Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SECTION: TITLE
SHEET
OF 4
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
iOF iii
REV.NO
R0
R1
R2
INITIALS
SIGN
INITIALS
SIGN
INITIALS
PPD.BY
VTK
Sd/-
KSS
Sd/-
KSS
CKD.BY
SNM
Sd/-
MSCN
Sd/-
BRR
APP.BY
MRR
Sd/-
MGK
Sd/-
SMP
DATE
1981-03-12
2000-02-15
ISSUE
SIGN
INITIALS
SIGN
R2
30-10-2009
TCE FORM NO. 020R3
SECTION:REV STAT
ii
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SHEET
OF iii
CONTENTS
SECTION
TITLE
SHEET NO
1.0
SCOPE
2.0
3.0
NOTATIONS
4.0
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
5.0
INPUT DATA
6.0
LOADS
7.0
LOAD COMBINATIONS
23
8.0
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
24
9.0
DESIGN PROCEDURE
25
10.0
CHIMNEY PROGRAM
34
11.0
DESIGN EXAMPLE
34
12.0
DESIGN OF STRAKES
85
ISSUE
R2
FORM NO.120R2
SECTION:REV STAT
iii
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
REV.NO.
R1
DATE
2000-02-15
R2
30-10-2009
SHEET
OF iii
DESCRIPTION
DESIGN GUIDE REVISED TO
SATISFY IS:4998(PART 1)-1992
GENERALLY REVISED
ISSUE
R2
FORM NO.120R2
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
1.0
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 1 OF 89
SCOPE
This guide sets out the procedure to be followed for the design of
reinforced concrete chimney shell, for single or multiflue chimneys. Method
of estimation of loads due to wind as per IS:4998 is also explained. Design
of corbels is covered in M6-CV-RC-P-015.
2.0
(b)
(c)
IS 456 : 1978
(d)
IS 1893 : 1984
(e)
IS 875 : 1987
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Part 1
Part 2
Part 3
:
:
:
Dead loads
Imposed loads
Wind loads
(f)
(g)
Tall chimneys
(h)
NOTE *
3.0
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
FZ
pZ
=
=
CD
dz
Vcri
fi
d
=
=
=
=
=
Sn
oi
=
=
CL
H
zi
=
=
=
Ksi
s
=
=
=
mei
=
=
Fzoi
Mzoi
mz
Fzm
=
=
=
=
G
gf
=
=
r
B
=
=
S
VID
=
=
CL
=
=
=
ka
Moe / Moi
rm
=
=
=
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SHEET 2 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
Tx
t
tb
T
To
=
=
=
=
=
Cb
CC
CS
Db
Dbi
DC
DCi
DCO
DS
K1
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
K2
Kr
KS
rq
Mk
W
e
=
=
=
ts
cu
=
=
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SHEET 3 OF 89
m.
Temperature gradient
Thickness of concrete shell in m.
Thickness of lining in m.
Maximum temperature of gas inside chimney in 0C
Minimum temperature of outside air surrounding chimney in
0
C
Co-efficient of thermal conductivity of chimney lining in kilo
calories per metre per hour per degree centigrade difference
of temperature
Co-efficient of thermal conductivity of the concrete of
chimney shell in kilo calories per metre per hour per degree
centigrade difference of temperature
Co-efficient of thermal conductivity of insulation between
lining and shell in the kilo calories per metre per hour per
degree centigrade difference of temperature
Mean diameter of lining in m.
Inside diameter of lining in m.
Mean diameter of concrete chimney shell in m.
Inside diameter of concrete chimney shall be in m.
Outside diameter of concrete chimney shell in m.
Mean diameter of space between lining and shell in m.
Co-efficient of heat transmission from gas to inner surface of
chimney lining when chimney is lined or to inner surface of
chimney shell when chimney is unlined in kilo calories per
square metre per hour per degree centigrade difference of
temperature.
Co-efficient of heat transmission from outside surface of
chimney shell to surrounding air in kilo calories per square
metre per hour per degree centigrade difference of
temperature.
Co-efficient of heat transmission by radiation between
outside surface of lining & inside surface of concrete chimney
shell in kilo calories per square metre per hour per degree
centigrade difference of temperature
Co-efficient of heat transfer between outside surface of lining
and inside surface of wall for chimney with ventilated air
space in kilo calories per square metre per hour per degree
centigrade difference of temperature.
Ratio of heat transmission through chimney shell to heat
transmission through lining for chimneys with ventilated air
spaces.
Moment due to corbel in N-m.
Load due to corbel in N.
Distance between centre line of the shell and the centre of
gravity of the load in m.
Thickness of the shell at the section under consideration in m.
28 days ultimate cube strength of concrete in kg/cm2
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
sy
m
p
np
r
W
M
e
fc
fc(max)
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
fs
fsh
fsc
Ft
=
=
=
=
Ec
k
a
=
=
=
t
ctc
=
=
P1
Z1
Es
STC
=
=
CWCT
CWCC
SWCT
WP
r
=
=
t1
f"CWC
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
4.0
fswc
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SHEET 5 OF 89
GENERAL ARRANGEMENT
A reinforced concrete chimney is usually of two types
(a) Single flue - when one chimney serves one boiler
(b) Multi flue - when one chimney serves more than one boiler
Both single flue and multiflue chimneys can have either brick lining or steel
lining.
In case of single flue chimneys with brick lining, the lining is supported on
corbels or a grid work of beams at every 10 m intervals or less. If the lining
is of steel, then major portion of lining is supported from the top of
chimney (top hung) and a small portion of lining is supported at the bottom.
Lateral restraint is provided for the lining at certain intervals.
In case of multiflue chimneys with brick lining, the lining is supported on a
grid work of beams with platform at every 10 m intervals or less. If the
lining is of steel then again a major portion of lining is supported from the
top of chimney (top hung) and a small portion of lining is supported at the
bottom. Lateral restraint is provided for the lining at certain intervals.
Internal platforms with a grid work of beams are provided to access the
flues. A roof slab at top covers the chimney with provision to access it
through a manhole at roof level. There is also a provision to collect rain
water at roof level, bring it down through downtake pipes and collect it in a
sump.
Design of steel flue is covered in M6-CV-034
5.0
INPUT DATA
The following information is required before proceeding with the design of
chimney shell.
5.1
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
5.2
Project Data
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
6.0
SHEET 6 OF 89
5.3
SECTION: WRITE-UP
LOADS
As per IS 4998 : 1992, the following loads shall be considered to act on the
chimney shell
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
6.1
Dead loads
Imposed loads
Wind loads
Earthquake loads
Temperature effects or Thermal loads
Moment due to corbel loads
Dead Loads
Dead loads shall include the weight of chimney shell, liners, liner supports,
other accessories and load of ash and soot as applicable. Unit weight of the
materials shall be taken in accordance with IS 875 (Part 1). Unit weight of
certain materials are listed below :
Concrete
Brick lining
Acid proof tiles
Mortar
Cellular concrete
Ash (Flue dust, dry)
Steel
Insulation around flue
6.2
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
25 kN/m
20 kN/m
20 kN/m
20.4 kN/m
24 kN/m
7.05 kN/m
78.5 kN/m
0.80 kN/m3
Imposed Loads
Imposed loads shall be taken in accordance with IS 875 (Part 2). The
imposed loads on internal platform and roof of multiflue chimneys shall
include appropriate loads during construction. For the overall design of
chimney shell and foundation, imposed loads need not be considered.
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Wind Loads
The method of estimating wind loads is given in Annex A of IS 4998 (Part
1) : 1992. In order to estimate the dynamic wind loads, the mode shapes
and frequencies of the chimney shell is necessary. Hence, prior to the
calculation of the wind loads, a free vibration analysis of the chimney shell
has to be done considering it to be a cantilever fixed at base. Any standard
method like STAAD-III, involving discretization of the structure and
assuming it to be made of a homogeneous material with a suitable value of
elastic modulus can be used. The following values of the modulus of
elasticity of concrete shall be considered for calculating the natural
frequencies.
Grade of Concrete
M25
M30
M35
M40
(b)
As per IS 4998 (Part 1) : 1992, both the along and across wind forces shall
be calculated by two methods
(i)
(ii)
The method which yields higher moments shall be considered for the design
of chimney shell.
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As the formulae given in the code are not fully explicit, they have been
listed here along with a brief explanation.
6.3.1
Simplified method
6.3.1.1
---------(1)
Across-wind loads
In order to calculate across-wind loads, the following procedure shall be
followed.
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(a)
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SHEET 9 OF 89
5000 + 7000
--------------- = 6000 mm
2
5000 + 7000
--------------- = 6000 mm
2
Calculate the critical wind speed (Vcri) for the ith mode of vibration
from the following equation
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
fi x d
Vcri = ----Sn
----------(2)
dz zi dz
o
oi
-----------------
CL
-----------------
----------(3)
2zi dz
4 S2n Ksi
= height of chimney in m
Sn
----------
(4)
s
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
mei = equivalent mass per unit length in kg/m in the ith mode of
vibration
H
mz zi dz
o
-----------------
----------(5)
zi dz
o
All the above parameters are calculated by integrating over the total
height of the chimney. In the actual case, the integration can be
achieved by dividing the chimney into large number of small segments
and calculating the value of the integrals at the middle of each
segment. The values so obtained are summed over the total height of
the chimney.
The above calculation of oi is acceptable upto 4 percent of the
effective diameter. If the so computed value of oi exceeds 4 percent
of the effective diameter, the amplitude of oscillation oi shall be
increased as follows :
Amplitude of oscillation oi (for computed value of oi 0.04d)
= (computed value of oi) / (0.4d)
(e)
----------(6)
For the ith mode of vibration, calculate the shear force Fzoi and bending
moment Mzoi at any height zo of the section from the equations
H
Fzoi = 4 fi oi mz zi dz
zo
----------(7)
Mzoi
= 4 fi oi mz zi (z zo) dz
zo
----------(8)
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
fi
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Repeat steps (d) and (e) for all the modes to be considered as per step
(c) above.
6.3.2
6.3.2.1
Along-wind response
The along-wind response of a chimney shall be calculated by the Gust
Factor method. The use of Gust Factor method requires a knowledge of
Hourly Mean Wind Speed (HMW). Hourly mean wind speed at any height
(z), shall be obtained as per IS 875 (Part 3).
The along-wind load per unit height at any height z on a chimney shall be
calculated from the equation
Fz = Fzm + Fzf
----------(9)
Where, Fzm is the wind load in N/m height due to HMW at height z and is
given by
_
Fzm = pz . CD . dz
----------(10)
The design wind pressure (pz) shall be calculated using the HMW speed
indicated in clause 8.2 and 8.3 of IS 875 (Part 3). Factors k 1 and k3 will be
the same as calculated in clause 5.3.1.1. Terrain, height and structure size
factor (k2) shall be read from Table 33 of IS 875 (Part 3).
The drag coefficient (CD) of the chimney shell shall be taken as 0.8.
however, if strakes are mounted on the surface of chimney, the drag
coefficient shall be modified as indicated in Table 1 of IS 4998 (Part 1) :
1992.
Fzf is the wind load in N/m height due to the fluctuating component of wind
at height z and is given by
Fzf
3 (G-1) z H
= -------- --- Fzm . z . dz
H
H o
----------(11)
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
{B ( SE / )}
----------(12)
Where
gf = peak factor defined as the ratio of the expected peak value to RMS
value of the fluctuating load
=
0.577
(2 log e T
2 log e T
----------(13)
----------(14)
1+
0.63
----265
----------(15)
----------(17)
----------(18)
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Across-wind loads
In order to calculate across-wind loads, the following procedure shall be
followed
(a)
(b)
Calculate the wind speed at 5/6 height of chimney using the factors
k1, k2 and k3 as given in clause 6.3.2.1.
(c)
Calculate the critical wind speed (Vcri) for the ith mode of vibration
as explained in clause 6.3.1.2 (c). All the modes which give a critical
wind speed upto 10% more than wind speed calculated in item (b)
above shall be considered for subsequent analysis.
(d)
For example:
Case 1 For a 150 m high chimney with following configuration for
top half of chimney (Refer fig.3)
dav
5000 + 7000
= --------------- = 6000 mm
2
2 (6000 5000)
Taper = -------------------- = 0.01333 = 1 in 75
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150000
Case 2 For a 150 m high chimney with following configuration for
top half of chimney (Refer fig.4)
dav
5000 + 7000
= --------------- = 6000 mm
2
2 (6000 5000)
Taper = -------------------- = 0.01333 = 1 in 75
150000
(e)
1 _ 2zi dz
H
1/2
------(20)
1/2
- ka d
mei
Where
_
CL
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
(f)
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ka
2 S n mei 2zi . dz .
2
- ka d
mei
1/2
where
Zei = height in mt. at which d4z zi is maximum in the ith mode
t
of vibration
t =
- _ (dz) + . dz
z
z
----------(22)
z = zei
Terrain category
1
2
3
4
3 km from sea shore
0.10
0.14
0.18
0.34
0.12
In the above equations both zei and t are unknowns. Hence initially
it is assumed that ze = H and the value of t is calculated. Then the
term d4z zi (say equal to x) is evaluated.
t
The value of z is progressively decreased and the value of x is
evaluated. The value of oi is calculated at height z where x is
maximum. The procedure is repeated for all significant modes.
For very tall chimneys oi may not show a maximum in any of the
modes. In such a case the value of ze shall be taken as that value
where Vcr for that mode equals the maximum expected wind
velocity Vz at ze.
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
6.3.3
SECTION: WRITE-UP
(g)
Calculate the shear force Fzoi and bending moment Mzoi at any
height zo as explained in clause 6.3.1.2 (e).
(h)
Repeat steps (e) or (f) and (g) for all the modes to be considered as
per step (c) above.
----------(23)
Where
Moe and Moi = external and internal ring moments
pz
rm
The design wind pressure (pz), for the circumferential ring moments, shall
be obtained in accordance with IS 875 (Part 3) clause 5.3 and 5.4, treating
the chimney as class A structure.
The hoop force and shear due to ovalling need not be considered.
6.3.4
Ovalling oscillations
Because of the relatively small thickness of the chimney at the top
compared to its diameter, possibilities of ovalling oscillations will have to
be examined only if the diameter of the chimney exceeds 75 times the wall
thickness at top.
6.3.5
Aerodynamic interference
All the above calculations for wind load are for isolated chimney. When a
cluster of chimneys is present, aerodynamic interference between them may
increase the total wind load. Aerodynamic interference shall be considered
for along-wind load only if the spacing between the centre lines of the
chimneys is less than 3 times the effective diameter of the largest chimney.
The enhancement in wind loads will be due to an increase in the value of
CD. The value of CD for each chimney located within a distance of 3 times
the effective diameter, may be calculated by assuming the value of CD to be
increasing linearly from 0.8 (for a spacing of 3 effective diameters) to a
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6.4
Seismic Loads
The seismic loads on a chimney are estimated using the response spectrum
method. The mode shapes and natural frequencies obtained for dynamic
wind load analysis can also be used to conduct a seismic analysis for the
chimney. Usually the first five modes are considered for analysis. In the
absence of a site specific response spectrum, the spectrum indicated in IS
1893 shall be used for the estimation of earthquake loads.
In order to estimate the seismic loads, the chimney shall be considered as a
cantilever fixed at base and any standard method like STAAD III involving
discretization of the structure and lumping the mass at the nodes can be
used.
6.5
Thermal Loads
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Air inlets shall be provided near the base with proper covering for the
openings so as to prevent any dirt or tiny creatures entering the air
gap.
(ii)
The number and size of openings in the chimney wall and each corbel
shall be such as to have a total area of not less than two-thirds of the
area of minimum air gap.
(iii) Such openings in shell may be distributed in more than one layer, if
required, to minimize the reduction in shell area which may otherwise
weaken the shell.
(iv) Adequate arrangement should be made at the top of chimney for
egress of the heated air.
As per equation 15 of IS 4998 (Part 1) 1975, temperature gradient
tDbi
Tx = -----(24)
CcDc
T - To
------------------------------------------------1_+
tb Dbi_ +
rqK1 rqCbDb
Dbi +
KsDs
tDbi +
CcDc
------
Dbi _
K2 Dco
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----------(25)
Where
MK = moment due to corbel in N-m
W = load due to corbel in N and
e = distance between centre line of the shell and the centre of gravity of
the load in m
whenever the corbel is above or below an opening, the moment M K shall be
taken = W.e
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In the above formula (+) and (-) refer to the tension on inner face of the
shell above the corbel and outer face of the shell below the corbel
respectively. The effect of this may be taken as distributed over a length
equivalent to the depths of the corbel at the junction with the shell or 0.76
(rmts), in m whichever is greater, where
rm = mean radius of the shell at section under consideration in m
ts
7.0
LOAD COMBINATIONS
As per clause 5.3 of IS 4998 (Part 1) : 1992, the various load combinations
to be considered for the design of chimney shell shall be :
(a)
(b)
(c)
(d)
(e)
(f)
(g)
(h)
(i)
Dead loads
Dead loads + Wind loads
Dead loads + Earthquake loads
Dead loads + Thermal loads
Dead loads + Wind loads + Thermal loads
Dead loads + Earthquake loads + Thermal loads
Circumferential effect due to wind
Circumferential effect due to temperature
Circumferential effect due to wind + temperature
NOTES
PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
As per clause 7 of IS:4998 (Part 1) 1975, the stresses in concrete and
steel shall not exceed the following limits for various combinations of loads.
TABLE- 1 Permissible stresses
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Load Combination
0.275 cu
0.57 sy
0.40 cu
0.60 sy
0.33 cu
0.55 sy
0.65 sy
+ 0.50 cu
0.65 sy
0.30 cu
0.50 sy
Circumferential stress
induced ring moment
wind 0.07 cu
(tensile)
0.50 sy
due
force
to
0.65 sy
DESIGN PROCEDURE
9.1
Proportioning
The height of the chimney as well as the diameter at the top are normally
chosen so that exit velocity and dispersion of gases are within the specified
limits. The bottom diameter is more frequently controlled by the structural
requirements of both the concrete shell and the foundation. A height to
outside base diameter ratio in the range of 10-15 will provide good
proportion for the design of both the chimney and the foundation.
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Minimum Requirements
The following requirements regarding the chimney shell shall be adopted
9.3
1)
2)
3)
Design Methodology
The chimney is designed as a cantilever beam of circular cross section.
Direct load is due to vertical load while moments are created by horizontal
wind or earthquake forces. The chimney is designed using working stress
method as explained in IS 4998 (Part 1) : 1975.
Stresses in the chimney shell are checked at various sections. Generally
these sections should be at 10 m intervals along the height of the shell or at
corbel levels whichever is less and in addition at the location of openings.
9.4
9.4.1
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
----------(26)
----------(26a)
----------(26b)
1 2
2
2
cos 3 sin 2 sin 2 2 cos sin
1
4
----(26c)
G=
----------(26d)
----------(27)
----------(27a)
----------(27b)
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
F=
1 2
2
2
cos sin 2( ) sin 2 2 cos (sin( ) sin )
1
4
----------(27c)
1
1
( )(1 2 cos 2 ) sin 2 sin 2( )
2
4
2 cos sin sin( )
----------(27d)
G=
---------(28)
D = cos(2+-)-2cossin-sin+sin
----------(28a)
----------(28b)
1
1
( 2 )(1 2 cos 2 ) 3 sin 2 sin 2 2 cos 2 .sin 2
2
4
F=
G=
----------(28c)
1
1
2
( )(1 2 cos ) (sin 2 3 sin 2 ) 2 cos . sin
2
4
-------(28d)
cos cos
1 np D npE
c(cos cos )
cos cos
e 1 np F npG
cos
r 1 np D npE
np
mp
1 - p
---------(29)
---------(30)
---------(31)
----------(32)
I=
1
1
( 2 ) (2 cos 2 .sin 2 sin 2 sin 2 )
2
4
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
---------(33)
x
sin sin 2 cos . sin
1
r
2
---------(34)
1
1
1 e
X
X
(
( 1 )(1 cos ))
2(1 np) 2 I r
r
r
----------(35)
Vertical stress in concrete due to axial load and moment
fc
C.W
---------(36)
r t(1 - p)
Maximum vertical stress in concrete due to axial load and moment when
neutral axis lies within the section.
fc(max) = fc
----------(37)
W
rt (1 p )
----------(38)
00
150
200
250
300
00
0.500
0.515
0.525
0.537
0.551
150
0.403
0.419
0.430
0.443
0.458
200
0.365
0.381
0.392
0.406
0.421
250
0.324
0.340
0.352
0.365
0.381
300
0.280
0.297
0.308
0.323
0.339
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
From the above table, check whether the neutral axis at a given section
falls within or outside the section. If the neutral axis falls within the
section, then by trial and error, find the value of such that the ratio e/r
calculated using equation 26 or 27 or 28 is equal to the actual e/r for that
section (i.e., M/Pxr). With this value of obtained, calculate the stresses
in concrete and steel using equations 36, 37 and 38.
In case the neutral axis falls outside the section, then calculate the stress in
concrete using equations 33, 34, 35 and 36.
9.4.2
----------(39)
----------(40)
----------(41)
Where
n = -mp +
9.4.3
2 2
m p 2mp a(1 k) k(1 a)
----------(42)
Ec T x
2
----------(43)
---------(44)
----------(44a)
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TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
----------(44b)
----------(44c)
Where
2
fc
(1 mp)
mp mp 2mp k(1 a) a(1 k)
f'
t
fcomb = 2ft
----------(44d)
(ii)Neutral axis outside section (ft < fc)
----------(45)
-------(45a)
----------(45b)
----------(45c)
Where
f' t1 2mp(k(1 a) a(1 k))
fcomb = fc +
1 mp
----------(45d)
----------(46)
----------(46a)
Where
pfs
2
fcomb = 2ft mp mp 2mp k (1 a) a(1 k )
f 't
---(46b)
----------(47)
----------(47a)
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 31 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
CTC = LK Tx Ec
----------(48)
where
K = -pm + pm (pm + 2Z)
----------(49)
9.4.6
9.4.7
----------(51)
9.4.8
----------(50)
----------(52)
----------(53)
NOTE : In 9.4.9, 9.4.10 and 9.4.11 r, t and t 1 are in Cm, Wp in kg/m and
in kg/cm
9.4.9
9.4.10
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 32 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
M
1
fcwc = --- x K x t x ---------------------------------------------t
K + np [(K-1+Z) C + (Z-K) ]
3
----------(54)
where
M = circumferential ring moment calculated as per clause 5.3.3
t
--(55)
cross
height
to
9.5
----------(56)
Design Procedure
The following procedure may be followed for using the formulae:
(a) Compute the bending moment M due to wind or earthquake force
acting above the section under consideration.
(b) Compute the dead load W of the portions, of chimney, above the
section under consideration
(c) Determine e = M/W
(d) Determine e/r
(e) Assume p at the section under consideration
(f) Select the value of m for concrete grade to be used
SHEET 33 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
(g)
(h)
(i)
(j)
(k)
(l)
(m)
9.6
SECTION: WRITE-UP
Determine
Determine stresses
Calculate temperature stress in steel and concrete
Calculate stress in steel and concrete due to wind induced moments
Check combined stresses
Check stresses due to corbel moments
If stresses exceed the corresponding permissible stress limits, increase
shell thickness or reinforcement or both and repeat the steps.
Deflection
As per clause 8 of IS 4998 (Part 1) 1975, permissible deflection shall not
exceed 1/500 of height above top of foundation subject to the provisions in
clause C-1.1.3 of the above code. In case of self supported linings, chimney
deflection due to wind should be checked to ensure that shell does not
come into contact or exert pressure on the lining.
For the 3 sec. wind load, static modulus of elasticity of concrete shall be
used for deflection check. For the HMW with gust, dynamic modulus of
elasticity of concrete shall be used.
9.7
10.0
CHIMNEY PROGRAM
An in-house program called CHMND (Program No. TCE.M6-CV-AMC400) has been developed for the analysis and design of chimney shell. This
program can be used for the complete analysis and design of chimney shell
for both single flue and multiflue chimney.
11.0
DESIGN EXAMPLE
Example: A 150m tall RC chimney (single brick flue) for Jojobera thermal
power plant has been analysed and designed. The details of the structure are
as follows:
i) Shell profile
E.L. of ground level
E.L. of chimney top
E.L. of chimney bottom
Shell thickness at E.L. 150.000
Inner diameter of chimney at E.L. 150.000
Outside taper of chimney from E.L.150.000
0.000m
150.000m
(-) 2.000m
0.3m
4.6m
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 34 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
to E.L.100.000
1 in 500
Shell thickness at E.L. 100.000
0.4m
Shell thickness varies linearly from E.L.150.000 to
E.L. 100.000
Outside taper of chimney from E.L.100.000
to E.L. (-) 2.000
1 in 40
Shell thickness at E.L. 10.000
0.55m
Shell thickness varies linearly from E.L.100.000 to E.L.10.000
Shell thickness at E.L. (-) 2.000
0.55m
Shell thickness is constant from E.L.10.000 to E.L. (-) 2.000
ii) Shell material properties
Density of concrete
Concrete grade from E.L.150.000 to E.L.50.000
Concrete grade from E.L.50.000 to E.L.10.000
Concrete grade from E.L.10.000 to E.L. (-) 2.000
25 kN/m3
M25
M30
M35
Temperature data
A constant temperature gradient of 55C across shell thickness has been
considered for the entire chimney height.
vi)
Wind data
Basic wind speed
Mean probable design life for shell only condition
Mean probable design life for lined condition
Terrain category number
Topography factor
47 m/s
25 years
100 years
2
1
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SHEET 35 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
5
2
1.75
1
1
Others
Exit diameter of brick flue
Grade of reinforcement
Effective cover to vertical reinforcement
Effective cover to circumferential reinforcement
Number of chimneys
Spacing between chimneys
3.6m
Fe 415D
72mm
56mm
2
67.5m
The following sheets give the geometry and the loads considered for the analysis and design of
chimney shell
UNITS FOLLOWED FOR VARIOUS ITEMS
---------------------------------------SL NO. ITEM
UNIT
---------------------------------------1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
ELEVATION
m
THICKNESS/DIA
m
WIDTH/HEIGHT
m
AREA
Sq.m
MOMENT OF INERTIA
m^4
UNIT WEIGHT
kN/Cu.m
WEIGHT
kN
VOLUME
Cu.m
CONCRETE STRENGTH
N/Sq.mm
ELASTIC MODULUS
kN/Sq.m
---------------------------------------SHELL PROFILE
------------TOP LEVEL OF CHIMNEY
CLEAR INNER DIA. AT TOP
NO. OF SHELL GROUPS
= EL+ 150.000
= 4.600
= 14
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 36 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
ELEVATION
SHELL THICK
150.000
0.300 0.300
147.000
0.306 0.306
100.000
0.400 0.400
97.000
0.405 0.405
57.000
0.472 0.472
50.000
0.483 0.483
47.000
0.488 0.488
17.000
0.538 0.538
12.000
0.549 0.549
10.000
0.550 0.550
6.000
0.550 0.550
5.000
0.550 0.550
4.000
0.550 0.550
0.000
0.550 0.550
-2.000
0.550 0.550
SLOPE
INTERVAL
1 IN500.000
1.000
1 IN500.000
10.000
1 IN 40.000
3.000
1 IN 40.000
10.000
1 IN 40.000
7.000
1 IN 40.000
3.000
1 IN 40.000
10.000
1 IN 40.000
5.000
1 IN 40.000
2.000
1 IN 40.000
2.000
1 IN 40.000
1.000
1 IN 40.000
1.000
1 IN 40.000
2.000
1 IN 40.000
2.000
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
------------------UNIT WEIGHT OF SHELL = 25.000
NO.OF GRADES
= 3
ELEVATION TO ELEVATION
CONCRETE
RATIO
150.000
50.000
10.000
50.000
10.000
-2.000
DETAILS OF OPENINGS
------------------NO. OF OPENINGS =
MODULAR
M 25.
10.98
M 30.
M 35.
8.12
E-STATIC
E-DYNAMIC
0.19120E+08
0.32000E+08
9.33
0.22500E+08
0.33500E+08
0.25860E+08
0.35000E+08
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 37 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
-----------------------------NO. ELEV
LOAD
-----------------------------1 147.000
260.0
2 137.000
345.0
3 127.000
345.0
4 117.000
335.0
5 107.000
345.0
6
97.000
455.0
7
87.000
360.0
8
77.000
370.0
9
67.000
555.0
10
57.000
575.0
11
47.000
720.0
12
37.000
885.0
13
27.000
900.0
14
17.000
910.0
15
12.000
640.0
16
5.000
110.0
-----------------------------------------------------------*********************************
* TABLE OF SECTIONAL PROPERTIES *
*********************************
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NODE ELEV
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 150.000
0.300
5.200
4.900
4.618
13.912
2 149.000
0.302
5.204
4.902
3.186
9.624
3 148.000
0.304
5.208
4.904
4.684
14.134
4 147.000
0.306
5.212
4.906
4.716
14.245
5 137.000
0.326
5.252
4.926
5.045
15.369
6 127.000
0.346
5.292
4.946
5.376
16.520
7 117.000
0.366
5.332
4.966
5.710
17.698
8 107.000
0.386
5.372
4.986
6.046
18.902
9 100.000
0.400
5.400
5.000
6.283
19.761
10
97.000
0.405
5.550
5.145
6.546
21.795
11
87.000
0.422
6.050
5.628
7.457
29.694
12
77.000
0.438
6.550
6.111
8.419
39.510
13
67.000
0.455
7.050
6.595
9.432
51.519
14
57.000
0.472
7.550
7.078
10.495
66.018
15
50.000
0.483
7.900
7.417
11.254
77.719
16
47.000
0.488
8.050
7.562
11.593
83.214
4.634
13.967
4.667
14.078
4.700
14.189
4.880
14.804
5.210
15.942
5.543
17.106
5.878
18.296
6.165
19.329
6.414
20.760
6.995
25.521
7.932
34.345
8.919
45.222
9.957
58.438
10.872
71.693
11.423
80.432
12.168
93.000
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 38 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
17
37.000
0.505
8.550
8.045
12.756
103.610
18
27.000
0.521
9.050
8.529
13.968
127.479
19
17.000
0.538
9.550
9.012
15.232
155.185
20
12.000
0.549
9.800
9.251
15.956
171.287
21
10.000
0.550
9.900
9.350
16.156
177.157
22
8.000
0.550
10.000
9.450
12.912
109.308
23
6.000
0.550
10.100
9.550
13.086
113.568
24
5.000
0.550
10.150
9.600
16.588
191.716
25
4.000
0.550
10.200
9.650
16.674
194.721
26
2.000
0.550
10.300
9.750
16.240
186.477
27
0.000
0.550
10.400
9.850
16.413
192.410
28
-2.000
0.550
10.500
9.950
17.192
213.411
13.356
115.088
14.594
140.829
15.592
163.088
16.056
174.205
16.242
180.007
12.999
111.425
13.130
114.650
16.631
193.215
16.760
197.757
16.327
189.428
17.106
210.216
==================================================================================
********************
* TABLE OF WEIGHTS *
********************
NOTE:THE CUM. WT. AT TOPMOST NODE IS FICTITIOUS-A WEIGHT OF 10 HAS BEEN PUT TO
AVOID ZERO LOAD CONDITION
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------NODE ELEV
LINING WT.
WITHOUT LINING WT.WITH LINING
NODAL CUM
NODAL CUM
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------1
115.9
2
116.7
3
117.5
4
1219.9
5
1302.4
150.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
57.9
10.0
149.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
116.3
115.9
148.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
117.1
232.5
147.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
668.7
350.0
137.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1261.2
1570.0
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 39 OF 89
6 127.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1344.0
2872.4
1385.6
7 117.000
0.0 0.0
0.0
1427.5
4258.0
1469.3
8 107.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1274.1
5727.3
1078.8
9 100.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
779.9
6806.1
481.1
10 97.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1115.1
7287.2
1749.2
11 87.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1866.3
9036.3
1983.3
12 77.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
2106.8
11019.7
2230.2
13 67.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
2360.0
13249.9
2489.7
14 57.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
2196.2
15739.6 1902.7
15 50.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1379.7
17642.3
856.8
16 47.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1949.6
18499.1
3042.4
17 37.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
3190.9
21541.5
3339.3
18 27.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
3494.1
24880.9
3648.9
19 17.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
2799.0
28529.8
1949.0
20 12.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
1375.9
30478.8
802.8
21 10.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
807.4
31281.6
812.1
22 8.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
816.4
32093.7
820.7
23 6.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
617.2
32914.4
413.6
24 5.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
414.7
33328.0
415.8
25 4.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
626.9
33743.8
838.0
26 2.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
842.3
34581.8
846.7
27 0.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
851.0
35428.5
855.3
28 -2.000
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
36283.8
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------TOTAL
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------===============================================================================
MATERIAL PROPERTIES
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------NODE ELEV CONCRETE MODULAR
E-STATIC
RATIO
-------------------------------------------------------------1
2
3
4
5
6
150.000
149.000
148.000
147.000
137.000
127.000
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
10.98
E-DYNAMIC
0.19120E+08
0.19120E+08
0.19120E+08
0.19120E+08
0.19120E+08
0.19120E+08
0.32000E+08
0.32000E+08
0.32000E+08
0.32000E+08
0.32000E+08
0.32000E+08
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
7 117.000
8 107.000
9 100.000
10 97.000
11 87.000
12 77.000
13 67.000
14 57.000
15 50.000
16 47.000
17 37.000
18 27.000
19 17.000
20 12.000
21 10.000
22 8.000
23 6.000
24 5.000
25 4.000
26 2.000
27 0.000
28 -2.000
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 25.00
M 30.00
M 30.00
M 30.00
M 30.00
M 30.00
M 30.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
M 35.00
9.33
9.33
9.33
9.33
9.33
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 40 OF 89
============================================================
QUANTITIES OF CONCRETE:MIXWISE
*******************************
---------------------------------NO. MIX WEIGHT VOLUME
---------------------------------In wind shield/outer shell :1
2
3
M 25.
M 30.
M 35.
17642.3
13639.3
5002.2
TOTAL 36283.8
705.7
545.6
200.1
1451.4
============================================================
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 41 OF 89
= 4.11 m
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 42 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 43 OF 89
the distance between the lining and the chimney shell is not less than
100 mm and
b)
The minimum distance provided between the lining and chimney shell is 245
mm > 100 mm
Twenty times inside dia of chimney shell = 20 x 460 = 9200 cm
Area of air inlet provided = 2.262 m = 22620 cm
> 9200 cm
Hence okay
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 44 OF 89
rq K1
0.5 x 47
= 0.0426 0.043
t b Dbi
Dbi
Ks Ds
9.497 x 4.425
tD bi
0.405 x 3.88
Dbi
= 0.092
= 0.205
1.488 x 5.145
3.88
K2 Dco
= 0.1787 0.179
3.88
CcDc
SHEET 45 OF 89
0.115 x 3.88
rq CbDb
SECTION: WRITE-UP
58.59 x 5.55
= 0.0119 0.012
A4 x (T To)
Tx = --------------------------------(A1 + A2 + A3 + A4 + A5)
0.205 x (145 3.9)
Tx = ----------------------------------------------- = 54.5C
(0.043 + 0.179 + 0.092 + 0.205 + 0.012)
Similarly temperature gradient is calculated at other levels.
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 46 OF 89
Seismic zone
% of critical damping
Structural importance factor
Soil foundation system factor
Performance factor
Number of modes considered
=
=
=
=
=
=
2
5
1.75
1.0
1.0
5
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 47 OF 89
**************************************************
*
*
*
S T A A D - III
*
*
Revision 22.0
*
*
Proprietary Program of
*
*
RESEARCH ENGINEERS, Inc.
*
*
Date= SEP 20, 1999
*
*
Time= 15:29:54
*
*
*
* USER ID: TCE, BANGALORE
*
**************************************************
1. STAAD PLANE - SHELL ONLY CONDITION
2. UNIT MET KNS
3. JOINT COORD
4. 1 0 -2 ; 2 0 0 ; 3 0 2 ; 4 0 4 ; 5 0 5
5. 6 0 6 ; 7 0 8 ; 8 0 10
6. 9 0 12
7. 10 0 17
8. REPEAT 3 0 10
9. 14 0 50
10. 15 0 57
11. REPEAT 4 0 10
12. 20 0 100
13. 21 0 107
14. REPEAT 4 0 10
15. 26 0 148 ; 27 0 149 ; 28 0 150
16. MEMBER INCI
17. 1 1 2 27 1 1
18. MEMBER PROP
19. 27 PRIS AX 4.634 IZ 13.967
20. 26 PRIS AX 4.667 IZ 14.078
21. 25 PRIS AX 4.700 IZ 14.189
22. 24 PRIS AX 4.880 IZ 14.804
23. 23 PRIS AX 5.210 IZ 15.942
24. 22 PRIS AX 5.543 IZ 17.106
25. 21 PRIS AX 5.878 IZ 18.296
26. 20 PRIS AX 6.165 IZ 19.329
27. 19 PRIS AX 6.414 IZ 20.76
28. 18 PRIS AX 6.995 IZ 25.521
29. 17 PRIS AX 7.932 IZ 34.345
30. 16 PRIS AX 8.919 IZ 45.222
31. 15 PRIS AX 9.957 IZ 58.438
32. 14 PRIS AX 10.872 IZ 71.693
33. 13 PRIS AX 11.423 IZ 80.432
34. 12 PRIS AX 12.168 IZ 93
35. 11 PRIS AX 13.356 IZ 115.088
36. 10 PRIS AX 14.594 IZ 140.829
37. 9 PRIS AX 15.592 IZ 163.088
38. 8 PRIS AX 16.056 IZ 174.205
39. 7 PRIS AX 16.242 IZ 180.007
40. 6 PRIS AX 12.999 IZ 111.425
41. 5 PRIS AX 13.130 IZ 114.650
42. 4 PRIS AX 16.631 IZ 193.215
43. 3 PRIS AX 16.760 IZ 197.757
44. 2 PRIS AX 16.327 IZ 189.428
45. 1 PRIS AX 17.106 IZ 210.216
46. CONSTANTS
47. E .32E8 MEM 14 TO 27
48. E .335E8 MEM 8 TO 13
49. E .35E8 MEM 1 TO 7
50. CUTOFF MODE SHAPE 5
51. SUPPORT
52. 1 FIXED
53. LOADING 1
54. JOINT LOAD
55. *1 FX 3.92
56. 2 FX 851
57. 3 FX 842.3
58. 4 FX 626.9
59. 5 FX 414.7
60. 6 FX 617.2
61. 7 FX 816.4
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 48 OF 89
62. 8 FX 807.4
63. 9 FX 1375.9
64. 10 FX 2799
65. 11 FX 3494.1
66. 12 FX 3190.9
67. 13 FX 1949.6
68. 14 FX 1379.7
69. 15 FX 2196.2
70. 16 FX 2360
71. 17 FX 2106.8
72. 18 FX 1866.3
73. 19 FX 1115.1
74. 20 FX 779.9
75. 21 FX 1274.1
76. 22 FX 1427.5
77. 23 FX 1344
78. 24 FX 1261.2
79. 25 FX 668.7
80. 26 FX 117.1
81. 27 FX 116.3
82. 28 FX 57.9
83. MODAL CALCULATION
84. SPECTRUM SRSS X 0.15 ACC DAMP 0.05 SCALE 9.81
85. 0 0.09; 0.04 0.16; 0.08 0.19; 0.12 0.20
86. 0.16 0.20; 0.20 0.20; 0.30 0.20
87. 0.40 0.185; 0.50 0.163; 0.60 0.147
88. 0.80 0.127; 1.0 0.107; 1.20 0.095
89. 1.40 0.08; 1.60 0.07; 1.80 0.06
90. 2.0 0.057; 2.3 0.05; 2.6 0.045; 3.0 0.04
91. PERFORM ANALYSIS
P R O B L E M S T AT I S T I C S
----------------------------------NUMBER OF JOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS = 28/ 27/ 1
ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH = 1/ 1
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 1, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 81
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 486 DOUBLE PREC. WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.05/ 2096.6 MB, EXMEM = 2.0 MB
++ Processing Element Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Global Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Triangular Factorization.
++ Calculating Joint Displacements.
++ Calculating Eigensolution.
15:29:56
15:29:56
15:29:56
15:29:57
15:30: 0
FREQUENCY(CYCLES/SEC)
1
2
3
4
5
0.368
1.413
3.550
6.829
11.037
PERIOD(SEC)
2.71470
0.70796
0.28172
0.14644
0.09061
15:30:16
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
1
2
3
4
5
40.591
62.726
73.321
79.026
82.857
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 49 OF 89
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
15:30:16
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
0.0000
0.0003
0.0014
0.0032
0.0044
0.0057
0.0094
0.0139
0.0191
0.0354
0.0816
0.1458
0.2280
0.2560
0.3281
0.4476
0.5870
0.7477
0.9313
0.9910
1.1392
1.3705
1.6211
1.8855
2.1584
2.1860
2.2136
2.2412
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
231.70
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0002
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
0.0003
MOM-X
MOM-Y
MOM Z
0.00 12950.72
1
2
MOM-Y
MOM-Z
0.00
0.00
0.00 12553.44
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
3
3 1
4 1
5 1
6 1
7 1
8 1
9 1
4
5
6
7
8
9
0.00 231.65
0.00
0.00
0.00
0.00
SHEET 50 OF 89
0.00 12160.88
9
10
SECTION: WRITE-UP
0.00 10291.87
0.00 9435.39
MOM-Y
MOM-Z
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 51 OF 89
= 5.2 m
= 5.4 m
= 67.5 m
= 15.9 m
= 3 x 5.3
Since the centreline distance is greater than 3 times effective diameter, there
is no aerodynamic interference.
Unsteady forces on single chimney Cl. A-1.2.2
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 52 OF 89
= 5.2 m
= 0.3 m
= 22.5 m
Since the diameter of chimney at top is less than 75 times wall thickness,
ovalling oscillation need not be examined.
From Clause A-1.2.4
Diameter of chimney at 2/3 height i.e. EL 100.000
= 5.4 m
= 108 m
= 67.5 m
Since the spacing of the chimneys is less than 20 times the diameter, the
amplitudes of oscillation of the downstream chimney will be magnified. This
magnification can be suppressed by providing strakes. In this case, we
propose to design the chimneys for magnified amplitudes of oscillation
instead of providing strakes.
Critical diameter of shell at 2/3 height
= 5.4 m
= 5.2 m
diameter at EL 75.000
= 6.55 m
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 53 OF 89
This calculation has been done for shell only condition. Similar procedure
shall be adopted for shell + lining condition also
Along wind load per mt. height
Fz = pz . Cd . dz
Vb = 47 m/sec
Return period for shell only condition (Table 1, IS 875 (Part 3)) = 25 years
Terrain category
= 2
= 1.6
Strouhal number
= 0.2
Class of structure
= C
Force at EL 150.000
(Refer fig 9)
K1 = 0.907
{K1 = 0.907 has been calculated using the formula given in Table 1. K1 =
0.90 can also be used, as indicated in Table 1}
Height factor (Table 2, IS 875 (Part 3))
K2 = 1.210
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 54 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 55 OF 89
Force at EL 148.000
Using the same procedure
K1 = 0.907 ; K2 = 1.208 ; Vz = 51.47 m/sec ; pz = 1589.34 N/m
Along wind force = 1589.34 x 0.8 x 5.208 x 10-3 = 6.62 kN/m
Refer fig.9
Force on element (1) = (6.63 + 6.63) x 1 = 6.63 kN
2
Force on element (2) = (6.63 + 6.62) x 1 = 6.625 kN
2
Nodal force at EL 150.000 = 6.63 / 2 = 3.315 kN
Nodal force at EL 149.000 = 6.63 + 6.625 = 6.63 kN
2
2
Shear force at EL 150.000 = 0 kN
Shear force at EL 149.000 = 3.315 kN
Shear force at EL 148.000 = 3.315 + 6.63 = 9.945 kN
Bending moment at EL 150.000 = 0 kNm
Bending moment at EL 149.000 = 3.315x1 = 3.315 kNm
Bending moment at EL 148.000 = 3.315x2+6.63x1 = 13.26 kNm
In a similar way, the element force, nodal force, shear force and bending
moment are calculated at other levels. (Refer table 2)
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 56 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
TABLE 2- Along wind load calculation as per IS : 4998 (Part 1) -1992, Cl : A-4.1
150.0
0.907
47.00
C
Elev.
k2
Vz
Pz
Cd
dz
Element load
5.200
Nodal
Load
6.63
150.00
1.210
51.55
1594.61
0.80
149.00
1.209
51.51
1591.97
148.00
1.208
51.47
1589.34
147.00
1.208
51.47
137.00
1.200
51.13
127.00
1.192
Shear
Cum. Shear
Moment
3.32
3.3
0.0
0.80
5.204
6.63
6.631
6.63
9.9
3.3
0.80
5.208
6.62
6.625
6.62
16.6
13.3
1589.34
0.80
5.212
6.63
6.624
36.35
52.9
29.8
1568.36
0.80
5.252
6.59
66.083
65.89
118.8
559.0
50.79
1547.52
0.80
5.292
6.55
65.706
65.51
184.3
1747.2
117.00
1.184
50.44
1526.81
0.80
5.332
6.51
65.322
65.13
249.5
3590.5
107.00
1.176
50.10
1506.25
0.80
5.372
6.47
64.930
55.06
304.5
6085.0
100.00
1.170
49.85
1490.92
0.80
5.400
6.44
45.199
32.36
336.9
8216.7
97.00
1.166
49.68
1480.74
0.80
5.550
6.57
19.523
43.69
380.6
9227.3
87.00
1.152
49.08
1445.40
0.80
6.050
7.00
67.851
69.89
450.5
13033.0
77.00
1.138
48.49
1410.48
0.80
6.550
7.39
71.933
73.85
524.3
17537.6
67.00
1.124
47.89
1375.99
0.80
7.050
7.76
75.758
77.54
601.8
22780.6
57.00
1.110
47.29
1341.93
0.80
7.550
8.11
79.329
68.42
670.3
28799.1
50.00
1.100
46.87
1317.86
0.80
7.900
8.33
57.519
41.27
711.5
33491.0
47.00
1.091
46.48
1296.38
0.80
8.050
8.35
25.016
54.35
765.9
35625.7
37.00
1.061
45.20
1226.06
0.80
8.550
8.39
83.675
83.64
849.5
43284.5
27.00
1.028
43.80
1150.98
0.80
9.050
8.33
83.597
82.69
932.2
51779.7
17.00
0.982
41.84
1050.28
0.80
9.550
8.02
81.786
60.48
992.7
61101.9
12.00
0.946
40.30
974.69
0.80
9.800
7.64
39.164
27.13
1019.8
66065.3
10.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
9.900
7.46
15.102
15.05
1034.9
68105.0
8.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.000
7.54
14.997
15.07
1049.9
70174.7
6.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.100
7.61
15.147
11.39
1061.3
72274.6
5.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.150
7.65
7.630
7.65
1069.0
73335.9
4.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.200
7.69
7.668
11.56
1080.5
74404.9
2.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.300
7.76
15.449
15.52
1096.1
76566.0
0.00
0.930
39.62
941.99
0.80
10.400
7.84
15.599
11.72
1107.8
78758.1
-2.00
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.80
10.500
0.00
7.837
3.92
1111.7
80973.7
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 57 OF 89
k1 = 0.907
_
k2 = 0.960
(4.176 + 4.17)
Force on element (1) = ------------------- x 1 = 4.173 kN
2
(4.17 + 4.165)
Force on element (2) = ------------------- x 1 = 4.167 kN
2
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 58 OF 89
= 0 kN
= 2.087 kN
= 6.257 kN
= 0 kNm
-0.88
S =
1 + 5.78 0.37_
31.49
1.14
x 150
0.98
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 59 OF 89
S = 0.208
E
= background factor
B = [ 1 + (150/265)0.63 ]0.88
r
= 0.076
0.83
= 0.627
gf
3600 x 0.37
= ----------------------1 + 0.627 x 0.016
0.208 x 0.076
= 1041.83
1/2
= peak factor
gf = (2 loge 1041.83) + _ 0.577_____ = 3.883
(2 loge 1041.83)
= 2.158
(iii)
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 60 OF 89
= 48251.65 kNm
Along wind force at EL 150.000
Fzf = 3 (2.158 1) x 150 x 48251.65
150
= 7.45 kN/m
= 7.40 kN/m
= 7.35 kN/m
The element force, nodal force, shear force and bending moment is then
calculated using the same procedure as done for forces due to HMW.
(Refer table 4)
The design along-wind force due to Random Response method will
than be Fz = Fzm + Fzf at each level.
TABLE 3 - Along wind load calculation as per IS : 4998 (Part 1) - 1992, Cl : A-5.1
Shear Force and Bending Moment due to Hourly Mean Wind by RANDOM RESPONSE
METHOD :
Shell only Condition
Height of chimney above G.L. =
Probability factor k1 =
150.0
0.907
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 61 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
47.00
C
Elev.
k2
Vz
Pz
Cd
dz
Nodal Load
150.00
0.960
40.90
1003.75
0.80
5.200
4.176
149.00
0.959
40.86
1001.66
0.80
5.204
4.170
148.00
0.958
40.82
999.57
0.80
5.208
4.165
147.00
0.958
40.82
999.57
0.80
5.212
137.00
0.950
40.48
982.95
0.80
5.252
127.00
0.942
40.13
966.46
0.80
117.00
0.934
39.79
950.12
0.80
107.00
0.926
39.45
933.91
100.00
0.920
39.20
97.00
0.916
39.03
87.00
0.902
77.00
Element load
Shear
Cum. Shear
Moment
2.09
2.09
0.00
4.173
4.17
6.26
2.09
4.167
4.17
10.42
8.34
4.168
4.166
22.83
33.25
18.77
4.130
41.489
41.30
74.55
351.27
5.292
4.092
41.108
40.91
115.46
1096.77
5.332
4.053
40.722
40.53
155.99
2251.41
0.80
5.372
4.014
40.332
34.16
190.15
3811.32
921.85
0.80
5.400
3.982
27.986
20.02
210.17
5142.37
913.85
0.80
5.550
4.057
12.060
26.90
237.07
5772.88
38.43
886.13
0.80
6.050
4.289
41.732
42.84
279.91
8143.57
0.888
37.83
858.83
0.80
6.550
4.500
43.946
44.95
324.86
10942.64
67.00
0.874
37.24
831.97
0.80
7.050
4.692
45.963
46.88
371.74
14191.25
57.00
0.860
36.64
805.53
0.80
7.550
4.865
47.788
41.11
412.85
17908.62
50.00
0.850
36.21
786.90
0.80
7.900
4.973
34.435
24.67
437.52
20798.56
47.00
0.841
35.83
770.33
0.80
8.050
4.961
14.901
32.10
469.62
22111.11
37.00
0.811
34.55
716.35
0.80
8.550
4.900
49.304
48.83
518.45
26807.30
27.00
0.778
33.15
659.24
0.80
9.050
4.773
48.364
47.26
565.71
31991.83
17.00
0.732
31.19
583.59
0.80
9.550
4.459
46.157
33.73
599.45
37648.96
12.00
0.690
29.40
518.54
0.80
9.800
4.065
21.310
14.62
614.07
40646.20
10.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
9.900
3.872
7.938
7.86
621.93
41874.34
8.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.000
3.911
7.784
7.82
629.75
43118.20
6.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.100
3.950
7.862
5.91
635.66
44377.70
5.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.150
3.970
3.960
3.97
639.63
45013.37
4.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.200
3.990
3.980
6.00
645.63
45653.00
2.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.300
4.029
8.018
8.06
653.69
46944.27
0.00
0.670
28.55
488.91
0.80
10.400
4.068
8.096
6.08
659.77
48251.65
-2.00
0.000
0.00
0.00
0.80
10.500
0.000
4.068
2.03
661.81
49571.20
TABLE 4 - Along wind load calculation as per IS : 4998 (Part 1) - 1992, Cl : A-5.1
Shear Force and Bending Moment due to Fluctuating Wind by RANDOM
RESPONSE METHOD :
Shell only Condition
Height of chimney above G.L. =
150.00
Gust factor
=
2.158
Basic wind speed Vb (m/sec) =
47.000
Mean moment at Ground Level =
48252
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
Elev.
150.00
149.00
148.00
147.00
137.00
127.00
117.00
107.00
100.00
97.00
87.00
77.00
67.00
57.00
50.00
47.00
37.00
27.00
17.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
-2.00
Nodal
Load
7.45
7.40
7.35
7.30
6.80
6.31
5.81
5.31
4.97
4.82
4.32
3.82
3.33
2.83
2.48
2.33
1.84
1.34
0.84
0.60
0.50
0.40
0.30
0.25
0.20
0.10
0.00
-0.10
Element
load
7.425
7.376
7.326
70.527
65.560
60.594
55.627
35.984
14.677
45.694
40.727
35.760
30.794
18.600
7.227
20.860
15.893
10.927
3.601
1.093
0.894
0.695
0.273
0.224
0.298
0.099
-0.099
Shear
3.71
7.40
7.35
38.93
68.04
63.08
58.11
45.81
25.33
30.19
43.21
38.24
33.28
24.70
12.91
14.04
18.38
13.41
7.26
2.35
0.99
0.79
0.48
0.25
0.26
0.20
0.00
-0.05
Cum.
Shear
3.7
11.1
18.5
57.4
125.4
188.5
246.6
292.4
317.8
347.9
391.2
429.4
462.7
487.4
500.3
514.3
532.7
546.1
553.4
555.7
556.7
557.5
558.0
558.2
558.5
558.7
558.7
558.7
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 62 OF 89
Moment
0.0
3.7
14.8
33.3
607.2
1861.5
3746.6
6212.9
8259.9
9213.1
12692.5
16604.1
20898.0
25524.8
28936.4
30437.2
35580.5
40907.5
46368.7
49135.5
50247.0
51360.4
52475.5
53033.5
53591.7
54708.7
55826.1
56943.5
= 5.3 m
= 50.7 m/sec
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 63 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
dz z dz
z dz
0.16 _ _ = 0.0348
4 (0.2) x 84.61
= 1.94 kN
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 64 OF 89
Shear force at
EL 150.000
= 1.94 kN
= 0 kNm
EL 149.000 = 1.94 x 1
= 1.94 kNm
= 7.74 kNm
Similarly sectional force, shear force and bending moment are calculated at
other sections.(Refer table 5)
Along wind velocity at 2/3 H = EL 100.000 = 49.85 m/sec.
Corresponding along wind moment at
9.81
EL 150.000 = ------49.85
x 0
= 0 kNm
9.81
EL 149.000 = ------49.85
x 3.3
= 0.13 kNm
9.81
EL 148.000 = ------49.85
x 13.3
= 0.52 kNm
Resultant moment at
EL 150.000 = ( 0 + 0 )
= 0 kNm
= 1.95 kNm
= 7.76 kNm
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 65 OF 89
Similarly the shear and bending moments are calculated at other loads.
(Refer table 6)
Across wind loads by Random Response method
Clause A-5.3 of IS:4998 (Part 1) 1992
Taper of chimney = 1 in 111 which is less than 1 in 50
Hence as per Clause A-5.3(a), peak tip deflection for first mode of vibration
1/2
x 1.0 _
x 150 1/2
2 (28.302+2)
2x0.04
oi = ------------------------------------------------------------------------14185 x [30.641 (0.016 0.5 x 1.2 x 5.32) ]
14185
= 0.01487
Magnified peak tip deflection = 1.75 x 0.01487 = 0.0260
Using the value of oi calculate the sectional force, shear force and bending
moment due to across wind at all sections.(Refer table 5)
Corresponding along wind velocity at 2/3 H = EL 100.000 = 39.20 m/sec.
Using this velocity, calculate the corresponding along wind moment
9.81 2
= ------- x (Fzm + Fzf)
39.20
(Refer table 6)
Repeat all the above calculations for second mode of vibration also.
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 66 OF 89
Elev.
150.00
149.00
148.00
147.00
137.00
127.00
117.00
107.00
100.00
97.00
87.00
77.00
67.00
57.00
50.00
47.00
37.00
150.000
5.300
0.3678
Shell
wt
Lining
Wt
57.9
116.3
117.1
668.7
1261.2
1344.0
1427.5
1274.1
779.9
1115.1
1866.3
2106.8
2360.0
2196.2
1379.7
1949.6
3190.9
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
Modification factor =
Mode of vibration =
Vel at critical elevation=
Vel at critical elevation=
mz dz
dz
5.91
11.85
11.94
68.17
128.56
137.00
145.51
129.88
79.50
113.67
190.24
214.76
240.57
223.87
140.64
198.74
325.27
5.200
5.204
5.208
5.212
5.252
5.292
5.332
5.372
5.400
5.550
6.050
6.550
7.050
7.550
7.900
8.050
8.550
1.0000
0.9883
0.9765
0.9648
0.8478
0.7320
0.6194
0.5127
0.4432
0.4150
0.3281
0.2526
0.1882
0.1345
0.1031
0.0911
0.0568
d z dz
2.60
5.14
5.09
27.66
44.53
38.74
33.03
23.41
11.97
14.97
19.85
16.55
13.27
8.63
4.07
4.77
4.86
dz
0.5000
0.9767
0.9536
5.1196
7.1876
5.3582
3.8366
2.2343
0.9821
1.1195
1.0765
0.6381
0.3542
0.1538
0.0531
0.0539
0.0323
1.75
First
49.85
39.20
Critical Vel=
9.748
IS formula 2
Nodal
Shear Mom.
mz
Force
Fzoi Mzoi
dz
5.91
0.82
0.8
0.0
11.58
1.63
2.5
0.8
11.38
1.62
4.1
3.3
63.45
9.15
13.2
7.3
92.41
15.16
28.4
139.5
73.41
13.95
42.3
423.3
55.83
12.54
54.9
846.5
34.14
9.26
64.1
1395.1
15.62
4.90
69.0
1843.9
19.58
6.56
75.6
2051.0
20.48
8.68
84.3
2806.8
13.70
7.54
91.8
3649.4
8.52
6.30
98.1
4567.5
4.05
4.19
102.3
5548.5
1.49
2.02
104.3
6264.5
1.65
2.52
106.8
6577.5
1.05
2.57
109.4
7645.7
SHEET 67 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
27.00
17.00
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
5.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
-2.00
SECTION: WRITE-UP
3494.1
2799.0
1375.9
807.4
816.4
617.2
414.7
626.9
842.3
851.0
0.0
35856.2
me =
oi =
oi =
0.0 356.18
0.0 285.32
0.0 140.25
0.0
82.31
0.0
83.22
0.0
62.92
0.0
42.27
0.0
63.90
0.0
85.86
0.0
86.75
0.0
0.00
0.0 3655.07
9.050
9.550
9.800
9.900
10.000
10.100
10.150
10.200
10.300
10.400
10.500
0.0311
0.0132
0.0070
0.0051
0.0034
0.0021
0.0016
0.0012
0.0005
0.0001
0.0000
2.81
0.95
0.24
0.10
0.07
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.00
0.00
283.36
0.0097
0.34
0.0013
0.05
0.0002
0.01
0.0001
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
0.0000
0.00
30.641 434.64
1.54
0.52
0.14
0.06
0.04
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.00
0.00
110.9
111.5
111.6
111.7
111.7
111.7
111.7
111.7
111.7
111.7
111.7
8739.7
9849.0
10406.3
10629.5
10852.8
11076.2
11187.9
11299.6
11523.1
11746.5
11970.0
14185
Ksi =
84.61
0.0260 (by IS method formula 2)
0.0609 (by IS method formula 1)
Formula 1
Nodal
IS formula 1
Shear
Mom
Force
1.9
3.8
3.8
21.4
35.4
32.6
29.3
21.7
11.5
15.3
20.3
17.6
14.7
9.8
4.7
5.9
6.0
3.6
Fzoi
1.9
5.7
9.5
30.9
66.4
99.0
128.3
149.9
161.4
176.7
197.0
214.7
229.4
239.2
243.9
249.8
255.8
259.4
Mzoi
0.0
1.9
7.7
17.2
326.3
989.8
1979.5
3262.4
4311.9
4796.1
6563.5
8533.9
10680.7
12974.8
14649.1
15380.9
17878.9
20437.0
Corres.
Al Wind Comb.
Mom
0.00
0.13
0.51
1.14
21.38
66.81
137.33
232.70
314.23
352.85
498.40
670.64
871.14
1101.32
1280.75
1362.36
1655.25
1980.11
Corres.
Al Wind Comb.
Formula 2
Corres.
Al Wind
Moment shear
Shear
Mom
0.00
0.13
1.92
0.00
1.92
0.38
5.74
0.36
7.67
0.63
9.54
1.43
17.21
2.02
30.97
3.22
326.96
4.54
66.51
59.29
992.07
7.05
99.22
182.98
1984.28
9.54
128.64
370.99
3270.64
11.64
150.39
620.00
4323.36 12.88
161.91
828.93
4809.08 14.55
177.34
926.88
6582.40 17.23
197.79 1288.71
8560.20 20.05
215.62 1703.75
10716.17
23.01
230.56 2170.25
13021.41
25.63
240.57 2686.32
14705.02
27.21
245.43 3076.06
15441.10
29.29
251.51 3250.07
17955.35
32.49
257.86 3858.63
20532.70
35.65
261.85 4508.76
Corres.
Al
Comb.
Comb.
Wind
shear
Moment Shear
0.36
0.00
0.90
1.07
0.90
2.68
1.79
3.57
4.45
5.61
8.02
14.36
12.37
151.60
30.96
18.80
461.14
46.31
24.90
924.25
60.25
29.85 1526.67
70.73
32.65 2021.70
76.35
36.18 2250.72
83.79
41.50 3088.52
93.93
46.65 4027.54 102.98
51.61 5056.87 110.85
55.68 6164.60 116.46
58.00 6979.01 119.35
60.86 7336.62 122.94
65.01 8564.22 127.26
68.77 9834.15 130.52
1.2
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
0.0
SHEET 68 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
260.6
261.0
261.1
261.2
261.2
261.3
261.3
261.3
261.3
261.3
23031.1
24334.3
24856.2
25378.4
25900.8
26162.0
26423.3
26945.8
27468.4
27991.0
2336.60
2526.43
2604.44
2683.56
2763.87
2804.44
2845.32
2928.00
3011.83
3096.53
23149.35
24465.10
24992.29
25519.89
26047.83
26311.89
26576.01
27104.42
27633.01
28161.73
37.96
39.00
39.58
40.15
40.59
40.88
41.32
41.92
42.36
42.51
263.39
263.85
264.08
264.25
264.36
264.43
264.52
264.63
264.70
264.73
5196.42
5552.93
5697.64
5843.43
5990.30
6064.13
6138.21
6287.17
6437.14
6587.87
71.30
72.35
72.90
73.43
73.83
74.09
74.48
74.99
75.37
75.49
SECTION: WRITE-UP
11135.78
11795.17
12060.22
12325.94
12592.28
12725.66
12859.19
13126.68
13394.71
13663.15
132.31
133.00
133.34
133.67
133.90
134.05
134.28
134.57
134.78
134.85
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 69 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 70 OF 89
93. 10 FX 84.89
94. 11 FX 116.07
95. 12 FX 117.4
96. 13 FX 76.28
97. 14 FX 57.93
98. 15 FX 96.05
99. 16 FX 108.85
100. 17 FX 103.66
101. 18 FX 98.11
102. 19 FX 61.32
103. 20 FX 45.43
104. 21 FX 77.29
105. 22 FX 91.42
106. 23 FX 91.96
107. 24 FX 92.50
108. 25 FX 51.03
109. 26 FX 9.30
110. 27 FX 9.30
111. 28 FX 4.65
112. PERFORM ANALYSIS
P R O B L E M S T AT I S T I C S
----------------------------------NUMBER OF JOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS = 28/ 27/ 1
ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH = 1/ 1
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 81
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 486 DOUBLE PREC. WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.04/ 2096.6 MB, EXMEM = 2.0 MB
++ Processing Element Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Global Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Triangular Factorization.
++ Calculating Joint Displacements.
++ Calculating Member Forces.
11:12:23
11:12:23
11:12:23
11:12:23
11:12:24
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
0.0000
0.0000
0.0030
0.0041
0.0120
0.0169
0.0272
0.0382
0.0370
0.0519
0.0488
0.0685
0.0797
0.1119
0.1186
0.1665
0.1639
0.2300
0.3075
0.4316
0.7289
1.0232
1.3315
1.8691
2.1205
2.9766
2.3932
3.3594
3.1065
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0005
0.0000 -0.0005
0.0000 -0.0007
0.0000 -0.0007
0.0000 -0.0010
0.0000 -0.0009
0.0000 -0.0012
0.0000 -0.0009
0.0000 -0.0013
0.0000 -0.0011
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 71 OF 89
1 21.1516
2 29.6910
26 1 21.4006
2 30.0406
27 1 21.6497
2 30.3903
28 1 21.8988
2 30.7399
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 -0.0025
0.0000 -0.0035
0.0000 -0.0025
0.0000 -0.0035
0.0000 -0.0025
0.0000 -0.0035
0.0000 -0.0025
0.0000 -0.0035
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 72 OF 89
17. 1 1 2 27 1 1
18. MEMBER PROP
19. 27 PRIS AX 1 IZ 13.967
20. 26 PRIS AX 1 IZ 14.078
21. 25 PRIS AX 1 IZ 14.189
22. 24 PRIS AX 1 IZ 14.804
23. 23 PRIS AX 1 IZ 15.942
24. 22 PRIS AX 1 IZ 17.106
25. 21 PRIS AX 1 IZ 18.296
26. 20 PRIS AX 1 IZ 19.329
27. 19 PRIS AX 1 IZ 20.76
28. 18 PRIS AX 1 IZ 25.521
29. 17 PRIS AX 1 IZ 34.345
30. 16 PRIS AX 1 IZ 45.222
31. 15 PRIS AX 1 IZ 58.438
32. 14 PRIS AX 1 IZ 71.693
33. 13 PRIS AX 1 IZ 80.432
34. 12 PRIS AX 1 IZ 93
35. 11 PRIS AX 1 IZ 115.088
36. 10 PRIS AX 1 IZ 140.829
37. 9 PRIS AX 1 IZ 163.088
38. 8 PRIS AX 1 IZ 174.205
39. 7 PRIS AX 1 IZ 180.007
40. 6 PRIS AX 1 IZ 111.425
41. 5 PRIS AX 1 IZ 114.650
42. 4 PRIS AX 1 IZ 193.215
43. 3 PRIS AX 1 IZ 197.757
44. 2 PRIS AX 1 IZ 189.428
45. 1 PRIS AX 1 IZ 210.216
46. CONSTANTS
47. E .3200E8 MEM 14 TO 27
48. E .335E8 MEM 8 TO 13
49. E .3500E8 MEM 1 TO 7
50. SUPPORT
51. 1 FIXED
52. LOADING 1 - SHELL ONLY
53. JOINT LOAD
54. 1 FX 2.03
55. 2 FX 6.08
56. 3 FX 8.26
57. 4 FX 6.26
58. 5 FX 4.22
59. 6 FX 6.39
60. 7 FX 8.61
61. 8 FX 8.85
62. 9 FX 16.97
63. 10 FX 40.99
64. 11 FX 60.67
65. 12 FX 67.21
66. 13 FX 46.14
67. 14 FX 37.58
68. 15 FX 65.81
69. 16 FX 80.16
70. 17 FX 83.19
71. 18 FX 86.05
72. 19 FX 57.09
73. 20 FX 45.35
74. 21 FX 79.97
75. 22 FX 98.64
76. 23 FX 103.99
77. 24 FX 109.34
78. 25 FX 61.76
79. 26 FX 11.52
80. 27 FX 11.57
81. 28 FX 5.80
82. LOADING 2 - SHELL + LINING
83. JOINT LOAD
84. 1 FX 2.85
85. 2 FX 8.53
86. 3 FX 11.59
87. 4 FX 8.80
88. 5 FX 5.94
89. 6 FX 9.00
90. 7 FX 12.14
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 73 OF 89
91. 8 FX 12.49
92. 9 FX 23.97
93. 10 FX 58.02
94. 11 FX 86.03
95. 12 FX 95.55
96. 13 FX 65.70
97. 14 FX 53.61
98. 15 FX 94.02
99. 16 FX 114.72
100. 17 FX 119.34
101. 18 FX 123.67
102. 19 FX 82.14
103. 20 FX 65.36
104. 21 FX 115.31
105. 22 FX 142.35
106. 23 FX 150.20
107. 24 FX 158.05
108. 25 FX 89.29
109. 26 FX 16.66
110. 27 FX 16.74
111. 28 FX 8.39
112. PERFORM ANALYSIS
P R O B L E M S T AT I S T I C S
----------------------------------NUMBER OF JOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS = 28/ 27/ 1
ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH = 1/ 1
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 2, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM = 81
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 486 DOUBLE PREC. WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.04/ 2096.6 MB, EXMEM = 2.0 MB
++ Processing Element Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Global Stiffness Matrix.
++ Processing Triangular Factorization.
++ Calculating Joint Displacements.
++ Calculating Member Forces.
11:13: 0
11:13: 1
11:13: 1
11:13: 1
11:13: 1
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
0.0000
0.0000
0.0029
0.0041
0.0117
0.0169
0.0266
0.0382
0.0362
0.0521
0.0477
0.0687
0.0781
0.1125
0.1164
0.1676
0.1608
0.2315
0.2996
0.4314
0.7017
1.0104
1.2749
1.8362
2.0285
2.9219
2.2900
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 0.0000
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0001
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0002
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0003
0.0000 -0.0005
0.0000 -0.0005
0.0000 -0.0007
0.0000 -0.0007
0.0000 -0.0009
0.0000 -0.0008
0.0000 -0.0012
0.0000 -0.0009
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 74 OF 89
1 20.0666
2 28.9425
26 1 20.3039
2 29.2848
27 1 20.5411
2 29.6272
28 1 20.7784
2 29.9696
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000 -0.0024
0.0000 -0.0034
0.0000 -0.0024
0.0000 -0.0034
0.0000 -0.0024
0.0000 -0.0034
0.0000 -0.0024
0.0000 -0.0034
(a)
Vertical load
2175 kN
(b)
Moment
2104 kNm.
(c)
5.252 m
(d)
Shell thickness
0.326 m
(e)
Modular ratio
10.98
(f)
Percentage steel p
0.25%.
0.392
SECTION: WRITE-UP
SHEET 75 OF 89
TCE.M6-CV-RC-G-
From Table 2 for = = 0, actual e/r is less than 0.50. Hence, neutral axis
will lie outside the section and the whole section is under compression.
From equation 33, 34, 35 and 36,
I=
1
2
( 0 0 0)
1
4
000
I = /2 = 3.14/2 = 1.57.
x
r
np =
c=
000
10.98x0.00 25
(1 0.0025)
0.0275
2(1 0.0275)
000
1
1.57
c = 0.2764
Compressive stress in concrete fv =
0.2764x217 5x10
2463x326(1 0.0025)
= 0.75 N/mm2
(ii)Consider El 67.00 of the shell, where there is no opening.
(a) Vertical load
16620 kW
(b) Moment
52196 kNm.
OD
7.050 m
0.455 m
10.98
0.30%.
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From table 2 for = = 0, actual e/r is greater than 0.50. Hence, neutral
axis lies inside the section.
D = Cos 76.5 (0+0-1.335) 2Cos0 x sin0 sin0 + sin 76.5.
D = 0.6607.
E = ( - 0 1.335) cos 76.5 sin0 + sin 76.5.
E = 1.3941.
F = (1.335 0 0) (1+2 x cos 2 76.5) - {3 sin 153 + 0 + 0}. + 2 x cos
76.5 x (0+0).
F = 0.3997.
G = (-0-1.335)(1+2 x cos2 76.5) (0-3 sin 153) 2 x cos 76.5 x
0.
G = 1.3422.
np =
10.98x0.00 3
(1 0.003)
0.033
cos0 cos76.5
0.6021x(cos76.5 cos0)
cos0 cos76.5
0.6021
0.9688
cos76.5
r
(1 0.033)x0.6 607 0.033x1.39 41
e/r = 0.952
This is equal to the actual value of e/r. Hence, the assumption that =
76.5 is correct.
Vertical
stress
in
concrete
fc
3
0.6021x166 20x 10
2
6.69N/ mm
3297.5x455 x(1 0.003)
455
2x3297.5xcos0(cos0 cos76.5)
6.69x 1
2
7.30 N / mm
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40094 kN
(b) Moment
138967 kNm
OD
10.00 m
0.55m
8.12
1.05%
= = 18.830
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G = 0.3211.
np =
e
r
8.12x0.010 5
(1 0.0105)
0.0861
cos97
= 0.7322.
This is approximately equal to the actual e/r. Hence, the assumption that
= 970 is correct.
C =
S =
cos18.83 cos97
Vertical
stress
0.6196
0.4782
in
concrete
fc
3
0.6196x400 94x 10
2
9.66N/ mm
4725x550x(1 0.0105)
550
9.66 1
= 10.22 N/mm2.
Maximum vertical stress in steel
fs = 0.4782 x 8.12 x
3
40094x 10
4725x550x(1 0.0105)
6055N/ mm
(iv)
Vertical stress due to combined effect of axial load, moment and
temperature at EL 8.000.
(a) Effective cover to reinforcement
C=0.072 m
Ec=25860 N/mm2.
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Tx=550C.
On leeward side
As ft < fc, neutral axis is outside section.
7.821 2x8.12x0.0105(0.5(1 0.869) 0.869(1 0.5))
fcomb = 9.66 +
1 8.12x0.010 5
= 17.48 N/mm2.
Maximum compressive stress in concrete = fcomb = 17.48 N/mm2.
Stress on steel on hot face.
2
fsh = 17.48 2x7.82(1 0.869) x8.12 125.30N/
mm
(8.12x0.0105)
60.55
7.82
= 0.32 N/mm2
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k'
0.002
* 10.98 * (1.0 1)
2
0.002
* 10.98 * (1 1)) 2 2 * 0.002 * 10.98 * 0.5 * (0.8133
2
k = 0.1278
From equation (54)
Circumferential compressive stress in concrete
f ' ' cwc
4.93e6
1
* 0.1278 * 300(
3
3
0.1278
300
10.98 * 0.002((0.1278 1 0.8133 (0.8133
3
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DESIGN OF STRAKES
As mentioned earlier in section 6.3.6, the across wind oscillations can be
suppressed by providing discrete strakes on the outer surface of the
chimney. Clause A-7 of IS 4998 (Part I), 1992 gives the details of
strakes. Given below is example on the design of strakes.(Refr fig 11, 12
and 13)
The strake between stiffeners is a plate fixed along three edges and fourth
side free.
The forces in the plate are obtained using Moodys charts.
P =
4053 N/m2
a =
200 mm.
b =
1300 mm.
a/b =
0.154.
The charts are available for a/b = 0.125 and a/b = 0.25.
The values are interpolated for a/b = 0.154.
From figure 1, Sh 13
For a/b = 0.125.
Max. Mx = 0.0052 Pb2
Max. Rx = 0.125 Pb
For a/b = 0.25
Max. Mx = 0.0209 Pb2.
Interpolation for a/b = 0.154.
Max M
= 0.0088 Pb2
= 0.0088 x 4053 x 1.32
= 60.28 Nm/m = 60.28 Nmm/mm
Max. R
= 0.1545 pb
= 0.154 x 4053 x 1.3
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t = 1.48mm
1.4
Tvf
tf
2.62
80
19.83
120
0.198
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