International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

International Journal of Research and Innovation in

Thermal Engineering (IJRITE)
SIMULATION AND ANALYSIS OF 4 STROKE SINGLE CYLINDER DIRECT INJECTION
DIESEL ENGINE
Kuricheti N. V. Sravan Kumar1, Muppidi Rambabu2.
1 Research Scholar, Department of Thermal Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Aditya College of Engineering and Technology, Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh,
India.

Abstract
Whenever an engine is designed and manufactured, it is tested to calibrate brake power, indicated power and friction
power. Diesel engine simulation models can be used to understand the combustion performance; these models can reduce the effort, time while producing engines which fails to meet the requirements.
In the present work a thermodynamic simulation model for the performance of a four stroke direct injection diesel engine
is modelled.

A zero dimensional model has been used as a model to investigate the combustion performance of a single cylinder direct
injection diesel engine fuelled by high speed diesel. The numerical simulation was performed at different speeds and
compression ratios. The pressure, temperature diagrams vs crank angle are plotted. The simulation model includes sub
models for various frictional pressure losses, fuel inflow rate with crank angle.

A solution procedure is developed for solving the available equations using numerical methods. An appropriate C++
code is written for brake power, friction power, indicated power, brake thermal efficiency are simulated. Experiment was
conducted on available four stroke diesel engine and the model is validated.
KEYWORDS: Simulation model, combustion performance, zero dimensional model, numerical simulation, indicated
power, brake power, brake thermal efficiency, friction power.
*Corresponding Author:
Kuricheti N. V. Sravan Kumar,
Research Scholar,Department of Thermal Engineering,
Aditya College of Engineering and Technology,
Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Email: ksravankumar91@gmail.com
Year of publication: 2016
Review Type: peer reviewed
Volume: III, Issue : I

1. Moving the cylinder head

2. Variation of combustion chamber volume
3. Variation of piston deck height
4. Modification of connecting rod geometry (usually by
means of some intermediate member)
5. Moving the crankpin within the crankshaft (effectively
varying the stroke)
6. Moving the crankshaft axis
MATHEMATICAL MODELLING
PRESSURE LOSS MODELLING

Citation:Kuricheti N. V. Sravan Kumar, Research Scholar "Simulation And Analysis of 4 Stroke Single Cylinder
Direct Injection Diesel Engine" International Journal of
Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and
Technology (IJRISET) (2016) 103-106
INTRODUCTION:
Present days new ideas, which are not been discussed
two decades ago were considered by automotive manufacturers. In particular, many leading automotive companies
have approached practically the very complicated design
ideas with different aspects of diesel/petrol engine design.
These aspects have been under extensive theoretical and
experimental investigations. The most important aspect
of design is aimed to vary the engine compression ratio
depending on load, speed, or both. Several trials have
been done in that respect with extensive design, experimentation, and measurements. All attempts to change
the compression ratio are achieved by one or more of the
following concepts:

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

PRESSURE LOSS
The various pressure losses multiplied by volume and
speed and converted into friction power are shown below.

FUEL INFLOW RATE MODELLING

Mass flow rate of fuel=mass flow rate of air fuel air ratio
(stoichiometric) equivalence ratio
Volumetric efficiency is taken as 80%, pressure, temperature and gas constant are of intake air (approximated to
atmospheric condition).
PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE ESTIMATION
Writing the energy balance, the pressure variation with
respect to crank angle we get as

Variation of friction power with compression ratio

It can be observed from figure that crank case mechanical losses, throttling losses and pumping losses are independent of compression ratio. Piston and blowby losses
increase with increase in compression ratio almost linearly.

Variation of fuel consumption with brake power (experimental)

RESULTS:EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS
Time
taken
for 20
cc of
FC (s)

Net
Load
(kg)

BP
(kW)

FC
(kg/hr)

BSFC
(kg/
kW-hr)

BTE
(%)

IP
(kW)

ME (%)

120

----

---

0.4965

---

---

0.875

---

95

1.35

1.004

0.6272

0.6247

13.25

1.879

53.43

78

2.55

1.896

0.7638

0.4028

20.54

2.771

68.42

64

3.75

2.788

0.9309

0.3339

24.78

3.663

76.11

45

4.95

3.68

1.324

0.3598

23

4.555

80.79

Calculation of friction power using Willans line method Friction

power is found to be 0.875 kW which is 23.78% of the brake
power at full load.

EMPIRICAL SOLUTION RESULTS

Empirical relations directly give value of required parameter when the terms in the equations have proper units.
The results obtained are fairly accurate when compared
to the results obtained from experiments. The empirical
relations listed and are coded in C++ including the terms
with appropriate units to obtain friction power.
Comparison of brake specific fuel consumption obtained from
experimental and modelling solution.

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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

NUMERICAL SOLUTION
Indicated mean effective pressure =7.04961 bar
Indicated power=4.8723 kW
Friction power=0.7853 kW
Hence brake power=4.8723-0.7853=4.087 kW
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS

Comparison of brake specific fuel consumption obtained from

experimental and modelling solution

Brake power=3.68kW
Friction power=0.875kW (noted down from Willan's line
method then calculated)
Indicated power=3.68+0.875=4.555kW
Hence indicated mean effective pressure=6.5832 bar

P-V diagram

The P-V diagram obtained from numerical solution is following expected trend of an actual cycle. The steep rise
and decrease of pressure indicate combustion zone of the
engine.

Summary of results

The model gives fairly accurate results when we predict

indicated power and brake power at full load. There is deviation of 7%, 11% and 10.25 % in results obtained from
modelling solution to the predicted solution for indicated
power, brake power and friction power respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
1. The model predicts value of friction power and indicated power with an accuracy of 10%.
2. The engine must be operated at 75% of the load for the
lowest possible brake specific fuel consumption.

Pressure vs crank angle

3. Increase in compression ratio is going to decrease the

peak temperature. Even though in cylinder pressure increases with increase in pressure, emissions vary exponentially with temperature, hence emissions are reduced
when compression ratio is increased.
REFERENCES
[1] M.MaherAbou Al Sood, Mahmoud Ahmed and M.Yousef
Abdel Rahim. Rapid thermodynamic simulation model for
optimum performance of a four-stroke, direct-injection,
and variable-compression-ratio diesel engine, International journal of energy and environmental engineering,
Springer open journal, 2012.

Effect of compression ratio on temperature

Compression ratio varied from 16 to 19 and its effect on

temperature and pressure is studied. As compression
ratio increases the peak value of pressure increases but
peak value of temperature decreases. When compression
ratio is increased the peak values of incylinder pressure
and temperature are shifted towards TDC.
SUMMARY OF RESULTS AT FULL LOAD

[2] C.Felsch, K.Hoffmann, A.Vanegas, P.Drews, H.Barths,

D.Abel, and N.Peters. Combustion model reduction for
diesel engine control design, 10.1243, 2009.
[3] A.Sakhrieh, E.Abu-Nada, I.AlHinti, A.AlGhandoor,
B.Akash. Computational thermodynamic analysis of compression ignition engine, International Communications
in Heat and Mass Transfer, 37-299303, 2010.
[4] J.B. Heywood. Internal Combustion Engine Fundamentals, New York, McGraw-hill publications, 1988.
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International Journal of Research and Innovation on Science, Engineering and Technology (IJRISET)

AUTHORS

Kuricheti N. V. Sravan Kumar,

Research Scholar,
Department of Thermal Engineering,
Aditya College of Engineering and Technology,
Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Muppidi Rambabu,
Assistant Professor,
Department of Mechanical Engineering,
Aditya College of Engineering and Technology,
Surampalem, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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