Architecture GATE Solution

GATE 2016

EARLY CHRISTIAN ARCHITECTURE

The invention of the Christian church was one of the brilliant--perhaps the most
brilliant--solutions in architectural history. This was achieved by a process of
assimilating and rejecting various precedents, such as the Greek temple, the
Roman public building, the private Roman house, and the synagogue. The Early
Christian period saw the growth of Christianity, effectively an underground
Eastern mystery cult during the first three centuries AD. It was established as
the state religion of the Empire under the successors of Constantine.
Ecclesiastical administration set up within the framework of the Roman Empire.
Little change in social and economic order. Gradual split between Eastern and
Western Empire in state and church. Political and economic breakdown of the
West, ending in barbarian invasions.
Early Christian Architecture: basilical church developed from Roman secular
basilica; centralized type from Roman tombs. Basilical plan modified for
liturgical requirements; congregation and clergy segregated in nave and aisles
vs. transept and apse. Different variants in East and West.
In Rome, classical marble wall membering and vocabulary, and emphasis on
massive wall, gradually replaced by broad, flat surfaces, evenly lighted; plain
brick exteriors; mosaic bands of interiors. Long planes with little articulation,
either horizontal or vertical.
Representative buildings:
1) King Herod's temple, Jerusalem, Israel: successor to King Solomon's temple:
reconstruction before destruction in 70 AD; same site with the Dome of the
Rock on same terrace; Jews continue to worship at the Western Wall of the
temple terrace today.

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ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

GATE 2016

2) Synagogue, Dura Europos, Syria, about 230 AD: plan; west wall with Torah
(Bible) niche and frescoes, today in National Museum, Damascus.

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ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

GATE 2016

3) Christian house-church, Dura Europos, Syria, 230 AD: cutaway

reconstruction; the baptistery: compare this house with the House of the Vettii
at Pompeii, ca. 70 AD.

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ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

GATE 2016

4) [Old] St. Peter's basilica, Rome, c. 324--possibly 319--to 335: exterior

reconstruction; reconstructed cutaway of basilica and atrium; interior
reconstruction; reconstructed plans; reconstructed interior view, painted while
some of St. Peter's was still standing.

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

GATE 2016

5) Church of the Holy Sepulcher, Jerusalem, Israel, ca. 335: reconstructed plan
in fourth century; reconstructed interior perspective of the basilica;
reconstructed plan of basilica and Anastasis rotunda in fourth century; exterior
today, much rebuilt.

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10

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee

Architecture GATE Solution

https://www.facebook.com/Architecture-GATE-Solution-818266061628451/?ref=hl

11

GATE 2016

ar. Deepak singh

IIT Roorkee