Chapter113.

TexasEssentialKnowledgeandSkillsforSocialStudies
SubchapterA.Elementary
StatutoryAuthority:TheprovisionsofthisSubchapterAissuedundertheTexasEducationCode,
7.102(c)(4)and28.002,unlessotherwisenoted.
113.10.ImplementationofTexasEssentialKnowledgeandSkillsforSocialStudies,Elementary,
BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
Theprovisionsof113.11113.16ofthissubchaptershallbeimplementedbyschooldistrictsbeginningwith
the20112012schoolyear.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.10adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232amendedtobe
effectiveOctober17,2011,36TexReg6946.
113.11.SocialStudies,Kindergarten,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InKindergarten,thestudyoftheself,home,family,andclassroomestablishesthefoundationfor
responsiblecitizenshipinsociety.Studentsexplorestateandnationalheritagebyexaminingthe
celebrationofpatrioticholidaysandthecontributionsofindividuals.Theconceptofchronologyis
introduced.Studentsapplygeographicconceptsoflocationandphysicalandhumancharacteristicsof
place.Studentsidentifybasichumanneedsandwayspeoplemeettheseneeds.Studentslearnthepurpose
ofrulesandtheroleofauthorityfiguresinthehomeandschool.Studentslearncustoms,symbols,and
celebrationsthatrepresentAmericanbeliefsandprinciplesandcontributetoournationalidentity.
Studentscomparefamilycustomsandtraditionsanddescribeexamplesoftechnologyinthehomeand
school.Studentsacquireinformationfromavarietyoforalandvisualsources.Studentspractice
problemsolving,decisionmaking,andindependentthinkingskills.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichmaterialis
encouraged.Motivatingresourcesareavailablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidentiallibraries,and
localandstatepreservationsocieties.
(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater
depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.
(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).

(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Studentsmustdemonstratelearningperformancerelatedtoanyfederalandstatemandatesregarding
classroominstruction.AlthoughKindergartenisnotrequiredtoparticipateinCelebrateFreedomWeek,
accordingtotheTEC,29.907,primarygradeslaythefoundationforsubsequentlearning.Asaresult,
KindergartenTexasessentialknowledgeandskillsincludestandardsrelatedtothispatrioticobservance.
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.Thestudentunderstandsthatholidaysarecelebrationsofspecialevents.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)explainthereasonsfornationalpatrioticholidayssuchasPresidents'Day,VeteransDay,and
IndependenceDayand
(B)identifycustomsassociatedwithnationalpatrioticholidayssuchasparadesandfireworkson
IndependenceDay.
(2)History.Thestudentunderstandshowhistoricalfigures,patriots,andgoodcitizenshelpedshapethe
community,state,andnation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycontributionsofhistoricalfigures,includingStephenF.Austin,GeorgeWashington,
ChristopherColumbus,andJosAntonioNavarro,whohelpedtoshapethestateandnationand
(B)identifycontributionsofpatriotsandgoodcitizenswhohaveshapedthecommunity.
(3)History.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptofchronology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)placeeventsinchronologicalorderand
(B)usevocabularyrelatedtotimeandchronology,includingbefore,after,next,first,last,
yesterday,today,andtomorrow.
(4)Geography.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptoflocation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useterms,includingover,under,near,far,left,andright,todescriberelativelocation
(B)locateplacesontheschoolcampusanddescribetheirrelativelocationsand
(C)identifytoolsthataidindetermininglocation,includingmapsandglobes.
(5)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsphysicalandhumancharacteristicsofplace.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)identifythephysicalcharacteristicsofplacesuchaslandforms,bodiesofwater,natural
resources,andweatherand
(B)identifyhowthehumancharacteristicsofplacesuchaswaysofearningaliving,shelter,
clothing,food,andactivitiesarebasedupongeographiclocation.

(6)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthatbasichumanneedsandwantsaremetinmanyways.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifybasichumanneedsoffood,clothing,andshelter
(B)explainthedifferencebetweenneedsandwantsand
(C)explainhowbasichumanneedscanbemetsuchasthroughselfproducing,purchasing,and
trading.
(7)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthevalueofjobs.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyjobsinthehome,school,andcommunityand
(B)explainwhypeoplehavejobs.
(8)Government.Thestudentunderstandsthepurposeofrules.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifypurposesforhavingrulesand
(B)identifyrulesthatprovideorder,security,andsafetyinthehomeandschool.
(9)Government.Thestudentunderstandstheroleofauthorityfigures.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyauthorityfiguresinthehome,school,andcommunityand
(B)explainhowauthorityfiguresmakeandenforcerules.
(10)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandsimportantsymbols,customs,andresponsibilitiesthatrepresent
Americanbeliefsandprinciplesandcontributetoournationalidentity.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifytheflagsoftheUnitedStatesandTexas
(B)recitethePledgeofAllegiancetotheUnitedStatesFlagandthePledgetotheTexasFlag
(C)identifyConstitutionDayasacelebrationofAmericanfreedomand
(D)usevotingasamethodforgroupdecisionmaking.
(11)Culture.Thestudentunderstandssimilaritiesanddifferencesamongpeople.Thestudentisexpected
to:
(A)identifysimilaritiesanddifferencesamongpeoplesuchaskinship,laws,andreligionand
(B)identifysimilaritiesanddifferencesamongpeoplesuchasmusic,clothing,andfood.
(12)Culture.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceoffamilycustomsandtraditions.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)describeandexplaintheimportanceoffamilycustomsandtraditionsand
(B)comparefamilycustomsandtraditions.
(13)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandswaystechnologyisusedinthehomeand
schoolandhowtechnologyaffectspeople'slives.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyexamplesoftechnologyusedinthehomeandschool

(B)describehowtechnologyhelpsaccomplishspecifictasksandmeetpeople'sneedsand
(C)describehowhisorherlifemightbedifferentwithoutmoderntechnology.
(14)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidoralsourcessuchasconversations,
interviews,andmusic
(B)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidvisualsourcessuchaspictures,
symbols,electronicmedia,printmaterial,andartifactsand
(C)sequenceandcategorizeinformation.
(15)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinoralandvisualforms.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)expressideasorallybasedonknowledgeandexperiencesand
(B)createandinterpretvisuals,includingpicturesandmaps.
(16)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,generateoptions,predictoutcomes,takeactiontoimplementadecision,andreflect
ontheeffectivenessofthedecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.11adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
113.12.SocialStudies,Grade1,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InGrade1,studentsstudytheirrelationshiptotheclassroom,school,andcommunitytoestablishthe
foundationforresponsiblecitizenshipinsociety.Studentsdevelopconceptsoftimeandchronologyby
distinguishingamongpast,present,andfutureevents.Studentsidentifyanthemsandmottoesofthe
UnitedStatesandTexas.Studentscreatesimplemapstoidentifythelocationofplacesintheclassroom,
school,andcommunity.Studentsexploretheconceptsofgoodsandservicesandthevalueofwork.
Studentsidentifyindividualswhoexhibitgoodcitizenship.Studentsdescribetheimportanceoffamily
customsandtraditionsandidentifyhowtechnologyhaschangedfamilylife.Studentssequenceand
categorizeinformation.Studentspracticeproblemsolving,decisionmaking,andindependentthinking
skills.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichmaterialis
encouraged.Motivatingresourcesareavailablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidentiallibraries,and
localandstatepreservationsocieties.
(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater

depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.
(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).
(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Studentsmustdemonstratelearningperformancerelatedtoanyfederalandstatemandatesregarding
classroominstruction.AlthoughGrade1isnotrequiredtoparticipateinCelebrateFreedomWeek,
accordingtotheTEC,29.907,primarygradeslaythefoundationforsubsequentlearning.Asaresult,
Grade1Texasessentialknowledgeandskillsincludestandardsrelatedtothispatrioticobservance.
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.Thestudentunderstandstheoriginsofcustoms,holidays,andcelebrations.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)describetheoriginsofcustoms,holidays,andcelebrationsofthecommunity,state,and
nationsuchasSanJacintoDay,IndependenceDay,andVeteransDayand
(B)comparetheobservanceofholidaysandcelebrations,pastandpresent.
(2)History.Thestudentunderstandshowhistoricalfigures,patriots,andgoodcitizenshelpedshapethe
community,state,andnation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycontributionsofhistoricalfigures,includingSamHouston,GeorgeWashington,
AbrahamLincoln,andMartinLutherKingJr.,whohaveinfluencedthecommunity,state,and
nation
(B)identifyhistoricalfiguressuchasAlexanderGrahamBell,ThomasEdison,GarrettMorgan,
andRichardAllen,andotherindividualswhohaveexhibitedindividualismandinventiveness
and
(C)comparethesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongthelivesandactivitiesofhistoricalfigures
andotherindividualswhohaveinfluencedthecommunity,state,andnation.
(3)History.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptsoftimeandchronology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)distinguishamongpast,present,andfuture
(B)describeandmeasurecalendartimebydays,weeks,months,andyearsand

(C)createacalendarandsimpletimeline.
(4)Geography.Thestudentunderstandstherelativelocationofplaces.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)locateplacesusingthefourcardinaldirectionsand
(B)describethelocationofselfandobjectsrelativetootherlocationsintheclassroomand
school.
(5)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsthepurposeofmapsandglobes.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)createandusesimplemapssuchasmapsofthehome,classroom,school,andcommunity
and
(B)locatethecommunity,Texas,andtheUnitedStatesonmapsandglobes.
(6)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsvariousphysicalandhumancharacteristics.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)identifyanddescribethephysicalcharacteristicsofplacesuchaslandforms,bodiesofwater,
naturalresources,andweather
(B)identifyexamplesofandusesfornaturalresourcesinthecommunity,state,andnationand
(C)identifyanddescribehowthehumancharacteristicsofplacesuchasshelter,clothing,food,
andactivitiesarebasedupongeographiclocation.
(7)Economics.Thestudentunderstandshowfamiliesmeetbasichumanneeds.Thestudentisexpected
to:
(A)describewaysthatfamiliesmeetbasichumanneedsand
(B)describesimilaritiesanddifferencesinwaysfamiliesmeetbasichumanneeds.
(8)Economics.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptsofgoodsandservices.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyexamplesofgoodsandservicesinthehome,school,andcommunity
(B)identifywayspeopleexchangegoodsandservicesand
(C)identifytheroleofmarketsintheexchangeofgoodsandservices.
(9)Economics.Thestudentunderstandstheconditionofnotbeingabletohaveallthegoodsand
servicesonewants.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyexamplesofpeoplewantingmorethantheycanhave
(B)explainwhywantingmorethantheycanhaverequiresthatpeoplemakechoicesand
(C)identifyexamplesofchoicesfamiliesmakewhenbuyinggoodsandservices.
(10)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthevalueofwork.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethecomponentsofvariousjobsandthecharacteristicsofajobwellperformedand
(B)describehowspecializedjobscontributetotheproductionofgoodsandservices.

(11)Government.Thestudentunderstandsthepurposeofrulesandlaws.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthepurposeforrulesandlawsinthehome,school,andcommunityand
(B)identifyrulesandlawsthatestablishorder,providesecurity,andmanageconflict.
(12)Government.Thestudentunderstandstheroleofauthorityfigures,publicofficials,andcitizens.
Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifytheresponsibilitiesofauthorityfiguresinthehome,school,andcommunity
(B)identifyanddescribetherolesofpublicofficialsinthecommunity,state,andnationand
(C)identifyanddescribetheroleofagoodcitizeninmaintainingaconstitutionalrepublic.
(13)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandscharacteristicsofgoodcitizenshipasexemplifiedbyhistorical
figuresandotherindividuals.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship,includingtruthfulness,justice,equality,respect
foroneselfandothers,responsibilityindailylife,andparticipationingovernmentbyeducating
oneselfabouttheissues,respectfullyholdingpublicofficialstotheirword,andvoting
(B)identifyhistoricalfiguressuchasBenjaminFranklin,FrancisScottKey,andEleanor
Rooseveltwhohaveexemplifiedgoodcitizenshipand
(C)identifyotherindividualswhoexemplifygoodcitizenship.
(14)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandsimportantsymbols,customs,andcelebrationsthatrepresent
Americanbeliefsandprinciplesandcontributetoournationalidentity.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainstateandnationalpatrioticsymbols,includingtheUnitedStatesandTexasflags,the
LibertyBell,theStatueofLiberty,andtheAlamo
(B)reciteandexplainthemeaningofthePledgeofAllegiancetotheUnitedStatesFlagandthe
PledgetotheTexasFlag
(C)identifyanthemsandmottoesofTexasandtheUnitedStates
(D)explainandpracticevotingasawayofmakingchoicesanddecisions
(E)explainhowpatrioticcustomsandcelebrationsreflectAmericanindividualismandfreedom
and
(F)identifyConstitutionDayasacelebrationofAmericanfreedom.
(15)Culture.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceoffamilyandcommunitybeliefs,customs,
language,andtraditions.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describeandexplaintheimportanceofvariousbeliefs,customs,language,andtraditionsof
familiesandcommunitiesand
(B)explainthewayfolktalesandlegendssuchasAesop'sfablesreflectbeliefs,customs,
language,andtraditionsofcommunities.
(16)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandshowtechnologyaffectsdailylife,past
andpresent.Thestudentisexpectedto:

(A)describehowtechnologychangesthewaysfamilieslive
(B)describehowtechnologychangescommunication,transportation,andrecreationand
(C)describehowtechnologychangesthewaypeoplework.
(17)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidoralsourcessuchasconversations,
interviews,andmusic
(B)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidvisualsourcessuchaspictures,
symbols,electronicmedia,maps,literature,andartifactsand
(C)sequenceandcategorizeinformation.
(18)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinoral,visual,andwrittenforms.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)expressideasorallybasedonknowledgeandexperiencesand
(B)createandinterpretvisualandwrittenmaterial.
(19)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,generateoptions,predictoutcomes,takeactiontoimplementadecision,andreflect
ontheeffectivenessofthatdecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.12adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
113.13.SocialStudies,Grade2,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InGrade2,studentsfocusonastudyoftheirlocalcommunitybyexaminingtheimpactof
significantindividualsandeventsonthehistoryofthecommunityaswellasonthestateandnation.
Studentsbegintodeveloptheconceptsoftimeandchronology.Therelationshipbetweenthephysical
environmentandhumanactivitiesisintroducedasaretheconceptsofconsumersandproducers.Students
identifyfunctionsofgovernmentaswellasservicesprovidedbythelocalgovernment.Studentscontinue
toacquireknowledgeofcustoms,symbols,andcelebrationsthatrepresentAmericanbeliefsand
principles.Studentsidentifythesignificanceofworksofartinthelocalcommunityandexplainhow
technologicalinnovationshavechangedtransportationandcommunication.Studentscommunicatewhat
theyhavelearnedinwritten,oral,andvisualforms.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichmaterial
suchasnonfictiontexts,primarysources,biographies,folklore,poetry,songs,andartworksis
encouraged.Motivatingresourcesareavailablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidentiallibraries,
onlinetours,andlocalandstatepreservationsocieties.

(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater
depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.
(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).
(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Studentsmustdemonstratelearningperformancerelatedtoanyfederalandstatemandatesregarding
classroominstruction.AlthoughGrade2isnotrequiredtoparticipateinCelebrateFreedomWeek,
accordingtotheTEC,29.907,primarygradeslaythefoundationforsubsequentlearning.Asaresult,
Grade2Texasessentialknowledgeandskillsincludestandardsrelatedtothispatrioticobservance.
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.Thestudentunderstandsthehistoricalsignificanceoflandmarksandcelebrationsinthe
community,state,andnation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthesignificanceofvariouscommunity,state,andnationalcelebrationssuchas
VeteransDay,MemorialDay,IndependenceDay,andThanksgivingand
(B)identifyandexplainthesignificanceofvariouscommunity,state,andnationallandmarks
suchasmonumentsandgovernmentbuildings.
(2)History.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptsoftimeandchronology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describetheorderofeventsbyusingdesignationsoftimeperiodssuchashistoricaland
presenttimes
(B)applyvocabularyrelatedtochronology,includingpast,present,andfutureand
(C)createandinterprettimelinesforeventsinthepastandpresent.
(3)History.Thestudentunderstandshowvarioussourcesprovideinformationaboutthepastand
present.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyseveralsourcesofinformationaboutagivenperiodoreventsuchasreference
materials,biographies,newspapers,andelectronicsourcesand

(B)describevariousevidenceofthesametimeperiodusingprimarysourcessuchas
photographs,journals,andinterviews.
(4)History.Thestudentunderstandshowhistoricalfigures,patriots,andgoodcitizenshelpedshapethe
community,state,andnation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycontributionsofhistoricalfigures,includingThurgoodMarshall,IrmaRangel,John
Hancock,andTheodoreRoosevelt,whohaveinfluencedthecommunity,state,andnation
(B)identifyhistoricalfiguressuchasAmeliaEarhart,W.E.B.DuBois,RobertFulton,and
GeorgeWashingtonCarverwhohaveexhibitedindividualismandinventivenessand
(C)explainhowpeopleandeventshaveinfluencedlocalcommunityhistory.
(5)Geography.Thestudentusessimplegeographictoolssuchasmapsandglobes.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)interpretinformationonmapsandglobesusingbasicmapelementssuchastitle,orientation
(north,south,east,west),andlegend/mapkeysand
(B)createmapstoshowplacesandrouteswithinthehome,school,andcommunity.
(6)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsthelocationsandcharacteristicsofplacesandregionsinthe
community,state,andnation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifymajorlandformsandbodiesofwater,includingeachofthecontinentsandeachof
theoceans,onmapsandglobes
(B)locateplacesofsignificance,includingthelocalcommunity,Texas,thestatecapital,theU.S.
capital,majorcitiesinTexas,thecoastofTexas,Canada,Mexico,andtheUnitedStatesonmaps
andglobesand
(C)examineinformationfromvarioussourcesaboutplacesandregions.
(7)Geography.Thestudentunderstandshowphysicalcharacteristicsofplacesandregionsaffect
people'sactivitiesandsettlementpatterns.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describehowweatherpatternsandseasonalpatternsaffectactivitiesandsettlementpatterns
(B)describehownaturalresourcesandnaturalhazardsaffectactivitiesandsettlementpatterns
(C)explainhowpeopledependonthephysicalenvironmentandnaturalresourcestomeetbasic
needsand
(D)identifythecharacteristicsofdifferentcommunities,includingurban,suburban,andrural,
andhowtheyaffectactivitiesandsettlementpatterns.
(8)Geography.Thestudentunderstandshowhumansuseandmodifythephysicalenvironment.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifywaysinwhichpeoplehavemodifiedthephysicalenvironmentsuchasbuilding
roads,clearinglandforurbandevelopmentandagriculturaluse,anddrillingforoil
(B)identifypositiveandnegativeconsequencesofhumanmodificationofthephysical
environmentsuchastheuseofirrigationtoimprovecropyieldsand

(C)identifywayspeoplecanconserveandreplenishnaturalresources.
(9)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthevalueofwork.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainhowworkprovidesincometopurchasegoodsandservicesand
(B)explainthechoicespeopleintheU.S.freeenterprisesystemcanmakeaboutearning,
spending,andsavingmoneyandwheretoliveandwork.
(10)Economics.Thestudentunderstandstherolesofproducersandconsumersintheproductionof
goodsandservices.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)distinguishbetweenproducingandconsuming
(B)identifywaysinwhichpeoplearebothproducersandconsumersand
(C)examinethedevelopmentofaproductfromanaturalresourcetoafinishedproduct.
(11)Government.Thestudentunderstandsthepurposeofgovernments.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyfunctionsofgovernmentssuchasestablishingorder,providingsecurity,and
managingconflict
(B)identifygovernmentalservicesinthecommunitysuchaspoliceandfireprotection,libraries,
schools,andparksandexplaintheirvaluetothecommunityand
(C)describehowgovernmentstaxcitizenstopayforservices.
(12)Government.Thestudentunderstandstheroleofpublicofficials.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)namecurrentpublicofficials,includingmayor,governor,andpresident
(B)comparetherolesofpublicofficials,includingmayor,governor,andpresident
(C)identifywaysthatpublicofficialsareselected,includingelectionandappointmenttooffice
and
(D)identifyhowcitizensparticipateintheirowngovernancethroughstayinginformedofwhat
publicofficialsaredoing,providinginputtothem,andvolunteeringtoparticipateingovernment
functions.
(13)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandscharacteristicsofgoodcitizenshipasexemplifiedbyhistorical
figuresandotherindividuals.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship,includingtruthfulness,justice,equality,respect
foroneselfandothers,responsibilityindailylife,andparticipationingovernmentbyeducating
oneselfabouttheissues,respectfullyholdingpublicofficialstotheirword,andvoting
(B)identifyhistoricalfiguressuchasPaulRevere,AbigailAdams,WorldWarIIWomen
AirforceServicePilots(WASPs)andNavajoCodeTalkers,andSojournerTruthwhohave
exemplifiedgoodcitizenship
(C)identifyotherindividualswhoexemplifygoodcitizenshipand
(D)identifywaystoactivelypracticegoodcitizenship,includinginvolvementincommunity
service.

(14)Citizenship.Thestudentidentifiescustoms,symbols,andcelebrationsthatrepresentAmerican
beliefsandprinciplesthatcontributetoournationalidentity.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)recitethePledgeofAllegiancetotheUnitedStatesFlagandthePledgetotheTexasFlag
(B)identifyselectedpatrioticsongs,including"TheStarSpangledBanner"and"Americathe
Beautiful"
(C)identifyselectedsymbolssuchasstateandnationalbirdsandflowersandpatrioticsymbols
suchastheU.S.andTexasflagsandUncleSamand
(D)identifyhowselectedcustoms,symbols,andcelebrationsreflectanAmericanloveof
individualism,inventiveness,andfreedom.
(15)Culture.Thestudentunderstandsthesignificanceofworksofartinthelocalcommunity.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyselectedstories,poems,statues,paintings,andotherexamplesofthelocalcultural
heritageand
(B)explainthesignificanceofselectedstories,poems,statues,paintings,andotherexamplesof
thelocalculturalheritage.
(16)Culture.Thestudentunderstandsethnicand/orculturalcelebrations.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythesignificanceofvariousethnicand/orculturalcelebrationsand
(B)compareethnicand/orculturalcelebrations.
(17)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandshowscienceandtechnologyhave
affectedlife,pastandpresent.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describehowscienceandtechnologychangecommunication,transportation,andrecreation
and
(B)explainhowscienceandtechnologychangethewaysinwhichpeoplemeetbasicneeds.
(18)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidoralsourcessuchasconversations,
interviews,andmusic
(B)obtaininformationaboutatopicusingavarietyofvalidvisualsourcessuchaspictures,
maps,electronicsources,literature,referencesources,andartifacts
(C)usevariouspartsofasource,includingthetableofcontents,glossary,andindex,aswellas
keywordInternetsearchestolocateinformation
(D)sequenceandcategorizeinformationand
(E)interpretoral,visual,andprintmaterialbyidentifyingthemainidea,predicting,and
comparingandcontrasting.
(19)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinwritten,oral,andvisualforms.Thestudentis
expectedto:

(A)expressideasorallybasedonknowledgeandexperiencesand
(B)createwrittenandvisualmaterialsuchasstories,poems,maps,andgraphicorganizersto
expressideas.
(20)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,generateoptions,predictoutcomes,takeactiontoimplementadecision,andreflect
ontheeffectivenessofthatdecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.13adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
113.14.SocialStudies,Grade3,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InGrade3,studentslearnhowdiverseindividualshavechangedtheircommunitiesandworld.
Studentsstudytheeffectsinspiringheroeshavehadoncommunities,pastandpresent.Studentslearn
aboutthelivesofheroicmenandwomenwhomadeimportantchoices,overcameobstacles,sacrificed
forthebettermentofothers,andembarkedonjourneysthatresultedinnewideas,newinventions,new
technologies,andnewcommunities.Studentsexpandtheirknowledgethroughtheidentificationand
studyofpeoplewhomadeadifference,influencedpublicpolicyanddecisionmaking,andparticipatedin
resolvingissuesthatareimportanttoallpeople.ThroughoutGrade3,studentsdevelopanunderstanding
oftheeconomic,cultural,andscientificcontributionsmadebyindividuals.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichmaterial
suchasbiographies,foundingdocuments,poetry,songs,andartworksisencouraged.Motivating
resourcesareavailablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidentiallibraries,andlocalandstate
preservationsocieties.
(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater
depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.
(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).

(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Stateandfederallawsmandateavarietyofcelebrationsandobservances,includingCelebrate
FreedomWeek.
(A)Eachsocialstudiesclassshallinclude,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekasprovidedunder
theTEC,29.907,orduringanotherfullschoolweekasdeterminedbytheboardoftrusteesofa
schooldistrict,appropriateinstructionconcerningtheintent,meaning,andimportanceofthe
DeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.Constitution,includingtheBillofRights,intheir
historicalcontexts.ThestudyoftheDeclarationofIndependencemustincludethestudyofthe
relationshipoftheideasexpressedinthatdocumenttosubsequentAmericanhistory,includingthe
relationshipofitsideastotherichdiversityofourpeopleasanationofimmigrants,theAmerican
Revolution,theformulationoftheU.S.Constitution,andtheabolitionistmovement,whichledto
theEmancipationProclamationandthewomen'ssuffragemovement.
(B)Eachschooldistrictshallrequirethat,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekorotherweekof
instructionprescribedundersubparagraph(A)ofthisparagraph,studentsinGrades312study
andrecitethefollowingtext:"WeholdtheseTruthstobeselfevident,thatallMenarecreated
equal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongthese
areLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappinessThattosecuretheseRights,Governmentsare
institutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned."
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.Thestudentunderstandshowindividuals,events,andideashaveinfluencedthehistoryof
variouscommunities.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describehowindividuals,events,andideashavechangedcommunities,pastandpresent
(B)identifyindividuals,includingPierreCharlesL'Enfant,BenjaminBanneker,andBenjamin
Franklin,whohavehelpedtoshapecommunitiesand
(C)describehowindividuals,includingDanielBoone,ChristopherColumbus,theFounding
Fathers,andJuandeOate,havecontributedtotheexpansionofexistingcommunitiesortothe
creationofnewcommunities.
(2)History.Thestudentunderstandscommoncharacteristicsofcommunities,pastandpresent.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyreasonspeoplehaveformedcommunities,includinganeedforsecurity,religious
freedom,law,andmaterialwellbeing
(B)identifywaysinwhichpeopleinthelocalcommunityandothercommunitiesmeettheir
needsforgovernment,education,communication,transportation,andrecreationand
(C)comparewaysinwhichvariousothercommunitiesmeettheirneeds.
(3)History.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptsoftimeandchronology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)usevocabularyrelatedtochronology,includingpast,present,andfuturetimes

(B)createandinterprettimelinesand
(C)applythetermsyear,decade,andcenturytodescribehistoricaltimes.
(4)Geography.Thestudentunderstandshowhumansadapttovariationsinthephysicalenvironment.
Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describeandexplainvariationsinthephysicalenvironment,includingclimate,landforms,
naturalresources,andnaturalhazards
(B)identifyandcomparehowpeopleindifferentcommunitiesadapttoormodifythephysical
environmentinwhichtheylivesuchasdeserts,mountains,wetlands,andplains
(C)describetheeffectsofphysicalprocessessuchasvolcanoes,hurricanes,andearthquakesin
shapingthelandscape
(D)describetheeffectsofhumanprocessessuchasbuildingnewhomes,conservation,and
pollutioninshapingthelandscapeand
(E)identifyandcomparethehumancharacteristicsofvariousregions.
(5)Geography.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptsoflocation,distance,anddirectiononmapsand
globes.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)usecardinalandintermediatedirectionstolocateplacesonmapsandglobessuchasthe
RockyMountains,theMississippiRiver,andAustin,Texas,inrelationtothelocalcommunity
(B)useascaletodeterminethedistancebetweenplacesonmapsandglobes
(C)identifyandusethecompassrose,gridsystem,andsymbolstolocateplacesonmapsand
globesand
(D)createandinterpretmapsofplacesandregionsthatcontainmapelements,includingatitle,
compassrose,legend,scale,andgridsystem.
(6)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthepurposesofearning,spending,saving,anddonatingmoney.
Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifywaysofearning,spending,saving,anddonatingmoneyand
(B)createasimplebudgetthatallocatesmoneyforspending,saving,anddonating.
(7)Economics.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptofthefreeenterprisesystem.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)defineandidentifyexamplesofscarcity
(B)explaintheimpactofscarcityontheproduction,distribution,andconsumptionofgoodsand
servicesand
(C)explaintheconceptofafreemarketasitrelatestotheU.S.freeenterprisesystem.
(8)Economics.ThestudentunderstandshowbusinessesoperateintheU.S.freeenterprisesystem.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyexamplesofhowasimplebusinessoperates

(B)explainhowsupplyanddemandaffectthepriceofagoodorservice
(C)explainhowthecostofproductionandsellingpriceaffectprofits
(D)explainhowgovernmentregulationsandtaxesimpactconsumercostsand
(E)identifyindividuals,pastandpresent,includingHenryFordandotherentrepreneursinthe
communitysuchasMaryKayAsh,WallaceAmos,MiltonHershey,andSamWalton,whohave
startednewbusinesses.
(9)Government.Thestudentunderstandsthebasicstructureandfunctionsofvariouslevelsof
government.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethebasicstructureofgovernmentinthelocalcommunity,state,andnation
(B)identifylocal,state,andnationalgovernmentofficialsandexplainhowtheyarechosen
(C)identifyservicescommonlyprovidedbylocal,state,andnationalgovernmentsand
(D)explainhowlocal,state,andnationalgovernmentservicesarefinanced.
(10)Government.Thestudentunderstandsimportantideasinhistoricaldocumentsatvariouslevelsof
government.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythepurposesoftheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.Constitution,including
theBillofRightsand
(B)describeandexplaintheimportanceoftheconceptof"consentofthegoverned"asitrelates
tothefunctionsoflocal,state,andnationalgovernment.
(11)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandscharacteristicsofgoodcitizenshipasexemplifiedbyhistorical
andcontemporaryfigures.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifycharacteristicsofgoodcitizenship,includingtruthfulness,justice,equality,respect
foroneselfandothers,responsibilityindailylife,andparticipationingovernmentbyeducating
oneselfabouttheissues,respectfullyholdingpublicofficialstotheirword,andvoting
(B)identifyhistoricalfiguressuchasHelenKellerandClaraBartonandcontemporaryfigures
suchasRubyBridgesandmilitaryandfirstresponderswhoexemplifygoodcitizenshipand
(C)identifyandexplaintheimportanceofindividualactsofcivicresponsibility,including
obeyinglaws,servingthecommunity,servingonajury,andvoting.
(12)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandstheimpactofindividualandgroupdecisionsoncommunities
inaconstitutionalrepublic.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)giveexamplesofcommunitychangesthatresultfromindividualorgroupdecisions
(B)identifyexamplesofactionsindividualsandgroupscantaketoimprovethecommunityand
(C)identifyexamplesofnonprofitand/orcivicorganizationssuchastheRedCrossandexplain
howtheyservethecommongood.
(13)Culture.Thestudentunderstandsethnicand/orculturalcelebrationsofthelocalcommunityand
othercommunities.Thestudentisexpectedto:

(A)explainthesignificanceofvariousethnicand/orculturalcelebrationsinthelocalcommunity
andothercommunitiesand
(B)compareethnicand/orculturalcelebrationsinthelocalcommunitywithothercommunities.
(14)Culture.Thestudentunderstandstheroleofheroesinshapingthecultureofcommunities,thestate,
andthenation.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyandcomparetheheroicdeedsofstateandnationalheroes,includingHectorP.
GarciaandJamesA.Lovell,andotherindividualssuchasHarrietTubman,JulietteGordonLow,
ToddBeamer,EllenOchoa,John"Danny"Olivas,andothercontemporaryheroesand
(B)identifyandanalyzetheheroicdeedsofindividuals,includingmilitaryandfirstresponders
suchastheFourChaplains.
(15)Culture.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceofwritersandartiststotheculturalheritageof
communities.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyvariousindividualwritersandartistssuchasKadirNelson,TomiedePaola,and
PhillisWheatleyandtheirstories,poems,statues,andpaintingsandotherexamplesofcultural
heritagefromvariouscommunitiesand
(B)explainthesignificanceofvariousindividualwritersandartistssuchasCarmenLomas
Garza,LauraIngallsWilder,andBillMartinJr.andtheirstories,poems,statues,andpaintings
andotherexamplesofculturalheritagetovariouscommunities.
(16)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandshowindividualshavecreatedorinvented
newtechnologyandaffectedlifeinvariouscommunities,pastandpresent.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyscientistsandinventors,includingJonasSalk,MariaMitchell,andotherswhohave
discoveredscientificbreakthroughsorcreatedorinventednewtechnologysuchasCyrus
McCormick,BillGates,andLouisPasteurand
(B)identifytheimpactofscientificbreakthroughsandnewtechnologyincomputers,
pasteurization,andmedicalvaccinesonvariouscommunities.
(17)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)researchinformation,includinghistoricalandcurrentevents,andgeographicdata,aboutthe
communityandworld,usingavarietyofvalidprint,oral,visual,andInternetresources
(B)sequenceandcategorizeinformation
(C)interpretoral,visual,andprintmaterialbyidentifyingthemainidea,distinguishingbetween
factandopinion,identifyingcauseandeffect,andcomparingandcontrasting
(D)usevariouspartsofasource,includingthetableofcontents,glossary,andindexaswellas
keywordInternetsearches,tolocateinformation
(E)interpretandcreatevisuals,includinggraphs,charts,tables,timelines,illustrations,and
mapsand
(F)useappropriatemathematicalskillstointerpretsocialstudiesinformationsuchasmapsand
graphs.

(18)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinwritten,oral,andvisualforms.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)expressideasorallybasedonknowledgeandexperiences
(B)usetechnologytocreatewrittenandvisualmaterialsuchasstories,poems,pictures,maps,
andgraphicorganizerstoexpressideasand
(C)usestandardgrammar,spelling,sentencestructure,andpunctuation.
(19)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,identifyoptions,predictconsequences,andtakeactiontoimplementadecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.14adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
113.15.SocialStudies,Grade4,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InGrade4,studentsexaminethehistoryofTexasfromtheearlybeginningstothepresentwithinthe
contextofinfluencesofNorthAmerica.HistoricalcontentfocusesonTexashistory,includingtheTexas
Revolution,establishmentoftheRepublicofTexas,andsubsequentannexationtotheUnitedStates.
Studentsdiscussimportantissues,events,andindividualsofthe19th,20th,and21stcenturies.Students
conductathoroughstudyofregionsinTexasandNorthAmericaresultingfromhumanactivityandfrom
physicalfeatures.Thelocation,distribution,andpatternsofeconomicactivitiesandsettlementinTexas
furtherenhancetheconceptofregions.StudentsdescribehowearlyAmericanIndiansinTexasandNorth
Americamettheirbasiceconomicneeds.StudentsidentifymotivationsforEuropeanexplorationand
colonizationandreasonsfortheestablishmentofSpanishsettlementsandmissions.Studentsexplainhow
AmericanIndiansgovernedthemselvesandidentifycharacteristicsofSpanishcolonialandMexican
governmentsinTexas.StudentsreciteandexplainthemeaningofthePledgetotheTexasFlag.Students
identifythecontributionsofpeopleofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupstoTexasanddescribe
theimpactofscienceandtechnologyonlifeinthestate.Studentsusecriticalthinkingskillstoidentify
causeandeffectrelationships,compareandcontrast,andmakegeneralizationsandpredictions.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichprimaryand
secondarysourcematerialsuchasdocuments,biographies,novels,speeches,letters,poetry,songs,and
artworksisencouraged.Whereappropriate,localtopicsshouldbeincluded.Motivatingresourcesare
availablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidentiallibraries,andlocalandstatepreservationsocieties.
(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater
depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.

(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).
(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Stateandfederallawsmandateavarietyofcelebrationsandobservances,includingCelebrate
FreedomWeek.
(A)Eachsocialstudiesclassshallinclude,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekasprovidedunder
theTEC,29.907,orduringanotherfullschoolweekasdeterminedbytheboardoftrusteesofa
schooldistrict,appropriateinstructionconcerningtheintent,meaning,andimportanceofthe
DeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.Constitution,includingtheBillofRights,intheir
historicalcontexts.ThestudyoftheDeclarationofIndependencemustincludethestudyofthe
relationshipoftheideasexpressedinthatdocumenttosubsequentAmericanhistory,includingthe
relationshipofitsideastotherichdiversityofourpeopleasanationofimmigrants,theAmerican
Revolution,theformulationoftheU.S.Constitution,andtheabolitionistmovement,whichledto
theEmancipationProclamationandthewomen'ssuffragemovement.
(B)Eachschooldistrictshallrequirethat,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekorotherweekof
instructionprescribedundersubparagraph(A)ofthisparagraph,studentsinGrades312study
andrecitethefollowingtext:"WeholdtheseTruthstobeselfevident,thatallMenarecreated
equal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongthese
areLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappinessThattosecuretheseRights,Governmentsare
institutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned."
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.Thestudentunderstandstheorigins,similarities,anddifferencesofAmericanIndiangroups
inTexasandNorthAmericabeforeEuropeanexploration.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthepossibleoriginsofAmericanIndiangroupsinTexasandNorthAmerica
(B)identifyAmericanIndiangroupsinTexasandNorthAmericabeforeEuropeanexploration
suchastheLipanApache,Karankawa,Caddo,andJumano
(C)describetheregionsinwhichAmericanIndianslivedandidentifyAmericanIndiangroups
remaininginTexassuchastheYsletaDelSurPueblo,AlabamaCoushatta,andKickapooand
(D)comparethewaysoflifeofAmericanIndiangroupsinTexasandNorthAmericabefore
Europeanexploration.
(2)History.ThestudentunderstandsthecausesandeffectsofEuropeanexplorationandcolonizationof
TexasandNorthAmerica.Thestudentisexpectedto:

(A)summarizemotivationsforEuropeanexplorationandsettlementofTexas,including
economicopportunity,competition,andthedesireforexpansion
(B)identifytheaccomplishmentsandexplaintheimpactofsignificantexplorers,including
CabezadeVacaFranciscoCoronadoandRenRobertCavelier,SieurdelaSalle,onthe
settlementofTexas
(C)explainwhen,where,andwhytheSpanishestablishedsettlementsandCatholicmissionsin
TexasaswellasimportantindividualssuchasJosdeEscandn
(D)identifyTexas'roleintheMexicanWarofIndependenceandthewar'simpactonthe
developmentofTexasand
(E)identifytheaccomplishmentsandexplaintheeconomicmotivationsandimpactofsignificant
empresarios,includingStephenF.AustinandMartndeLen,onthesettlementofTexas.
(3)History.ThestudentunderstandstheimportanceoftheTexasRevolution,theRepublicofTexas,and
theannexationofTexastotheUnitedStates.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)analyzethecauses,majorevents,andeffectsoftheTexasRevolution,includingtheBattleof
theAlamo,theTexasDeclarationofIndependence,theRunawayScrape,andtheBattleofSan
Jacinto
(B)summarizethesignificantcontributionsofindividualssuchasTexiansWilliamB.Travis,
JamesBowie,DavidCrockett,GeorgeChildress,andSidneyShermanTejanosJuanAntonio
Padilla,CarlosEspalier,JuanN.Segun,PlcidoBenavides,andJosFranciscoRuizMexicans
AntonioLpezdeSantaAnnaandVicenteFilisolaandnoncombatantsSusannaDickinsonand
EnriqueEsparza
(C)identifyleadersimportanttothefoundingofTexasasarepublicandstate,includingJos
AntonioNavarro,SamHouston,MirabeauLamar,andAnsonJones
(D)describethesuccesses,problems,andorganizationsoftheRepublicofTexassuchasthe
establishmentofaconstitution,economicstruggles,relationswithAmericanIndians,andthe
TexasRangersand
(E)explaintheeventsthatledtotheannexationofTexastotheUnitedStates,includingthe
impactoftheU.S.MexicanWar.
(4)History.Thestudentunderstandsthepolitical,economic,andsocialchangesinTexasduringthelast
halfofthe19thcentury.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describetheimpactoftheCivilWarandReconstructiononTexas
(B)explainthegrowth,development,andimpactofthecattleindustry,includingcontributions
madebyCharlesGoodnight,RichardKing,andLizzieJohnson
(C)identifytheimpactofrailroadsonlifeinTexas,includingchangestocitiesandmajor
industriesand
(D)examinetheeffectsuponAmericanIndianliferesultingfromchangesinTexas,includingthe
RedRiverWar,buildingofU.S.fortsandrailroads,andlossofbuffalo.
(5)History.Thestudentunderstandsimportantissues,events,andindividualsofthe20thcenturyin
Texas.Thestudentisexpectedto:

(A)identifytheimpactofvariousissuesandeventsonlifeinTexassuchasurbanization,
increaseduseofoilandgas,theGreatDepression,theDustBowl,andWorldWarII
(B)explainthedevelopmentandimpactoftheoilandgasindustryuponindustrializationand
urbanizationinTexas,includingimportantplacesandpeoplesuchasSpindletopandPattillo
Higginsand
(C)identifytheaccomplishmentsofnotableindividualssuchasJohnTower,ScottJoplin,Audie
Murphy,CletoRodrguez,StanleyMarcus,BessieColeman,RaulA.GonzalezJr.,andotherlocal
notableindividuals.
(6)Geography.Thestudentusesgeographictoolstocollect,analyze,andinterpretdata.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)applygeographictools,includinggridsystems,legends,symbols,scales,andcompassroses,
toconstructandinterpretmapsand
(B)translategeographicdata,populationdistribution,andnaturalresourcesintoavarietyof
formatssuchasgraphsandmaps.
(7)Geography.Thestudentunderstandstheconceptofregions.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describeavarietyofregionsinTexasandtheUnitedStatessuchaspolitical,population,and
economicregionsthatresultfrompatternsofhumanactivity
(B)identify,locate,andcomparethegeographicregionsofTexas(MountainsandBasins,Great
Plains,NorthCentralPlains,CoastalPlains),includingtheirlandforms,climate,andvegetation
and
(C)comparethegeographicregionsofTexas(MountainsandBasins,GreatPlains,NorthCentral
Plains,CoastalPlains)withregionsoftheUnitedStatesandotherpartsoftheworld.
(8)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsthelocationandpatternsofsettlementandthegeographic
factorsthatinfluencewherepeoplelive.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyandexplainclustersandpatternsofsettlementinTexasatdifferenttimeperiodssuch
aspriortotheTexasRevolution,afterthebuildingoftherailroads,andfollowingWorldWarII
(B)describeandexplainthelocationanddistributionofvarioustownsandcitiesinTexas,past
andpresentand
(C)explainthegeographicfactorssuchaslandformsandclimatethatinfluencepatternsof
settlementandthedistributionofpopulationinTexas,pastandpresent.
(9)Geography.Thestudentunderstandshowpeopleadapttoandmodifytheirenvironment.Thestudent
isexpectedto:
(A)describewayspeoplehaveadaptedtoandmodifiedtheirenvironmentinTexas,pastand
present,suchastimberclearing,agriculturalproduction,wetlandsdrainage,energyproduction,
andconstructionofdams
(B)identifyreasonswhypeoplehaveadaptedtoandmodifiedtheirenvironmentinTexas,past
andpresent,suchastheuseofnaturalresourcestomeetbasicneeds,facilitatetransportation,and
enhancerecreationalactivitiesand

(C)comparethepositiveandnegativeconsequencesofhumanmodificationoftheenvironment
inTexas,pastandpresent,bothgovernmentalandprivate,suchaseconomicdevelopmentandthe
impactonhabitatsandwildlifeaswellasairandwaterquality.
(10)Economics.ThestudentunderstandsthebasiceconomicactivitiesofearlysocietiesinTexasand
NorthAmerica.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explaintheeconomicactivitiesvariousearlyAmericanIndiangroupsinTexasandNorth
Americausedtomeettheirneedsandwantssuchasfarming,trading,andhuntingand
(B)explaintheeconomicactivitiesearlyimmigrantstoTexasusedtomeettheirneedsandwants.
(11)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthecharacteristicsandbenefitsofthefreeenterprisesystemin
Texas.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethedevelopmentofthefreeenterprisesysteminTexas
(B)describehowthefreeenterprisesystemworks,includingsupplyanddemandand
(C)giveexamplesofthebenefitsofthefreeenterprisesystemsuchaschoiceandopportunity.
(12)Economics.ThestudentunderstandspatternsofworkandeconomicactivitiesinTexas.Thestudent
isexpectedto:
(A)explainhowpeopleindifferentregionsofTexasearntheirliving,pastandpresent,througha
subsistenceeconomyandprovidinggoodsandservices
(B)explainhowgeographicfactorssuchasclimate,transportation,andnaturalresourceshave
influencedthelocationofeconomicactivitiesinTexas
(C)analyzetheeffectsofexploration,immigration,migration,andlimitedresourcesonthe
economicdevelopmentandgrowthofTexas
(D)describetheimpactofmassproduction,specialization,anddivisionoflaborontheeconomic
growthofTexas
(E)explainhowdevelopmentsintransportationandcommunicationhaveinfluencedeconomic
activitiesinTexasand
(F)explaintheimpactofAmericanideasaboutprogressandequalityofopportunityonthe
economicdevelopmentandgrowthofTexas.
(13)Economics.ThestudentunderstandshowTexas,theUnitedStates,andotherpartsoftheworldare
economicallyinterdependent.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifywaysinwhichtechnologicalchangesinareassuchastransportationand
communicationhaveresultedinincreasedinterdependenceamongTexas,theUnitedStates,and
theworld
(B)identifyoilandgas,agricultural,andtechnologicalproductsofTexasthatarepurchasedto
meetneedsintheUnitedStatesandaroundtheworldand
(C)explainhowTexansmeetsomeoftheirneedsthroughthepurchaseofproductsfromthe
UnitedStatesandtherestoftheworld.

(14)Government.Thestudentunderstandshowpeopleorganizedgovernmentsindifferentwaysduring
theearlydevelopmentofTexas.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)comparehowvariousAmericanIndiangroupssuchastheCaddoandtheComanche
governedthemselvesand
(B)identifyandcomparecharacteristicsoftheSpanishcolonialgovernmentandtheearly
MexicangovernmentsandtheirinfluenceoninhabitantsofTexas.
(15)Government.ThestudentunderstandsimportantideasinhistoricaldocumentsofTexasandthe
UnitedStates.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythepurposesandexplaintheimportanceoftheTexasDeclarationofIndependence,
theTexasConstitution,andotherdocumentssuchastheMeusebachComancheTreaty
(B)identifyandexplainthebasicfunctionsofthethreebranchesofgovernmentaccordingtothe
TexasConstitutionand
(C)identifytheintent,meaning,andimportanceoftheDeclarationofIndependence,theU.S.
Constitution,andtheBillofRights(CelebrateFreedomWeek).
(16)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandsimportantcustoms,symbols,andcelebrationsofTexas.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthemeaningofvariouspatrioticsymbolsandlandmarksofTexas,includingthesix
flagsthatflewoverTexas,theSanJacintoMonument,theAlamo,andvariousmissions
(B)singorrecite"Texas,OurTexas"
(C)reciteandexplainthemeaningofthePledgetotheTexasFlagand
(D)describetheoriginsandsignificanceofstatecelebrationssuchasTexasIndependenceDay
andJuneteenth.
(17)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceofactiveindividualparticipationinthe
democraticprocess.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyimportantindividualswhohaveparticipatedvoluntarilyincivicaffairsatstateand
locallevelssuchasAdinadeZavalaandClaraDriscoll
(B)explainhowindividualscanparticipatevoluntarilyincivicaffairsatstateandlocallevels
throughactivitiessuchasholdingpublicofficialstotheirword,writingletters,andparticipating
inhistoricpreservationandserviceprojects
(C)explainthedutyoftheindividualinstateandlocalelectionssuchasbeinginformedand
voting
(D)identifytheimportanceofhistoricalfiguresandimportantindividualswhomodeledactive
participationinthedemocraticprocesssuchasSamHouston,BarbaraJordan,LorenzodeZavala,
AnnRichards,SamRayburn,HenryB.Gonzlez,JamesA.BakerIII,WallaceJefferson,and
otherlocalindividualsand
(E)explainhowtocontactelectedandappointedleadersinstateandlocalgovernments.
(18)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceofeffectiveleadershipinaconstitutional
republic.Thestudentisexpectedto:

(A)identifyleadersinstate,local,andnationalgovernments,includingthegovernor,local
membersoftheTexasLegislature,thelocalmayor,U.S.senators,localU.S.representatives,and
TexanswhohavebeenpresidentoftheUnitedStatesand
(B)identifyleadershipqualitiesofstateandlocalleaders,pastandpresent.
(19)Culture.Thestudentunderstandsthecontributionsofpeopleofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligious
groupstoTexas.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythesimilaritiesanddifferencesamongvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupsin
Texas
(B)identifycustoms,celebrations,andtraditionsofvariouscultural,regional,andlocalgroupsin
TexassuchasCincodeMayo,Oktoberfest,theStrawberryFestival,andFiestaSanAntonioand
(C)summarizethecontributionsofpeopleofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupsinthe
developmentofTexassuchasLydiaMendoza,CheloSilva,andJuliusLorenzoCobbBledsoe.
(20)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandstheimpactofscienceandtechnologyon
lifeinTexas.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyfamousinventorsandscientistssuchasGailBorden,JosephGlidden,Michael
DeBakey,andMillieHughesFulfordandtheircontributions
(B)describehowscientificdiscoveriesandinnovationssuchasinaerospace,agriculture,energy,
andtechnologyhavebenefitedindividuals,businesses,andsocietyinTexasand
(C)predicthowfuturescientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicalinnovationsmightaffectlifein
Texas.
(21)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)differentiatebetween,locate,andusevalidprimaryandsecondarysourcessuchascomputer
softwareinterviewsbiographiesoral,print,andvisualmaterialdocumentsandartifactsto
acquireinformationabouttheUnitedStatesandTexas
(B)analyzeinformationbysequencing,categorizing,identifyingcauseandeffectrelationships,
comparing,contrasting,findingthemainidea,summarizing,makinggeneralizationsand
predictions,anddrawinginferencesandconclusions
(C)organizeandinterpretinformationinoutlines,reports,databases,andvisuals,including
graphs,charts,timelines,andmaps
(D)identifydifferentpointsofviewaboutanissue,topic,historicalevent,orcurrenteventand
(E)useappropriatemathematicalskillstointerpretsocialstudiesinformationsuchasmapsand
graphs.
(22)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinwritten,oral,andvisualforms.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)usesocialstudiesterminologycorrectly
(B)incorporatemainandsupportingideasinverbalandwrittencommunication

(C)expressideasorallybasedonresearchandexperiences
(D)createwrittenandvisualmaterialsuchasjournalentries,reports,graphicorganizers,
outlines,andbibliographiesand
(E)usestandardgrammar,spelling,sentencestructure,andpunctuation.
(23)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,identifyoptions,predictconsequences,andtakeactiontoimplementadecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.15adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
113.16.SocialStudies,Grade5,BeginningwithSchoolYear20112012.
(a)Introduction.
(1)InGrade5,studentssurveythehistoryoftheUnitedStatesfrom1565tothepresent.Historical
contentincludesthecolonialperiod,theAmericanRevolution,theestablishmentoftheU.S.Constitution
andAmericanidentity,westwardexpansion,theCivilWarandReconstruction,immigrationand
industrialization,andthe20thand21stcenturies.StudentsstudyavarietyofregionsintheUnitedStates
thatresultfromphysicalfeaturesandhumanactivityandidentifyhowpeopleadapttoandmodifythe
environment.Studentsexplainthecharacteristicsandbenefitsofthefreeenterprisesystemanddescribe
economicactivitiesintheUnitedStates.Studentsidentifytherootsofrepresentativegovernmentinthis
nationaswellastheimportantideasintheDeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.Constitution.
StudentsstudythefundamentalrightsguaranteedintheBillofRights.Studentsexaminetheimportance
ofeffectiveleadershipinaconstitutionalrepublicandidentifyimportantleadersinthenational
government.StudentsreciteandexplainthemeaningofthePledgeofAllegiancetotheUnitedStates
Flag.Studentsdescribetheculturalimpactofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupsinthenationand
identifytheaccomplishmentsofnotableindividualsinthefieldsofscienceandtechnology.Students
explainsymbols,traditions,andlandmarksthatrepresentAmericanbeliefsandprinciples.Studentsuse
criticalthinkingskillstosequence,categorize,andsummarizeinformationandtodrawinferencesand
conclusions.
(2)Tosupporttheteachingoftheessentialknowledgeandskills,theuseofavarietyofrichprimaryand
secondarysourcematerialsuchasdocuments,biographies,novels,speeches,letters,poetry,songs,and
artworksisencouraged.Motivatingresourcesareavailablefrommuseums,historicalsites,presidential
libraries,andlocalandstatepreservationsocieties.
(3)Theeightstrandsoftheessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudiesareintendedtobeintegrated
forinstructionalpurposes.Skillslistedinthesocialstudiesskillsstrandinsubsection(b)ofthissection
shouldbeincorporatedintotheteachingofallessentialknowledgeandskillsforsocialstudies.Agreater
depthofunderstandingofcomplexcontentmaterialcanbeattainedwhenintegratedsocialstudies
contentfromthevariousdisciplinesandcriticalthinkingskillsaretaughttogether.Statementsthat
containtheword"including"referencecontentthatmustbemastered,whilethosecontainingthephrase
"suchas"areintendedaspossibleillustrativeexamples.

(4)StudentsidentifytheroleoftheU.S.freeenterprisesystemwithintheparametersofthiscourseand
understandthatthissystemmayalsobereferencedascapitalismorthefreemarketsystem.
(5)ThroughoutsocialstudiesinKindergartenGrade12,studentsbuildafoundationinhistory
geographyeconomicsgovernmentcitizenshipculturescience,technology,andsocietyandsocial
studiesskills.Thecontent,asappropriateforthegradelevelorcourse,enablesstudentstounderstandthe
importanceofpatriotism,functioninafreeenterprisesociety,andappreciatethebasicdemocraticvalues
ofourstateandnationasreferencedintheTexasEducationCode(TEC),28.002(h).
(6)Studentsunderstandthataconstitutionalrepublicisarepresentativeformofgovernmentwhose
representativesderivetheirauthorityfromtheconsentofthegoverned,serveforanestablishedtenure,
andaresworntoupholdtheconstitution.
(7)Stateandfederallawsmandateavarietyofcelebrationsandobservances,includingCelebrate
FreedomWeek.
(A)Eachsocialstudiesclassshallinclude,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekasprovidedunder
theTEC,29.907,orduringanotherfullschoolweekasdeterminedbytheboardoftrusteesofa
schooldistrict,appropriateinstructionconcerningtheintent,meaning,andimportanceofthe
DeclarationofIndependenceandtheU.S.Constitution,includingtheBillofRights,intheir
historicalcontexts.ThestudyoftheDeclarationofIndependencemustincludethestudyofthe
relationshipoftheideasexpressedinthatdocumenttosubsequentAmericanhistory,includingthe
relationshipofitsideastotherichdiversityofourpeopleasanationofimmigrants,theAmerican
Revolution,theformulationoftheU.S.Constitution,andtheabolitionistmovement,whichledto
theEmancipationProclamationandthewomen'ssuffragemovement.
(B)Eachschooldistrictshallrequirethat,duringCelebrateFreedomWeekorotherweekof
instructionprescribedundersubparagraph(A)ofthisparagraph,studentsinGrades312study
andrecitethefollowingtext:"WeholdtheseTruthstobeselfevident,thatallMenarecreated
equal,thattheyareendowedbytheirCreatorwithcertainunalienableRights,thatamongthese
areLife,LibertyandthePursuitofHappinessThattosecuretheseRights,Governmentsare
institutedamongMen,derivingtheirjustPowersfromtheConsentoftheGoverned."
(8)StudentsidentifyanddiscusshowtheactionsofU.S.citizensandthelocal,state,andfederal
governmentshaveeithermetorfailedtomeettheidealsespousedinthefoundingdocuments.
(b)Knowledgeandskills.
(1)History.ThestudentunderstandsthecausesandeffectsofEuropeancolonizationintheUnitedStates
beginningin1565,thefoundingofSt.Augustine.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainwhen,where,andwhygroupsofpeopleexplored,colonized,andsettledinthe
UnitedStates,includingthesearchforreligiousfreedomandeconomicgainand
(B)describetheaccomplishmentsofsignificantindividualsduringthecolonialperiod,including
WilliamBradford,AnneHutchinson,WilliamPenn,JohnSmith,JohnWise,andRogerWilliams.
(2)History.ThestudentunderstandshowconflictbetweentheAmericancoloniesandGreatBritainled
toAmericanindependence.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyandanalyzethecausesandeffectsofeventspriortoandduringtheAmerican
Revolution,includingtheFrenchandIndianWarandtheBostonTeaParty
(B)identifytheFoundingFathersandPatriotheroes,includingJohnAdams,SamuelAdams,
BenjaminFranklin,NathanHale,ThomasJefferson,theSonsofLiberty,andGeorgeWashington,

andtheirmotivationsandcontributionsduringtherevolutionaryperiodand
(C)summarizetheresultsoftheAmericanRevolution,includingtheestablishmentoftheUnited
StatesandthedevelopmentoftheU.S.military.
(3)History.ThestudentunderstandstheeventsthatledfromtheArticlesofConfederationtothe
creationoftheU.S.Constitutionandthegovernmentitestablished.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifytheissuesthatledtothecreationoftheU.S.Constitution,includingtheweaknesses
oftheArticlesofConfederationand
(B)identifythecontributionsofindividuals,includingJamesMadison,andotherssuchas
GeorgeMason,CharlesPinckney,andRogerShermanwhohelpedcreatetheU.S.Constitution.
(4)History.Thestudentunderstandspolitical,economic,andsocialchangesthatoccurredintheUnited
Statesduringthe19thcentury.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethecausesandeffectsoftheWarof1812
(B)identifyandexplainhowchangesresultingfromtheIndustrialRevolutionledtoconflict
amongsectionsoftheUnitedStates
(C)identifyreasonspeoplemovedwest
(D)identifysignificanteventsandconceptsassociatedwithU.S.territorialexpansion,including
theLouisianaPurchase,theexpeditionofLewisandClark,andManifestDestiny
(E)identifythecausesoftheCivilWar,includingsectionalism,states'rights,andslavery,andthe
effectsoftheCivilWar,includingReconstructionandthe13th,14th,and15thamendmentstothe
U.S.Constitution
(F)explainhowindustryandthemechanizationofagriculturechangedtheAmericanwayoflife
and
(G)identifythechallenges,opportunities,andcontributionsofpeoplefromvariousAmerican
Indianandimmigrantgroups.
(5)History.Thestudentunderstandsimportantissues,events,andindividualsintheUnitedStatesduring
the20thand21stcenturies.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)analyzevariousissuesandeventsofthe20thcenturysuchasindustrialization,urbanization,
increaseduseofoilandgas,theGreatDepression,theworldwars,thecivilrightsmovement,and
militaryactions
(B)analyzevariousissuesandeventsofthe21stcenturysuchastheWaronTerrorandthe2008
presidentialelectionand
(C)identifytheaccomplishmentsofindividualsandgroupssuchasJaneAddams,SusanB.
Anthony,DwightEisenhower,MartinLutherKingJr.,RosaParks,CesarChavez,FranklinD.
Roosevelt,RonaldReagan,ColinPowell,theTuskegeeAirmen,andthe442ndRegimental
CombatTeamwhohavemadecontributionstosocietyintheareasofcivilrights,women'srights,
militaryactions,andpolitics.
(6)Geography.Thestudentusesgeographictoolstocollect,analyze,andinterpretdata.Thestudentis
expectedto:

(A)applygeographictools,includinggridsystems,legends,symbols,scales,andcompassroses,
toconstructandinterpretmapsand
(B)translategeographicdataintoavarietyofformatssuchasrawdatatographsandmaps.
(7)Geography.ThestudentunderstandstheconceptofregionsintheUnitedStates.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)describeavarietyofregionsintheUnitedStatessuchaspolitical,population,andeconomic
regionsthatresultfrompatternsofhumanactivity
(B)describeavarietyofregionsintheUnitedStatessuchaslandform,climate,andvegetation
regionsthatresultfromphysicalcharacteristicssuchastheGreatPlains,RockyMountains,and
CoastalPlains
(C)locateonamapimportantpoliticalfeaturessuchasthetenlargesturbanareasintheUnited
States,the50statesandtheircapitals,andregionssuchastheNortheast,theMidwest,andthe
Southwestand
(D)locateonamapimportantphysicalfeaturessuchastheRockyMountains,MississippiRiver,
andGreatPlains.
(8)Geography.Thestudentunderstandsthelocationandpatternsofsettlementandthegeographic
factorsthatinfluencewherepeoplelive.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyanddescribethetypesofsettlementandpatternsoflanduseintheUnitedStates
(B)explainthegeographicfactorsthatinfluencepatternsofsettlementandthedistributionof
populationintheUnitedStates,pastandpresentand
(C)analyzethereasonsforthelocationofcitiesintheUnitedStates,includingcapitalcities,and
explaintheirdistribution,pastandpresent.
(9)Geography.Thestudentunderstandshowpeopleadapttoandmodifytheirenvironment.Thestudent
isexpectedto:
(A)describehowandwhypeoplehaveadaptedtoandmodifiedtheirenvironmentintheUnited
States,pastandpresent,suchastheuseofhumanresourcestomeetbasicneedsand
(B)analyzethepositiveandnegativeconsequencesofhumanmodificationoftheenvironmentin
theUnitedStates,pastandpresent.
(10)Economics.ThestudentunderstandsthebasiceconomicpatternsofearlysocietiesintheUnited
States.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explaintheeconomicpatternsofearlyEuropeancolonistsand
(B)identifymajorindustriesofcolonialAmerica.
(11)Economics.Thestudentunderstandsthedevelopment,characteristics,andbenefitsofthefree
enterprisesystemintheUnitedStates.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethedevelopmentofthefreeenterprisesystemincolonialAmericaandtheUnited
States
(B)describehowthefreeenterprisesystemworksintheUnitedStatesand

(C)giveexamplesofthebenefitsofthefreeenterprisesystemintheUnitedStates.
(12)Economics.Thestudentunderstandstheimpactofsupplyanddemandonconsumersandproducers
inafreeenterprisesystem.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainhowsupplyanddemandaffectsconsumersintheUnitedStatesand
(B)evaluatetheeffectsofsupplyanddemandonbusiness,industry,andagriculture,including
theplantationsystem,intheUnitedStates.
(13)Economics.ThestudentunderstandspatternsofworkandeconomicactivitiesintheUnitedStates.
Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)comparehowpeopleindifferentpartsoftheUnitedStatesearnaliving,pastandpresent
(B)identifyandexplainhowgeographicfactorshaveinfluencedthelocationofeconomic
activitiesintheUnitedStates
(C)analyzetheeffectsofimmigration,migration,andlimitedresourcesontheeconomic
developmentandgrowthoftheUnitedStates
(D)describetheimpactofmassproduction,specialization,anddivisionoflaborontheeconomic
growthoftheUnitedStatesand
(E)explaintheimpactofAmericanideasaboutprogressandequalityofopportunityonthe
economicdevelopmentandgrowthoftheUnitedStates.
(14)Government.ThestudentunderstandstheorganizationofgovernmentsincolonialAmerica.The
studentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyandcomparethesystemsofgovernmentofearlyEuropeancolonists,including
representativegovernmentandmonarchyand
(B)identifyexamplesofrepresentativegovernmentintheAmericancolonies,includingthe
MayflowerCompactandtheVirginiaHouseofBurgesses.
(15)Government.ThestudentunderstandsimportantideasintheDeclarationofIndependence,theU.S.
Constitution,andtheBillofRights.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythekeyelementsandthepurposesandexplaintheimportanceoftheDeclarationof
Independence
(B)explainthepurposesoftheU.S.ConstitutionasidentifiedinthePreambleand
(C)explainthereasonsforthecreationoftheBillofRightsanditsimportance.
(16)Government.ThestudentunderstandstheframeworkofgovernmentcreatedbytheU.S.
Constitutionof1787.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifyandexplainthebasicfunctionsofthethreebranchesofgovernment
(B)identifythereasonsforanddescribethesystemofchecksandbalancesoutlinedintheU.S.
Constitutionand
(C)distinguishbetweennationalandstategovernmentsandcomparetheirresponsibilitiesinthe
U.S.federalsystem.

(17)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandsimportantsymbols,customs,celebrations,andlandmarksthat
representAmericanbeliefsandprinciplesandcontributetoournationalidentity.Thestudentisexpected
to:
(A)explainvariouspatrioticsymbols,includingUncleSam,andpoliticalsymbolssuchasthe
donkeyandelephant
(B)singorrecite"TheStarSpangledBanner"andexplainitshistory
(C)reciteandexplainthemeaningofthePledgeofAllegiancetotheUnitedStatesFlag
(D)describetheoriginsandsignificanceofnationalcelebrationssuchasMemorialDay,
IndependenceDay,LaborDay,ConstitutionDay,ColumbusDay,andVeteransDayand
(E)explainthesignificanceofimportantlandmarks,includingtheWhiteHouse,theStatueof
Liberty,andMountRushmore.
(18)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceofindividualparticipationinthedemocratic
processatthelocal,state,andnationallevels.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthedutyindividualshavetoparticipateincivicaffairsatthelocal,state,andnational
levelsand
(B)explainhowtocontactelectedandappointedleadersinlocal,state,andnational
governments.
(19)Citizenship.Thestudentunderstandstheimportanceofeffectiveleadershipinaconstitutional
republic.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)explainthecontributionsoftheFoundingFatherstothedevelopmentofthenational
government
(B)identifypastandpresentleadersinthenationalgovernment,includingthepresidentand
variousmembersofCongress,andtheirpoliticalpartiesand
(C)identifyandcompareleadershipqualitiesofnationalleaders,pastandpresent.
(20)Citizenship.ThestudentunderstandsthefundamentalrightsofAmericancitizensguaranteedinthe
BillofRightsandotheramendmentstotheU.S.Constitution.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)describethefundamentalrightsguaranteedbyeachamendmentintheBillofRights,
includingfreedomofreligion,speech,andpresstherighttoassembleandpetitionthe
governmenttherighttokeepandbeararmstherighttotrialbyjuryandtherighttoanattorney
and
(B)describevariousamendmentstotheU.S.Constitutionsuchasthosethatextendedvoting
rightsofU.S.citizens.
(21)Culture.Thestudentunderstandstherelationshipbetweentheartsandthetimesduringwhichthey
werecreated.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifysignificantexamplesofart,music,andliteraturefromvariousperiodsinU.S.history
suchasthepaintingAmericanProgress,"YankeeDoodle,"and"PaulRevere'sRide"and
(B)explainhowexamplesofart,music,andliteraturereflectthetimesduringwhichtheywere
created.

(22)Culture.Thestudentunderstandsthecontributionsofpeopleofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligious
groupstotheUnitedStates.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifythesimilaritiesanddifferenceswithinandamongvariousracial,ethnic,andreligious
groupsintheUnitedStates
(B)describecustomsandtraditionsofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupsintheUnited
Statesand
(C)summarizethecontributionsofpeopleofvariousracial,ethnic,andreligiousgroupstoour
nationalidentity.
(23)Science,technology,andsociety.Thestudentunderstandstheimpactofscienceandtechnologyon
societyintheUnitedStates.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)identifytheaccomplishmentsofnotableindividualsinthefieldsofscienceandtechnology,
includingBenjaminFranklin,EliWhitney,JohnDeere,ThomasEdison,AlexanderGrahamBell,
GeorgeWashingtonCarver,theWrightBrothers,andNeilArmstrong
(B)identifyhowscientificdiscoveries,technologicalinnovations,andtherapidgrowthof
technologyindustrieshaveadvancedtheeconomicdevelopmentoftheUnitedStates,including
thetranscontinentalrailroadandthespaceprogram
(C)explainhowscientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicalinnovationsinthefieldsofmedicine,
communication,andtransportationhavebenefitedindividualsandsocietyintheUnitedStates
and
(D)predicthowfuturescientificdiscoveriesandtechnologicalinnovationscouldaffectsocietyin
theUnitedStates.
(24)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentappliescriticalthinkingskillstoorganizeanduseinformation
acquiredfromavarietyofvalidsources,includingelectronictechnology.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)differentiatebetween,locate,andusevalidprimaryandsecondarysourcessuchascomputer
softwareinterviewsbiographiesoral,print,andvisualmaterialdocumentsandartifactsto
acquireinformationabouttheUnitedStates
(B)analyzeinformationbysequencing,categorizing,identifyingcauseandeffectrelationships,
comparing,contrasting,findingthemainidea,summarizing,makinggeneralizationsand
predictions,anddrawinginferencesandconclusions
(C)organizeandinterpretinformationinoutlines,reports,databases,andvisuals,including
graphs,charts,timelines,andmaps
(D)identifydifferentpointsofviewaboutanissue,topic,orcurrenteventand
(E)identifythehistoricalcontextofanevent.
(25)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentcommunicatesinwritten,oral,andvisualforms.Thestudentis
expectedto:
(A)usesocialstudiesterminologycorrectly
(B)incorporatemainandsupportingideasinverbalandwrittencommunication
(C)expressideasorallybasedonresearchandexperiences

(D)createwrittenandvisualmaterialsuchasjournalentries,reports,graphicorganizers,
outlines,andbibliographiesand
(E)usestandardgrammar,spelling,sentencestructure,andpunctuation.
(26)Socialstudiesskills.Thestudentusesproblemsolvinganddecisionmakingskills,working
independentlyandwithothers,inavarietyofsettings.Thestudentisexpectedto:
(A)useaproblemsolvingprocesstoidentifyaproblem,gatherinformation,listandconsider
options,consideradvantagesanddisadvantages,chooseandimplementasolution,andevaluate
theeffectivenessofthesolutionand
(B)useadecisionmakingprocesstoidentifyasituationthatrequiresadecision,gather
information,identifyoptions,predictconsequences,andtakeactiontoimplementadecision.
Source:Theprovisionsofthis113.16adoptedtobeeffectiveAugust23,2010,35TexReg7232.
Foradditionalinformation,emailrules@tea.state.tx.us.