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DR. SAHUS BOTANY PMT TUITION; BHILAI

Sample Paper of Botany for NEET/AIIMS/CGPMT -2016-2017
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Chromosomes and Genes

Q.1. How many pairs of homologous chromosomes are present in human---------23.
Q.2. The name of chromatin was coined by-----------Flemming.
Q.3. Polytene chromosome was first observed by----------- E.G.Balbiani-1881 from chironomous larva
Q.4. The terminal end of chromosome is called ------- Telomere.
Q.5. The puffs and rings are associated with the----------- Polytene chromosome.
Q.6. Centromere is a part of chromosome which helps in the-------- Movement of chromosome.
Q.7. Alleles are----------- Alternate forms of a gene.
Q.8. the distance between the genesa ,b, c and d in mapping units are ad = 3.5; bc = 1; ab = 6;
cd = 1.5 ; ac = 5 . find out the sequence of arrangement of these genes-------- adcb.
Q.9. Number of autosomes in human sperm is------- 22.
Q.10. The male human is represented by sex chromosomes ----------- XY
Q.11. The long and short arms of chromosome are designated respectively as------ q and p arms
Q.12. An unfertilized human egg contains------------ One X chromosome only.
Q.13. The structure present over chromosome is----------- Centromere.
Q.14. The structure of chromosome to which spindle fibres is attached is---- centromere /
Kinetochore
Q.15. Who used the term chromosome--------- W.Waldeyer---1888
Q.16. The theory of recombination of linked gene due to crossing over of chromosome during
zygotene of
meiosis was put forwarded by --------- T.H. Morgan
Q.17. Solenoid is structure of ------------- Condensed chromatin fibre with 30 nm diameter
Q.18. Total collection of genes at any time in a unit of evolution is----------- Gene pool.
Q.19. The distance between two genes in a chromosome is measured in cross-over units which
represents------- % of crossing over between them.
Q.20. Gene can be defined as-------------- Unit of recombination.
Q.21. A chromosome, in which the centromere is situated close to its end so that one arm is very short
and other is very long--------------- Acrocentric..
Q.22. In polytene chromosomes dark bands are visible.These bands are formed by the apposition of------------------------- Chromomeres in chromonemata..
Q.23. In eukaryotes basic structural unit made of histone and DNA-------- Nucleosome.
Q.24. Heterochromatin remains condensed in which part of chromosome----- Secondary constrictionI
Q.25. Chromosoma theory of inheritance was based on------------ Segregation of genes.
Q.26. Number of genes in E. coli are-------------- 6000.
Q.27. The largest gene in man is--------------- Dystrophin.
Q.28. Tizo and Levans contribution is very significant because they------------ Gave the number of
human chromosomes.
Q.29. Dependind upon size and centromere position, the 46 chromosomes have benn divided into a
number of groups----------- 7
Q.30. The grouping of human chromosomes is based on------------ Banding pattern alone.
Q.31. Geneticist plot the relative locations of genes on chromosomes by which of these methods------
Determining the frequency of crossing over.
Q.32. Genes are made up of----------- Polynucleotides.

Q.33. Which of the following banding group is used in staining bith plant and animal chromosome--------------------- Cgroup.
Q.34. The chemical nature of chromatin is----------- Nucleic acids, histones and non-histone proteins
Q.35. In man the normal number of chromosomes is---------- 46.
Q.36. Human genome project was discovered by--------------- Francis Collins and Roderick
Q.37. Karyotype is------ Chromosome complement which is specific for each species of living organisms
Q.38. A male child would be born to parents if-------- Genetic chromosomal constitution of child is XY
Q.39. The genes, which are confined to differential region of Y chromosome only, are called---------
Holandric.
Q.40. Crossing over takes place at a stage between----------- Pachytene and Diplotene.

Q.41. What is the chromosome number of Plasmodium---------- 10.

Q.42. The polytene chromosomes were discovered for the first time in------- Chironomus.
Q.43. A child receives------- 50 % genes from his father .
Q.44. telomere repetitive DNA sequences control the function of eukaryote chromosomes because they-------------- prevents chromosome loss.
Q.45. DNA elements, which can switch their position, are called------- Transposons/Jumping genes .
Q.46. The genome of Caenorhabditis elgans consists of----- 97 millions bas pairs and 13000 genes.
Q.47. The sum of genes in a population is called ------- Gene pool.
Q.48. Arrangements of chromosomes in the order of decreasing length is termed -- Idiogram.
Q.49. the condensation of the chromosomes are maximal with visible centromeres at which phase of cell
cycle -------- M phase.
Q.50. A normal metaphase chromosome with a middle centromere is-------- Metacentric.
Q.51. The males of grasshoppers and moths posses two sets of autosomes and------
Only X chromosome.
Q.52. Relative morphologies of chromosomes of an individual indicate his/her-------- Karyotype.
Q.53. For making important contributions in respect of the nature of gene, the Noble prize was rewarded
to---------------- T.H. Morgan
Q.54. Few genes are found in all types of cells of differentiated multicellular organisms of high class. It is
called-------------- Core genes
Q.55. number of autosomes in a normal female is---------- 44.
Q.56. The point at which the polytene chromosomes appear to be attached together is known as--------- chromomere.
Q.57. Balbiani discovered special type of chromosome from the salivary gland of Chironomus larva which
are recognized by the presence of----------------- Both bands and loops.
Q.58. Non coding introns and coding part of exons composed gene called is------ Split genes.
Q.59. Polytene or Giant chromosomes are found in------- Salivar gland of Drosophila.
Q.60. Lampbrush chromosomes are visible ------- At diplotene stage of meiosis.
Q.61. In sex linkage, the speciality is---------- Criss-cross inheritance.
Q.62. The main aim of the human genome project is------- To identify and sequence all the genes
present in human DNA.
Q.63. Lamp brush chromosomes are found inside -------------- Oocytes of Amphibians {Frog}
Q.64. In man, sperms contain autosomes and Either X or Y chromosomes
Q.65.. Drosophila melanogaster has 8 chromosomes in somatic cell. How many linkage groups will be
there--------- 4
Q.66. two sister chromatids are attached with ------------- Centromere.
Q.67. Balbiani rings are present in--------- Polytene chromosome.
Q.68. Chromosomes can be stained with----------------- Aceto carmine / Aceto orcein / Haematoxilin
Q.69. In plant A, 2n= 12; and in plant B, 2n=16, then the ploidy number of cross breeding plant is-- 14.
Q.70. Crossing over takes place between--------- Two homologous chromosomes.
Q.71. Whereas the number of chromosomes is reduced to half in first reduction division of meiosis,then
what is the need for second mitotic division--- For the segregation of replicated chromosomes.
Q.72. In humans chromosomal condition of male is -------- 44AA + XY
Q.73. The careers of hereditary material are---------- Chromosomes.
Q.74. the twenty third pair of chromosomes in man is known as----------- Heterosome
Q.75. In recent past human chromosomes have been studied by a technique using specific, often

fluorescent dyes, known as------------ Banding technique.

Q.76. The chromosome as thread like structures in nucleus was first described by------- Strasburger.
Q.77. The function of chromosomes of carrying the genetic information from one cell generation to
another is performed by--------- DNA.
Q.78. The chromosomes which determine the somatic charactyers are known as-------- Autosomes.
Q.79. The linkage map of X-chromosome of fruit fly has 66 units with yellow body gene-y at one end and
bobbed hair-b gene at the other end. The recombination frequency between these two genes
( y and b) gene should be--------66%
Q.80. Chromosome number is ------------ Fixed for a species.
Q.81. Science which links heredity with environments is----- Gene ecology.
Q.82. In man sexlinked characters are mainly transmitted through------ X-chromosome.
Q.83. A male human is heterozygous for autosomal gene A and B, and is also hemizygous for hemophilic
gene h. what proportion of his sperms will be abh----------- 1/8.
Q.84. The recessive genes located on X-chromosome in human are always--------- Expressed in male.
Q.85. The total number of nitrogenous bases in human genome is estimatd to be about----3.1 billion.
Q.86. In order to calculate map distance of genes on a chromosome, one must known the----
Cross over percentage.
Q.87. At a particular locus, frequency of A allele is 0.6 and that of a is 0.4. what would be the frequency
of heterozygotes in a random mating population of equilibrium-------- 0.48
Q.88. Polytene chromosomes are formed by-------- Endoreduplication of chromosomes.
Q.89. Telomerase is an enzyme which is a-------- Ribonucleoprotein
Q.90. Percentage of recombination between A and B is 9% and c is 17%, B and C is 26%, then the
arrangement of genes is--------- BAC.
Q.91. Chromosome complement with 2n-1 is called as--------------- Monosomy.
Q.92. A gene is said to be dominant, if----- it is expressed both in homozygous and heterozygous
conditions.
Q.93. Chromosomes were seen first time by---------- Hofmeister
Q.94. gene located at the same locus of chromosomes are calles----------- Multiple alleles.
Q.95. Jumping gene are found in---------- eukaryotes and Prokaryotes.
Q.96. An auxotroph is--- Mutant which has lost its ability to synthesize one or more essential
compounds.
Q.97. The person who discovered Y chromosome was--------- Netti Stevens.
Q.98. Nu Body was shown by--------- Woodcock.
Q.99. Cytochimeras means---- Cells having different chromosomes than other vegetative cells.
Q.100. Genes carried on chromosomes was first proved by --------- Bridges.
Q.101. In Pisum sativum there are 14 chromosomes. How many pairs with different chromosomal
compositions can be prepared--- 27 .
Q.102. Which fo the following is incorrectly paired------- Sry-gene--------------------X-chromosome.
Q.103. Gene controls-------- Both hereditary and protein synthesis.
Q.104. Smallest structure having the power of replicating itself is--------- Gene.
Q.105. The core of nucleosome is made up of--------- H-2A; H-2B; H-3 and H-4.
Q.106. Nucleosome consists of-------------- Histones.
Q.107. Diameter of each nucleosome is about-------- 110 A0
Q.108. The salivary gland chromosome in the diapteran larvae, are useful in gene mapping because--------------- They have endoreduplicated chromosomes.
Q.109. Nucleosomes are----------- Unit of chromosome.
Q.110. Carrier of hereditary is--------------- Gene; DNA; Chromosome-all.
Q.111. Plant A is having chromosome no- 2n= 12; and B having,2n= 16; both are crossed to form
allotetraploidy C; what is the chromosome number of C----------- 28.
Q.112. Holandric genes are ------- Carried by different parts of Y chromosomes.
Q.113. Which organism was used by Beadle and Tatum to proposed one gene one enzyme
hypothesis--- ------------------------ Neurospora.
Q.114. What are allosomes------- Sex chromosomes.
Q.115. Which one of the following conditions of the zygotic cell would lead to the birth of a normal human

female child------------- Two X-chromosomes.

Q.116. Separation of the two chromatids of a chromosome takes place in mitosis during---- Anaphase.
Q.117. The modern concept of gene is-------- A functional unit of DNA.
Q.118. One gene one enzyme theory was proposed by-------- Beadle and Tatum.
Q.119. One functional unit of gene which specifies synthesis of one polypeptide is known as-- Cistron.
Q.120. Genes are chemically------- Polynucleotides.
Q.121. The term cistron; recon and muton were proposed by-------- S. Benzer.
Q.122. A normal spontaneous rate for a single gene is one mutation in every-----replication.-106 to 109.
Q.123. Genes are-------- Hereditary units.
Q.124. the eukaryotic chromosomes are made up of---- DNA and proteins.
Q.125. Chromosome Y is --------- Acrocentric.
Q.126. Nucleosomes are bounded by--------- DNA.
Q.127. Who postulate the chromosome theory of inheritance------- Sutton and Boveri
Q.128. In split genes, the coding sequence are called--------- Exons.
Q.129. Which one of the following true----- One gene one polypeptide
Q.130. he bacterial genome refers to the total number of genes located upon a------ Haploid set of
chromosomes.
Q.131. Different types of chromosomes can be recognisexd by the position of the following separating
the two arms----------- Centromere.
Q.132. One gene one enzyme concept means---------- One gene control one enzyme.
Q.133. A gene is made up of-------------- Either DNA or RNA.
Q.134. The theory of jumping genes was propounded by or Noble prize for the concept of jumping gene
was given to------------ Barbara Mc Clintock
Q.135. The term gene was coined by------------ Johannsen
Q.136. genetically active area of chromosome is called---------------- Euchromatin.
Q.137. The genes are in the form of----------- Sequence of nucleotide.
Q.138. What are those structures that appears as beads-on-string in the chromosomes when viewed
under electron microscope -------------- Nucleosomes.
Q.139. What would be the number of chromosomes of the aleurone cells of a plant with 42 chromosomes
in its roots tip cells-------- 63.
Q.140. Experimental verication of the chromosomal theory of inheritance was given by---T.H.Morgan.
Q.141. The chromosomal number in the meiocytes of housefly is----------- 12.
Q.142. structural element of chromatin is---------------- Nucleosome.
Q.143. Some genes in bacteria and virus may code for more than one polypeptide, they are called as------------------------ Overlapping genes. .
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