UNIT BAHASA INGGRIS/MKDU

Institut Pertanian Bogor

NAMA:
NRP. :

UJIAN AKHIR SEMESTER BAHASA INGGRIS UNTUK TPB

Semester 2 / 2006-2007 /Juni 2007
Reading 1

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Vitamins, taken in tiny doses, are a major group of organic

compounds that regulate the mechanism by which the body converts
food into energy. They should not be confused with minerals, which are
inorganic in their makeup. Although in general the naming of vitamins
followed the alphabetical order of their identification, the nomenclature
of individual substances may appear to be somewhat random and
disorganized. Among the 13 vitamins known today, five are produced in
the body. Because the body produces sufficient quantities of some but
not all vitamins, they must be supplemented in the daily diet. Although
each vitamin has its specific designation and cannot be replaced by
another compound, a lack of one vitamin can interfere with the
processing of another. When a lack of even one vitamin in a diet is
continual, a vitamin deficiency may result.
The best way for an individual to ensure a necessary supply of
vitamins is to maintain a balanced diet that includes a variety of foods
and provides adequate quantities of all the compounds. Some people
take vitamin supplements, predominantly in the form of tablets. The
vitamins in such supplements are equivalent to those in food, but an
adult who maintains a balanced diet does not need a daily supplement.
The ingestion of supplements is recommended only to correct an
existing deficiency due to unbalanced diet, to provide vitamins known
to be lacking in a restricted diet, or to act as a therapeutic measure in
medical treatment. Specifically, caution must be exercised with fatsoluble substances, such as vitamins A and D, because, taken in
gigantic doses, they may present a serious health hazard over a period
of time.

Choose the best answer. (15 points)

Questions 1 to 5 worth 2 points each
1.

The author implies that foods______________________.

A. supplies some but not all necessary vitamins
B. should be fortified with all vitamins
C. are equivalent in vitamin content
D. supplement some but not all necessary vitamins

2.

It can be inferred from the passage that vitamin supplements can be

advisable ______.
A. in special medical cases
C. after correcting a dietary
deficiency
B. in most restricted diets
D. before beginning a therapeutic
treatment

3.

According to the passage, vitamins are ______________.

A. food particles
C. miscellaneous substances
B. essential nutrients
D. major food groups

4.

The author implies that foods ______________.

A. should be supported with all vitamins
B. are equivalent in vitamin content
C. supplement but not all necessary vitamins
D. supplies some but not all necessary vitamins

5.

A continual lack of one vitamin in a persons diet is

______________________.
A. contagious
B. desirable
C. preposterous
dangerous

6.

D.

How many vitamins must be derived from nourishment?

A. 5
B. 7
C. 8
D. 13

7.

In line 2, the word regulate is closest meaning to___________.

A. control
B. refine
C. refresh
D.
continue

8.

In line 5, the word nomenclature is closest meaning to

_______________.
A. conservation
B. classification C. concentration
D.
clarification

9.

In line 8, the phrase daily diet is closest in meaning to

______________.
A. weight loss or gain
C. nourishment intake
B. sufficient quantities
D. nourishment quantity

10
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In line 19, the phrase act as is closest in meaning to

________________.
A. play the role of
B. pretend to be C. fight for
the fact that

D. attest to

11
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The word They in line 2 refers to ____________.

A. doses
B. vitamins
C. minerals
compounds

12
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The word that in line 13 refers to ____________.

A. foods
B. vitamins
C. a balanced diet
compounds

13
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The word they in line 20 refers to ____________.

A. foods
B. fat-soluble substances
compounds

14
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The sentence Vitamins, taken in tiny does, are a major group of

organic compounds that regulate the mechanism by which the body
converts food into energy is statement of ______________.
A. opinion and fact
B. opinion
C. fact
D. intent

15
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The sentence When a lack of even one vitamin in a diet is continual, a

vitamin deficiency may result is statement of ______________.
A. opinion and fact
B. opinion
C. fact
D. intent

16
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The word although in line 4 shows a/an ______________.

A. cause
B. comparison C. effect
contrast

D.

17
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The word because in line 7 shows a/an ______________.

A. cause
B. comparison C. effect
contrast

D.

18
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The clause that includes a variety of foods and provides adequate

quantities of all the compounds is a/an ___________.
a. verb
B. adverb
C. adjective
D. noun

D.

D.

C. doses

D.

Reading 2
Read the following text and answer the questions that follow.
The Population and People of India

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India had a population in 1981 of 687 million. Despite extensive

birth control programs it is still growing far too rapidly for comfort. In
the last 20 years it has gone for 439 million at the 1961 census to 547
million at the 1971 census to the present figure. Despite Indias many
large cities the country is still overwhelmingly rural. It is estimated
that only about 100 million of the total population live in cities or
towns, but with increasing industrialization the shift from village to city
will continue to grow.
The Indian people are not a homogenous group. It is quite easy
to tell the difference visually between the shorter Bengalis of the east,
the taller and lighter skinned people of the centre and north, the
Kashmiris with their distinctly central Asian appearance, the Tibetan

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people of Ladakh and the north of Himachal Pradesh, and the darkskinned Tamils of the south. Despite these regional variations, the
government has managed to successfully establish an Indian ethos
and nationalistic feeling.
Although India is overwhelmingly Hindu, there are large
minorities of other religions. These include 76 million Muslims, making
India one of the largest Muslim countries in the world, much larger
than any of the Arab Middle East nations. Christians number about 19
million, Sikhs 13 million, Buddhists 5 million and Jains 3 million. About
7% of the population is classified as tribal. They are found scattered
throughout the country although there are concentrations of them in
the north-east corner of the country as well as in Orissa and a number
of other states.

Decide whether each of the following statements is TRUE (T) or

FALSE (F) according to the text. Cross (x) T or F on your answer
sheet. (15 points)
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Most Indians live in the country side

Industrialization is one possible factor in shifting from village to city.
In the centre and the north of India, the people have darker skin.
20 years ago the number of population in India was 439 million.
It is implied in the text that differences among the people of different
regions are mostly physical.
The nationalistic feeling among Indians varies due to different religions.
Muslims number the most of all other religions than Hindu.
The tribal can only be found in Orissa.
The word overwhelmingly (line 5) is synonymous with excessively.
The word distinctly (line 10) can be replaced by specifically to keep
the same meaning.
The word establish (line 13) means abolish.
The word throughout (line 20) functions as a preposition.
It (line 5) refers to India.
The organization of the last paragraph is mostly showing contrast.
The clause that only about 100 million of the total population live in
cities or towns is an adjective clause.

Reading 3
Complete the following blanks by choosing the right word from the brackets.
Scientists claim that air pollution causes a decline in the world's
average air temperature. In order to prove that theory, ecologists have
turned to (34) [ (A) historical (B) historically (C) history ] data in relation to
especially huge volcanic eruptions. They suspect (35) [ (A) which (B) that (C)
who ] volcanoes effect weather changes that are similar to air pollution.
One source of information is the (36) [ (A) cause (B) reason (C) effect ]
of the eruption of Tambora, a volcano in Sumbawa, the Dutch East Indies, in
April 1815. The largest recorded volcanic eruption, Tambora (37) [ (A) took
(B) put (C) threw ] 150 million tons of fine ash into the stratosphere. The ash
from a volcano spreads worldwide in a few days and remains in the air for
years. Its effect is to turn incoming solar radiation into space and thus cool
the earth. (38) [ (A) An example (B) For example (C Such as ], records of
weather in England show (39) [ (A) which (B) that (C) who ] between April
and November 1815, the average temperature had fallen 4.5F. During the

next twenty-four months, England (40) [ (A) suffered (B) obtained (C) avoided
] one of the coldest periods of its history. Farmers' records from April 1815 to
December 1818 indicate frost throughout the spring and summer and sharp
(41) [ (A) decreasing (B) decreased (C) decreases ] in crop and livestock
markets. (42) [ (A) Since (B) Moreover (C) Therefore ] there was a time lag of
several years between cause and effect, by the time the world (43) [ (A)
agriculture (B) agriculturally (C) agricultural ] commodity had deteriorated,
no one realized the cause.

Reading 4
Coal, oil, and natural gas supply modern civilization with most of its
power. However, not only are supplies of these fuels limited, but they are a
major source of pollution. If the energy demands of the future are to be met
without seriously harming the environment, existing alternative energy
sources must be improved or further explored and developed. These include
nuclear, water, solar, wind and geothermal power, as well as energy from
new, nonpolluting types of fuels. Each of these alternatives, however, has
advantages and disadvantages.
Nuclear power plants efficiently produce large amounts of electricity
without polluting the atmosphere; however, they are costly to build and
maintain, and they pose the daunting problem of what to do with nuclear
wastes. Hydroelectric power is inexpensive and environmentally safe, but
impractical for communities located far from moving water. Harnessing
energy from tides and waves has similar drawbacks. Solar power holds great
promise for the future but methods of collecting and concentrating sunlight
are as yet inefficient, as are methods of harnessing wind power.
Every source of energy has its advantages. One way to minimize them
is to use less energy. Conservation efforts coupled with renewable energy
resources, such as combination of solar, water, wind and geothermal energy
and alternative fuels, such as alcohol and hydrogen, will ensure supplies of
clean, affordable energy for humanitys future.
Complete the following table with necessary information from the
above passage. Your answer MUST not be MORE than THREE WORDS.
(10 points)
Source of energy
Coal, oil, natural gas

Advantages

45. plants Large amount of electricity

46
48 .

49 ..
50 ..

51..
52 ...

Good future

Disadvantages
44...

Polluted
47 ...
Daunting problem
Impractical
impractical
inefficient
53 ..

Reading 5

10

15

The sun supplies the earth with an enormous amount of energy,

but that energy is not evenly distributed over the globe. Incoming solar
radiation (insulation) is much stronger near the equator than at high
latitudes. Of the solar energy that reaches the outer atmosphere, about
one-quarter is reflected by clouds and atmospheric gases, and another
quarter is absorbed by carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, methane, and
a few other gases. This energy absorption warms the atmosphere slightly.
About half of incoming solar radiation (insulation) reaches the earths
surface. Some of this energy is reflected by bright surfaces, such as snow,
ice, and sand. The rest is absorbed by the earths surface and by water.
Surfaces that reflect energy have a high Aledo (reflectivity). Most of these
surfaces appear bright to us because they reflect light as well as other
forms of radioactive energy. Surfaces that absorb energy have a low Aledo
and generally appear dark. Black soil, asphalt pavement, and dark green
vegetation, for example, have low albinos.
Absorbed energy heats the absorbing surface (such as an asphalt
parking lot in summer), evaporates water, or provides the energy for
photosynthesis in plants. Following the second law of thermodynamics,
absorbed energy is gradually reemitted as lower quality heat energy. A
brick building, for example, absorbs energy in the form of light and reemits

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that energy in the form of heat.

The change in energy quality is very important because the
atmosphere selectively absorbs longer-wavelengths. Most solar energy
comes in the form of intense, high-energy light or near infrared
wavelengths. This short-wavelength energy passes relatively easily
through the atmosphere to reach the earths surface. Energy re-released
from the earths warmed surface (terrestrial energy) is lower intensity,
longer-wavelength energy in the infrared part of the spectrum.
Atmosphere gases, especially carbon dioxide and water vapor, absorb
much of this long-wavelength energy, re-releasing it in the lower
atmosphere and letting it leak out to space only slowly. This terrestrial
energy provides most of the heat in the lower atmosphere. If the
atmosphere were as transparent to infrared radiation as it is to visible
light, the earths average surface temperature would be about 18 oC to
33oC colder than it is now.
This phenomenon is called the greenhouse effect because the
atmosphere, loosely comparable to the glass of a greenhouse, transmits
sunlight while trapping heat inside. The greenhouse effect is a natural
atmospheric process that is necessary for life as we know it. However, too
strong a greenhouse effect, caused by burning of fossil fuels and
deforestation, may cause harmful environmental change.

Indicate whether the following sentences are true or false according to the
information from the passage.
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The best title for the above passage is Energy and the Greenhouse
Effect.
The topic sentence of paragraph 3 is a statement of opinion.
The first sentence of paragraph 1 is a fact.
The part of speech of the word atmospheric (line 29) is an ADJECTIVE.
The last sentence of paragraph 3 is a fact.
There are 4 adjective clauses in the first paragraph
The words reemit (line 16) and re-release (line 23) are synonyms.
The word however (line 30) can be best replaced by nevertheless.
All sentences in the last paragraph convey fact.
The function of the word while (line 28) is to contrast.
The purpose of the last paragraph is to show cause-effect relationship.
The suffix ful in the word harmful (line 31) means cause to harm.
The phrase for example in line 11 shows an illustration.
The word transmits in line 28 can be best replaced by transfer.
The word it in line 26 refers to nothing.

68 questions worth 73 points

Reading 6 & 7 (TD) (22 points)