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Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham

Amrita School of Engineering, Amritapuri Campus
16TF603 Advanced Engineering Thermodynamics
Assignment: Exergy and Exergy balance
S1- Thermal and Fluids Engineering

Control mass
1. A mass of 8 kg of helium undergoes a process from an initial state of 3 m 3/kg and 15oC to
final state of 0.5 m3/kg and 80oC. Assuming the surroundings to be at 25 oC and 100 kPa,
determine the increase in the useful work potential of the helium during this process.
2. Air is expanded in an adiabatic closed system from 1000 kPa and 37 oC to 100 kPa with
an isentropic expansion efficiency of 95 percent. What is the second-law efficiency of
this expansion? Take To = 25oC and Po = 100 kPa.
3. A piston cylinder device contains 5 kg of refrigerant 134a at 0.7 MPa and 60 oC. The
refrigerant is now cooled at constant pressure until it exists as a liquid at 24 oC. If the
surrounding are at 100 kPa and 24oC, determine (a) the exergy of the refrigerant at the
initial and the final states and (b) the exergy destroyed during this process.
4. A piston cylinder device initially contains 2L of air at 100 kPa and 25 oC. Air is now
compressed to a final state of 600 kPa and 150 oC. The useful work input is 1.2 kJ.
Assuming the surrounding are at 100 kPa and 25 oC, determine (a) the exergy of the air at
the initial and final states, (b) the mnimum work that must be supplied to accomplish this
compression process and (c) the second-law efficiency of this process.
5. An insulated piston cylinder device contains 0.05 m3 of saturated refrigerant-134a vapor
at 0.8 MPa pressure. The refrigerant is now allowed to expand in reversible manner until
the pressure drops to 0.2 MPa. Determine the change in the exergy of the refrigerant
during this process and the reversible work. Assume the surroundings to be at 25 oC and
100 kPa.
6. A 1.2 m3 insulated rigid tank contains 1.13 kg of CO 2 at 100 kPa. Now paddle wheel
work is done on the system until the pressure in the tank rises to 120 kPa. Determine (a)
the actual paddle-wheel work done during this process and (b) the minimum paddlewheel work with which this process ( between thw same end states) could be
accomplished. Take To=298K.
7. 2 kg of air at 500 kPa, 80 oC expands adiabatically in a closed system until its volume is
doubled and its temperature becomes equal to that of the surroundings which is at 100
kPa, 5oC. For this process, determine (a) the maximum work (b) the change in
availability and (c) the irreversibility. For air take Cv = 0.718 kJ/kg K, U = CvT.
8. A heat engine operating with an environment at 298 K produces 5 kW of power output
with a first-law efficiency of 50%. It has a second law efficiency of 80% and T L = 310 K.
Find all the energy and exergy transfers in and out of exergy destruction.

Control Volume
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9. Air expands through a turbine from 500 kPa, 520 oC to 100 kPa, 300oC. During
expansion 10 kJ/kg of heat is lost to the surroundings which is at 98 kPa, 20 oC.
Neglecting the K.E and P.E changes, determine per kg of air (a) the decrease in
availability (b) the maximum work and (c) the irreversibility. For air take Cp = 1.005
kJ/kg K, h = CpT.
10. Steam is throttled from 2MPa and 350oC to a pressure of 100 kPa. Determine the
decrease in exergy of the steam during this process. Assume the surrounding to be at
25oC.
11. Steam enters an adiabatic turbine at 6 MPa, 600C and 80 m/s and leaves at 50 kPa,
100C and 140 m/s. If the power output of the turbine is 5 MW, determine (a) the
reversible power output and (b) the second-law efficiency of the turbine. Assume the
surroundings to be at 25C.
12. Steam expands in a turbine steadily at a rate of 15,000 kg/h, entering at 8 MPa and 450C
and leaving at 50 kPa as saturated vapor. Assuming the surroundings to be at 100 kPa and
25C, determine (a) the power potential of the steam at the inlet conditions and (b) the
power output of the turbine if there were no irreversibilities present.
13. Liquid water at 200 kPa and 20C is heated in a chamber by mixing it with superheated
steam at 200 kPa and 300C. Liquid water enters the mixing chamber at a rate of 2.5 kg/s,
and the chamber is estimated to lose heat to the surrounding air at 25C at a rate of 600
kJ/min. If the mixture leaves the mixing chamber at 200 kPa and 60C, determine (a) the
mass flow rate of the superheated steam and (b) the wasted work potential during this
mixing process.
14. Outdoor air (Cp = 1.005 kJ/kg C) is to be preheated by hot exhaust gases in a cross-flow
heat exchanger before it enters the furnace. Air enters the heat exchanger at 95 kPa and
20C at a rate of 0.8 m3/s. The combustion gases (C p = 1.10 kJ/kg C) enter at 180C at
a rate of 1.1 kg/s and leave at 95C. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the air and the
rate of exergy destruction in the heat exchanger.

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