Language and text

Portfolio 2

Ashfaq Aslam

Portfolio 2
Their in line 01 presupposes that there is a recoverable reference in the text
which will clarify its meaning called the referent. Their in this case is a
personal anaphoric reference to Parents motioned in the beginning of the
sentence. Therefore, their and parents are co referential which helps to make
the text cohesive.
the in line 10 also presupposes that there is a recoverable referent. the here
is a non-selective demonstrative anaphoric reference to Ed Balls mentioned
previously. They (the and Ed Balls) are in turn co referential making the text
cohesive.
that on line 20 is a selective demonstrative anaphoric reference to an extended
piece of text which is found in line 18 i.e. hiring of a private detective to catch
parents in 2007. that and the extend piece of text are co referential making the
text non-structurally cohesive.
tougher in line 2 is a particular external comparative reference which compares
the epithet of toughness explicitly in line 1 and 2 i.e. tougher sanctions than
before.
different in line 06 is a general internal comparative reference which is
implicitly comparing the difference i.e. the process being different.