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WELDED JOINTS
CollegeofEngineering&ComputerScience CECS
Chapter Objectives
Welding symbols
Weld strength
Examples
CollegeofEngineering&ComputerScience CECS
Welding
Welding
Parts are joined together by Fusion. Fusion is
brought about by a combination of heat and
pressure between parts being joined. In normal
welding processes very high temperatures and
little or no pressure is used.
Welding conditions
Smooth joint surfaces that match each other
Surfaces clean and free from oxides, grease and dirt.
Metals to be joined have same microstructure
Welding (Cont.)
Why Welding is Important
Provides a permanent joint
Welded components become a single entity
One of the most economical ways to join parts in
terms of material usage and fabrication costs
Mechanical fastening usually requires additional
hardware (e.g., screws) and geometric alterations
of the assembled parts (e.g., holes)
Not restricted to a factory environment
Welding can be accomplished "in the field"
Welding (Cont.)
Limitations and Drawbacks of Welding
Most welding operations are performed manually and
are expensive in terms of labor cost
Most welding processes utilize high energy and are
inherently dangerous
Welded joints do not allow for convenient
disassembly
Welded joints can have quality defects that are
difficult to detect
Welded joints can have significant residual stresses
6
2
1
4
1 - groove angle
2 - bevel angle
3 - root face (land)
4 - root opening (root gap)
5 - groove face
1 - throat
2 - weld face
3 - depth of fusion
4 - root
5 - fillet leg length
6 - weld toe
Example of Intensive
Welding Products
Weld optimization
Minimizing cost and time
Minimizing amount of weld
Improving reliability
Central Rings
Example of Intensive
Welding Products
Weld procedure
optimization
Improving reliability
Screw Pump
Core Pipe
Disc Filter
Example of Intensive
Welding Products
Weld procedure
optimization
Minimizing cost
and time
Minimizing
amount of weld
Improving
reliability
Example of Intensive
Welding Products
Weld procedure
optimization
Minimizing amount of
weld
Improving reliability
Pulp Screw
Example of
Intensive Welding
Products
FE model with
added crack
Global Model of
Existing Design
Weld procedure
optimization
Improving reliability
Welding Symbols
Figure W1
Welding Symbols
(Cont.)
Figure W2
Fillet Weld
(Both sides)
Intermittent and
staggered 60 mm along
on 200 mm centers
Leg size of 5 mm
On one side only
(outside)
Circle indicates all the
way around
Figure W3
Figure W4
Figure W4
Figure W5
Fig. W6
Figure W7
Figure W8
Summation of forces
Law of sines
Figure W9
Figure W9
Figure W9
Figure W10
Figure W9a
Throat area is an assumed minimum area for carrying the
load, either normal or shear components.
Figure W11
Secondary shear
Figure W12
Rectangles represent
throat areas. t = 0.707 h
Fig. 913
Fig. 913
Example W1
Fig. W14
Figure W14
Example W1 (Cont.)
Fig. W15
Figure W15
Example W1 (Cont.)
Fig. W14
Figure W15
Table W15
Fig. W15
Example W1 (Cont.)
Fig. W15
Example W1 (Cont.)
Example W1 (Cont.)
Fig. W16
Example W1 (Cont.)
Fig. W16
Fig. W17
Allowable Load or
Various Sizes of Fillet
Welds (Table 96)
Example W2
Fig. 918
Example W2
Example W2
Example W3
Fig. 919
Example W3
Example W3
Example W3
Example W3
Example W3
Example W4
Fig. 920
Example W4
Example W4
Example W4
Example W5
Fig. 921
Example W5
Example W5
Example W6
Fig. 922
Example W6
Example W6