Department of Mechanical Engineering

I.I.T. Kanpur
EXPERIMENT NO.4
Cup Drawing through Hydraulic Press

OBJECTIVE
To draw a cup by cup drawing process and measure the drawing force and strain.

EXPERIMENT
To correlate the initial and final dimension of the job and to estimate the drawing forces
on draw a cup.
Drawing forces are measured using an IPA Load cell FC-074HO, capacity 70K kg; gauge 350
OHMS, for the measurement of drawing forces. Die steel tool (Die & punch) and cold rolled
steel work piece (1.0, 0.75, 0.6 mm) are used for the experiments.

BACKGROUND
In deep drawing, a cup shaped product is obtained from sheet metal with the help of a punch
and a die. The sheet metal is held over the die by means of a blank holder to avoid defects in the
product.

Fig (1): Deep Drawing

In this process various types of forces operates simultaneously. The annular portion of the sheet
metal work piece between the blank holder and the die is subjected to a pure radial drawing,
whereas the portion of the workpiece around the corners of the punch and die are subjected to a

bending operation. Further the portion of the job between the punch and the die walls undergoes
a longitudinal drawing.
The major objective of our analysis is
(i)
to correlate the initial and final dimension of the job and
(ii)
to estimate the drawing force F.
And compare these results with the experimental result.

Fig (2): Deep Drawing operation

D
= Draw Ratio
d
2 2
D d dh
4
4
D d 2 4dh
Dmax
d
Die corner radius (rd) = 10t
Punch corner radius (rcp) = 6t
Clearance = (1.2 to 1.4) t
Blank holding pressure = 2% of yield strength.
Limiting draw ratio=

There will be three loads acting during deep drawing operation i.e. the Flange, bending and
pulling over die curvature. Total load will be addition of these three loads.
Assuming that r and are the principle stresses and is compressive so
d r r

0
dr
r

Mean flow stress =

r
K
2

d r
2K

dr
r

By integrating
2 K
d r r dr

r 2 K ln r c1
Boundary condition at r=R, r

(1)

PH
Rt

PH = Holding pressure
Substituting boundary condition in equation (1)

PH
R

Rt
r

r 2 K ln

Fig. (4):

(2)

Up to section (1) as shown in Fig. (4)

r rp t rd Rd

Drawing pressure up to (1) flange

R
PH

Rot
Rd

r 2 K ln

Punch Pressure required bending the sheet

Maximum strain

rd t

t
rd
2

rd
2

t
rd rn = radius of neutral plane
2

Maximum strain =

Average strain

t
2rn

t
2rn
t

2
4rn

Pressure required for bending =

t
0
4rn

Total pressure required by the punch up to bending of sheet

R
t
PH
2 K ln 0
(3)
Rot
4rn
Rd
Since sheet metal is pulled over the die curvature and if the angle of contact between sheet and
die is , total pressure required by the punch to draw the cup is

PH
R
t
2 K ln 0 e
4rn
Rd
Rot

(4)

Punch Load F= w 2 rpt

(5)

Where, y = Yield stress

o = y
2K = y
Where, K = Yield shear, = Friction co-efficient, PH = Blank holding pressure,
rp= inner diameter of cup

PROCEDURE
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Set-up the experiment and let the instruments warm up for 15 minutes.
Measure drawing force on different sheet thickness.
Measure blank holding pressure.
Mark grid by stencil and permanent marker.
Evaluate the strain.

RESULTS
1. Evaluate the theoretical and experimental values of the drawing force.
2.
Evaluate the strain.
3. Tabulate the results as shown below.
Tool material: EN-31
Work material: Cold Rolled Sheet (0.02 C)
Shear strength: 400 N/mm2

S.
No.

Blank holding
pressure

Blank dia.(D).: ..
Cup dia. (d): .
Sheet thickness: (t1).
Sheet thickness: (t2).
Sheet thickness: (t3).

Drawing Force
Theo.

Expt.

Measure the thickness ratio

Initial
thickness

REPORT
1. Present calculations for one set of reading and provide the tabulated results.

2. Plot the variation in experimental and theoretical drawing force.

3. How the calibration of load cell is carried out.
4. Sketch the load cell used and explain its working.

REFERENCES
1. Manufacturing Science by A. Ghosh & A.K.Malik
2. Production Engineering by Swadesh Kumar Singh

Final
thickness