Professional Documents
Culture Documents
1)
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
THE CAST
EUELPIDES and PISTHETAERUS: Elderly Greek citizens who are sick of living in Athens.
EPOPS: King of the birds. Was once a human named Tereus, but was transformed into a
hoopoe.
HERALD: A messenger for the Greek people.
PRIEST: A person who helps make sacrifices.
IRIS: A messenger goddess who can fly.
PROMETHEUS: The Greek god who created humankind out of clay and water. He stole fire
from the gods to give to humankind. Zeus, king of the gods, punished him by chaining him to a
mountainside and letting a bird eat his liver.
He later escaped.
POSEIDON: The Greek god of the sea and Zeuss brother.
HERACLES: Zeuss son and a divine hero. He has extraordinary strength and courage, but is
not too smart. He loves food.
MESSENGERS
THE SCENE
A wild, desolate tract of open country; broken rocks and brushwood occupy the center of the
stage. Two actors dressed as birds, wearing large bird masks, are leading Euelpides and
Pisthetaerus.
[The jay hops about happily and pecks at Euelpidess shoulder. Then he points with his head to
a particular rock.]
EUELPIDES: Have we finally arrived in the Kingdom of the Birds?
[Euelpidess jay nods his head. Pisthetaeruss crow caws and flaps its wings at Pisthetaerus.]
PISTHETAERUS: Here, knock on this rock.
EUELPIDES: Good idea! [Knocks on the rock.] Ho there, within!
EPOPS: Who wants me?
EUELPIDES: We are mortals from the land of Athens who wish to pay you a visit.
EPOPS: What for?
EUELPIDES: Because you have all human knowledge as well as that of birds. We have come
to beg you to direct us to some comfortable town to relax ina utopia of sorts.
A place without the lawsuits or crazy characters of Athens.
PISTHETAERUS: I have a great plan that will transfer the supreme power to the birds.
EPOPS: What is this great plan?
PISTHETAERUS: Found a city in the clouds and the sky and fortify it with great walls. In this
way you will reign over humankind. When people sacrifice to the gods, the smoke of the
sacrifices must pass through your land to reach the gods for their nourishment. Unless the gods
pay you to allow this passage, they will starve.
EPOPS: By gods, I never heard of anything more cleverly conceived!
Let us tell the other birds. I shall call them: Here birdy, birdy, birdy! Here birdy, birdy, birdy!
[The Chorus of Birds flocks to the stage.]
CHORUS OF BIRDS: Where is he who called us? What good things have you to tell us?
PISTHETAERUS: I am bursting with desire to speak to you, since you were at one time kings.
CHORUS OF BIRDS: We were kings? Over whom?
PISTHETAERUS: It was the birds, not the gods, who once ruled over people. The strongest
proof of all is that Zeus is represented as standing with an eagle on his head as a symbol of his
royalty. His daughter has an owl, and his servant Phoebus has a hawk.
EUELPIDES: What are all these birds doing in the sky?
PISTHETAERUS: When anyone sacrifices to the gods, these birds take their share before
Zeus. Formerly people always swore by the birds and never by the gods.
CHORUS OF BIRDS: Please tell us what must be done.
PISTHETAERUS: First I advise that the birds gather together in one city and that they build a
great wall to divide the earth from the heavens. Next demand the empire back from Zeus. And if
he refuses, you declare war and forbid the gods to pass through your country. Then you send a
messenger to humankind to proclaim that the birds are kings. People must first sacrifice to
birds, and only afterward to the gods.
EPOPS: By Zeus, it is no longer the time to delay! Let us act as promptly as possible. Eat this
root and you will grow wings.
[They eat the root and go through a rather exaggerated transformation that has them running on
and off stage. They come back onstage to admire and laugh at each others stubby new wings.]
PISTHETAERUS: You look like a goose painted by a blind artist.
EUELPIDES: And you look like a close-shaven blackbird.
EPOPS: Come now, what must be done?
PISTHETAERUS: First give our city a great and famous name, and then make a sacrifice.
EUELPIDES: It should be some name borrowed from the clouds.
Pisthetaerus
Epops
Herald
Priest
Iris
Prometheus
Poseidon
Heracles
a) Euelpides and
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
Pisthetaerus
Epops
Herald
Priest
Iris
Prometheus
Poseidon
Heracles
5)
a)
b)
c)
d)
Everyone
B)
name
C)
Oprah
schedule
B)
helps
C)
management
tennis
B)
team
C)
championship
A)
Several
B)
watched
C)
parade