistically
statistically
was
non
statistically
significant
175-201.
Conclusion
Conclusively, despite to cosmopolitan nature, spiders
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