University of Cebu

College of Engineering
Sanciangko St. Cebu City

CE 41B
(Highway Engineering)
TTH 1:30-3:30
Reporting About Highway and Bridges Maintenance
and Rehabilitation

Submitted by:
Quinanola , Edward
Rusiana , Glendale
Tingting , Jude Laurence
Estrera , Benjie Lou
Reymund , Ybanez
Baring , Jonathan

Submitted to:
Engr. Kenny I. Silud

Highway Maintenance and

Rehabilitation

Highway Maintenance Definitions

Maintenance: Is the routine work
performed to keep a pavement, under
normal conditions of traffic and normal
forces of nature, as nearly as possible in
its as constructed condition.

Maintenance: The function of

preserving, repairing, and restoring a
highway and keeping it in condition for
safe, convenient, and economical use.

Highway Maintenance
It includes both physical maintenance
activities such as sealing, patching, filling
joints, and so forth and traffic service
activities including painting pavement
markings, removing snow, ice, and litter.

Rehabilitation: restoring or
betterment of roadway such as
resurfacing.

Highway Maintenance Programs

Are designed to offset the effects of
weather, vandalism, vegetation growth, and
traffic wear and damage, as well as
deterioration due to the effects of aging,
material failures, and design and
construction faults.
Why Maintenance is Necessary
All Pavements require maintenance.

Stresses producing minor effects are

constantly working in all pavements.

Stresses are:

Change in temperature and moisture;

Traffic;
Small movements in underlying or adjacent
earth.

Distresses are visible evidence of

pavement wear

They are the end result of the wear

process which begins when construction
ends.

Water lines and other utilities are

major area of pavement maintenance.

Importance & Challenge of Highway

Maintenance
Protect investments made in
highways.

Economic & safety of public road

system.

Challenges:
increased roads (additional mileage of travel),
vehicle sizes, and traffic.

 Traveling public expect higher level of

maintenance.
Size of maintenance budget.

Maintenance Management
Purpose: to capture information about
maintenance activities performed &
resources expanded.

Maintenance management systems do

not manage programs, reduce cost or
improve performance, rather they provide
maintenance engineers with the
information and analytical tools needed
to allow them to do so.

Maintenance Management Control

Elements of maintenance
management programs:

Development of an annual work

program (defining activities,
quantities, establish performance
standards, road inventory &
inspection, estimate size of the work
program).

Budgeting & allocating resources

(labor, equipment, Materials).

Work authorization & control

(various administration levels).

Scheduling (balance of workload

throughout the year).

Performance evaluation (work

progress & productivity).

Fiscal control (monitor status of

expenditures yearly).

Maintenance Operations

Road surfaces

Shoulders & approaches.

Roadsides
Bridges, tunnels, & drainage
structures.

Traffic controls & safety devices.

Control of snow & ice.

Maintenance of Road Surfaces

Aggregate road surfaces

 Failures due to: improper drainage, poorly mixed

materials, inadequate foundation.

Repairs:

Patching -A small piece of material affixed to

another, larger piece to conceal, reinforce, or repair
a worn area, hole, or tear.

Blading -used to create a flat surface during the

grading process.

Scarifying & resurfacing (when areas to be

patched are numerous).- utilising steel and carbide
cutters for the removal of:
Failed or delaminated floors
Concrete reduction
Floor leveling
Road Line Removal

Texturing of concrete
Thick coating removal

Stabilization.

process as a method of converting contaminated

and the low-grade soils into purpose engineered
construction materials.

Bituminous
surface treatment

Also known as a seal coat or chip seal, is a thin

protective wearing surface that is applied to a
pavement or base course

of Road
Control

Maintenance
Surfaces

Bituminous surfaces

Failures due to: weathering, failure

of base or subgrade due to material
quality or compaction or improper
drainage.

Repairs:
Patching- A small piece of material affixed to
another, larger piece to conceal, reinforce, or repair
a worn
area,
hole, or
tear.

 Paint patching-method for repairing holes and

cracks in roads,
parking lots ...
surfaces using a
mixture of powder
coating

Scarifying- utilising steel and carbide cutters for

the removal of:
Failed or delaminated floors
Concrete reduction
Floor leveling
Road Line Removal
Texturing of concrete
Thick coating removal

Resealing.- is the process of spraying bitumen onto a road

pavement and then rolling in a layer of uniformly sized stones to
create a new surface

 Non skid surface treatment- high-friction

surface treatment which is a veneer overlay
applied to asphalt and / or concrete roads and
highways to improve surface friction, resulting in
decreased braking distances and threshold impact
speeds in emergency situations.

Maintenance of Roadsides
Roadside: include area
between traveled surface & the limit of
the right-of-way (medians, roadside

parks, right-of-way fences, picnic

tables, ..etc.
Vegetation management &
control (include mowing, weed
eradication & control, seeding, planting
vegetation, & care of trees & shrubs).

Mowing is done to provide sight distance,

improve drainage, reduce fire hazards, & improve
appearance of the roadway.
Seeding & planting vegetation are important for
prevention of erosion.

Maintenance of rest areas.

Litter control.

Bridges Maintenance and Rehabilitation

Bridge maintenance definition

It is the Department of Transportation's goal to
"maintain bridges to 'as constructed' standards, and
maintain the adjacent waterways to keep them clear of
obstructions." To do this, Bridge Repair can be divided
into three categories: Maintenance, Rehabilitation, and
Replacement.

General Methods
Concrete

removal and replacement of deteriorated concrete

filling cracks

 coating and sealing concrete surface

Steel

protect it from exposure to electrolytes

painting
galvanizing

Timber

 control moisture content of the wood

Bridge Seats and Caps

Runoff through deck joints contains

debris and de-icing chemicals
de-icing chemicals that accumulate on
substructure cap can result in:

corrosion of reinforcing steel and spalling

concrete

corrosion of bearing assembly (i.e. frozen

bearing)

Bridge Seats and Caps (contd)

Proper maintenance
regular cleaning of substructure caps and deck
joints with high pressure pump

 provide drainage troughs below deck joints

surface protective coatings on bearing systems

Substructure Concerns

Material deterioration
wet/dry and freeze/thaw cycles
abrasion by water/ice at waterline
steel corrosion

 concrete spalling
decay and vermin attack on timber

Substructure - Concerns (contd)

Impact damage
Other damage
pressure exerted on the piers and abutments by
the earth

Substructure - Maintenance (contd)

Impact damage
guard rails and energy dissipaters fenders or
steel plates on abutments and piers

Superstructure Concerns
Usually very difficult to access, so
problems are frequently overlooked
Deterioration occurs with time
salt and chemicals
corrosion

- frozen bearings

carbonation and sulfation

Impact damage
high loads

- cracks in concrete

Superstructure Maintenance
Inspection
Good protection system
coatings

- preservatives

sealers

- patching

paints

- crack filling

Pressure washing and cleaning

Strengthening
Bridge Major Maintenance and Rehabilitation
Total deck replacement-

replacing the entire deck

Partial-depth deck replacement - are typically

performed on full-depth cast-in-place bridge decks. Damage in
the top of the deck only (not progressing full depth) is due
predominantly to abrasion and wear.

 Delamination
act of splitting or separating a laminate or solid into layers.

repair-

Deck overlays- used to improve rideability and in some cases are the best
alternative to improve skid resistance

Cathodic protection- is protect a wide range of

metallic structures in various environments. Common
applications are: steel water or fuel pipelines and metal
reinforcement bars in concrete buildings and structures.

Deck joint replacement- to prevent the passage of winter deicing chemicals and other corrosives applied to bridge decks from penetrating
and damaging substructure components of the bridge

Bearing replacement-

replacement of new bearing

that allow controlled movement and thereby reduce the
stresses involved. Movement could be thermal expansion or

contraction, or movement from other sources such as seismic

activity.