International Law Study Plan

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD
INTERNATIONAL LAW
STUDY PLAN ACCORDING TO ANALYSIS OF PAST PAPERS
STUDY AREA I : NATURE, OBJECT, PURPOSE, BASIS,EVOLUTION
AND SOURCES OF INTERNATIONAL LAW
2016-Define International Law. Discuss its nature and scope. To what extent it is
relevant and effective in the modern times?
2016-What are the material sources of International Law? Discuss any two of
them in detail with necessary examples.
2015-Explain the sources of International Law in the light of Article 38(1) of the
Statute of International Court of Justice.
2015- What is the relationship between Positive Law Theory, Natural Law Theory
and International Law? How these theories contributed in the evolution of
International Law?
2014- "When all has been said it will be found that consent remains firmly the
basis of international law, and there are as many, and only as many, sources of
international law as there are ways whereby the consent of states can be
expressed"? Discuss
2013- Considering the practice of leading states how far is it true to say that
international Law and municipal law are two distinct but coordinate legal systems.
2013-As a law based on common consent of states, international law should have
more binding authority and less moral considerations . Discuss.
2011-"As the basis of the Law of Nations is the common consent of the member
states of the Family of Nations, it is evident there must exist as many sources of
international law as there are facts through which such common consent can
possibly come into existence." (Oppenheim). Discuss
2010 Give such a definition of International Law which could cover all the
modern trends in it?
2008 John Austin says International Law is not a real Law, but a positive
International Morality. Do you agree with him? Give arguments in support of your
answer.
2007 "In the absence of any form of international legislature of democratic
states, international law was said to be based upon the consent of the states upon
their individual acceptance of its principles and rules." Discuss.
2006 International Law is a Law regulating the rights and duties of states and
creating no rights and imposing no duties on individuals. Do you agree with this
statement? Why or why not? Argue.
2005 Define International Law. Do you agree with John Austins concept
International Law is not a true law, but a positive international morality?
Elaborate your answer with appropriate arguments.
2005 What are the sources of International Law? Discuss any two of them
in detail.
2001 Explain in detail the object, purpose and basis of international law.
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AREA OF FOCUS
Various definitions of International Law
International Law is positive International Morality. (John Austin).
Discuss.
Object, purpose and basis of international law.
Evolution of International Law.
Sources of International law.
International law and municipal law
STUDY AREA II: INDIVIDUAL AND STATE AS SUBJECTS OF
INTERNATIONAL LAW (SECESSION, SOVEREIGNTY,
RECOGNITION,TERRITORY, JURISDICTION, NATIONALITY, ETC)
2016-What is Recognition? Discuss Dejure and Defacto recognitions. Also
explain the constitutive and declaratory theories of recognition. Discuss the
disabilities of unrecognized states.
2016-What is meant by State Jurisdiction? Discuss different types of state
jurisdiction under International Law.
2015-What is the role of state recognition in the commencement of existence of a
state? What are the rules that govern the issues that arise out of a state ceasing to
exist?
2013-Define Recognition and explain its kinds. Also point out the difference
between recognition of states and governments.
2013-Territory is essential part of a state - examine the statement in view of modes
of acquisition and loss of state territory.
2013-What is STATE SUCCESSION ? What is the scope of treaty continuity or
treaty obligations in case of extinction of a state?
2012-. Lord Curzon once said, Frontiers are indeed the razors edge on which
hang suspended the modern issues of war or peace, of life or death to nations.
Explain in this light the various modes of acquisition of territory by a state.
2012- Non-recognition of a government can be amounted to denying the
recognition of the state itself as it is the governments that do international business
on behalf of the states. Argue in affirmative this statement with particular
reference to Constitutive Theory of Recognition.
2011- "The Subject of Recognition is one of the most difficult branches of
international law, not merely from the points of view of exposition of principles,
but also intrinsically by reason of manyh difficulties which arise in practice."
Discuss
2010 Discuss various modes of Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by
the states acknowledged in International Law.
2010 What is meant by 'Subjects of International Law'? Justify
Individuals as the subject of International Law by giving appropriate
examples.
2010 Define Recognition. Differentiate between Defacto and Dejure
Recognition.
2009 Define State jurisdiction and explain how domestic jurisdiction can be
limited by and reduced by principles of International Law?

2009 Territory is undoubtedly the basic character of a state as well as widely
accepted elaborate with reference to exclusive rights of states on Land and Air
territory.
2009 Define International personality and discuss various entities as
International Legal person.
2008 Discuss Recognition. Differentiate between de-jure and de-facto
recognition. What are the disabilities of an unrecognized state?
2008 Briefly and precisely define SUBJECTS International Law. Do you
agree that INDIVIDUALS can be considered as subjects of International Law?
Give appropriate examples in this regard.
2007 Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing NATIONALITY.
What is DOUBLE NATIONALITY and STATELESSNESS?
2007 "What is meant by RECOGNITION of STATES as a member of
FAMILY of NATIONS? State the different modes of such recognition.
2005 What does Subjects of international law mean? Discuss individuals as
subjects of International Law. Elaborate your answer with the appropriate
examples.
2003 Describe the legal nature of recognition of states, with particular
reference to difference between defacto and Dejure recognition.
2003 Discuss the term State jurisdiction with reference to
(a) Maritime belt
(b) Port
(c) Foreigners
(d) Floating island
2002 Explain the various modes of acquiring and losing nationality. What is
double Nationality and Statelessness?
2000 What do you understand by 'Recognition of States' and
'Recognition of Governments? Explain fully the distinction between
Recognition Dejure and Recognition Defacto.
AREA OF FOCUS
Subjects of International Law

Recognition and its types.
Jurisdiction and limitations
Nationality, Double Nationality
Acquisition of territory
STUDY AREA III: RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATE, STATE

NEUTRALITY,QUASI NEUTRALITY, DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS,
ASYLUM, IMMUNITY, EXTRADITION
2016-Discuss the concept of Neutrality. How a neutral State differs from a
neutralized State.
Explain the rights and duties of neutral and the belligerent states during war.
2015-What is the difference between immunities and privileges of diplomats?
What is its place in International Law? How it affects the functions and
responsibilities of the diplomats?

2013-States continue to be the principal subjects of international legal relations but
nonstate entities too exert a great deal of influence on the legal system. Examine
the statement with reference to rights and duties of international organizations
under law.
2013-Define the term NEUTRALITY and explain the rights and duties of a neutral
state.
2012- Does the customary international law grant the right to use force to a state in
response to a terrorist attack on it? Substantiate your answer by arguing from
Article 51 and Paragraph 4 of the Article 2 of the UN Charter and other recent
examples in this regard.
2011- Define Diplomatic Envoy. Give a short account of the functions, privileges
and immunities of the diplomatic envoys accredited to other states.
2011- "International Law is primarily concerned with the rights, duties and
intersts of states." Examine this statement wiht reference to the place of
individuals and non-state entities is International Law
2010 Discuss the concept of Neutralization. How is it done? Explain the Rights,
Duties and Guarantees given to a neutralized state.
2009 Describe Importance of diplomacy in interstate relations and discuss the
concept of diplomacy and immunity?
2008 Give precise definition of Extradition. Write a comprehensive
essay on extradition by covering all its aspects.
2008 Differentiate between Territorial and Extra-Territorial Asylum. Under
which circumstances an Embassy or Consulate can offer asylum to a
fugitive/offender of the territorial State
2006 Discuss the liability of the following:
a) The ambassador of the Republic of Brondasia in Islamabad murders a
Pakistani out of sudden provocation.
b) The wife of the Brondasian ambassador bought cosmetics worth Rs.1000,000
from a local departmental store, refused to pay and went away to her embassy.
c) A Pakistani friend of the Brondasian ambassador has murdered a Brondasian
employee of the embassy.
2006 A Pakistani citizen working in the embassy of a foreign country in
Islamabad, has committed an offence against another Pakistani citizen. The
Pakistani police want to arrest such person. However, the ambassador is refusing
to handover the accused to the police with the plea that the accused has a
diplomatic immunity. Do you agree with the pleas of the ambassador? Why or
why not?
2005 Differentiate between Neutralized and Neutral States. Discuss the
rights and duties of a neutral state.
2005 Discuss the concept of extradition. Explain main principles of extradition.
Discuss also the crimes exempted from extradition.
2004 Fully explain the duties of a Sovereign State with special reference to:
(a) Not to interfere in the domestic affairs of another state
(b) To refrain from use of threat of use force against another state
2003 State the various kinds and classes of diplomatic agents and
mention their privileges and immunities.

2002 State immunity has become a mere fiction which the law can do with
out. The principle is gradually withering away, a process already under way
and constantly gaining momentum. Do you agree? Give reasons in support of
your answer.
2001 Define nationality. What are neutral and neutralized states?
AREA OF FOCUS
Rights and Duties of a sovereign state

Neutral and Neutralized states, neutrality
Importance of diplomatic relations
Immunity of a diplomat
Extradition
STUDY AREA IV: LAW OF SEA, MARITIME HIGHWAYS,

CANALS
2016-What is meant by Freedom of High Seas? Discuss certain restrictions on it
byInternational Law, including the right of Hot Pursuit by the ships of a costal
state onthe High Seas.
2014- "What ever be the generally accepted rules governing the outer limit of the
territorial limit of the territorial sea this issue, and others like it, will be settled in
many cases on the basis of the principles of acquiescence and opposability".
Discuss
2013-Why is the third UN convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS-III)
considered a vast diplomatic and legal undertaking and what has made it different
to the earlier efforts on the subject?
2008 Define High Seas. Explain the concept of Freedom of High Seas
along-with restrictions over it.
2006 Discuss the extent to which a state can claim jurisdiction over the high seas
in war and peace. Is an appropriation by a state of the underwater soil allowed in
International Law?
2003 Describe international rivers. State the principles of law, regulating
the use of water and navigation in international rivers.
2001 - Write short notes on any three of the following in the light of convention
on the law of sea 1982 and our maritime zone act of 1976. You must discuss
the nature of jurisdiction, right and duties.
(a) Internal Waters
(b) Continental Shelf
(c) Territorial Waters
(d) Land-locked State
(e) EEZ
2001 Write a comprehensive note on international rivers and international canal.
AREA OF FOCUS
High seas, International Waters Claims and Jurisdiction
Landlocked zones
Law/regulations governing International Waters
STUDY AREA V: INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES, HIJACKING,

INTERVENTION, INSURGENCY MOVEMENTS
2015-Explain the rules which govern how an insurgency movement can become a
subject of International Law
2010, 2008, 2005, 2004, 2002 Discuss in detail amicable means for
settlement of international disputes.
2006 Whatever the morality of intervention, states have no right under
International Law to intervene on the territory of other states in order to prevent
alleged crimes against humanity or to uphold human rights norms. Discuss.
2004 Define Blockade. What are the essentials of real and binding Blockade?
What does it terminate? Refer to leading cases.
2004 The frequent Interventions have challenged the validity of some of
fundamental principles of International Law. What are those principles? Discuss
in the light of interventions in Afghanistan and Iraq by the super-powers.
2004 Explain how the problem of Hijacking has been dealt with under the
International Law?
AREA OF FOCUS
Ways of resolving International disputes.
Blockade
Intervention
STUDY AREA VI: INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS (UNO, ICJ,
ILO,SC) TREATIES, CONVENTIONS, AGREEMENTS,CUSTOMS
2015- "Treaties are known by a variety of differing names, ranging from
conventions, international agreements, pacts, general acts, and charters through to
statutes, declarations and conventions.' Discuss in the light of laws of its
formation, interpretation and termination.
2014- To what extent could the constitution and practice of the international
labour organisation server as a useful model for other specialized international
organisations ?
2014-"The office of the Secretary General of the United Nations is certainly the
most important and visible post in intentional multilateral diplomacy but it has
been called the most impossible job in the world because the faces complex and
contradictory pressures in the performance of his duties" Discuss
2014-All the major issues on voting in the security council are now satisfactorily
resolved. The real problem to day is about the composition of the Security
Council" Discuss
2014-"The case law of the international court of justice and the practice of United
Nations show that while the principle of self-determination is agreed upon, neither
the scope of its application nor the method of decolonisation has been settled"
Discuss
2013-Keeping in view the UN Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). What can
be a reform agenda in your opinion for making the UN more effective?
2013-Explain the structure and powers of the International Court of Justice and
assess the importance of the principles laid down in judicial decisions of leading
cases as precedents for states.

2013-While customs form the major part of International Law it is conventions
that make it more authentic and applicable. Discuss.
2013- Keeping in view the powers of the security council what suggestions can
you give for improving its structure as a dominant body within UN .
2012- Explain with reference to the relevant articles of the UN Charter that
whether the world body is authorized to intervene in the domestic jurisdiction of
its member states.
2012- What is Veto? How, when and by whom it is used? What consequences
Pakistan had to face in the past because of its use by a former superpower?
2012- What are the various kinds of treaties in international law? Explain the laws
about formation, interpretation and termination of treaties.2011-Q. 8: Elucidate
and justify: "The United Nations inspite of its imperfections, is the only
organizations that can save humanity from disaster and copmplete annihilation."
2011- "All the major issue on voting in the Secretary Council are now
satisfactorily resolved. The real problem today is about the composition of the
Security Council." Discuss
2011-"The Practice of United Nations Organization Show that while the principle
of Self-Determination is agreed upon, neither the scope of its application nor the
method of decolonisation has been settled." Discuss
2010 Keeping in view the objectives of the charter seeking to establish a
mechanism of peace and security how far has United Nations succeeded in
confronting changes in Global society?
2009 How far has the United Nation succeeded in developing a comprehensive
system of Human Rights protection? Can emphasis on social justice and Human
rights lead to a stable International Order?
2007 What is "VETO?" How, when and by whom it is used?
2007 Coercion against a state renders a Treaty invalid. Discuss main features of
the principles. Also elaborate TWO other methods of rendering invalid the
consent of a State to be bound by a treaty.
2007 State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by STARKE in the
creation of legal obligation by a treaty.
2006 Describe the functions of a Prize Court. What law does it administer?
2004 How are Prisoners of war to be treated under International Law?
Explain with reference to various conventions.
2003 What is veto? How, when and by whom is used?
2003 State and discuss in brief the various steps mentioned by Starke in the
creation of legal obligation by a treaty.
2002 Coercion against a state renders a treaty invalid. Discuss main features of
the principle. Also elaborate two other methods of rendering invalid the consent
of a state to be bound by a treaty.
2002 What do you understand by international institutions? Discuss their
status and functions as subject of international law.
2001 The jurisdiction of international court of justice depends on the
consent of the parties concerned. Discuss.
2001 Discuss Kashmir dispute in the light of
Right of self determination

UN Security Council resolution
Non interference in internal affairs

legal status of election in Kashmir
Simla agreement
2000 Critically examine the powers and the voting procedure of the U.N.
Security Council.
2000 - Write a detailed note on the International-court of Justice with particular
reference to its powers to exercise jurisdiction over disputant states.
2000 Define a Treaty. State how are they concluded and terminated?- Explain
it in the light of Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties 1969.
AREA OF FOCUS
International Institutions History, Role

Structure of UN, Reforms,
United Nations (UNSC, VETO), UN charter
Treaty Its legal binding, validity, kinds, formation, interpretation,
termination.
Prisoners of War- Their status and treatment
Kashmir dispute Legal status, history, conventions, solutions.
STUDY AREA VII: MOST IMPORTANT CASES
2004 Enumerate the principles of International Law involved in the decision
of Corfu Channel Case. Assess the impact that decision on the growth and
development of International Law.
2001 Enumerates with short explanation the main principles discussed in any
two of the following cases.
1. Lotus case
2. Clarence Thomas and Anita hill case
3. American diplomat case
AREA OF FOCUS
Lotus Case
Clarence Thomas and Anita Hill Case
American Diplomat Case
Corfu Channel Case
Scotia Case
MISCELLANEOUS
2014-the assumption that the "genuine link" formula, invented for dealing with
people, is capable of immediate application to ships..........smacks of a
disappointing naivete
2013-International Law is a product of centuries elaborate the statement in view
of the scientific development and codification of the law.

2013-TERRORISM has become an international phenomenon - how far are you
satisfied with international legal controls of such criminal conduct .
2010 Give an account of the efforts of international community to protect the
civilian population from the effects of war.
2009 How far do you think that International Law is based on common consent
of States? Evaluate importance of customary law and treaty law as binding in
this regard 2006 What is the duty of other states in case of internal revolt in an
independent state? Can they help the rebels? Under what circumstances
recognition may be accorded to the rebels?
2000 Explain the rules which govern the application of International
Law by Municipal Courts. Give your answer in the light of the court
practice with special reference to the British and American Courts.
SHORT NOTES
2016-Write short notes on any TWO of the following:
(a) Lotus Case
(b) Scotia Case
(c) Territorial and Extra-Territorial asylum
2015-write short notes on

(a) Corfu Channel Case;
(b) The Rainbow Warrior Case;
(c) The Nottebohm Case.
2012-Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) Protectorate (b) Prize Courts (c) Extradition
(d) Double Nationality (e) Continental Shelf (f) Universal Declaration of Human
Rights
2010
2009
2008
2007 Write short notes on:
(a) universal declaration of human rights
(b) international court of justice
(c) international boundaries
(d) extradition
(e) neutrality
2006
2005 Write short notes on any two of the followings:
a) Continental Shelf
b) Rights of Prisoners of War
c) Scotia Case
2004
2003 Write short notes
(a) Double nationality
(b) De facto recognition
(c) International boundaries
(d) Extradition
(e) Neutrality

2002 Write short note on any four.
(a) Territorial waters
(b) Monroes doctrine
(c) Equality of states
(d) Doctrine of Postliminium
(e) Prize courts
(f) Continuous voyage
2002 Write short notes on any four of the following.
(a) Kellogg Briand Pact 1928
(b) The Geneva Convention 1929
(c) Pacta Sunt Servanda
(d) Protectorate
(e) State servitude
2001
2000 Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) High Seas (b) Nationality
(c) High jacking (d) Intervention
(e) Chorzow Factory case, Germany V. Poland (1928) , P.C.I.J. Rep. Ser. A, No.17
2000 - Write short notes on any FOUR of the following:
(a) Human Rights (b) Exclusive Economic Zone
(c) Calvo Clause (d) Blockade
(e) Corfu Channel Case, U.K.V. Albania(1948), I.C.J. Rep. 1949.
WISH YOU GOOD LUCK!

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International Law Study Plan

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Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Subjects of International Law

STUDY AREA III: RIGHTS AND DUTIES OF STATE, STATE

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Rights and Duties of a sovereign state

STUDY AREA IV: LAW OF SEA, MARITIME HIGHWAYS,

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Right of self determination

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

Non interference in internal affairs

International Institutions History, Role

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

2015-write short notes on

Prepared by: ALTAF AHMED SHEIKH (PAS) and UMER AHMAD

WISH YOU GOOD LUCK!

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