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2MARKS
1. LIST THE VARIETIES OF IRON ORE
ORE
NAME
IRON SPECI
%
FIC
GRAVI
TY
HAEMAT RED OXIDE OF
65- 70 4.5 -5.3
ITE
IRON (Fe2O3)
LIMONIT BROWN
60
3.6- 4
E
HAEMATITE
(2Fe2O3.3H2O)
MAGNET BLACK OXIDE OF
70- 73 4.9- 5.2
ITE
IRON (Fe3O4)
PYRITE
SULPHIDE OF
45- 47 4.8- 5.1
IRON (FeS2)
SIDERIT
E
CARBONATE OF
IRON (FeCO3)
40
3.7- 3.9
COLOUR
AVAILABILITY
BLACK
MADRAS
BRONZE YELLOW/
PALE BRASS YELLOW
PALE YELLOW/
BROWNISH RED/
BROWNISH BLACK
NAME OF STEEL
CARBON
CONTENT (%)
USES
MILD STEEL
UPTO 0.1
MEDIUM
CARBON
UPTO 0.25
UPTO 0.45
RAILS, TYURES
UPTO 0.6
UPTO 0.75
UPTO 0.9
UPTO 1
UPTO 1.1
HIGH
CARBON
4. WHAT ARE THE FACTORS WHICH AFFECT THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL?
Carbon Content: mild to high carbon
Presence of Impurities: Silicon (0.3-.4%), Sulphur(0.02-.1%), Phosphorus( below 0.12%)
and Manganese (0.3-1%) should not exceed 1.5%.
5. STATE THE
PROPERTIES OF ALUMINIUM
It is a very good conductor of heat and electricity
It is a silvery white metal with bluish tinge
It is a non magnetic substance
It exhibits bright lustre on a freshly broken surface
It is rarely attacked by nitric acid, organic acid or water. It is highly resistant to
corrosion
It is light in weight, malleable and ductile
It is very soft
Melting point= 660C and Boiling point= 2056C
It possesses great toughness and tensile strength
It readily dissolves in Hydrochloric acid
Specific gravity= 2.7
BRASS
Uses
Cartridge
brass
70
30
Delta Metal
60
37
Low Brass
80
Muntz metal/
Yellow Metal
60
Naval Brass
1% Tin to Cartridge.
Admirality metal.
Red Brass
85
15
White Brass
10
90
Yellow Brass
65
35
S.G.- 8.47,
plumbing accessories, lamp
Strong and called fixtures, screws, rivets, tubes,
High Brass
grillwork.
high corrosion
resistance
20
strong
40
high strength
BRONZE
Cu%
Tin%
Bell Metal
Gun Metal
82
88
18
10
3%- Fe
ornamental works
Manganese
Bronze
56-60
40
Phosphor
Bronze
89
10
Speculum
Metal
67
33
subaqueous construction
high endurance limit,
springs, gears, bearings.
high reflective Telescope
surface when
polished
Fibrous
Filler
Laminated
Filler
Powder
Filler
Properties
Examples
Asbestos, Wood,
Glass fibres
papers, wood
veneers,
cardboards, cotton
quartz powder,
chalk, wood, flour
11.
12.
WHAT ARE THE CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD CASTING?
Good casting is devoid of the following defects: Cold Short, Drawing ,Holes, Lifts and Shifts,
Scabbing, Swelling
13.
14.
Angle Section
Corrugated Sheets
Flat Bars
Plates
Round Bars
15.
LIST
Channel Section
Expanded metal
I-Sections & T-Sections
Ribbed-torsteel bars
Square Bars
16.
17.
18.
Low strength
Low useful temperature range (up to 600 oF)
Less dimensional stability over period of time (creep effect)
Aging effect, hardens and become brittle over time
Sensitive to environment, moisture and chemicals
Poor machinability
WHAT IS THE COMPOSITION OF PLASTICS? (ALREADY)
19.
MENTION THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ADHESIVES
THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF ADHESIVES OVER OTHER CONVENTIONAL
METHODS (BOLT, RIVET, WELD) ARE AS FOLLOWS
Advantages:
Adequate Strength
Easy, economical and Speedy.
Disadvantages:
23.
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON STRUCTURAL STEEL
Structural steel is steel construction material, a profile, formed with a
specific shape or cross section and certain standards of chemical composition and
mechanical properties.
24.
Some
25.
OUTLINE THE USES OF LEAD IN BUILDING INDUSTRY
Bullets, alloys, storage cells, sanitary fittings, cisterns, waterproof and acid proof chamber,
gas pipes, roof gutters, printing types, damp proof courses of buildings, cable coverings,
preparation of lead oxide for paints
26.
WHAT IS POLYMERISATION? STATE THE THREE METHODS OF
POLYMERISATION?
Polymerisation may be defined as the union of two smaller molecules of similar or different
types with or without elimination of water resulting in the formation of new C-C linkages. The
mechanism by which polymerisation takes place may be addition (Copolymerisation) or
condensation. Depolymerisation may also occur.
Structure
Time
taken
Types
Additional
polymerization
Similar or different
molecules join
together due to
opening of double
bonds
Few seconds
PVC, Polystyrene,
poly acrylates,
polypropylene,
polyethylene.
Condensation
polymerization
high molecular
substance (formed by
monomer of identical or
different molecules) low molecular
substance (ammonia,
hydrogen chloride)
Few Days
Co- Polymerization
phenolformaldehyde,
carbamide, melamineformaldehyde
Addition polymer of 2
or more different
monomers which might
not polymerize with
themselves but copolymerize.
27.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THERMOPLASTICS AND THERMOSETTING PLASTICS
Thermoplastics (resins) : Thermoplastics soften when heated and subsequently melt. When
cooled they become hard and rigid once again. Examples are Polyethylene, PVC, Nylon, etc.
Uses are bags, mugs and toys.
Thermosetting plastics (resins) : Thermosetting plastics do not become soft on heating and
they never melt once set. Example: Bakelite. Uses are Electric switches, Telephone parts,
cooker handles, etc
28.
Aldural /
Alcad
Aluminium
Bronze
Duralumin
Cu%
other
substanc
es%
Duralumin + 5%
thickness of pure
aluminium cover
1022
90
78
94
4
Mg- 0.5; Mn0.5; Si-0.5;
Fe- 0.5;
Y- Alloy
92.
5
Magnalium
94
Light
Aluminium
Alloy
Aluminium
Copper Alloy
85
96
Aluminium
Zinc Alloy
85
Ni-2; Mg-1.5
Mg- 6
Zn- 12
Properties
use
Aircraft, automobile
industries, electric cables,
surgical and orthopedic
gadgets.
Pistons of engines,
cylinder heads, gear
boxes, propeller blades
Used as deoxidisers in
copper smelting
Used in automobile
industries for castings
Zn- 15
29.
WRITE SHORT NOTES ON ADHESIVES
Adhesives are natural synthetic binders used for surface coating. Structural binders are
specially based cured rubber toughened epoxies, acrylics, & silanes. Silane resins
are used to prevent moisture penetration.
PROPERTIES
Adhesive should have high tensile strength. The important property of adhesives
are high cohesive strength, adherence, fluidity and wetteability of the substrate.
Adhesive should have more cohesive strength than either of the surfaces being held
together. Usually the adhesive becomes more brittle as its cohesive strength is increased.
30.
31.
32.
WHAT ARE THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS FROM PRODUCING IRON FROM
IRON ORE?
Iron ore mining and processing of ore, affects the environment in myriad ways
causing:
1. Land disturbance and change in land use pattern
2. Affecting floral and faunal habitat
3. Disturbing the natural watershed and drainage pattern
4. Disturbing the aquiferlowering of the water table
5. Air pollution due to dust and noxious fumes
6. Water pollution due to surface run of mines
7. Blanketing the agricultural fields
8. Noise and ground vibrations due to blasting.
33.
Structure
Melting point
Specific Gravity
Compressive strength (KN/
cm2)
Tensile Strength (KN/ cm2)
Rust
Mild
fibrous
1400
7.8
80-120
Hard
Granular
1300
7.9
110
60-80
80-110
easily and rapidly
tougher than wrought
tougher than
iron
mild steel
can be magnetised permanently
yes
no
not easy
easy
34.
MENTION ANY THREE ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA FOR STEEL
The properties required of structural steel are
Strength. This is traditionally specified as a characteristic value for the 0.2% proof
stress
Ductility to give impact resistance. Ductility increases with reducing carbon content.
Weldability.
PROPERTIES
Melting point
Specific Gravity
MILD STEEL
1400
7.8
HARD STEEL
1300
7.9
80-120
110
Steel should be devoid of the following defects: (1) Cavities or blow-holes (2) Cold shortness (3)
37.
DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN THERMOPLASTICS AND THERMOSETTING RESINS
(ALREADY)
38.
EXPLAIN THE ROLE OF PLASTICIZERS IN PLASTICS
Plasticizers: Used to separate the polymer chain by a greater distance to make the
crystallization difficult. This is added to improve plasticity and softness and gives flexibility to
the material and acts as a lubricant.
39.
40.
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tiles are a commonly used floor finish made from polyvinyl
chloride. Due to the small size of the tiles, usually 150mm, 225mm and 305mm, any damage
can soon be repaired by replacing individual tiles (as long as some spares are kept). The tiles
are made of a composite of PVC and fibre, producing a thin and fairly hard tile. The surface
wears, in time causing difficulty in cleaning, then loss of the coloured pattern layer. Finally, a
very smooth sub-floor is required to lay them on, otherwise they gradually become cut by
the foot pressure above and the shallow edges below.
16 MARKS
UNIT 1
1. EXPLAIN MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PIG-IRON BY BLAST FURNACE?
2. DESCRIBE VARIOUS TYPES OF STEEL CASTING?
3. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT a. MARKET FORMS OF STEEL b. TYPES OF STEEL SHEETING
4. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT a. PROPERTIES AND USES OF CAST IRON b. PROPERTIES AND USES
OF WROUGHT IRON
5. ELABORATE ON MARKET FORMS OF STEEL
6. EXPLAIN THE PROCESS OF MANUFACTURING OF PIG IRON
7. DEFINE THE TERM ORE AND EXPLAIN THE POINTS TO BE EXAMINED WHILE SELECTING THE
SITE FOR MINES?
8. DESCRIBE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF PIG IRON BY BLAST FURNACE
UNIT 2
1. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS OPERATION INVOLVED IN THE MECHANICAL TREATMENT OF STEEL?
2. DESCRIBE THE VARIOUS PROCESSES ADOPTED TO MANUFACTURE STEEL
3. ELABORATE IN DETAIL ABOUT THE INNOVATIONS IN THE USE OF STEEL IN ARCHITECTURE.
ILLUSTRATE WITH FEW BUILDING EXAMPLES AND SKETCHES OF THE SAME.
4. WHAT IS CORROSION? EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS CAUSES AND FACTORS OF CORROSION. DETAIL
OUT THE PREVENTION MEASURES FOR CORROSION.
5. ELUCIDATE ABOUT THE CONSTRUCTION PARAMETERS DEVELOPED BY INSTAG
6. EXPLAIN THE ACCEPTED INDUSTRIAL PRACTICES IN REGARD TO VARYING CRITERIA OF
PERFORMANCE, ACCEPTANCE AND EXPECTATION FOR STEEL
7. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS PROCESS ADOPTED TO MANUFACTURE STEEL
8. DISCUSS THE PROCESS OF ANNEALING
UNIT 3
1. DISCUSS THE IMPORTANCE OF ALUMINIUM AS A STRUCTURAL MATERIAL
2. DISCUSS THE VARIOUS TYPES OF ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
3. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT THE APPLICATIONS OF a. THE APPLICATION OF EXTRUSION BASED
ALUMINIUM b. THE APPLICATION OF SHEET BASED ALUMINIUM c. USES OF ALUMINIUM
4. EXPLAIN THE VARIOUS TREATMENTS AND PROCESSES OF PROTECTION GIVEN TO FERROUS
METALS AND PRODUCTS
5. BRING OUT THE ROLE OF ALUMINIUM IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
6. WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN ALLOYS AND NON FERROUS METALS?HIGHLIGHT ANY
5 USES OF FERROUS METALS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
7. EXPLAIN THE MANUFACTURING PROCESS OF ALUMINIUM
8. DISCUSS VARIOUS ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
UNIT 4
1. WHAT ARE THE PRECAUTIONS TO BE TAKEN IN THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF PVC PIPES
FOR THEIR BETTER PERFORMANCE?
2. DESCRIBE COMMONLY USED THERMOPLASTIC RESINS.ALSO GIVE THEIR USE
3. EXPLAIN IN DETAIL ABOUT a. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF USING PVC PIPES
b.
PRECAUTION TO BE TAKEN IN THE DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF PVC PIPES FOR THE
BETTER PERFORMANCE
4. ENUMERATE ON a. THE USES OF PLASTICS IN BUILDING INDUSTRY b. THE USES OF
POLYCARBONATE IN BUILDING INDUSTRY
5. a. WHAT DO YOU UNDERSTAND ABOUT STRUCTURAL PLASTICS? OUTLINE THE USAGE OF
STRUCTURAL PLASTICS IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION b. EXPLAIN ABOUT FILLERS AND
STABILIZERS
UNIT 2
INSDAG
PARAMETERS
CORROSION
STEEL
MANUFACTURE
ANNEALING
UNIT 3
DIFFERENCE BTWN
ALLOYS / NON FERROUS
METALS
ALUMINIUM
MANUFACTURE
ALUMINIUM ALLOYS
UNIT 4
COMPOSITION OF
PLASTICS
UNIT 5
ADHESIVES
FABRICATION OF
PLASTICS
POLYCARBONATES
USES
SEALANTS
FLOORING
ASPHALT
TILES