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Brendan Dutchak
Mrs DeBock
22 September 2016
English 4
Essential Question: What can boat pollution do to our environment
Working Thesis: boat pollution can potentially harm the environment
Refine Thesis: Boat pollution is harming multiple aspects of the environment.
Carter, Lauren. "S.O.S.: Polluting Boat Ahead." E: The Environmental Magazine 18.3
(2007): 12. Points of View Reference Center. Web. 28 Sept. 2016.
Four-stroke motors are not any better than two-stroke, studies have not proven that fourstroke motors are better than two. An environmental science professor at the university of
Nevada I don't know. No one seems to know. Said Glenn Miller. Environmental Protection
Agency (EPA) have encouraged manufacturers to phase out two-stroke engines in favor of the
more environmentally friendly four-stroke. The four-stroke-engine still carries the harmful
chemical mix that a two-stroke carries.Even more greenhouse gasses per gallon burned. Fourstroke-engines aren't that much better than a two-stroke motor. No real studies prove that a twostroke motor is any worse than the four-stroke. The four-stroke motor has never been really
studied on its own to see if the two stroke is worse of better. The amount of underwater toxin that
is put in the water can cause a big problem for human health. An example for this is to many boat
in the water releases to much carbon monoxide, which can cause oxygen problems for fish and
other animals. This article was selected because it discussed the effects that four-stroke-engine
have on our waterways.

Long, Russell. "Two-Stroke Pollution." Earth Island Journal 11.3 (1996): 10. Points of View

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Reference Center. Web. 28 Sept. 2016. Blue

Bluewater Network most far-reaching victory is crafting California's ground-breaking
law aimed at curbing greenhouse gas emissions a law since adapted by seven states and Canada.
Other Bluewater projects include encouraging our national parks banning jet skis, snowmobiles
and off-road vehicles in favor of alternative fuels, and the elimination of coastal dumping.
Bluewater has been instrumental in the successful campaign against two-stroke engines in boats,
snowmobiles and other applications in Kerala, India. Today, two-stroke engines are on their way
out and more environmentally friendly four-stroke engines have taken their place. Complaints
about fish that tasted like kerosene led to research into the inefficient design of traditional twostroke marine engines. About 25 to 30 percent of unburned fuel was being ejected into the
waterways. This research has been a major victory championed by Bluewater to reduce the
effects of fuel emissions in waterways. This article was selected because of the enormous success
Bluewater has had in helping our environment.
Stephenson, John B. "Water Quality: Program Enhancements Would Better Ensure Adequacy Of
Boat Pumpout Facilities In No-Discharge Zones: GAO-04-613." GAO Reports (2004): 1.
Points of View Reference Center. Web. 23 Sept. 2016.
The Clean Water Act regulates boats from discharging untreated sewage but allows for
the discharge of treated sewage using certified marine sanitation devices. The act allows states to
designate certain areas where vessels are prohibited from discharging any sewage. Pumpout
stations are used in marinas and harbors to handle raw sewage instead of dumping it into our
waterways. The Clean Water Act does not address the monitoring of these facilities in
established no-discharge zones, and does not define a specific role for (EPA) Environmental
Protection Agency after the agency has initially determined that the facilities are adequate. This a

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major concern for the effective monitoring of our waterways concerning the dumping of sewage
by boats or vessels. This article was selected to draw awareness to the positive and negative
components of the Clean Water Act.