‘About the Authors Dr. S, Uahrishns Pla CSITHARAT, 31 ~Scoagar Lane, Thirevanathapursn 1695025, Ker hyde Eapterng edusin atthe University of Kern apd (Gwen's Unversity, Canin He has git a Collage of Engineering ‘Thrswanambaparan: Queers Unive, Canada; Unita of Suliman, ay ‘Royal Miltary College of Canada apd REC, Clint His major research inte he boen ne ata of Line Stats Deng af conete sete, Strength ad Sahity of steel Boam-Colamas apd Rehabil of suc He alo has wide ‘exprcnce dsign and consration of varios RC Stature. Dr Pilla has publaned ver 45 tcl papers, are the book Reinforced {Conrete Design (teGrew till Ryerson, Cana), co-authored Ch 8 ~ Beam Calanns of SSRC Guide 10 Sabilty Design Criteria for Metal Sirctres Ga ‘iley & Sows, New York) and coniibte 1 the dsgn provision for Be {Colinas in te Canadian Sadar S161" See! Sucre for Bling (Lind ‘Stars ‘Desa. We as received Several svards, melding Ker Univers ‘Shoaship for Fist Rank, Canaan Conmonvesth Scholes, Architect Egnering Divison Gold Med (VE, Ind), St Artur Cat Memorial Prise (Eni), UP Government National Nar, and Fellow of NRC, Cana Dr Devilas Memos a bis vl enginering ection aT Maas a IT Dei Soon afte pation he worked a sacral engine at New Deland ater ook tomadeniet He spree Profesor inthe Depart of Ci Engiceing st of Meno has authored samerois technical publications and has reehod ards related to rescarch and aching. Hs eurent reser reso Engines fe manly in Reinrced and Prestressed Conces Deion (emecily bales, ‘honeys and water aks) and Stuer! Reliability. The exer are heed ‘oars solving practical pobles and improving atonal odes an snc. Prof Menon promotes aholitic approach o eda ln whieh “awakesing” has «cata alot ply. He ithe autor ofa book ile Sop sesp- wating rough ‘Wel published ty Vog Impressions in 2004 Farmar formation vi woe dexdaenon com, Gover Fests Engineering Doton & Recor Cente, LARSEN & TOUBRO LTD, EC ‘Suton, Chenet — an fb warden concrete Stace (686 nF Stes. shapes eae wath wo wings, i he st Por supped en rb tenes ‘Stactral Censitons ERG, CAT Ls, ECC DWsion, Chena § Unnikrishna Pillai Folow, Amatean Sool of Cu ‘tector, Coopurate Aca of Profesional eaucaon, iva ‘Corer Pincpal Rogenal Engnaatng Cloge, Cale) {eal sual oven. com] Devdas Menon Plessr, Deparmont ot Cui Engieetng Iran ists o Tecnology, Madras, Choral 600 038 {emat:énenonaiom sein}Tnfrationcoethne i hie wok bs ba obtained by ‘aan McGrew fos source beled tobe stable However, ater" Tats MeGrawHl tar is sath ‘inane the actacy or campeenes of my infration lished herca, od reer Tetn MeGraet nor s thors shal be espn fr ny or tan, oF ‘enages arising out of ase of this norman. This work Is published wit the understanding that Tan Craw nd i uthors are sipping inomaion ot ae not ‘iempting_ to render engineering or othe profesion! Services, Ifauh sevice ae rege. he sistinoe of Syropiate profesional should be ough M4... MeGraw-i (©2003, 1098, Tea MeCrswl Publking Compoy Limit ith epi 2008 ‘No part this pabication ca be reproduced nay on ry any means witout the prior wen permision of th publisher ‘This ction can be exported fom Ii ony bythe polis, “Tans MeGroHil Publishing Company Lite ISBN 0407-06906 Published by Tata McGrail Pblsing Company Lit 7 West Patt Nagar, New Delt 110008, pet a Te New Roman at Ian tit of Tecnology, Mas, Cen 600036 and ‘Gopaljee Eateries, Delt 10 05 ‘Tin snl sition of Relosed Conrte eign bw been Weve ot antag Se'stn sesh it: 200 ea ad cal et ‘Shebonen ne Eldan cnn aio ee goed by men fe Sane Te cons a it con he bon Bony eee nope ‘sce utr pleted oor te many age Seve le es trae patton sup oft en» new per (cin 1, Special Sokend Topi) fa bees.” Mar ter eld io Seif cry rate te mal mc sh a sheer SSE ia Sear ces fr reo: Sg cng ae de ts hema an inne eng Sogo cnr ein el Wi ‘oe ale hs none le pcs none Come Seen ‘nly gce! stilghestn epee eae ian tone "hess i eerste weve! gas eed nt sew Ege or omer ay Howes, fe ig frie et ‘i hing coven sd Png Sent decioon satin, foci it cnr opin f fans en ee Sa te ‘Se hen at ens, ol dtiing od enantio ‘eee de wal bey ay wich me be ak inet al en eed die ea non RISE! pts wonder fafa le nk sod Motearcrt pga oe wach nd paca nes “tok ean onspas Ct an sent onfa lcs tran i peso teint noc Rf sling Sve quan eel Wt ead a ch dpe son «beg nber a thovotve worked So An sth lo ols ah awe wal bpe te)ean te nd ofa chapter Reve chp ees oe) Iie nce ie chro pee the ay “ho mth acknowl soc doy Me Ba Site Kiso Me Sai RNa Me by Aen ti of TET Ma nner oe henge oi eis. er > ‘iro re egy ey en bo, (i it wens ees oe pr ky tion Pasa “i bosk iy a rr ook, ens Reine Conc Desi RSS y SU Dw koko pbtied by MeCie) yews GEIS ons, wrest oni 985 Teac eA bokn Case (CS ret ce a Seppo) o oe te ane fo eran cere wn ache eon Ti ws owt ic ce eee cena cg ue os cs mc rc a ‘See cing et, whch ifr tam cou cour, Some ees TShirt eet nee Cnn Sar) eggs ee Manoel ent nan Senso ewe ai ‘hin Mees Now Dl se aly ged de sng, Tis Boks Tiattm eho pcmgings thong be bse faa eer oot wat Safar esse fv tah i "Th bok bos sie cao, with cove, or en ewe al he funder opened sot pm. iin cote Far Cee Gnd Dg sl Coen Forrest Soci Protea for Eashgte-ess Deven ane crac er cs ph un ua proviso 8 86:17 eS chatyan cnpac wt fey oe wire vit. Th cma her uve panne sons he ond ee ip flint ser den flame i ook — i ses heat eg ce, ol ne a eo Tr we of Yelle wing orm in ova our mse (Geez cing a eat» eenioa examiaton nets took, sh dst cous We ezine ing of ner of Avecame) ond fs saniut Te coins on plc nda fun The mus ge acess oe Il epaione wcrc sca eo pre oe ego cee comet min Soni wen! ‘Stat et afer cts ota ik eres ‘Se i el of oh ae Bere — bl sence a me Ane Ding 4 op ong of fale apron a on ft ‘ino e uct ong ake we fleeing io “actris' ithe fm a oro ae et at apse ‘ia pcg deg ay ran Sone pel “dine ee ‘Sine ee nt on ever Te ev ts ne Sic bee exe one te an tr gn sy fe utes Sree auc” Henkoy ato ess ie wef” P1610) ted ye rt ei Sani) ta WR. fond we, a st tly tweed The sts te ahnonfdg ti ceo von ene pray Bre fon Snr otto! ater athens ene hs fk ‘Asp ord of tn ees Po ug tie eee ‘ep te sng fos Te na con ee pao ‘ky colons, se, analy men, we coed ‘aking bok pon, "he sues wee sppestes fa ede fo inrving is bok in ay “Ti a decease of cnet engin. moe Ha ephemeris ne ses ooh ar ‘Devs Mee Proof the Sacond Eston v Preface tthe Fst Eton “ 1. REINFORCED CONCRETE STRUCTURES. 1 14 odeton + 12 Plan and Retford Coneete 4 15 Objects of Structural Design 7 14 Rentread Concrete Construction 8 15 Structural Systeme 8 1 Relnforead Concrete Bultange 9 181 fer ontore 1 413 Lioel aed Reseting Sours 10 “UT Structural Analyte and Design 21 2, BASIC MATERIAL PROPERTIES co 24 Introduction 25 211 Conon Taney 254 ome 2 25 sage af ator aro Hi eam et torte worse 24 Mocaeeaeeronante if Some ss tain 1 te eeu e id graeme 26 threo Soereenea Sideroeera Elsen 1g samen Gome mee ta cononat 2 ed ore 24, Ssarstongnd nto Sah 230, behav Conte yder Combined Steens 8 2103 Sonou vn Tan Caonen £8 231. Groep af Concrete 8 242 Gidarefereep so ° B13 Fann immo Cap 67 2is4 CeoponmaontrCobpr 57 212_Shrinkage and Temperature ects in Conctte 57 2122 Teepe ete 249 Durabiy of Concrete 58 2131, tvonmael Eos Coins nd Cade aman 6 232 Porm Coat EYAL Goran of oiang Soe 65 £244, Reitoreing Stel 65 BAS BesStan eine or 215 Ut of Relevant indan Stands 70 Review Questions 72 Reterencas 74 BASIC DESIGN CONCEPTS. ” 184 tntoduition 77 p41 Deeg Consoontons 77 S12 Stag oops 72 22. Working Sess tothod (WSU) 78 82. linate Lond tet UL) 80 {36 Probable Anayse and Design 60 45. Lint states thod (LSM) 6S 338 Uitte lanes Fat: Got Fomat 6b ‘358 Poa Slay Pac roms! ‘48, Code Recommendations fr Limit tates Dstgn 87 482 Saas esta Canc oo 4182 Sod sree cv Cote 62 EE Bus Sons San Cuneta 592 Review Questions 53 References 96 4 BEHAVIOUR IN FLEXURE 95 4 Irroductin 95 "Lt Toate of oles: Aa ad Dey 2 ‘2 Ethdtgtonne ar tam Secure a8 453 Romina ono o Fn Sees 37 {42 Toor of Fonure for Homogensous ates 87 4122 Diouimor Sores 87443 Liner Elastic Ass of Compost Sections 89 182 Conte tromtomes actin 10 448 Hogue ae ana Greckng Wament 101 “441 Mota Rana Conte 1! 422 Tete stag So 02 485, Cacimatiomet S00 5 Flexural Behaviour a Relnoved Concrete 105, $82 Uonrtiee Sted {53 Stoeetcadg Lm Sect Cote 108 48 Anatysis at Service Loads (SM) 112 421 Snr ee ecg ne 12 463 Kiwi Sendrgtsmer 18 468 Att Sigh Rrtocnd Pong Sats 12 485 ras tay aan ‘47 Anais a Unt Lint Stato 134 471 Asuna neal fo 23 dronaet Gon ara! gre 474 ‘Analy ol Sey enone’ Penged Saas a7 $28 ees uy Reventon 1 ‘78 Sumnd Om Merve: Sato 18 ‘48 Avaiysis of Slabs as Rectangular Seams 160 41 Tansee Moers One ay Se 1) Review Qunstons 163 Problems 164 teroness 167 5, DESIGN OF BEAMS AND ONE-WAY SLABS FOR FLEXURE 169, 5.3 Inroducton 160 5. aero eoane o state EE aces. £5 name nes Coe a Rarer et a $2) Siancemarmce 2, 54 Guidetine tor Sotction of ember Sizes 72 822 Ganwal Guanes tr Sub Tinos 100 {543 Ooi Boe ané se suns 189 138. Design of Singl Rlnorced Rectangular Sections 181, 182. Design Cher br Srongh an Beacon Cont 165, 58 Design of Continuous Ona'ay Siabe 109 36 Syeda rant ota 10 17 Design of Doubt Reinorcad Rectngutr Sections 167 1" baton arse 07 572 Baath Poca hen 19 |58. Design of Flanged Beam Sxctons 222 ‘Sa TanavaneRariocoyentin =m 208 E82 Doon rem 20 59. Curamant of Flexral Tension Reintorcament 210 "That Gua Pe 210 2 feat on Fst Sit Pres 212 503 Skee Barren 2 5b Sonangalbos 29, Probes 222 Reteencas 228 6. DESIGN FOR SHEAR, 63 rroduetion 225 62. Shaar stroaos in Homogeneous Rectangular Bese 228 (3. Baheviouraf Rentoroed Concrete under Sheer 28 at dota ach 228 53 Star Furnes 2 4. Nomina! Shea Sess 236 (84 Mowry nom dep 236 822 moon Vey Oop 234 {65 Cites Seine for Shear Design 298 {88_Deslgn shes Sanath without Shear Reinoremont 208 165 tion oa ec an Gnapn Sea Seg 24 157_Design Shas Strength with Shear Renforesmnt 242 2 Rls Coreg Ure Su actane 268 75 Cones rate Shor Rete874 SpurRoeanes Wop erie 28, Efe ERE elo comen 247 1876 finn Sus Reese 200 668, Adatioral Comment on Sheer Reoorcement Design 240 19 Interface Shar and Shoar Fiction 251, (92 Pacormondeon riots Shear Tensor 24 {610 Shetr Connatorsn Fleur! Members 256 “6101 Steer shng tr Pare 225 6:11 Shor Design Examples — Conventional Method 257 Revlow Questions 263 Reternces 268 7. DESIGN FOR TORSION 261 7 tnvoduction 267 172. Equliogum Torson and Compatty Torsion 267 ‘Tat easton Tosor 203 728 Eclat Trl Stes 270 173. General Bahaviour in Torsion 271 ‘Fat Banoo Pas Core 271 78 Behl teams wy over eben 273 174 Dealgn Strong in Torsion 278 74%” Dani Torso Seng tat Yon attocanar 24 582 See Teron Sergn ah Tes exer 277 3 Ste gm 9 fortonGotinod we ue 20 744 Siti Sarge Torso Sore mo Show 282 7.5, Anaiysi and Design Examples 208 Review Questions 201 References 208 8, DESIGN FOR BOND 295, 84 Intodueton 295 £13 Foo pos Band (82 Fexural Bond 207 1824 tect Fra Cac cn nel Bn Sess 206 128. Anchorage (Dovelopment) Bona 238 ‘a4 Devanpmat sn 200 198. Bond Falla andl Bond Strength 201 545 oso nent Sond Soh 05 185, view of Code Requvamons for Bond 805, 23 ait lancer kchsoee 6 {6 Sing of Reinforcement 808 BEE Waal Sces ondMacanal Comactos 310 7 Design Exampioe 3 Revlon Questions 314 Probems 216 ANALYSIS FOR DESIGN MOMENTS IN CONTINUOUS SYSTEMS, a7 24 Intosuoton 347 342 Mltattots tos Ea onal Maron Redebuton 220 192. Graviy toed Patars fr Meximam Design Mements 321 05" econ tame moses 3 322 Sesgntonensin Cums 83 28. Simplified Approximate) lstod of Analysts 226 23), Moment Goer Crsanse ove unde ry Lo, 24 $92 Succi arte funny cute ot 53 Sheed atari ond oes 22? 8, Proportoning of Member Sa orPraiminaryDetgn $28 195 Estinaton of stesso of Frame Elen 390 195 Adjustment of Deelgn Blomant at Beam-Clumn Junctions 33% 97 mastic Malate ane Moment Redisttbuton 804 47 utara 2 325 SauTRtceeortone ono a 28. Design Examples 245 Review Questions 883,Probes 353 Reteencas 255 10. SERVICEABILITY LMT STATES: DEFLECTION ANO ‘oRACKING 67 02 tnroston 357 102 Serlosoily Lin States: Datletion 358 1023 Biome nec Preto of ott 250 143. ShartTorm Detetions 360 “at Date eee Tey 360 {039 Tyme Stony ea St 1054 Et Soanghtoneter es 92 {1036 Shecke Crone Pra 6 1987 Anal So Tom Oven aos Lv Lane sn 73 104 Long-Term Detection 390 1941 Bateson Dun sel Sage 281 $043 Bolacton ec Yampa cs 27 ‘had Ghia on Tol Oaocon 300 105 Seroraity Li State Cracing 291 128! CacegnartcndCme aa 91 1083 Foca nano Crewe 23 198 Esranon of Cahn uc ret nd Coos Teron 4988 ‘Thema nd Steger 08 evan Questions 412 Problems 613, Retrences 615 11, DESIGN OF TWO-WAY SLAB SYSTEMS ar 11, ioauston 497 TE] Greenday potas Ste 7 138 Shinn aS ‘Steps Suse top oreo ‘r 112, Design of Wak Support Two-Way Slabs 422 122 eooar of ae ot 1128 item incotend Srey Support Rectang Sae 113 Designo been Supported Twoy Sab 458 1131 Bahoder of buon Spo Sa 88 Ceres ies ce Sept ono Bans, 1193 Ski Spend rn Cna Unt 08 Ne Ihe equmon rai Const ‘14 Design of Colum Supported Sab without Beams) ‘under craily Loads #60, 1:41" So Pw tent Ese ame Core 0 2 Popotonny Si esas, op Parl nC en 462 1iR3 Stir antonars Cums Geri oy 115, Dect Design Method 468 122 Tal Degen a span 70 1129 Lengua tt ol Deng Maer 1134 Kept shorensn on Se Sw Se ae He Seornmettpetion ie 187 [enerr Cau sn atin oat «8 {2 Samhain sy Ss Sons a Ree eae 420 11.6 Equant Frame tatod 481 ‘a1 Egat Maret dr 6 145 lating Pare 1144 oun ome Sabdoan tents 402 15 Basgn rans Goes oon sane Been £04 117 Relfrcamant Dean Colm Supprted Twoay “tg Sew noun agra weiesoe ug Soinmrskae 11.9 Design Examples of Colurn-Supported Twe-ay Sabe So¢ Review Questions 526 Preblame 629 Reterncos 521412, DESIGN OF STAIRCASES 599 124 troduction 653 i 122 Types of Stareaste 598 | 1231 Gone Corte 685 1223 Shad Coceuson 5 129. Loads end Load Etecte on Sta Sabs 540 | 82 Biss 1235 (Baan try tone Sous Cones tt 1283 Ulan esos eae 52 1288 UES Bc tune 2 et ae 124 Design Examplo of Sa Slabs Spenning Transverse 547 128 eagn Examples of Sn Slabe Spenning Longtudaly 862 Review Quesvons 562 robeme 562 References 564 48, DESIGN OF COMPRESSION MEMBERS 565 104 bntrouetion 565 14 meet ots Bd on Typo asa 5 {313 Scthemon ot Gouums toot on pest nay 28 {R45 hsahcalon of Sars Bacd en Soares ito 268 142 Eelmatin of Efective Length of Column £48, ‘24 Dart Eee nan S60 ‘S23 Ei a es etn oat Cans 70 $225 Ese ar tose counes toe 78 182. Cose Requirements on Slendornoes Limits, imum Esowntel 14mg of Shor Coane ong al Compression tet Ba Seer tr Son de a {3:44 Bape Grong thy ands Stor Cotes 290 188 Design of Short Columns under Compresion wth A Une! Benang 298 1355 Secon era toga ion 507 38% Rate trays Sven ooo {355 Aenea mentor Bruns Dan Ado 18. Desigh of Short alums under Asal Compression th Since! Bening 625 $383 REMLEE Siceora sty tones coum 27 {385 Woe Retac eee cea cosced Cae zt 137 Design ot Slander Columns 634 “21 Barmera Canes 64 $343 SOs tray of sen cote Srcon 099 1253 Geintaoodres wr Oveprat Ser ours 30 Review Quoatone 640 Probar 680 eterncos 689 414, DESIGN OF FOOTINGS AND RETAINING WALLS 685 te ten 8 {ea tate < cereie 1) Saar 2) Guha? «th son rina ats 69 1) Rae oo 12) SEBS Shang os ste caren ss eon 1 oc n rbas oS ie Gerearesner ay 3 Sees & if ee eee 1s EE Feacom on if Ieee 105 on ered n a Foss 8 {te meena ase so eee eS So ye se ete arm 22 Spica eran 140 pens eng sane bn 14 Gat Proasure an Stabty Requirements 705 TARE. cto Suchoge ona Level Bat 7081484 Sing romrenans 70. 1435 Sotecump nese Reman 71, 149: Proportonng and Design of Cantilever ana Counter Wale 1682 Perotregansbeemn Seas Cun tere 1889 ‘Prpononng and eng cers of Cafe Wal 78 Review Questions 745 Problems 74 Reterences 747 15, GOOD DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES 749 152 troduction 789 S.1 Senso Fars 750 1.12 Ranson for Bung Fas 781 1813 Stace! mogey 957 162 Design ana Dealing Practices 752 152 Renowement Layout 78 1322 Desh Oreos 754 1828 Gonstucson Deas Comoros and special sustons 754 1824 Seam wd Cour Jes gd Fredonia) et 1828 Gongcton Joma 762 1826 Bar Supons ond over 704 1827 Detecton Cone! 765, 153 hetrale and Construction Practices 768 184 summery 767 Review Questions 768 Peternces 769 16, SPECIAL PROVISIONS FOR EARTHQUAKE-RESISTANT Desion ™ 163 tnrosuction 771 162 Importane of Dutt in Salemie Design 772 162) Monee ty 72 4825 Fons vidnpin Panes ale 97 183 jr Ossign Consserations 778 1691 Goer Omron Oates 775, 1885 Branson Sumes 78 Review Questone 782 Reterences 799 17, Seloctod Special Topics 8 1741, Dasign 6 Soar by Compretson Fad Tory 798 {i} econ aso 1213 StesSnan Rete CagonayCacad Con 1714 does Seon Modes Comptes Fol Thea 78 1718 Smpises Gon Poceaue ang Medfed Compression Fall Thor 15 1718 GBA ota ar Sea One by Compson 1747 Gane Sear an Trion 172 Design Using Stat nde Wade et 17 Fe Resiatanco ¢22 1782 Fors whch ence Fe Restanco Ratings of RC oscar 8, sas CoseRequreanis tot Probie 628 Review Questions 626 Peterences 827 APPENDIX A: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN AIDS 9 Tete JAALYSIS ADS (Nf Sh svcd Retr Dn ‘ioe ot nub @Pa er en ai 1 iz 124 cence nen to (5 tS ts Cone See at ato 2 ALALSIS ADS St Sry rnd Rene Bean Seto, "nos Mai iP br rene a) en cnc oe 22 (8) SMS Cont Gee 5vena ov tn Rv en Bt ‘som genamta i Wscncan an igs Sons sf twtoas npn rec a Sat ‘aratiactmians xe SSS ete rete tot on TS Ser ant [APPENDIX B: GENERAL DATA FOR DEAD LOADS AND LIVE 063 LOADS “ribo. DEAD LOADS — Uk Wolo Some MofoeCanponas 3 “aa 82 LVELONDS en Fibs 085 ‘able LIVE LOADS on Rots 065 “Table HORIZONTAL LNELOADS on Parapet 8S nox 27 14 wrrooUeTION ‘uaa ty of ered coveted eis cy with hie uma oe by ches aaling wth denn. Tats Bok paar Se hom ur comands rth scat hare ton vei Serafin ee ie en no a "Rosy hi cape ge gel inden enforced cnet ad ‘ tpcnion ts xl alo of scl ghee one vrei, nd eins ts Stale recone aap n ‘ae. “tice i con acta ar dob, wel. ut, ow ‘Sonora ncn ain Sct ome dy ‘Son rs ads is lw pene ges Pe Sseieaom bang race ams erry, pp enka fobs cean owe kas Sd sl, ce costo et en oi te ut Smmony sl esas er one a of Spots ou fr every ving mae ing Mn sos oma ‘itp merino eoeer ui ‘rer of se ype xl of mitre comets acres sh a gicis. Pat te dey he fae err may Reel pan hg en ict rect) sce! Th een wil owls er is linn|U2. PLAN ANO REINFORCED CONCRETE Con eid (Rt 12 ay mas mde He eof 2 eng ett be gly obacd (sehr vena Cee see uh) ave nit wc canbe et 8 neyo ‘Set hie ea, Tc imps seg 10-1000). Ti, Ta) tema "sbengih’s» apponinatly onetemh of is 122 Reinforced Conor cae tas Cone confer coe’s iy oa eon ‘eeay leg up a he teen wow spe om he cee Me Gon me fend tec ol a he srg cote cme ae mii be ay po oa a rg seis ie asin hn such fllere wo fanny, be proce by ge SELEAR acy on yeltg so ty tong ample wong of Srpeinaape ‘leek eo acest pia ote pone Les pret ae cour Eo) he ssn Sons ange eng dene ‘Seer i alot x tosay wa However ep en eng “ap east un an tthe wy tbe lng he a ta ne ih an are {fect Wie wal eens sn for lve! [Be KE he lb 0 Noch unscented he See Tense Got for it por eb by heel ey fas. ‘Grey Sate cin rt onan one see wel eet st ae omy ser) yen le eet ogg mmc noo! tw othe epson sc be Conan mea tttttt o ert (0) commvounaton Fg: 12 Waksippons da ters eam Supported Sib Syste "Tir si he wept ah yt xcept he Bor tre apptelon be Gs ofr) toe eet oat 3h ‘Sete nae ater (110), to ps aig fon m0 73m Ts ‘von cml pd nigh ean conan od a owe ‘Froet sevae Te tytn eg ce te sate mtd to ‘Saige eeu o eae. Te arr ich ae ec comet ‘he cot Gang te frome) ae cle privy Dea oie ‘cam em che spre oo ty os, ty mba my) ‘ounce canary bo igs 11000. Ete be ery ol er en femelle, on he da pyres bose tet wn, tw wal sponse ath ye {SRS‘Sosny one De L003, png he pl nse toe ite baw fsily Ban eto decent ae wo oe rail tl il ints et Demon Wiee» ee rmbt of o-oy ‘Sen Dw vd peal i'd Go wh a luge clar ee ‘fen fe 1100), hse oly eto te seme be a eae ‘Soham supine ey ai \ (@ otsoeamaagrnet sd Fg. 130 Bxarsippated ens enero covers runes ‘ibe Sab System “Ti ea pel peo gl er” abou ss, wi he eat iy tS i Spc des fe 13 ma. Toe ne a taco ote tan eee riepias ec oie e ce The iste ied Se owsay or imoroy fee (1100 pel ea, ‘Showphrece come apse eer = Fa 319) Oneny re ta at ‘ose ite de ae os calle wl at, Aone he ers oc pcm gral prom pe es er wal. Ses pe omar ‘ae ml ska fr iegoned boing Wate Sa, wed gop nme yt nck nica, he abide al me ‘atone oh chan ‘tate Stor rte Sor aa gpa ayo ie sm, witout he rie of ‘a ee epee) any em ee See apg pny econ ps, Bc ‘Sechelt ns nt tric, scaled fl ple, actly eich lpi nt evel omnes ci set St soe) fr Ia ue, op ae es ae Se casa. Teena is yep opty mI feb, ‘ene nso ing cone?1g. 1.2 Papa sya ‘at lab Sytem “hs sa eset comp to may dies (Ry 131, i ape a Te eins The Tue ple at we ified mar te Sl ee ey oer rp pace ‘stn xa” Goch = ery SRLS Lethe comes) Compared te it pit wen he it sb ‘Shc ale rg eds nd are s,s ft enced eps 20SEine er sed nig monet near prs Te li tes in aan ee Sm area) Anon th Yun or ten he fant ne wh gis eno per a 133 a tm 4.82. Verte! roming System ‘Arment ei be ve Eig stents te i a td a ‘BE toon oars hese etl te odo od yond ‘ow the faniy on mas op of «teens fame of bare ree aoea "For toelocs we ny dee fae ene ae Focclite wens tl ghia So of be all Tete ed canoe san vers aang ast compe vi ‘Taw ae sce sat lene, whos oscil ges ey te pee fen Sci by he a ‘ee Eh ean oe om cel win, yh fete cof yt en ne SRLS ates of mre The nom ee es SPE conueson contin! vith i ning mm we densby ume mon” gy and rl ade These nd te amore ‘eutedin erty fel ig nce, gk meng cane ot 5a ay wilh ih ect wen op 06 perc of tne we) ‘guy oped ne coe, mnie be close nso seston ‘Sve os beate Ge th or rey hen ‘kamen tency eb ere appre ego eeu {rong aye e Bean Suvi, te cm Sl Be ep ad ne ma Wate ‘hee vere nel, mae many eineced conc They we aed Irwin wae tain sel foe sage gery Tne ‘sere 1 sh wal hey mle et ral ea ink nd conga he dic frente cece tng as es fe 125i to 20m over, sha aly be once er noe ora oft bdag Te wal wand eh eo ing sce Transfer Gidore ns lings eter ling ch ge olen ee pc ‘ured mo nee Baur Le bngucomentae Bt fh by, ‘pong ese Tasch eo th ec! ou erin leet (cms, beg so te sera not eed coi owt eg ove ore ‘lise io, Thr rote cate eed ty pang ry fey ‘sd rouge gen she depts eed on fl ee) [REL The ‘octoey ohne tras shre oe cmter pide td tte de ‘reheat pr, a het a pe Git tombe a1. Ue evant ghee Suspencers Tete ae ere sot wo map oor ens he cee Spe supe» uate tg fom son ance cones ee (PETS) "Sect sea een her se oe pao (ae ces Anger, tc Fc be ened i de oi mene Set nes ep vy ea te Ree eo ns ors ppd ‘yt ane vlc creer ym tee meee ncn uns or Ven pe ab er B12). Fi 138 Leet anperon my be ee the veil lene ow ing ine ig, Sao sett sgende, sing sos fe ee dh hc pain Beis ps “V&a) Lalas Lond Resting Systeme ‘lt mje et ol prt ln nt ote lcs (Gnow wa an aus) per ol tales an oer len tine sacra san eaten “Tee poly conor of colon a Fg. 1) an Thee By fect Sons ely he iis a he tex “scl she penton i ein emt, Tay ‘ier (ace isan) alot "gel fone cise Oe es oe ais ‘bo fg in jo il” coca sha mya West at‘hey lado he sae aon vr hain oat I te ee tbe “at ie aa ence we ha com ‘suman hed recnig sen badagy wtp 13 090 i.e & (0 4 (0) sanpareon oben sysine 196 i tng ans ‘Shoar we ‘hte eal wl, wich ey etn overt al sgt the lng. Tey Ire cuwaly leas ae Wsnme cr tence walls oe a0 ey nel tag te toes ewcon fa bang. lh sextet (Genital ry Te mate ae yl beg come Sh Sd ofS a eT): my mt yee “owas wnt co-cing em sig te he be tien foe ty moe Baw tem, dere he ea ds tee {teen pons appenyThe arco beeen the sea al ade ‘Biss su unognye te wl enh ne mn felenerSeeo whe le Am esl aterm In thse see Ue TIC ameter nal syne ego corel eg {oa i reo LI) 13 Tobee “These ees ins elspa canes we oad long te py cng” ane! mad heuer tine of eg {Enedok esa ayant al ods (116, When Brac) Rom ines conte on ter be (ra eal ea Co) Oe ‘cms lol taketrtabe. Wen Ss rca ph fe ung os Be Lice wy wpe ‘ingens eo he ryt ab on ppcice bs mt |U7- STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN ‘scent i work fact ese amy des Toop gs option mer foibles le When» wnat ‘les see soso sacral abs so sttual dsp (Serr fees se ote mal ao Te eo ee eer se ea ni gen eli oars hare Si ny Ed dc 1 SEE etn an pics tyr sca elements oa foown anc s pony des pay rue. TH122 eswencen cones nei aera ea eo ni cai el 4 cy snide te sop ete bnk However, nan spent in ay 8 ernie yen oe edad no he eo ie, Exposure to Construction Pratcas Jn refed cot aces, cantructon prc eo gem he ln nlf crest ndentng ef eg ot we ne le prov fone expe 9 cone twrty ok sad sls 118 DESIGN CODES AKO MaNOBOOKS 1.83 Purpote of Codes in lig de er um cen cis w dos {e clactre wid of xg sar capt aed oe te yn These lc te psy iad tbe he tbe tn cave ed, ‘Sat ese, “The coe ve les fur dont ons Fly. ey nae alu sal a by seeing eam evened Senay, ny rene af pe ney sgl ee ‘ett mays emai n fn ge aos ea ‘Thay oe eos ena meme f eomisan) nog eet ages "Sesh ve sane pl yn ht thy ns te asl eg ‘i ee rca “VBP Basle Cod tor Design “Th en pct, deer a hi sks te olin Islan cod ined comes en, ped bye Pat on Sey Now elfen - Cade of practice (at “scot hence fi 0 th Cott eat t fw [loans eso cn sno man cos, tae ACE 1S BS BG, SheANT Ata aul Bode herrea 1489 Lesaing tandores “oc oo cli fr raul deg ne spe ne olin lodng 18 #5 Pats 15) +1987 — Case of pfx des a ter a hu) fr bategr andor te i) art Dead ace Part geet i ns Par 3: Wil ase Par 4: Siw de Part Spline oud coabinaons 5158 008 ie or neon in fe (out an) 184 Design Handbooks “The Hc aie Ste a ho le owing hist, wich tare at utd splenos t 19E eon of te Case Along Upad ebg ne wi h ecetyeved 200 "eu he Caley the van oto ob ral pei WM ‘atest pn rong) ‘0 16: 160 — Dein Ads fo Reno Conse S46: 197E S21; 1d — Erp ann a8 45" 178 SSp.34; 187 — Hahn Coe ere aDetang [5°29 1982 — Desi of Coco Mn 1.85 OMerRolted Codes “hte ever cd he Senger may ned ae 1. The cs ung wit al species meng i el a een of Cape 2 ‘Gp of ts bea sae wt ps ey prove ete cate ‘ean dea ated cnc artnet epee 1S Lap: 199 — Dose dong of one eno seid ‘eae. Ce de desing with dain of pc secs, cha que ‘tcc, ed pn ty chor rl hen‘REVIEW QUESTIONS "What eos do ou mb ocr gg te Fhe ms wie ‘otcecon ta? 12 ‘The comer fet ead coi ell town, Cs icmp wren carina lee ree 13 Me en sl Te 1) i oe 14 Arete cae caepy sa dnl se 2 canoes, une onsen. rts enon eo fv dee peed set ‘erly of he uci yop pow te Hee ee of he ‘tne st sn spn plas Conc ne proon 15 Whore maintycet cn desi? 1S ines edn ep fc si, 1 Ding bees ated seen a a onl 1 Contes pet toc cost ain yr in. ey he saci ems net te an ney 19. Gaiters ABCD wih Geos (AB and) An ik file ne is Ah ho om ‘pyres arly bac ol 1003 ss ey is ‘ein ta ec ne bse map, etn develo S018 (Geil, 306 forum OH moment Was Pap. f Ibo tegmental es ag eae ao Bel ey ft BC ese CD ne ns ed ated noe bag REFERENCES. 1M Men PK. ac Movi P.M Caer Mera, Pape and eer oti, aan Cs ate, am 12 Note AM sad Brat 1), Cone Tog, BBS ion, agin Lane, er, Couey, Th Sl Bude, ne, Londo, 18 Saba Hele My Sree in Archie,” Pesce Iori 18 1s cM at of Cave Berg, Scotti, (Vas Nota (o,f York, CS, Pst Dann Det 1s Wi GA mar Set Sc 1 Wen, Wa Gr, 1M, Manse Aa of rome Stee, Send ‘stn Vin Nd CN a 88 1a Gg Poin. Ds of Snes, Sad tion 19 Teh Src ea ef al ig Me es oie a tees ; SS set a wiaiieae terme mes aug prove a es ise, ahr tan st became te et ‘tt. Coneate Tchnoloay Sing, Bred hn means a em sei eee toed ‘end nyt ec ye forte me esi nae a en of et sce eg iba 8 AS one cao le ten eh et cy, ee rene es to NA Ee a sm become chor (oetoaomecn2 renronces concn oes04 “Cont opi coupe jot ie ad he ene viedo nl stl extoos on sino (Ret 21.22.29] vat ‘he lwing scone tt en ote aig eit rag ot ‘greens vd pecs) ae diced owed byt Cel Snsipon 9 rote oft aso ins ed 22 cement net ay be dbl nial wih eve nd ses pope ta ‘at cp of bong mic eens gpg) scant he {Re 21a poet ims tenga diy oe te! mt fae cnc The ene tlg ef come nce eae nent sat, tca yee ep sng emily is ‘fier nena hint oe eel Irate tt ee ‘aa roe The oda natn fam cas ene ess ‘it Sone segue mr ed me fe ld pcs ce Secon ine “he cone pe br conse) ley on ace {Fatal lof “he ma nkexpon snd ep tn been ‘steno feet pe Serco he ccna) et, te ger rpg pen np ut he sey yo te Medd cmt ek ht Recep “The aye Sreypeezin geht hh lof pi go ‘te vld acm ep wih ewan pode kg aca yn ome “ 22: Porlond Comente ‘Tee sot common pe fal cee we th mac cea ‘oma onan comet ich waa nou fry "ort emt ns pede Engl in 1894 mt 0 ned ce ‘yen eae + hatte rit fe Dar) "orn! sa ‘eto eet deb beng psi, eat [OC one axe (ite xm sof msn orca) ie le on Sn mac yw Sah hg engi cams ial ow ioe polit ety? tease ee spin a a oer sees ‘Site inert ee jor conpn it, sen Sows (3) ca set (8), cam ‘Seine (A) an crcl sane (CAT). By ahr te cae [Boor of eer cmos ncn spi at fled Sper of Fond amet, ih tec pope, conte mode Fo nce ‘trae uprons nf CS aa Cs coat oh eal ase on he nay, a eet opr of C3 ars aay dere of ap ie pec mt a yen, ha seg Re. ‘ating hsv contact a canted ss opr “he fay ano te owing eof Pol eet eed Wy be oie 48:20 Oranary Porand Cement (OPC) — psy wane 9 tee dent ote Cc saps nrg) we C35, Cl nd 83, sono 1826 105,112: 1989 as Tn 7 vagy. Te mbes fet camp hacen) cnn of a ‘mote In gual eoree onan whe sen 60 aril ‘seen Gch spon ule sc) ‘pi Hardening Potand Cement (°C) — conning 8 8041; 1998 6 tire OFC esta tase Caer a pod ore i [sien scton weap eer eng std fe ae ‘wate cy ra). Portland sig Camont SC) — snoring 014519, me by ae ang Port cme cae snd psa lama sn ok rs ‘edu te maui of pir. ty hgh spe estan ‘nig sil ee oom exp 9 ape fae a ‘posse ‘ortand Pozzolana Coments (PPC) — fash has ena hy bad, ferent to Par sd 18 189: 1, as ono ‘Fmuoue ah ced ly) mal alive aig la he [lutte get cep dh cement lees "The Soe yds ln enh cay dandy ad ene oer ring ee econ Ig pera. Tiy tiesto fs soning) wat wo 1 oat ton dated ‘iytrophoble Portand Cement (HEC) — cooing 18806: 194, ‘Seine by str lng Penal cme ih O04 foto fk cl at ‘Sere The yon (eter sau prop tema ‘recep fm ose pi fee Daig Se ing feo "7 em ae gh i in Seon 261 gr ae CRC site mind nse ron mane tpt ton gr wee eng gel ronnie Tr oe ‘pathogen cues me oct th aoe ar cais fm ton, by i yor mm ton eke pce. ‘igh cy sg ft oma! rb ao weet ieee sl pi nn ce, Low Hest Portand Cement (100) — cofening 18 12600: 1989, i end conn ith ely wer cow of fe mom py aig moun fl Cy. The proc tyrant sow th FF, dh ‘Stet hetero, Th dee mm coro ot ‘pny duce thi he eco ho o atin cn te es ‘Sting Howcer eu fe swe mt of cong, one ean ‘tld en inter nsach a srep onal! ones ee Sulphate Resisting Portund Cement (SEFC) — ewforin wo IS Taso 9 Prin! came with ay ow GS sd pom Ser the NC. Thsoenn "nip sean Pee Ge Sampaio of cme ‘Sly ee vocton GA inbred omen wi spn rm ie ie Src i steely ma fr we eer acter cated suit woe ip ne rose Nowe, cn eth nde at he eo ‘Sancicncbenf aoe nee Sloe ree Portand Wit Comet (4 — oie 1 26 19. Pd Cereal cnr ny Sine fre penn rl ight cine Sims's sen pena heen ec ea ‘ita pies pcr ome wil ser hr ero Spends Ott my ke es paps Beans erly so sins po ye feed vem ne he co tere ethan verte sas ch se oer ai grown granulated bles furnace sag, " he ae min me oe lig ml em ‘Somat — ty rveson of mil sac Howee, ewe se ‘Sons hb ions wpe ee. High Alumina Canont (INC) ot alunos cant — conkring 615 ‘15 or ey ate et campo oe Pela cee The ate ‘tale Semcon ta ich en lh gh ‘Shee nan incon Sat i a gon ets sin ck ‘piu nl sane Glut we we pict commeniod mane “ono show ehh a of ne devopaen Superauphated Cement) — css 1 8 60D : 190, ic me by Me 090-55 pce of gd! Sot rnc ig wit 1013 cto dct tyson sab $ pct orth cman. Sip cote macy uci wit! gh concent a phic ‘en ical ped ts boot omy i 223, Testson Coments ‘ese of ences uty emp inte potcton quate Te ‘Jay of concn demand ote Di tS enrly to prt ‘Kirerszs gen no poste 8 wii othe Cera Hea fetes hae erences caine mets ‘Spade “Sunny. Quity Moti” or eerie ve selon ih ‘Sorc pms ye Gat Ming eran a cen Sitntn shee ge ty "ie eens ven in Be “onepong {qeinsn or ekciper ie (C5) ote Cl. "Tt epee Ie motte wih 18269: 1976 an 1S 403 988 1 ste ing 1+ chee compan — anlisto etcie empotton row es (cht, sonia, ton, gin and le pe 8 ‘Scrat rimpmre ih pesees + nmra aoe oe se be car pice, ers fie ‘ifs i ea sper nt an teed ees eos he a oF Stes avg Spent" ‘rote ne pat ™ Pt fia tng ines — mens of te of ieen std ‘So tg nV tl tig is ie ‘OFC ste te, sting ow eet ote tne 0 rh ne of ‘Spliff be poner an SS. foe OPC «+ Sundaes guy wc the comet os, oes et oes comers sql congress emng sone ean + Treg ened in te see fa of eed cement ‘rr sine, bjt conesicn md etn 23 AGOREGATE Sie ggepte ccpice ot etogates af the volume f inet Sous Sguncarty we sol etic cnet pel aon ‘Gouin ead aan nly. 7 iy coca sy a epson ra of it laren, ee som otomoae beng we ‘occ besiysoan aoe2 meoroe eee ose Agee formed on sua oust by th pet of wearing and se orb ally ering» Ire oe min Oi pe ‘zens nh bee psn concrete nar (ade CLS to oe ‘=fosubl pcre wal be ge ssn segs. Agzeane a Seely tori ie agree pie eben 073 an 478) 2 ‘Sn arte sl pert ered in 8190. ‘Stan ne tsp, somal 06 ie eae ae i ead nl edd ee nly wd pare Se Cg) et Scotine ew pl operat on “evel at re ak esl ed conte agp. ‘The masa sist epee de ted ec ep on ‘hie Ges, cemcinmnonal saraD onesie easy oe ‘Stl ete However cae ne ena gt yi (Coe C1333) seis te Se stl be eet eau oe ‘ell te mand ath anaes See a Finan vert rkrumet, mito wey seh son, he smn oie Eee 1 Tn stewie er ino ‘ice he fw of cn, et la cance eck. hse ah ‘este oe he sin gpa I rua we get op #0 ‘nm oe nb ere drat ums Ce (539) ‘Se pets we urs ahve 10m coin cea eng op {emi t 20 pe volute of Cnc Ph ge ae ‘aged son repped in Repl sie cocoe t enna oe Oe ‘inte eee samt ype’ Re 25 Menon my sb be mde a eile ofc gh sept ch (hogy nt le dred oe Wal eso ae ‘Simuafcie "git cnc’ sony oc which ane wan gst {hd god thal con sd evans rope. Lihenpt nese ‘hye ted fom al oes (ch doi pre) ail. [neta tsar yao wed cy cmt S932 197), 2.31, Aggregate Properties and Test ‘Abe of shave es econ S246 Pats 1-8) ose gy "eager nes te ing ps an eal pope 1 pane se shape andre texture ea sas wes reg ‘es et’ aes bond teen ea an be et pase) er fs, fed a ong a sos poo Meee ne ‘ended bend ens ocr error RR en e E pete ay od bul day fag pe ad geese whole eel + ii an an uno: ei oe ‘ntti ric nr com csc eo, ef fim ater lps ste ae {ting fs oe ona ne whe aching eyed Smaart + eee stor compen mn ne at his “+ toupines: esta o inact, measured in terms of the aggresneinpoct vale, 1 Nether reansto we cuenta he pre bran ee 1 mundi wh nner wer er a te agree mdr spel ‘lune changes osha hg, net ing, ng pinch, sak Some impotent on hry fet be ono ee Dd ‘cone pst he Sent he is fea coe 22 GrningRenoement of Aareste ‘hing pie ton of pep: meme ye ma 245 mney re ye i lg ‘Seas epee pore can eesti The grting (x vel ase Ope ta ne) of aerate Ss mar {nh of catowe tpatnee wi ep to be gay of fred cose, ‘eam sooo copie ean i wi acy vee day Sowell postage stacy al compere scegh caps, Sifter he prety and arty chars pt oe ‘cca esos ig ui pr of ee a we ‘Sarg ty rho pon, ‘Bem connie ny aft dbo nan dey ty np py zea sh he alr prs Eng mach ‘pai oe vou oe per cen hy they tg ‘elaine cont ao in he ls He ene ‘ewer lly ace wht oe re spr eg at hn rps siya beseech nse eel ee Tar"oe perce ice ae dated oe ogame or ple woot ‘tsi Toe pss tas" a al Came in tae od [Seve tn oda a vance ose, bers Or i eed ‘Shee pe cos wl aa te vcs ar Hose‘of ne apo i «ne come w bean, becuse ‘Seiya ipernity three cece mye vey ec co une ing be odes [re = i onan ato 7.21 esonbtmtn danaynosa svegh o (al 2 (som of sem tinting crs iT ava nine “io adage de Ts pat Ts ae rsmnenad Boke sepia ao rae ee a int wy ering cn — nig ‘cope iyo ots sey he we ee Siler omc es a Se pe ce rat tn cnn epee seule ws be comeing. ‘Howeve, when the potabii ¢ 2 ‘epee i csnieto ocnns atm mare ten canner 18s Ps 0. the laa rsh ees bw Te Tet 400 mp we at of gee ew 0 gh see tei 8 pi) Seer realy sn {Se nrg al nl a yp in te pre is (mene Sson 215 hac Os ngr a o e ‘Secale cme, emp cowe tin of cone use (per 1401 (rt): 198 cosprenve rh ‘Sretcentes spr 16; 195, wae out edge tty (Soma proper sng delete 244. Weter Content and Workabity of Concrete "Toe wae cocci mg et ni yson with cement tli, "ona ny Stn eh rope of te al mic oer ich hci ese nd homeenciy th ick tern led paced ode Ref. 28), oman fat inne ‘lyn tr osm he arc ic Tear ata seus ye tice of The no ‘Shu fr bo dope om De agree PS tex and ping: Te are ee more wr get pei tices engl geese rea amr fe oud on of he saw aarp ih ee potty comme eer om Tre ato eed he Gen of xent— he er coh perc ae byenary. ‘Tayo cl ot way ee ofa all place ne ser foc ne tied es) al eampecton, iii te ere casts dy tte of enmpped a see i and hee Pde ot serene sion 2321 The aso of wer owls SPE Shes nee pst dees th a EU 10 2 ‘eShclonoer heen danger ning och wo, sine Wold be See ets cnet yn le plas he bts wae "ieee, ening tbr Nene evn te tah ome Sees any soma vous ay alte pe he aes como, ‘heey teting rss perme. Meroe, ce be dng of ‘reptiet moment ey ati fe a ng. "Te Cate cone te wrahty of cece shold econ by yet ence f tr nen hear i wails He SSF itera eo sand ee mycompcin cer Reach 18000 109. The Coe (C7 ao econ ca ere comping ftir an wrx bac a at conse ‘Sete stow "nr of ety” (xy Fw, ow, iD pings. Pee of mic esi eon 27), te cove say a uta ao SU oder anne etd) eget we sta! be ment soe orb wenig e ose omen Sepopme le 120 he Coe2 reno coven en 2462 Wato-ComantRato and Stonath ever wer bn abe seh cen fh ee Te tet rai diel he ao eae Se at oe ang ‘rote yt age) oat of come nie ao or at or te ech tyes prope of ose I po hat es tale ng of 039 0 05 twa he tye erent oe orp comple aon ee aly ton 025 1 een tate eongesve seg of are cosets ey tee Wacom am, poe then of wel conan: iret scaod Abra nw. A Rasen be rome io ely sn fn" ine ayo comes ie tem Seay ang, ‘preity, ren seas ep Thm deni ets Seto 27.3) de were ao leu eb of te esd day compen eg of cnc an th 2! cmgeive ‘Step oh eat oe Fr ths pure, pote deny cht be Ime we of a2 a8 TORS 96) ple char on wich gt cima) eee ors pps et 25] shone a 22 $ it i io Fp 2 Felson otisn wasscant encase eng Rt 251 Seas reremtcreree Secret ae Sc See Ic fd tt wares of 04, 05 4886 ae pce pode recive 2d cone seh tnt snr, 078 and Ses he 3 ‘lyse cna 243 atertor Curing tiyaconttet 23 1, combine vtr — wc elcid whe rc of yin, ‘Ttsemenpaase 2 alter ich i ld py o abd oe vie ae of he ‘Cn (od nyaesneednyngenee pps) 5. cer ater st ty ett ely fre aoe ie ‘tee vo pan ming he acm 6 he vee cet elspa ss rae ely raped ete hse cone pase oly pay hye (lye ce, son ane tng capa por ote net ss feagh ineese! perm sed Inoue vey of te cca See tn at uno ose ae re ian aint ig fo he apy pr uo ear apr septa oct : ‘lrg te ame given pce tol weed arly emedng steht cemeteries hang ‘nce. The Coe (13) cf tare re Peeing he sie for ie conse Wise mst sncny tear gi Geng cnt fo peng genset an the ded eng ‘sey ty lp pts ssi osetia ert Sota ah ef eg oven or ‘hepa cote gh ‘Nota con a eh tse lysate on sna seryerne by cnt spaying wa, by ning, ey coving ie et ih ie fy Hod 2 sing” ch apt “Te np ‘ing water int he ipl prs sees Nts prc napus tn ter ate wing ur apped by abn of he ite ee ‘Miners The pv of cringed ng convey oan Fete The Cae species he taro le sv ay fe Si Feng concen nef OPC ana boa wena Cnn a oh {i wn yd het nner odin. We el eet ‘raced cess we he ened nim ped 0 aye ch ‘Sha etry bead ao a Sat can bes he cnc sce very apy in hs fa fo da seen tg eg ben fa de vn 2. ‘ace sow te dnt os seen nai ana ved agFig.23 emus tot ong on conan sng. 26 acre in tenpcite od 0 ens ee of fain scape se of pin of ng,” owes, te cay gpa. MS ‘Sapa na Sede egieen snot omar e 25 eer Saeco sree hes on inne cn he mace of pc eon ih ny stun te oe ning ad tea te ce pnt on ‘ita noe cou nel wh eh en an ‘Soper poner peter Tatra sues menrne ey be rte ey of oi eg, by septs sac uly pagent ie) or mpomebe Miebocr Gach at pee ssi) al oxen comes he Auf ring fen pee pi a 125 AowxruRes amiss se aves tt ar nebo ins inet mi © ay te Septic of inte a fet tod voted woe Some. pce fr ‘res ne gen 1997097198" lee mmr of pepe pro ae ‘aire eis cee ne srctvohn eshte eal ‘Spoil dncae sinc, nnd ob eames ef fre ye ‘toned [et 2) Toe Code (CL 553) noma wea “Soper gate op ls feo mi and wow eae sinh tal bcs dig he mis Bef the ws of ads ‘Nn te wn ote gl nt hp rey wa este tei a ‘nese toefonemet “Rr ne come“ (as of rn gee) ine hay on ang ig ed eee prot, parc hen oe alr cm ier gh sng hh prone (rit). The we of ‘hemi aire nevi te pon of ade ene ih lnrales eanron ovr pe Star fect mache nec colons tn in an 251 Types of Chemica Admintres Same fhe notin bmi si Wie deere ‘Accolratore: cts (ny cin chi) 1 asl he ening | ie evepent fe step fen th ae yl ed When we ‘oan raten oe coesig ial wee ‘etardere: ces octane een coe tay toto ocr the pews tte st gly bed In ht meet ‘icing adm conree Waterreducer or plier ate te spore patty fhe ft cove may ed even ier seg) Feat we ‘Sew rata o oe Igrowng worthy (art gen erect as) 1 ‘Slam pconnt of concn cate a eo eyes Superpluaizers (oe hghrange warren) ec that Beige “ng eta espe w omen weet ya ‘lot ame prem waerseacr vi pos hghsegh cnt ri proice wag cna ‘Atvntaning agents xp conponis uw mire a, ‘Stream which nsdn ceptors P| {p's peat othe vlae of cna! ee aly sl So recta ‘erm cme ot resign eg, Bonding admixture: ste: eaubions Gas) 1 pov he ater of ‘emeonoet (irked css hy we ely ce area 252 Types ofttnea Admiaures inert ainstures > wed item pra repent of comet t n ‘nnn wih sen me tin fmt noo me he emer Stor cee coc. Sone often sopra ane lacie tiie oe Poszlana i atl csuing wou cn, i i ly ded en tie peo we, cecal eat wih ae hyo ny ‘Sepa loon compar peg consis pop tae (Gea) pero ire prvi hn dig wih cea rue Manyfhe penis psy yo) andl wate pos whose ipa ‘toned ocr a tro nai, armen ‘Hove nce fy as splay oneal fom sie a. pe a ctr Ode of 1 + md mil fee se, ong 1 290, tn ad emia ae + Ee fe mv i, bie aby pret of ea ay, ‘too Ye oy alm nrc ua ape of sees ‘ery dene conus dg sting te ose fi tg php cere + chaos pot! y brig sha atonal eens {itl aed co of tase cyt maa onze, ‘owes yen aetorming admistres: powered, poodered ein ws bot roe, wih nate ler coe th ym ed he mca of Shwe ere cosy nih bapa ae fer yn bang pcp cb ed righ heal ton popes 28 GRADE OF CONCRETE "we ding proprio con we compre steagtenie seagh ne ‘eng bo! reg deny peesty, fry, Aang em he ‘ors htc be cy tae nd page he mt vee (om Be ‘Get’ of smal dag) ie snp sang The ene by enc ie ii cn, Nn te ress of toc cin be inom om the eeapeie seg ng cao ttn tes egret id. “pelo ad i core cate rm of senor ich eves li charter Cmprnive eng (0 mm ees capes a Mouton euleny Nn? Tae ber uly prec by be ate 3, (Nts lea a Ts cpl 20 gre ent En eee ‘Se ee design esr lara gh of 9 MP Be ‘nen of htm exe wt, inten vison he Ct mon of emi wae cone ‘dena wy cent of ori on el he id ferret ‘hai macice espe ler Tb he Ca) Them pn of ‘Stone in ocd coarse mest hr teen pga on M8 to M20 fe ‘tow cole rev! Tiwsve ti apples ely andere’ gst ‘weg sich nd on rosin to M3 pate of Se aig OPE of (Calg psy ye gue 40 gi, wh de ‘0 SauieS yaiet ea shia oe comment wie ee ‘enon An eyo sede ocd ke won he ont suri feos got sone rages sds a to sed nw coat Tex "Gall cee aces atten tone codon, er pd of Set ctl For "oes, see’ ey eve and "ene ‘Spore cb hewn ges etd ae 25,130 M Sa ‘Speyer concn or [3 oC) soul be aed Tere bates apc cae Gch sty ee er ee ogres sat eed x none any et Seton 219) ‘Rete up pene ose el oy ela hi ps ecm nie mp tei wa cee a or ing hea mec ch ale fee cto wig ecg pate. ‘Bh MoO enn pte end frre cee 8 rs moder ae “fawere ee ese api at ay cal fr tga of cont se'Sela on he ef enn ose rae an dari. Pa Sa Sa eee Se tar en ae tonsa sags Silty gh eagh conte epee a reed ‘Sow iy eb wm ‘Steet en ang oe ea thecal cee ein, ee econ tiger enh, ine pee Cae GW me eso hertes peta corse sane a gh eeagh cnet. Coe Fitton 25 tse doubed ‘ema enga eet ne ‘ornge hr Ove8¢20 artes ay smc fe Tie Pate Cel 241 churacteriete Stonath ‘Conceal wae tegh Hj console arly. Cite ‘font we ube fo ie se mit pe se arf ogee ‘Sop cy es Thay be bd py othe nena: ue ocemet, fe shy ne veg ey dees oe dg et {say com fg 2, Sly, mented items te hod Sattar te een of yin or we the oe etd ‘tain ema ste od ‘acl sc hve ad tthe poy dino cone seo er sven ede! 9 cers et Tg ibe ‘sem ui “nal (Caan) Oe 2 The ce IRcuming ef ins i ed frre uly cos Tee ath span acy he oes enh essay ‘ont at he eigenen cern nino seg ‘Sri pel ye Couey delnng characte reo ‘pico stl ocr or teAeon he ee seg of te eae fo (od fs 2 rein es} hn te Sista goer pro care Senet seedy he epee 25, 27 CONCRETE Mix DESIGN ‘The ign a cnc for dd ote he toes seston ‘aera print tp) ef come fe mpg cone epee ‘rot ad wins, a). Anos coupe wat ep ban Sentai icon or mspce ih hb sce ma ‘ted iy ne ha, a pene a 2278. Nomina! Mix Conte Conc mit sg ved pes lf ve eect om he ‘eprom od or om a soe ep mat fc, cry vole) och 12-4015, ch ene ce od ‘ovet nom ef one re M8 M 3. rotanycaaty ay comoresive tena n.28 Kins nl aroun eats engh “Te Cole Tile ant pov mace elo poor fag M8, 47, M0, MTS ss AED ae a cote et ef heal mas tegen ppt fe gare cone egal ve wa SEES So iy rms ee etapa cen Sa namin a Sources ported ‘ry eo concn nic deen ale ‘Sree ge tper hawB. Tiowees Ge Gd cea gh (19.1) a deen mic one, nt spies Sgn etsy peed enna mi conc rosie oat nn i emete not oy i ome the deed ‘fly ba cen wort tte mse commie tn ania sco 272 Design ix Conerete Seren maods fix gh ve been eed oe Oe 40 8 ie bee ied avant per Bee 20, Snes fee 2D oe in rsormenns rn ia we he ini dae ona nl 3025983 Ret 2), Thaw ety ema pec pon eid digs ty op, Aur mer ly toe dane ue Sead rears ee ded {rth etn adn Sd creas nt ee 1. Derm he mean gt eg oom We de “nai se fF 35 Sow fa HU apte ste devin een gay cot ich my be “nates ces el he Cale ‘Sroutsof slam aie soul aie va 0 bw. 2 Dai er smn lh sgh ne Sie Bocas adn he tt posed i DLS fs hi dry serio. 5, etme icone Ye wot iene tm of oe ae hd ti gino te gn oon eect ae 10-00 ih ees amas emo an later i erly 1:20 8 fermg hi [2% 4 Cae con oi Gi high) oy ig Me er cn (sie ite Ce (bert nr dry comatose tthe Coe (182.42) etn agit he we of cnet coe (ot (hte on goo grain bt fe sn ec 430 pt orto cone sigs erect te ‘tect pan fy aout ter Mtn hah oo Me Me Meno, a4 ato en Pe Po ice pe iS ms ef eet Oe agra coon ppt pvt a emt vlan fw pox. 2 cel ecco of oe Davo te weet of eg er a ed on Se ay of he 128 BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE UNDER UNIAXIAL COMPRESSION ‘este of cone onde si cowprenon demi by lang “Tn water (10 mansions eng mtn et 1516119). Toe ot oprmene e gener weed 8 oe he eng Set eh Tag cnt ay i ses te eng te ong ed ae eh of Sees pent tndtpun es me eed by oes fecoene ‘nse nti ach USA} nr a ye (10 ce od eon hg) ea eal cor The ender seg fo be ‘Sainte han he tbe sng fete ame guy of cme ‘ste a petied sir gh y te ACen Ret 12 eed whe ld ste ee amg he wus pei cone, he ne that scunly see nprine ac fon te sep seg, Ts ened ae econ seth tees wan hes moran preperis ‘asst eng ea enh en ely. rene ‘esto oon. ‘utc ted i te igh ria eco econ denon of tie torsion ae ons op he apne srt nn ‘est aban! rom wc canrenc at Tian ee eee Ine 28 forte pecan "hv dr iter of 0 oun ad» eigen ao qu 20. Wh eons tn ce ening ae ‘Seer 50m, nema by sit 0 preted ‘aio led tom 20 1 03 TR 260) ton. align ‘ua of 24 wang Spy shot poco ae mee ‘er en 130 10900 (P26), log he leon or is ‘Se ent owe ih aay ene ole ans a ae een Pine pop mere fe tro an sin ol ad ysl ee este nora ted ‘rue orate te ply ted at psi Suh se af ‘om ce he xpd eal se toy fot te po a ret ‘ae the ani apie (St Vom pice) we spas ny oe ght cin icin ge “vey sions ings he gs at je ea oi o ra vsti Hwee pa, rl eas, nom plo at bund 0 rio ong con ater co ies oe ence sean thence el fan of he tng saci, Te ‘Soc Gat) se ese yl sarc, exig f ‘ea put tra pen : oe ste hr ta) he gaa it, let Se ome ‘ih ocnng dane rh se eit hi of camping ‘gh penton height ro fe sete he nt ee ‘Sorte seat soe ee ds bene ae fh ba estat at ‘Stork ncn cl were eo especies "Formica in ongesie sro ah ncteng se, le sain he sae hia 2) se to se fic — pean ‘chs acu mth cr or orig. rm in areal lowe wa tte ich seit of 1) wo pat eoareine ng Nr a Wate he rd at ner eget of 2D) made fa som ht essen il the re i conpesie ‘ugh o coset The ibe sea nat apenas tecolder seh Ret 23, weeby J Of. For Seige pony he abe erga ony he Code te ‘ccs tee! eto o ‘dame = © a.28 taal etter on 0 dont enoce th ety ee eg nce gh be 08/4 2 ‘282 Sueer-Siain Curves ‘peices of cm sie do ed {he voy Hl ps ning: th oor begs gin signee wen {fest nd att oth ne al oe mtn Them ew ried a a aa apes elt OO: onde po at ‘Situs ionin wen yo etc nF lnc seni srt at ine ang 0.08 0008, ‘Whe hss eel recs 79-90 po of esa, teal ccs we ‘inoue nb a rope ete mug pel denn gp gag (215) Tecoma ene fend acral nd na nt i ic nie Pa re [nly oo oe spegstmere tie, Ar are he ace It {itu eens te apc Poo’ nee Sty Ba. 26 ; Fig.27Tysea teteaon cies otonomtencampeshn "Te descnding acho he ces care a ly ce oly i he serial pln oe ol pop acted. rt, te eng Sects tty sm tee aera ae od pe et ‘Sioa, sere, sonacte st Hkly otal ply omen, 1 ae semropog aca myepote) ast cedar the mia si eed The il a See hing hh neh le Shona acne ed 217, 7 £283 Wodulu of Elan and PolasensRatlo Conn tly ae mate ae ay er ial ‘Snore pe ding iat nj ela: io me a ey he ‘oa cve ona. Tc cence cnt (nds {clay sd Fos at) a a ity peo ie oe ‘Goel tse fd ls i eign pote, tase ep sas nos nen vet occ thy me mil opertin it ve be ‘cy cmos he coven nee la on faced Modulus of Basity “he You modal of ella cons tn stat, wii eH ‘ite ti oes Sa de nl ong I bec ce an iil ope ot the in pore ‘fester ie praia tar 2 ‘i any an ry sor eon ea sae fo ates Toe ns epee some pny. weet eel Tow eres Inn er Secon, Bets onc ea aly bocca {omnterep and aie "Tea tget mods hg 28) he, tine ose 0 be» rane the dynamic mule of cacy eocre Ro 23). cs Tllosve i some exes ote lng (ne eben we {Bape ecw ew mgigiic Hower cen smc so, Oe Hr-aee [Sur of conte murs przoiy i hgh boty ee Tne ints ash sonore eri fet bse, wh exe of [ce point seaport Seaton et 218 wiht! pcr a ntl ne ear a ana 9 sens moda ty ne sb camry ntl hs we ‘beds onssct (uch ar nd) eo ag tie, epee fount croprtce tv etre io ay gaan Along ‘ttcat topstories one Cn ap) Roe ‘onsen ‘laa ii wun ota cenrpen evel roe ‘eure, is suing eine a ented cnc athe al ‘Stesioy snes tbe uml on sana ee ection (ae by en) ane eng dlcons ined by ep ad ge Lee ape, eee ste na ay) we coping Fi.28 Vos cncipon of nan et ssy cone: (reeling, Toten Seca) Ya nny of pe el ya nei et maar (pened srs lve scant nae (peri es eee ‘stow intig 25 Aung es, te an nays zt oe ‘ete ete eng of ener eee oot wal epeeng on ‘Se vite fy nr rn aang el 23 “te Coe (C1621) gies fll pial epee fe ese sed Ge MPa wi) bas of he cbc cte sgh Jn MPL ein «S000 fF 2 yb sted hh ir enon 5 456 odd 570M tbh isfoanso versie esa mae "he ACL eae (Rl 221) gs an shri forma! in am of th ‘pei ner seng ftom ety cont PG KOM ke en0enfec fe aa a eg anh An ren FS wc Stuconic 9 240 ga? onl cot and apg 23, tte sow enon elon 40/7 whlch es vole of a ‘ou 10 rte ta thse ny te reat Ce fm (852.4 "om deen vamp, he te ewer rae o wl ek me cet ie) si fe Hm ae on Aa Poissons Ratlo ‘is eater atic cons dfld at tert ofthe rat ato he [Pets tn ors ot se. Whe cone i ied iktinac tee nerve ons sls ong et Catemowdmtcae minericoni = “Dal cece ran of onal ats vl alas we sep 29 et 21), Wisco neo sb pce of ‘tecorpesie song tap bese nt alae in a [Nar ard tye pt te a of ne eatin ‘Sen ti, vole hope Seng ao es ere ‘einyel tat rion goo tne wh the ion foo k= ‘gine oct og ae a exec. Fsn's ao apes {Ste chet cm ste ow enon poi Aer soe, ‘empyema Plana panes uy. cy vying vero F's ave on obalact — in ange oaoiea"® tarot 0 onal cvee or e Say Ra g.28 Sian na comet pam nde nal comes e218) 284 Influence of Duration of Loading on Stress-Stran Curve ‘he sand congrsion et eel compat in sd 10 hates te ‘Sang ene end pda nr inte 01 mtn or oe ‘Then d'etre te (ssc, forte, oo Ieper ot nny pled od ut St he modu ey ad ‘Sree o conte ser, og De ae sin decrees Rt 2.1, ho ‘Or cer hand hs he od sped at swine, ah at ase ang teed om 10 ie at et one ya oa fhow rag edton comes stengh, cman by a dae he fod chy ands igo tee he fle ama pied h Fp: erst aes ces left the ana et Inte soot, sesh gy a, 230 vct testo ie ene ran ie vst ee pnd [R220] at gem snd od wx ont sna ent eny crept fet Seon 2.11 abo os SSipeaive meng oer285 taximum Compressive Stress of Conereto Design Practice “Re cangenive sath of conc tw acl inte act cni b ‘ptt esac tunes nt iin om ar uel open ie te ce uy emcee Tee ae mony forge fr ak ‘Sts heey to na on, Be mee (Seaton wna sean at, “fo eof earner ses (aengtofnet serl nan a OSS tna the “pee einer sen (J ete ih ct ‘foe caneteeucur meabes onpeion bes well 6 x ‘en fet 217,20) Te co sentinel 23] 0 ne "Chance are.) m piel Co Te Col sis i a Ba rt cei oO wt ‘Whe te edo niga over eign of rc ar te ‘ator tan Seal (a resol Smet cin met wd tad) be sca nthe congener ORS for 06 fin wh oes spas sme a say hh conesine svg et 222,29, "Wiese oxoat of eee conned hs nate dee hen Inde eaconncompesne seg se nee ses inh ily ef coer, pn ee expec ot ly of ely Sihetodeomce ae nsengh wih gy non dye «Thr cus a (he pce of comida fsa sar on, sb ‘ole onthe ampere ifr effec nated evenen "Teeter tenon fhe Code alone ty seein be een 9th arate sng f cnc han © mem an ee ‘ty olin ofl baling ese sal dena be oe son Se Cheng 20 peat et ws le operon a he {uo diye yon et or wore. Howe ts ow dh ch ‘pce nen wth may ote eed ay te. piely EBaving he eo ghee encased eres) sich sgh fy soi development. Comey. te wes of oe fics hve een Ste epee vero fy Code (C1521) wh pee gn Stok! te bse oe 28 dis wc eg of conse was oe ‘Senet ager ee “Te we fg ston tal veg) cana nes seal vot need acre bat son ory be he ae 129. BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE UNDER TENSION Com i oo nomaly dan 1 et est son. Hover, ale es ‘dep in coats mene xr flare wstgs sa ere ‘hag Ppl tele meses may a Hoe ln ts oe. te cing incon ro oe ene seg og ele sei iat eno srt octet ir ig sa ono as eh! ot "A's ie fe al sang ‘Sonpatrin f eletnwaekis feundneet ‘Apu a recom ery wea hon, he ve el tage beige aou 7 3 poe ah congeeeengi fe 20) ea "pr aera eon coc specie, tee 8 prey tei ete be sli, fe of ty msg me sco pe he ‘esa he pe te eg mine Henn ade en te ‘oe alos sre a oth ering 294 Meduue of Rupture Inte err sts conanony poe fer 1 516 190, sandr ae ‘Sascha rte ose aton ly amped ‘Stes hepa ade wt fale Asin «an bee ‘rn he arsine he oa nu lessee exe ‘esta ede of pare (f,). I eae by apne the ese M fon es sre ste eng ones and 7 Re eon ec ower tls tibia ft fey eta oda of pte so tpt om er tn sei eng oy ‘80-00 pocen (Ret 24), Neel, J re appt elle rego cose te ton heating monet af eye ete ‘Se aie re sump saved ns ssn, "Te Cate (C622) mene lowing spor esting fo-0VTe eo et J sad fg on Pua “The cmepting eins aga by th ACK Coa. 2.21} 1.208217 60 rom dig vps the oe fs Ler ae off, ea + mate concrete tenga: ‘iter oompin sot mone Me292 sping Tense Stenath “i ink ing tt ei ptm nt ened te a ent a 16" WP emp se im em eri ‘Snr ng ne i: Pg 2) nan homer ne ‘Sie pte ny a ese sa mea. ay lays ellis eo of soiing ve sant fbn eat hey #8 min ed ok ee gh fea an i, maine a2 yin srg tora og 11h ol ot or ned cect te sitig sng shoe wos fe mone ire (Ret 229) (The Cae ae et reve pilin resining aoe, 293. Stees-Srain Curve of Concrta in Tonal Soe al ein a bn ge io GOI The mesa cave mtn ely 7 see nnn ange at pte ain osc sh ‘sy lon ce pve ihe ene eosin ee fa He ‘el ae 1294 Sheer Strength and Tens Srength Conc is eel bed cons of pw ser; tece, the dent of (Sot pre hn fa rc ears design Moves oe of Snes cpl y ipl el essa eon! maple eo goles se te al eg ont ees hn a Fe, ‘nie’ \ersy omer ie een NTun, set, takes into piney demic ee uios of coo pte showing see. SEIEscctnw o Geshu eng cane steed only fees le Soot Onicha, ever one tar ben tpn t be in thnoge of 1020 pect A compan seh [Reis nna an pc sera ef ocr Is eed by IE Conte seo bce ft ssi ppl ele (ago! Fes) ‘Steal ends con eninge cece ‘240 BEHAVIOUR OF CONCRETE UNDER COMBINED STRESSES Saclay tf yn onbatlons of ial foe ‘nag ment tev foe sng ment The eine he ‘ier! of an egw poo cement ay fee io ‘meget tt of oe mad oil see) aetg I ee Stooge. When a fhe epi sees ee be te Stews ced Ps ae sea fee os onto esse coy dine oy grep fat ctr However, as 7 et 5 ‘Shel asp oto or dig he le ef cone 2303 Basta tt of Stross Coxe ji Han sn f Ren ted exile | ‘Sve sly sopra wh tea ee, od Yves enon ‘Guna a sr pons psn hin le aye 212 swe nal Shape oh bu sang aos sera, bles Ta. 210290 sn eh ep enn Is fn ie ego Cot il compton ee ie snl mpresion yw pat Tis! ne ens ete (Sis wil nal enh However a hereon embed camps a ‘Csbe fe compan eg deus set ely nih a ene he ‘Scout se Ore le ws eget ei {oe epee nthe cis an ale econ concer th ‘hn lcci es frre 224) 2102 Infonce of Shear Sess ma eres ar acnpil ystems te na rip Par rts ese cone el ie a of ‘at's er offre oon ed Are cite (expe a)| sensor conn sein {ate tas fo ce of die es omen casi one ton tied wih ese, stows i213 hee 235), saa] ‘teratas 4 oo iat mg fl i ig. 212 Fate creas elope — Sal est 216,224 Is sen he ogee gt (el a Oe ne eh of sre by the pn tne etl, hee ego te once yh pation of des carpio (ont ae Se a ph congress, whe expose rand bye ape eck 2103 sehavior Uncor Tal Compression ‘Wie nee se compression in ee tinged strength {nb acy ae pny toc el 226 237) ‘Th ef ied he ‘Stout cota of encase spy enya Igoe nl nose po ae, ‘tect of contoement . “he blind fm cone fen wagon mie ws of ‘ince! cnc cloen by poe tstete eft ee a ‘Seth et (p14) ond a ona rea pee Faas nal mewn ted nd oe he Spe ste ofc aye 8 Tochgulr er ve is fcc Ueda) he yng of he cnfng sls wo ince ey (Gly nego ge terse pc fs. Proviso of acy i of Far tors te egy a ay of treed cones ‘Shes setmc ney a hte ton) se eles {Seer erin pe se npating cea eng oe acre ‘pane etn eer et eCopt) 211 CREEP OF CONCRETE 2114 Tine Dopendent Benaiourunder Sustained Loading ‘Ar meno etn, oe cone ets emptied, ‘Riot ng ssn is eve oh te ol ks ‘Ts mde compen of wo sn ted ep The ine pens ar of ale act cueing bah asso Sen ep sain spiced ni 26 “he nse rt hh wed tno ‘penting on te sn! Pg 36) nom he lee sd verve ibe i teavety ow, the tae compen eel. he te nae a » cnt ev to sent caine fo ee ith tin [Stet yh sd te cave ag 10 dogg a» progeely Sosucing te Tae ino sn yt vo oe ra Ts ‘Sows eons inno cp cosa (C). de oh io be ‘Spin ie une iia canes). Te eo ate fs eo te incre confi Sted 8 ye Ca) ale undo iy ae ange 3 042 (Rel 229) Te oe deve my ee th ra tlw te vo by theta ig 212 The a tananons ett of ay a ‘ott al ha ain then emt remington ‘rn wy ean peevesity de he emo te, Tis lowe lee Inti ict tc se mee 2112 tect of Comp ‘The ast men of ep te st ly ea nena fp cn ders geal i el mv of hd mtv i Ho ‘et pson tne nd tr wh nar time ance ppeetonctanpront see 1g. 216 Type nine ae concn ns agin hp foc ss in he foving einen ess i enforce conte = Intestin of en dase ced thn fer oom Goi eatin kg 5S Go tm ofl coc ercng el espe Sener 1 sof posi rest ene sed csi el tag mang on ot ‘Seg ee 23, Au ocr of ees nel non! Cleon Ghee af upc decried eras tantear se war ood {2312 Factor inuencng Creep “Thue + sto tpn and racy fate ite i ats Fa ci conn eying and roma contin, ee tien tt ice te nape of Seep TRet 229, Tn oe cep 2:14 Greop Costlnt or Dean ‘Seve piel my sch he ACT ned Te 229) and he CED. ‘SSG flee 30 hve tor deol wo aie a rexonabectateof ‘Sep enti den ede suse da ela oe fe SekzSit can de Ce (C1621) commends Oe wo ina cep ‘Sepsis (8) wh etl 22,16 m1 oro of geal 7 du dig sone yuri. pau Rage sr hy oe gy be sumed oe repro 6 nee tong ete ec fl defen a SEES ef Mea ers ye lala in wi 8 Fos ae fea, he Cade (CLC 41) wee he ene mods Hee, if tc wh ca cps in ems oe ar (Sects er 5) to to cep eller (6 a8 ows E, Fete ap eal of amp oar Secon of ncn Nee ue ‘wcesp avira nape I 282 SHRINKAGE AND TEMPERATURE EFFECTS IN CONCRETE 2428. Swinkage ‘Conte dian be heed sie du os of met by eps: te ‘Caen luc ee ring age en lyse SRE SE atc aan ts nent 219 7 rome capone Cnr 10054 1812,8 penronen comer oesot Snag sed eps a ndpndet pentomna. Howee fr oes sc nr poco et lec 8 spect se Al these ned cstv aliens of ig md ‘rene cnn, me Sen ethic alo fe ce Towers erp, hap suse dent he es coi secs At i wipe hr “loa ose tn try molt curing ne) ig.218 typeset of ehane wi tne Wien snag aed oft in conte steele ees ete acts, to ing. Sy,» een Sigs, ‘hott mates eral paseo ne ei eat tage (tnd reap by umn ol wife = by let ‘erat sent care and Seton Sige, icp, exo + ve reas peed cere sce ‘Shrinkage Stan fr Design Snags i oaly expend ovat in qn) mete [Re 2%, 230) mute er be esa of oe akage ai for the ron of doug, Wile vance te val th lie sage a (Eq) sp 100001 neve bie been pred Ie abe ie dis te Cae (C4624) coment we fen le singe sin va | Danan: te epens tote rater Iowa campiomih”ACI ‘esmmeton Re. 223 fm average a of O08 ie fr mae Den compte fog en detain of fre cece ear oe loasage second he once expan ih «ope ean cna he ewpecte pe Ia coercion na, roses sma gs ‘Aes omen a ter atone ttc inn wees we ned incor (ih we weal ner) ang este ae ‘veneer Ts er in he evelopment tenga ese fed Sno bdngs ihe pla neon eae pve sale ‘ronson jt a epee ios pray he Dee aed ‘henge pln dnc ter C12 ft Ce “Tener seta develo on net ie eae hers yo, sno sts tayo wane ome exes he Sen chtmye wc vlan ht gee he dengan se ch at ‘ltr conc ces aca owe) eee nd 0 Be ‘peal core te sn "ngewe Geagh pace «(wre wo roma riorcemet (con't sr) eanere nes shore sk oe pony Sec, ‘So te clin sf parr damage This pny ele ‘Se ln exo s enset ch wb no Igeie ea) Coston of Trem Expansion Fae he pee of deen, te exit of tmnt expo of cnet ‘ep. ro pend ovr nh the pe cone ab ors, lathe my, ember sae The Code (C1828) seonende ‘ler age ram Sel mane pr“ (fer oath alee erga) 1S (a0 aso pr renew ssn appa) Hwee ‘higa pal snc: no war Snes ema» ace ist mas per is conned [e239] Tos ery ene we eu ef hx epson o bel ct so 110 per) 0 ‘ikie movers een el an sarang eno ese nnn ie pea ih ied ing dd i estar he ood ys) a ace none se iss (Thee sl essen ete hen ceng dere ‘const nd coon ohn el Lo ies a eed is ofthe sete ln ae tool to he reed apeace to Say Toe ie os ene amen na mt (em, by set an tl an Nong eynear couse 6508 omit, meet tv of a Coe ts tea te provsons ving dan, yshifig De plas from he Agent lhe ar Ercole una fhe Coe (any ening to ope pa ‘ha congas thoes ech BS 00 a ACEI. Ts of bly mene tes cecy mbes | laser eel ces nd sl Te etl aon pan be ‘ef coven ooh he cre expan, ween mal ace ‘in cris mb oe ah once ey a he ed ‘eter permit of te oer el tak ee ly ‘Sel oe oy tengo ets er am attr) {Shae cure the peas Gero nae Gn a Cade, ‘np ind acetve epee) inthe cil conets mi Cone ‘nb tt fe tly neve ae corr fo resent ily nr Lace ogo ese er eed ing pose ‘ona of ae ng expe srs rcs ae ao eo ges ‘Tenor nd dsnige of comtete inpermunhy i garemed Bye ‘orient ad warmnip ed in ming sone. Deie te reatle thy eoanson strangely of alee peje ‘Bury in cnc en eel ifthe arin neal itr ely acted ma) dig dein nd cero ge oe at ‘te cone hs eae esc ote led eral cer tev {tk png ml tang conte ha san Sarge Cor wa ‘eer at fone an rove ne ileal an expire. “Reo ie paige ly oe et 2481 Environmental Exposure Condtions and Code Requlrments "The Cafe (CL 8221) nes Se ctper of ‘eoneatl expose once, vy ml "drat eer’ ery ster’ an ete ‘ming asf wey Te pr of hs apron ma oe toss fc ef sta on rene ied pong he eed [soma acd oe soety of sfoure. Thee rere. res ‘pnons int dg saosin of fred en wk era “eden of fe eae femal exons, el 8 conan pet or fe sien de coon nal on (pens rover note io est nat ed i es Screen ao, ar rntroedcmcete wor me soma Tate 2. [Tum spectre tops I the vv Ce cot pets te set Toc thee Be Ca vig Wamossne praia conn) ‘nuns Tex conmadone ve oe eg eee an ee wa rl rie try belo that ne rac est mente he ies teen eegoeswenpor. Poe chaps enoced eee me ies po say ch Chom or Ml) wend be export 9 cmt ‘vot ich quiet be ape as eve (r ey wee” ae ‘Ny nare bch exo sen eer sr. Howeve fo cose mabe ‘cmc'wel ode he hating toceping Fun seers Fo ie rn Shi gs one eve export ab vere! ‘Getter este semre twos (oe see ee 7 ata ov ss ring re te en Tae 18 a ein pla con iinet eet oa(2 penne concer cent “anl21Expoeur condos ond acura for A wok wi noel ‘oes (9 eh nora ea) agocre catego Desripton i] “Hi Cover | Cae foam | Os tee ia Pia a ToT grace constant M20 iene vhieweser rpc een nd Conny st wate Seager pond Set roma at Tapered sre act etn el ying cr ‘seni eng wi oe Conia need en Eee oot ae | a see Biot eT Seeing we, Term raid dr Seguve cisco 0 | 30 os Neen ue, enter nest Stal sown so ‘eae sted 5 tr eri a 1 Sinead Sm M38 erie gd tee Aci, componing 1 he ere! ee ten sa mat be Ge eat) 90s ean eco al hve «mma ot ‘Sho ped dg pc a pr 6 (0) “The ene spa be of comets my pao e as at nl Be Wee gai oe ‘ipa piss ta lng men ee a he eee 12192. Pormeatty of Concrete ‘As menos ect, reg he posable i regs te most ‘Sect way of caning diy" Dapereably aoa mr were ‘eget acy wn a ewe a ies, ‘ema vecl ny outing of sla aca be eres et ‘Peebles dest ee porno he em ue he ‘ati et captery pve ae ema of eens Gabe hy ringette see 8). "The al ers neg any fray Se naercon a an the dere of ain The a = ot toe tl ont sem cine ong ome ey Ue pvos Secne ie ena fhe cr oh de it "este of wera ene aggre an pod compaction. Pe ren ‘ture, he secon hue sin pi sae won “Erle meron aes tt eons ens complet eed wh oe Ieee Thea ofp cia aah ‘pula cn cite wong rece remo ae Sern ew ta ae sso min oe oie eins poten in ete seas 2323. Chemis! Atack on Coneate ‘hems sue of ee atc, aus ttn a ons sates ‘St wie ammning chins ps, alan aap acon Supra anack Spats psn ean gal (ore) ote ck arene nce hat SS raney pent Sup f si nd fs, pes et ian ose a CA rm SFGate cone” "Sopmeaached Cente 8 Te of aati i ep fc te tae MS helucie wh sgrace eters — df elie of eon rn li pena ing ee ‘sc HC SHPC HAC an 9 ele Sc 2) ayaa te oly cone. Rezoeninon egg tee op of tomes est Sopot count and mache aoa nf eave ae ‘Secon pies ered $0) es pend war ne ee wt dng comet nee fan 30 Fonda cae of eee ia Steet roan ee apo (SC) ‘Golgate mtn fe enon mn ge O88 ‘pst eign op ‘Se Water atack Sex wae nie ise aon ots — hci of wi ‘coins pal wea epouy ds Sp dee aap Te ‘Soemante uel ope fane sks ple Hono ee ‘ir i arma The Gero he ‘Zeg ene (PSC). particu, ow prmenbiyighiydesabe. The aon SES Tow niin cn Coe he tng of Cece poe Sct vl orp orp hal eat, Caneel te ‘ee 300 Grieve eed sme, Tf ig eet ‘Sac ff ht 350 in) ene ow wre sng ee erect a tes ong nee eo ‘Sponge noc hk te ou Re 25 ‘ozone co oma eoet moms peat ae me ‘eclnge en ie note Atal Agarogate Reaction Same ogee contain oie len te roe 0 ete wh alia spig yee cnemae fe mata bn, itp cay pe phos sn winsome Tie fxn erty do ‘Spo ong ml argon cn ag h ers age tye dle, notion y fe yea 0 (Ret 23) Cxe mtb eno tol he ofsohuopn cere Alte a ew ala OPC and Sin sn ye Ca (8384) Co Sy igs neste on es pony Sa Monpec racine east ‘Rey a ido tn wen te nee at se waren. onaTES N04. Corrosion of Renforeing Stee “Tie enon femoion nfo el eee in inert att Tet fae bales be echelon on el ee een of mie vaca gon whch some ‘one sale cng meee Sioa ca scr pow fe fom seman pe of te ne om ceive Rou oie ewe seg ae rao ed pon acre, Ts pie proton ee Sern al ees ning el alow sot Tk ce SE ymin ron of cb de oe aoe i SEG ep arty eno en, i et tale one be pmo Seeds,» rte, oe Seer Same ome sp Te eet cver mined it Senn mae epi ne, ms ‘Saeco eet iy ow pre et ner ce acon onsen en Esti 230 so may ton ac Py aie te suc Ib spend of seve om. 3 oa hee sons pay, weet sal hime doo stg he ln eig aoc fhe ‘ar rs sen nce), " epee fate Foes ws ‘hae ltcs}ooesen = t+ Las [fone a ede magn a ty (ed nto mae fr) ‘canes be related tothe dese (‘hep’) probability of fare P, ‘e Servicebity Design Node! er, te ate wo te coo serail pms & ee ‘eft, cach ac), Pak cots ts wn ed i (xin stows of sess) gg cece a Ky be ht nee pein model ah i ting as eit ‘so poe, sa “ancien cuchaey 1.94 css ty motel ciety daon origi i i, te peay of ke A, ey be atid I oni ce f, dese he roby dy finn of 4. He, isailiy nr canbe ets on ps al, by ably ange ey ia ‘noeésian 249, tity Ansys ond Design rom he dion inte cody ecton Slows th a nn ‘uote aie te _posion Cae ft can be ote ‘Semin te espe wm ite of gt pouty af abe tae Mtl ess’ Seemed ste compe be obi oe Tevequl (=f ning te poy of adae PCr he eid vediig gee etn ee lay ana, ra eign ac 0 a the ‘Sp chy efi cei Re 38, nis nd ep Ty, pb cares camps wie ee mer ‘iat td veces vere vt 8 vel tees The Siegal 311 Pos wc ie fee she (es Se? eghed ciara wim wih ace Peon Sa i sta stim spa rec the lt row ‘Sine oh ma ran Til tr eas ft ee, ‘Sn owes cd es ic y bens solo er “Stestnony ahh wel ogy. fouy ts now expe nse’ Cs ma tr cg Te, a he ia ee ety 4 Lavots of Raby tethode “Tae ent sete of oe of ata The fetid by he ‘Sect tio tance Re 3.1) ‘soi pbc mas Cot ype doce a Sion 3.43) psy teed mt nel rly ted. Dy anced, ‘Sciumacy ic. spel eed a's tomach tee ety ‘tte pale aie "nen nig hy amano eae “Scar dep sme fm ret er i en of he abby of ‘ae, se in Lae tod). Howee eee eh imped et it le fr dys we ene, a 8 aes he agpoion of tein see eon Tor cide the thd at be sh apse — ng demic caer tn police tach to cle Level ety ead ‘The esa cof fa ster ei cons ne it a. Bre te wats eins of din (WS, UIAD belong his ee my th vo deste sts fetch "perme sees ad" {5 UT STATES METHOD (LSU) “The plop of he tes mati of egy (LS) rapes 2 dette ‘Matcoent sve at! deen picwogie Unie WSS, wc bed ‘Shoe ot rosa soon won, aed ke UL, wach eed SiSon cnt ol ono soe USM sin fr «compare ‘tonsa oe gs pln by Snnaring fe ulna meni weg oe. "Te ES prop aes eae Str oma wh emp eos oequne ta aot ao el oat er cay a ee ii by cme pomble heat (cn th est eco). ie Seocee ee ro nmi ey foots supfot to ve sound base Ds sarin spr nara of dere Kd of le ‘Sen of'rfon an yper leah sone, SD” lemme an »O ‘Kenn at Wh an Ula i epee» new pag" mes Plonnt. 51 Lint sates | lin ate 9 se of npeting fle, eed wh a sce ces 0 ‘eto nei nica matey, nse ey rei, Eee hi emi 1 nae tn ster (ok sitesi, which deal with es retin sing. al, niger 2 Svea ti sat ce wi domo w cepacy aor ‘Sconce yeciedeine, oc wh baton ae i. 352 utp Safety Fector Formats “The jive oii te sign car he roy of ny Hot se Tring at! asp lwe Ts depose by specie oat nip fey fcr fr cc at ine (Lae rai) Fer. Pere ee pied wns te say fc snea ms e ) tS Endo eer propre ay tobe done Upcoming aie Met mt cs ec ule sty et a it ss desi she sme my con apo, ttn nad gen geek (Ret. Sopra andere bse gags nthe pre of ee calraon ref detainee neg fh aby nsx (ort tales pos Inne amen the spindly ts fr iene! sana(Re. 31,34 38) Yh ry code ern caer ttt ae ose) tor tel lige sly ter steve pat! Sees toasty td come ae 8 Sexe of ule ry So 459. Loudand Resistance Factor Design Formet OF the my nie iy ut forts voi, pcp espe sete he Lal td Reine Paco Dongs (RFD) frat ch ‘oped by th Ac Cos (a3 35,35] Aping Me LRED snc he ‘Shen wtatiny mos 55), abun ees fe oloag enon evan tesmce (9) 2 Deientotis fy) 03) “sore Re sl; de te sil rrr er fein Rh a (ect ropscoey and 7 ne the tne Jct oll fasor get The eins or aecoumsfr ender’ pile ‘howl nthe compe “oma eee ving o notes rel 10 ‘acral arenge eens, heal suspense, td aah ‘Sy cun iy, On acon. ned as 7 wi cunt for vein sae cern sie Wt Sys eno eat wl Ep Sia beware <* ase eae ee ich ic pete of sty concep unin WSO, 7 edt Th “tf sy agp 0H ol ange ore we ae ae perma ses de "erie yb erage at Be = (18) Se ose) hich itopeseaive ote ae comp unying ULM. 7/6 he dng he Soleo (UL emis apd te ol in eer ative ache 54 Part Safty Factor Format “Tepe sly fora commande by CED-P R32), an aed ‘ye Ca tn oad pel oy fro Mlch ony be xe mE oo ter a he dg inne cg wg Ne esd ml gn UStfalre nd fof, + omaving wo sepa al st rs 1, (ecm 7, ree abot eg orm te # S'S, Oe cage td eft camped te Oe canes! hdh (esi rtt yy die) ig te atl fs Ce Joa, 7, (te dh, rw ext on). Tee me Inet ue Bena! compe sgh fcc 67 f(t eon 245) mdi on Yl gh fo fees here be oi nts De Lk ls pig ek ot ols ‘esac een yb oh wth maton tee ee ew a sy te dd oo ee ny — ig eae ‘eed fc oe tiny Gr tn wea csi nay tengo ey oe ae pane eee ed Salita wth chon af" 89 sc clog ey neat rng ing Wie seg al of eal ne ‘Sabet eeu te" ch caak acreag e ‘ar at eit ronal sco ba xo te os ois Le 0 sn sary he Teds comer cog cometh el sets i had 136. CODE RECOMMENDATIONS FOR LIMIT STATES DESION ‘The sateen of SM sys byte Cs me coe a. Del of {len ona acne se lage a arya esd ‘nintonuet chaos 61. Character Swangthe and Loads ‘oe per dato oft aracerti srt of mi cmt tt) ‘ts Ben in Sion 21 eons te 5 pone temp ae Ihe {arte minercng esi rf be Spied Ys as ae in "Fe chat a ee eo hat har 95 pret pray of tc ng of he ocr Soo sh 7 i vo et oh oi iT tay fe it (seine ots taiees tt eons nde daa.seid or de sd i od we tan 15 75 Pa -3) 1807 (Sate sor otk ee 9199002. 362 Pat Safety Factors for ater “he dein srg of const efi se aed by avin Character senh bbe aoa par sift fatr in sie of ‘itt nie fa the Cnr ede ent te cnet rg of ‘Steatham Qtr Sete 283) de exgnatrnghotcmsoes 0614/7. rai int seth Cote spss ..= 18 onl, 138. A ihe a aay fcr ne eed ont, empresa #2 ‘Eieny scm age vita ie or soci Tt oe, Yow = UDA sly Cat of wy i spon er beth the ct deat a eck ‘Mover secede anata wakes 1469. Patl Sfety Factor for Lows oe iret odoinn eben pies (C3641 af Cot) nang ‘be conifer on Inds (D1 imps or Hee Da (1) td ‘eget (1 “he snd mothe owing weighed cotinine tian ner a ne resto ees Ss ERENT 2ST “he seed foot foro 2 inh hl combaton above ecoges be seed pi af te tes ae eg ner athe posi pe ae, Tor te gps oscar ern te enh tse (0 te tal pra sey tors) told ror hn rl ohm fle at ‘esr he ve ea cobs (3. “Fe ole er opr ram he a evetion ent by ter ets) fang» low st Din omen wie ele LL — Strep tt esr corns mci ew a {fonds eo) meter (a 10). Bene oping erp nd ‘er a 1 to he cin aay fede ope ely ‘Soffa yes 1S1L)-—whch sled by BS BID “The ofa pl od ft of iy, em, APO, cae swols src oa sone — hihi one fr “erly i’ ee ri (isan wind de echt pee to eh GUE Reh ae nui wer a ae Tiel tLe QL te tnd cocina, w secant fre eed rea fence. ‘ner Lose Combinations ier tas br eco net eth de Table 1 dade es erecting emo wite tl wey tenet Ag 2 Kal SLES any maybe eons wile some ol eet aon A ae seticcnty iinet be floelng combine ‘Stomdd 3.10] i es oe Th reps te scoff de 0 tempest, cen rinks ep een '384 Design Stes-srah Curve for Concrete ‘Te chrcerlac nd den sen-ln. ves spi yh Code cone Tua comps ee doped fg 33. The rusian aes te “Sanur ere ted 9 0.7 / fron epained Scion 283 “Tecan omlsy apt hepa op ei of D0 (ee DEE Rade ao Se esas never 2 cot ses Tove! of nt, vp tom tina sno 003. one pups fn ter eset ope pal ae fe 7, is obese. 7, sea 10 15 forthe eam ie Hot es treo 621 Th ‘sign car bed snp eng ve (Sco te chose carve ang by 7 ERS, Asoo ‘ent dng aes eames i947 fant orl he an coupes ten f, cerning to ay tain € Q00Sis ven:0 moment coven oh fol i Jauora wramsesoans a & | | oom nom cen [ena] Fg. 98 Concer nen soso cue rca no meen sonny od ht ck, nas ie oO a swiping maxim deg ns is D447 fg The sera cre at 0 ‘loa Inte hk ate of og by (pe) compen of cones a ee Sots te Cade ‘Wien come ct all conpron combed vith ere be kinase ale toe OD id OOS, Spcingoh e ‘ston of tte ls ter Casper 1). The wasn deg sta sl ‘eine cng 04 {65 Design StaesSraln Curve for Reifrcing Stel ‘he chun so derge serie cars specie by te Cae fr owe pt a ring el enon carpet) sem a 38 and 3: The Gg yl eng fy ind by eng he psd ad cian f, by Be pat mfey fcr Y, = 115 (oe eit Hi sts sserlpy. fy=0870f,. tu he ea of mi el 250, wich hs ‘e-edition ated be erica op design ses kel of 087, and « comepndng din eld sin = 137 §,7,:o yessin, desgn ae ele conan of, 36. eben Pg. 38 Omri nde soso cnr Fe 50 ace lee nt a of ol ods 45 od Fe OD, wc i yt ite acon necked ‘Seurara sss lle OS tes fy he curate ce 08 et Sys ne dsgn cv. The fal sgn yl sey OT J, assed > repent prot of D2: ein yi aa ken at 87 fy, 0402 shown nF 3.9 Tlie een appoint Fico nw sept, The orate fe en poi of ede Sin cuvotor Feat an 50 sn Tae 2 eg en, ‘Scene ay son th cos! by te npn fo Tera De we ht wher inte cs of ner (Fg. 35 ep ify ‘tr 7 ape al reve tee ing pat ‘ey ctor 7, isle oa fr nt ein [3.537 Ta ny te eed te ft at i nt ew cave Ging te aot bls af ey) dwely ated by cing ‘ei seh af conse fet Fp 2, mmr et ws ‘Stet ols nepal seth1.87 Cones nd an aoz-sn cues er Feat ade ‘ebe 4 Ston pos ane abe cae fer comes ae Bie [Bin | Whe | lu [In | he ‘oven | oawor | ones | axcar | ano | oom ‘ae cs as nota, ‘ano 32 oe ston sped tae a} Fe 5 aed 4500 Review QUESTIONS 1s Dio he meal does oe win mals of gn woke Io pated ate nd mot). 32 Hwdors ap oon et ie moh ret 35 Wht theens tees derma dn probable ei? 3 Sow tn aheratne expen fr te probly of re Be te ‘Nao ely prob one fr Bc Boel peta fe [ff a 5 yo le ype dg ft pote? is Sis men by tnt ue? Dice te ret“ tw te lel see ont Seg 31 Seimei ssc eae acre ean en) {recanted sence ud enon) fren et ‘Sap m5 tm 90 29 Nena £18048 or end ate ne ond dies stig nt epee, mie ‘ie egy ents enna wel poste) Yo cms (8 Fert Coa fre nasa colee ew) sug, Foster too of ori on dl say fat bythe Coe 0 ‘Wiy ste pa sly fa or come (Y,) ewer an af noring sed (Y,)e cosetio of sthst nies? suo Wh na 7s ola al es vee Womens 7, i pele nlyace ee eee suas be ue a age (wel mane for mae sible ant sep pula ee ctr a 7,7 Ge you vw2112 Wty cobain foes Whyte? 4A Dene te di sss ee tee tes) bo @) e280 (@) Rss an) He grr a neal consponting fete eine a ‘G.ouo, coma, Gy 00 wi 08 REFERENCES AI Matin 10, Kea 8. a Lind, NC, Mata of Src Sey, Protea ngs Cite NJ, 586 312, CEB nemo Reames forthe Dein an Constacon of Conca acres Comat Bole 0 Sk sie ero 35 Dar Rs Png Reed ConratSrcres, ob Wi & Sens, Ine No Yok 5 24 Ri PS a Men D. Sey Conds Wa Reason Des of EC Cine, ual foe, of Bets Oi) Chi Be Dive VoIP se a 38 Conall CAs A Protabiliared Sacto Cle, Jomal AC, VoL 8, Dex 168, proves 26 Rang alley Aa nd Dei of Sac Ts Metra 37 lingo ell Ba for Land end Resiance Pac for B.C Dei NS ang Soe Ss th Raa ofS, Sa Bilngueed 2d Gatos TV. sd Maceo, 3G a Con. Cs Destin of« Pay Bed Lond Cron fv Aiea Mona ‘Stand 43, Spc! Pabeioe NoS?, Neo Bara 8 Ses ‘Wang D0. 39° Ravn MI od Gaantoe ., Ld and Rss Far Dt or [SEULASCE Joao Stet Dil Tr Sop 9p 07-8 “Eponor Hot on Inn Sena Coe of Pact or lin and epee Cnr 1881978, Sps anon P26 Be itn Stars New a, 98, 443, imrRoouerion ‘Seo el pl set) wi etme deen ho ‘Seu n conan wal tne joel com lounge peste ‘tr Fo coment bai af eed emcee Pete te ‘ee ore ay en a etre 7 Rtucme Be ea ergy of one omc ts Ge Neu 6 se ep ha Thee of cs i rab bo sone 414. Twokind of Proboms: Anaya and Dean ‘Tete we 99 Kn of oblon cocannly eho irc dese ac. Ine Ln nol (sew) pete, compte eset ‘inc ong dr fg, wl hers pet: ‘Sls me Kou set cp (1) eset aera ‘fiom enews ex) tase svn fon te alae oon ang monet Gt) th nner co es To es eee ee (Si tem tomer ns gen fe wey) sno be sone with ‘eset sea which wet othe Sueaon af ores ‘ng mama fe) an etic Goh a a) Sel coe oh nb).“Te snd wpe of pm oes dupe ethic, ee eff (8 ‘cise tou msc a soe 9 set ee (foe ona sa aetna oun hen ahd ‘Sfcect dc, lieve it ew ny onl be de [bes arc hon ean aaj pclom be As eon te, ‘Beco dng fed ih he chat 4412 Banding omens in Booms om Stuctral Anaya ‘Theo ayy come tn net Kay exit npn ies etc mer so ogc ‘cil sn peri pps pe: se i ctrl er ll pnb mt) te one sae" Ae m9 ys ese So ge es etna cet oar co an) cy mle ‘Sealer compres xin conmiaion ih a a ow in i ‘ena of eal face my besogeedf eo ees ee ye ‘Sy i Gs es ho onsen, is aa Ocy, eam ‘te ue Sat eng. ing bing noon mad ree Ss iin top pn ae sam ay ey . [ owe hbo Bo vat eam a | “\guo~ bend momar anyon Rosen Fi. Sica anai deter eng onan nese Inte press cnet is aed de dion og en aon the engi oom aco fmm omg ig OTe elt a ‘Sitting mwa eo an Wey econ vee nt Shoe. sououns nue #7 4418 From Banding Moment to Flexural Stress ‘tough nse ey slic Ye Be a eine ‘Bena de ht teem my ee nasa Ech pn on he ‘Sc'tmasone Seem clenat ie poscsiae ofa crosemcten Cl ‘Scone tw oe wel thaediocices! team le so-aled ent ‘Soman (essen soe teen fsa det ema nee oneal) income wa erg Te seo flow the spr Gx ranma betwen he bending rt and El ta ens cone ae te (ay ‘Phading edented. {42 THEORY OF FLEXURE FOR HOWOGENEOUS MATERIALS Rone cnc a comps kel Her devin a ory of me {ements ee to ewe cme ty ff Sa ety dened ars henge ane! ch ssc [is ronment er omar ih he spl ary bere SAdotiyatneteapnon spect be) 421. Funcamental Assumption ‘Te esanenal mmgon nena ory a lve cosaecon (ten ‘ebsites fh bs) a pln en ater ete Pen, a a oe ity she mens anamption tees a th dst of somata tee tn ston ia (AZ), Tat ‘ma sity pan bear ecto rein ie tn he Il For Beano sag Cs ok” nhs oak) se micas ig tase top ite ve he nea is) see 0 ‘Sotcnn tf te tse Hie? lw ese i) to eso ‘Stn sry onsng th nt cane (pata sae OF Sncma ging Chap sino act oe a 422 Ditibuton of Senses ‘The orl se ed Wy Dee (xe! srs) aay pt me a 6 PEED. pens on te nna sary at be Th ate, Coemipntng ais &, i teaches eaten fo teh (i £2), Tm, comping 10 each ran eh (ch oe reacts) P1205 cresting evel (f/f sl RL S20 bette om the ews cue [Fg 425) Abe don Paci bai neanng mbm peso rom 20 we te Tay ey Sv es conpant oh pu hi nen ESSRSNEAGa mac hh na a bensel i) a in ce do hh SESS ane ae nm lls ei bene nh ee ‘lone be toa oe aes eave, tae gy 90 “Te lbelo fe ew ani NA) ah be agate of eal rest ‘eo dol yee snl spo ef a eget car an Mace cay Mate 2m tee Cn dente ein open one rset ‘hel fag £20 deters of Be eee ng 420,28 shown ‘ied aero nt pt tion oft is sea bent tg aml 22 me wd wt oro he deen ‘sso of hemi ino lie te i ol jt wel Eee “i (© serosa 429. Ungar ate Mate 1 bogs etc of sea to ke’ at ety oo, be eran hun a to he com Ppetoesy "Boje big Tangs nolan ers a mater een he Sion of eee won te co eton tthe bes il err p43, Int hpi sco” Stover tab al es Hntenle meaHeowve onl» ce Sessa an tn scat with le Raia a en intersted oman ene a et Amin ht Eat ve sts on se core cb «ai own by po the mos feng oe et (Teta pane enh th nado seo 4a fd es fall wo {= foal stesso posta die tome note, fa.= Neca arn one fe = Joa 7 = sca omens ate era nd 443. UNEAR ELASTIC ANALYSIS OF CoMPoSITE SecTIONS he mays debe in Secon 25 fing 89.43, 44) i wt ay ‘pesos soonopenor wl he ented one Por ‘ant ‘Sle, mae fens ma) tor Ce ie) mera), tony oe sah ndTARA ARR SAL 100 renee coins ssi 424 bleibution of Stains and Sessa “oe flan asamp a xl ary Gtr Second.) tat ty ‘Rano in pl we get ong, wd pred he ee ded pratense ty i a mae sgt (2 extent cn ‘remem (0) seus nsartorme ntcn 44 Cecio Yntorma act _Asoingy he sin vivo inte en wl be se Re, 640). We (vo alee (ut bold) mate ae cielo ese Soe oe he Sowa acta maul wil ve ety te some Sate exes ee wil be fy = Ey te eof aa fy = Es ‘Steal macaw Sond reese ees da fer reece (He 40) zi "he es fb ia" expel tm erp siefy mea ta at e a o tet Lip iiy a n= 8/6, «o ‘eerie dl of ail madera, 432 Concept of Transormed Becton’ “hs cont of “a to” makes pon, or epg of si, “moe te compost oc io seg Hepes sete me wp eeu ne ari yt He store i ‘rte empateiectse de ef en he sol fee ol ot tn ef. ‘Conn be ea ins neil elon of ae? ving hc dy (dering Meth eda aes Eo Seals Fe 44 00001 = Syl) Sing 45, abe xe intr of ia ns = mba fl «n 5 47 fates ha ‘mata be nfomed nt mean nati ‘ety epithe homo etn el at ede wh eal tom inte momma co Ph 44 (2), he mer Romagna | pl a ae st mn ay me stot nol ef he en, Te re ed int ost aes amen a en eden yeni ede egutom often 43). “Races ol whe "atom don’ Web spying th esas fom gnc he cand mae a ie ethers ctor tar be cman Th meses Rompe ‘enc to meal ce exe he ee ses eet 8 Iva me cose 3). 444 MODULAR RATIO AND CRACKING MOMENT AAS Mosuae Ratio Rentrced Concrote act of he orig arn ar fri cone scons. tl ‘rococo neue con ec. ect ‘frend care ela at") ew he aoe "Redon car Sacne 283,21.) th oda of taety of eric sof concn (aa ht fe) ‘The Stae stae mos, ea By 1 24 come prea edocs te mort foneIyrce tage flstudio weer Cole (C2150) gets e lore epccions Frul 228 an mpi ntneeie acoso (a. 4 md = 28 «> ae ie te perme compose set of coment a bending (eer ‘Fane 21 afb Coley. Vas fo Ga eis) a moe ai of srt en a Tate {442 Tranformed Aaa of Rlnorcing Sts! Teneon Ste! ‘evn tence of forme seo, tof tse forcement el FE Mc toe irs wee omy Ths ans ad Leer oct for Ne! ers ean rom jee (ssi tenon eter B21 te Co “cr he ean hy ted om i ceneponeg ss ft acuqen unneeded Be se fe = x Ta coc wd sly me ein Hes fry it sen 48) aor tie Compression ste! eo el viel in nin ed tsa Slenrtesra'o essel fr anatn pone eter Tw tt ed fo tee ea (40TH Deca i ange et (Sep imiaeninge een, tlar te oocyte Stes etn foc lgercompsive se cones an se nately he Tow ces thty wing cay speci ae om. Aco the Coxe ‘ead he ame ae of compen Sel be Ah 815A ‘nee han eh “Te asin i consol fe bn th coresoding sss ‘foie pane tee eth ee he compen Se ftsnne Tena nll i ie snag ee fonction in tie numleod aca he ner a Le goss en Ay ats Ay (ng Mower tcc ped el ess ene 4442 crnoing Moment Conc nee eb he eam ain text cn rhe itn) vec acs rc ae oe mod of rape feet ‘Seen. Ae sage te ann ances nen te ‘ow ode” sing = near enti elie fr cnet bth tehe empress ae ota, ete Toma ‘Sena ap tae AB tar racing meen Ma Ie fate 10 nee sh dite anh a dhe ein ie te son! pment me fe tadomed aed co ecto Wit fe cut of tao af ecg sel ie igi a2 prone veg ebaaeby cameo a "os mote) sco [Peet ham scons poner ss itt tear nx hly de fo eed he aks), fe mone pl angst se oe an Mn soh cas owed on sone esd ba pte i ing son" The somos ‘ouch sah deseo a Kamp exaurce 4 ‘A nced conse Ye fxg io a onset nen ‘Qown Fp 430, Avorng M20 gre cone sod Poss gre me, lout) cing mont ed) he Ses a fo apd meme soneilar om = 1333 48 0 ale.) drops f= 0 319 MP 26 Ani king Manas eeseio 2 mosenn! + Seton mde 2 = we10tan? Mew fete 8t3Na! x 18x10? = 5634x10°R! Tea Seton Poe 4 Areata 4, = bex29 f= 863m" The wandooned ae Ay congeses te come me Ay Ay as the ted em bon ne ha he a Be ont se Am he asm! extn thet el a6 (1D fe 4500 bobs Dy + Deptofnearat en F gating amor fe teense abt tp aes = WO (BAe Ald ima yn nt oe dt a (200% 620)00) 1233 DO965K550) 5955 mag ‘Owoxs0o}eaa56196) tic toe A tornfg ase] 9, 58-395 =220¢ ee + onjomed cod women cere Fe = BEB + RDS + (mals) = sonxoase'+2mahpetasnxinsyaud = 630% mmt (© Ook Moment = fy Henin = Msexian = 798K ttt he eo i exit of My th fhe re secon ($65 Nn) 2 dee Wy Serre tapi moma Me 308: (sit, he sme fc ete a) + Msn Congr Ss Con jt rm Te resin Sat Fonte mest deo aga p46), Su = hes Ls (/, 319%0) = seanisscaase( 48. FLEXURAL BEHAVIOUR OF REINFORCED CONCRETE ‘he gece eho of frst const Hee soe ier Ae isdn le Te berate eto son tages ng Sete ts a et Gh) enon ‘Sse te fs otce aps of etn eget). ‘Slveis a seson eatnrosangie a l son ‘Situ als owe a 08wel» (0 bss in osog ee (enh pease tt ret (0) ecko pass ent ses ton) ig. Sehr crore crcl beam ane aang memert 45:1 Uneraches Prose ‘Cinergy syporod tows soe te erly rang load {Pt Ith ca ne of ig, he ped met ty en Jet th he cling ant My ane matin esl sess inthe onset than et el stu Ths pe ie he wracked ‘hn whe ete nn ete ing te et nd wee ‘e‘Teto ofsne atseew m eaed Fig 80(2) he ‘Seehof seme a en monet ae oo aa iy, the ‘Rows ones pnp eee become "Touches pve aes i Hat ee sped wore M come equal (othe washing cme ocr sarin ae save 0), ‘Seunnle pho a ha er poston OF 4452 Lines atic Cracked Phase ‘Ath pls men esd My asin ests nate xcs ‘Se owe ee sna sd ton np cat te ee ‘Sieh nck ine ett ene) Hee fe, an ih Srainglbang wet thd pong. pada este Oe mae ls {fig tae be hs porta he ccs ow ee ne ting tse tens, he afte conse seston rete The Tenon ‘a bee ccs ur prt aking nf he fone at ‘een man i yt Win Se Eitewaltenw ecclesia logs cow tea an Ie vl oft scanned ah a sd een ecu of ie os of conc wry ow tees i pally ssn xual congue ht cnet his oe ssc aa On ie, he fine rtd ation town Fg 860. The Meal "3 socoe hoxton low te neal el age rime tn cog the hw oan» mal oa esol tel an thse snl nh te ie as ha hat spon ov eminccel ese Howto he matt of he ei ‘Cale fc nll aaa dc me egg oa Mewes Ica done os vy sine prone Ive cnc the ba sts pet high ang foc cane ee Tete cmibaton me oe seagh ecm Hee assent hat ‘Stes fur oi lay aieIns ois th ofr ome lfc of ining rng ne hy el te aed dt pone mh ee ls Sieve es rane of mace an go ee ted ine eon nyt oe a he eee onthe eon ses ent geass ‘ie inning the one les eng se {tron of tbtng te ental acs tte mo! heh Od ‘hom ott pon prascon he et pine comonon on | ima ca ta ech cat be cnt ogee inert ont el mers ae he ort geo pied Ins Hwee fe enn i he 1 ra eed ‘Siesta (cme tely pos) mtr i cca “fern o ebm so floshe soton romcon of he oan sh, ‘ethan: erp ara ston ey, my be er th we andre Sa ae ly bo te ‘ced att ps tn wh ie ea cect seit (ir Seon 3, sng eo the "ta nto” come il oi Sieg he int sof cen (esto of Sein ek ‘shy ae eel te aden! wring see mad diy eer ‘ioe 2 Te vpn tsar sepa obs wt felon rence, og th ids sein oc ane encom) ear a ab ee td af a ce sent we he ei "wpa OAD fhe ssn cee 40) she eles wi fe clare bt (whet may whe ae) Home wen compen ‘freon se, he mao oe he comes el est Be Say modes expe Solow 42 ton rh ee a oe of es ed "i 4453, stages Lending to Lint Stat of Colopse etme bm mn nee (Sete fe te cone sai sed sneer eta ge BCD Fg 5). For eon fhe sin th ete Compson ve oes iar of €, (ql 002 scr Cot) epg he a seu ee OST, he pei es on nt che ein tone {he salsa) wile tgs of eve OBC te 450) awe 4c) Thos tec amoraltcnsonf ke ee ‘Seton et wa mg dn. ate xy a, Seo ‘fe eam inthe smliacnr pts depen on the went of ‘ering sel coms vey Hg eile sean, 0 ee teins fr town ng late ane f012 POSS bec we care in scommae compe ston sh ae Shs wer nconpmon he “lis cng aC i nt ng of 01 065 As wi eso er, te ha ct of mal He tia nts nel yb essing ce nce, ace nwa etl ceo ten el SES eon er oe ‘Eg we mead tte oerafr Te tae! ond ret 2d atte beth conn cued hel ‘i ef manne vd em econ ee a a ToL ALIS incase salon ha anevece roe, [Fie ner iinccon te ea one Balanced Section 2 ued lnc nt in ih hs of ee sel seh ae ‘in ta ing cnn eee cy Be ‘Siireuncnnie we eof te cna o he we rec il eMac sn ned led ore’ epee se ‘stunning cone el hing UnderRelrced Seton ‘an otc to bse nit er of on el ch {e tons mts app ey ran , the a th te ele the lina canis hie exten fe of ont, Wht ‘ecco senses to ec he anh fhe omsyontin sim secs an th €, — 8 epi a ge of Fp). Tego cose penby C=T= hgh 2 M = ag eve no (me) ts age aes el ld cebu yon inane. Te waked vane SPORTS urs te cess i Opn ting ce he sae tansee nde compro, Ax ect sin Presi Sey vita Auf campense sees (bee tei) be ne oa tecincatt (<7) sn ened ya Be comopendag st freon gee 07 MoT chow tar ea ovr he mit age ig 0 BE TEeREia ele eno feo. om cv i set ‘Ronn to bal vend moor eyd ef yo fs es (wth T ‘Smt fraser snghence se nthe ea se) “Hance scp wr yer coke eed tent eds eins, ee op me he eesinin ‘Toe ces come wl he was ain coc ces ef ‘hte cami sa of eoncce€,,(oge 3, oing in he cng of wt Lene 47 Seavert sarc) bite ted tat he nenrin mt asc bee pd wn me = es ee Svs ming erg ce SESESC tng ths cre Goon pr ont lng can ome rane on Ee tn do cae an st 6; epee sin in he ene cnc Be etn Sect an die cf an eet we ph cen ied se sce aan ced of nt tcc a fe main compen Bs (C30 fe aot aka ee eny ovo ne bs aie ane el es ag mon w ea SES tn ena mn en enn ‘hai ltteer. Se rancor tam rm s eso ee — 1 eld en ey cee eng enon of Teo cree UAE, ga ace ern tpg sew Seite wes etn Sing. Hens ht ede of et Se ee hgh ps Tea cole, ough weed Ye a tt A eect ecm moet PSS cnn a) fh eons in one ge inser J Fn gh ro cae, ace pel dace mae tf Fa 42 Mien tine ier Retnterced Section dnote sno ihe ne on el mh a Se le eis ce ee (Fie 49) : Ae ac a Fg 49 Semicual cranes econ (cps) "ice alin agen fee te! as ld pol. Hens, fs pe of tlre i sened compres fle The Ie ces (oe, ‘oat th way Tar th uc se ee els rnge wp w calle A he Int te sf clipes appomted te soe et sees erin it Saw one ee ‘soc Hoc crm oui oe ‘een ofeoneete ihe 30) dees ection" tre =‘een in stp cons with aos de snore eon Tie "Boa te fle soe (ibn gm of wig a he Steiner rein hy hse eee te ae. Rts em eer esl mts em ed tyne 448 ANALYSIS AT SERVICE LOADS (est) Sn desig ae at ssw a mt ec or ‘ere een cso) net Oe eee sete bl at sp ee on Te a i of tins ‘Sct eco Cogent. Te qe ‘actin of ner es ne Maeve tse ns he wing sro nt of ig S40. Ts hae ei ire Seti mee nl ap (Bs te Cad) a sent (Th moyen ve sey en xp ate). Pl ts thn a hei an ns aig m,n ey ne pst, A tee see ert by he nocsmen, Kd oe ycnete ‘tein ace yes © Sree ac rr ~ fo conc ede ‘Teed m= BB bre wae, 203A) (E48) ‘ie io fr ner nk ve er wi er tite tery aed te cco raninct ten ep ek Seton Ste Grin a ome memes eto WS “i sl step cso wih son incense Candy ste) ui i. Sy St lh ‘orion eet CS rene oth ‘461 stesos in singly Reinforced Rectangular Sections e410 hoa seein rca secton ota she 8 ‘pes xt) ome (asm eng) Fo tars sony he ‘Srespontng "aed tntome set shown nig 490) Te cose tere else be eal su el" eal a (NA) bed us psc ea et pe Teresi the depth of eel ai ram eee conessn ls) 8 etn te en depo dl oping e ent o be eeprom and evan organ 119 . A ‘ Teenie enti re 50 oe cnt andar ct He yatta an “sgn quien on Bey soled deri, Of hte ot ty ‘Boece mets O< 1 Te ronling expen a ci De btaned 2 = Lip GaP ~pm an) te pint he reformer, Seb ‘4 ate aw ong “re mont net of ere of satan sto J eb ty = eB pmtglt a! es) vowing cl tobe od he aed met of as, se in i tn el nn ag 110) eet commu refresh 7 an exe ‘Sen ad rp). Te oe en ote oe iy od Seg) Siete te sate eid of ron fee an some fig tt ond 43} Refring a 410, te, wo colts, To bate am pe c-w) on Me cu = THus foo wich SsatnGD au wt ae “ tA aa 11 be mse ha Ao pH es eto dem BER (wchaskand fen rota eel mb cmp ings ings ‘Jn ery bed sa ni nt) aon campus s2 Concile tesne rm mecton (ig 1 of empl. Aung M20 grade Sous Fou! pe mel capa h re sos a el te! & = om aang on de Me = 779 nT he pen en ‘sched son sown in Fig mam Sesion Petes. + nua atom = 1338 or M 2c) LT Spe48 «260 a? 1+ Bynes of abr et me a, oo)? Fi Att Crp 2 waster! e130 — ba De6mm meal aed or HAMS = ARGS inert Mad-bt/sa2 bom sus: te mee res ‘ieee in ed etl, esp) > cage aa «texte Sea ne ‘lepton at ne tact sean renin > f= RE =m ‘nn coin en ni 4 810 feo tiaeas [Rute The maxim coc sews fe ieee eile aes (a= 70M fr M20 sonst lr Sen 2) ne etn ot “he scrig © WSM provi ohe Cte sigh he eel eri wa owbiein) + “Nt tthe sane etc bby he “ce or’ f= My dy = MOAGMB anos 23467 ~ 96a ‘ sy. _ (WOOP fe T= Sa ei, e820 ye, 402 Permienbie Suess 1 te won orig sts met, ea eu te dit ey hat (ected ee 49 on 20) nase et ptee [Barto pene te rural omens nated ss iby Coto penn Tele “Te “eocte sa ion el Gy pei Tale 2 of te Case) tev of MOM, Ulta 2M fr Fo eS ad 30 {ae emery Howoner, Fe 25) pe, ermine ss eed ‘onaete bar ens ets SnIn he cv of feng sel amr congestion in exw mene. Iron mere lipid by de he mar a 8 ia Perl conoenie ste ecient Tle 2 oft Co) ihre we Te eid 2 te DMP, ISD MP an 190 Mao Fe 25, eats nt P00 pce geste. 4469. Alowabe Bening Moment ‘When tides on ‘anal enigma pc fa eam "Sou cst sre WSDL epee be med ey ‘ion in icon 41a ample Hee tenes cone ds! nd arc tken thar specie isle ese! (280) ‘pect Sten 682 ‘Coming ct wih fern een ae 410, May = Assit any Considine met wit eee te conrenion ncn 4:10 Mig = 05 Ge BAD) ay Ina gem eto he yb nest tel eon my oa mcd sheen." telco wo mam empl 1 Catron 2 il peice poms monet ao he ep ‘no fy) wl tne eh prin “neue rhe ef sect ocr inte buecce oflow nt ple pct wht stele ent a coms ‘Balanced SH s2cion constants ete woking res ta ale econ oe avis le ste se fre nino copie tos fe sme ec ox wie Tints pnd ge epee 42) eke vce The easing onl tel Ayo domed ns Ag etstge enecenn P= 10g Bed 5 ‘lcd mf he sl a pth aca ed mB tee at eh {iors jolie lowe mre ae to dete Me rcs ca nan er con of emer (ig 410) be ‘ete ctl etn (42 lls mye wo ie api se art “he pcm 8 amt gel 2803, sig the Ce 4) ‘Nc tsboreapmonc ee ge mee ay 1 congaion wh ed andeverthlocedattins a At2 ‘Barco wen eten ue easing he plus of es C7, 5 lows tat O50 bbid) = Any TE ny = SOx Sie 29 ely, cong mona =e (ushoseas ut (8) 2inf) 29) te muy De ote ha 423 425 oe epee tne fa he ‘mths onthe gd sls fe een ot cnt Cen Tel pot ew pao cms pt a ‘le 42 Consartsor i anon WSN ton as 1s ase | oe “Under Feloorcd (SH) Sections Accoring oe tadtil WSM termine stn i oe ok ASEERE sit tw of son ole a th esi ‘ect emo sph a het ees el aca lowele Tent tne pate se cone ec owas crower pet te by ebb tes ad by reine tf Ow anf @ a “Qu pot eced (WS soon cont sip wo che ven est eter cd (NSM of 9. 1 eon a eect NSM. fel e120 a

yg 4124 ap, > yy Te allomble ematgeby Ma = (0soabtie-M4)—fckohy 28) “Ts compen sms in te ono cess eping conden rethee tation of ig with (On de ano 415, 426 0 4.28, wes of MCh) in MP sy coping 0 eg ashe fos comgted and lot Pe 113 fortes tmnt od conte rds (20, M25 oh coined ‘tbo and ges F350) Fe. he ceo ig 43 hart by o itv pron: ei soon ksh pay er oft r-eorce HSH) ‘Shine flora noe ent ome in) win cnr oe ‘ago WH) coe Tc ak ene, ming th son ser CWSND) oversee (WSN, evenly ress 0 once HS eon ‘Pont tis pe ia Fg. t., fellows at (net) lm soca cps ners hn norte eT a ft Tooter (WSN) ss, Moines iy od ty operon) Tamer ner $20fe a Pat aout re of in Mie hb a ha in ihe Nye oven, poceage tion tl) F418 Vs Me wth for eran gras fence an ‘et Fa > Glen fr ‘nc efred (WSN) secon). ofeit atl pte Sly ik ene setae pe ‘xan ee set en ef ee ‘Srorcoe mnkttay e agsion ty eed are ‘Sbiogan in trong oe teste tpcty otter sen eter ‘Sing sn weary tong epee TERS oo om tt enn ay ‘ny, x eny bent ot veri (HSM) etn fe my tok te eh tgrcel earth ovate in ste nig de ‘see wt car tun ey irc we ces h9 poco ty te wring ses sted he esten oreo Shildon Tint (9 eon EL prs tr Seton ‘Anais Ais “om tn of Maui wi pf tient res of eet andl (etd Pipa) exe nr om npr in Tables A) a8 (ih ae sted. The ir sre tl as ah cag, ‘eh een gar yen nly ered eng bem eto ‘He wecl thas demntned asap 3 Ce ‘oni eben ig 4.11 fraps an ¢2) suing M20 cream fess gd stl eterine late eng = etoesncottsd selcoespntng ti me sownion 1 Given = 70MPR 05-30 MPa m= 1338 a= 1968 a0 nm = een team scion pee [i 4110) ly bes wot atin han, Aes bd= 2380 an = = 0426, ‘Tema eh te yn cot 42) Peds (= HOME, A =e er oh rouse Task > kg the scion ie “overhead (WSN. (Alan, a OOH 0, 40 or M20 come wl FAIS Hel AS = OBES 290, pp = 04 E20. oho, he doe ‘eceiaface CWSI Asse tb ema tence f, = @.=78 MPa For M20 cone) + Amiieet= 50. Hd) eo, =20 wr sowie can bn bo,Leta ra rf225) sm rn tonnes 2 funteam cin os std nn traces) socom) Fle e10°Nna © 16K, [Ate on iin in Tl A.) fo p= 1.150 scr wins on Ma. My #1285 3005 S50 116210" Mam = 6 AN 4484 Anais of Singy Ronfreed Fanged Sections Inte vos dso, be of ret secon sk eo on) td wheal sel see (singly enc) wee cowed, se of ‘py Ta pete sata sc! pee ‘reply engrossing po scm my eh cnr ey ce i wy aang pany whe we fh conse compres, Note ie finger eine ne oa tony te ne ages toca ntote n h ton mapa Tbeame andt-beame ean ang ftv Tton nacional Pans Le we coma eco boson ie Pgs 10 89, Invocation aon fa ts nga ih be a be i he {Engin ecioe ofe eT ab pron cle flange hot {Cheam The fen orton tow age el he neyo Wei, ee ee fal secagul prone Cn he rece rea te Nase st scetonwh eeed ‘When eg weave de, te Saal cna tet tn cers ah The ses vores et sunnah we eis opel Se lr tpt tur eay om he mh Ted ope sh ‘runner a he heroine, snes efor see Cte ss Uewuite setae tienes Stes eed ce flag ‘Te rng haem vw pn hi in, Te nga ort mci te en ae ‘silts ae ny ew Schr nb ey ‘bitin comato meng pe pans ape mo de he ‘cv wih af Hg’ may be eed he wih of 3 bp ‘ig tes ip cst mene wire ee cf the enfanar ne gl we age ch tae a be sgn cena ttc bbe seme 410 » este, Fig. 434 Tossa aa. bear nbsp arab tine ‘te efcveSnge with ood a neare iseae pn ereed thot ica mg haan ae Sepnce te he pe o dg ‘ane ce on) ane spon concn ny see, onto sc) Apna oma frees cece itd as By (CL.281 Zot cse we on ows Terme re he uv Buy is wn na ie ‘pede mapa ny tp camped ee wh aa ‘Popes obfuts6o, fete “ 1 OSS, atom 20 wisi wth Ce syste cs 4 ‘Pac Sc wen mf msn eh yo tS covamearcee pacts emt) Oey, era eee oa encarta ene a aan rt ot seri datas ht oy bi mcm och Silt ctacun metic se = ea it mrccge eager pate, er a mead are er te These ta te tere bens the ec wih of fs: vey, he ea va of By ‘hot mtn Ansys ofT-boam and L-beoms “oe peal ye itr within he ng Fg 4.10) oe he We f he ane en i £15. In he oem ($Date he (less of the eta an med sete Rexam he ‘mut nny ee al tl esol Dv ving wi afte doa Th ai pose sre in Seton 461 483, ‘tr we ely ne eh ny lel tt By 1B Te cn hd > Dy, tn of ina comnts sh wb sep aft ten hg 10). Th ut eo fetal me ‘Srewinet by evan semets of eat of he cet nog sector Ie ‘Grivel compnize 43) wd ig 0m) foci Ltt (oy-b,)oj(id- 2, 2)+b, (ta 2 = mAyld-Md) 430 “he son — ee Te pat on mento i _— BT rackger-op mae * eminem mts naar ute aa fo vs a dn kh te mc om mee Soi a ee SS a bee) now ni oan t= Fie by td) Stabby “eNed—Dp) = Aad ex ace ta= (4) 4) Ao ling women est oof ei Lp aan Lia -bllt-o, Kooy to, 8) 0 ‘tie polen it oe of desing he see fal fur en meet te fant tri ey song 44 erating Ea 43 ‘Snob dia ter yang 432, oy tering Slr ange ‘ttn dln sa 421, Os ean tt pes ‘denny he swale ent pc My) of he seo, en sad “rate ee whi eo starred (WSN oe renfore {3S hy comping ep tri kien E423 we1 < kh econ “fered (WSN waedy f= oT tovesoning ie fn be saad igh se ttn Sin, O> rhs We > be sexton ser ered (WSN whey J. 8 ‘ing tempi ob on 434, Mg be termi ie Te gpl pe mt ihe SoD SaaS VEAL Toma sa it Caep be Fein sce! nce el sig 3 ence nd 290 el + tin fle erat wth 10 iy ‘atch hey 420d Fw in = rage 39-48 Dy, te eetinn to detain th nesta ss Gv Be of saya ftw (by -b By thd-D J a) SNA) my) ea) Joe ase uv egton 436), et compsine ein ee ‘x duane or ttre) ty staring i ence tewen he cng 1 ek a -ho(ad-)) — ey, c= osr)orae-b aay ay, tem ela ge 9, 439k loin fe130 nomen eocree ceson ernst — by aSPtip (oo, Meme] tenis lacey an me nahn ns a eh ce ee nae ‘i como + fata, Hom Be cay Seok Sara Se cae os ae Test, S'etine Ronan a eo eat Seat ince ied oa anemia +60 Phen = B38 eb ee) ose at ope P22 st! «Tested enti ens a 0 2 REA Speeds te Natt an) eO0-) vg 203998 secu tsa Goce ne as 4 Som 450mm gg = TOME, Ty = 1300 865 a? 0 07S f= 489 Mn Godt) Cyd—) Sirs» f,f88x(- 208.95) M8 (550-50)) f= TaN6 P| (hich aoa eased 9, = 7080) + Compre ses nat Geni fan (84541336) = HMPA (Atenas Geta jy x DIMOSOSS Ha = noes aie. Alia ene mans + orn tunes (WSN ncn, 280 sat ao) Forte gn tin, #=243.550= 0.4404 > 04179. one these ber red (SH Se oe eras = 10 0-289) 1893609) PN = 71 Nm Unter (28) = 1 xaupus «7 igen Bao ce a ae ae {ie aoe mene aa MPD. be pen oe cpr econ (seo an cnt pst, bow spose wanes spine vs Avan A (oo cnging nf he toned a eee oak ‘et the alow none t TS Ne? souuTo08 A nd ce (ih fot 419, (SM tera tly refrac The ml i ngs be ‘ety matted tot corepning 0 the bee tion fhud= 0419802298) asc. ying 438, 200x(298) 2+ 1493-5, 298-30) 18384, 680- 1298) 2A, =(084, +150) mm MSIeman f= 4= 70M, So 7 300420) 30.2298), $01,841.33 — De 7,94 G98=S0)e(550-50) 3 Asny A= 0168 1856279 : Ass date ae) tre sy ctpnie we oe opie a rece “ (Wo eco andy covers 1 he an en eo fr) wee eit te ome MH, im coninton with ‘Aoi 4 who ar grey (Sms fr eee ow ‘sirens, vein Secon 462), esr , oe 4s) fo a bn = Mets, aa) ta Sea) ew, a fe Tw halt=a) ca ‘ote Ms oie 425. Fee pose clan. pig ‘be wo tome fy = O18 D300 mm = 330 met33%04 o1SOMDy 2g =TDNDS ad F750 Nm manasaanceninaroesint-oanseiso (Ba 628) 111427410" Nam. ear! 80 ae 0s 0a) ees geBHSGLTR soma? At jycttsneon e292 (445) ‘rtofvgaiigg) tae (waaay acne MY wrt? 4A) ‘escent mene ect hese ed yo cn in dn ess AMPLE 49. Comer bo Team sesion of Tange wih ational competion ‘norco of 5389 ar of e250 pe sad "= 0. Darmse he ‘Sect emery. + Given = 850m, Dy 109 by = 230. d= 20mm, Ay 3695 a? m= 1335 Goreme = 30 a, te EME 0 8 at “Tsormed ein sesh Sie 4254 ‘Tfonaed see ek = i= 30 sig BD ddan 435 WH nad the aempin ane» Eu < (47 npg ate aie i eth tel won epee oe eon 6) {seem ares cmme een ary" 80, Hos 8 an ee 1.438 atx tae We he els oo yl he be ean of he dl exe sat y tare met, cal a eos ‘Moh otingte obvi spe 1A abi a AD a 5, 2) Daca, cman comp 449 exxn00ssid)x,—D 50 2)" Darin te dig tt fa corr wing ssn cave 37 Tie) 4) Date thane of, cared fy oso ‘nappa pm codon Cy = Tr ey n= glates asn 5) Cone is we of th Ge ke wed in ep Ce ‘lees beter Be wo ves cepa en, ae ae Soha i ed 25 Ah tye el ie hy oer hc Ion t= 05 on br es age ro by ohare, eet se) (5) ws proved (cy naps ao elcome Utinte Moment of Resistance ia moo ofits a een cn ts om {e270 ngnenty MEY At mee on f= 4-046, em Acc fab oie compete eh Mag =826Rfubeld-04162,) forts, 459) Ma * teAdld~A4t6s,) —foestly 60) th S42 087f) 00 5, < toa Lnting Moment of Resistance ‘Toe ints move of react A «ge ly Wicd stan) ‘econ sc te Cede (G11, crep he conn tiny B40. Fr 49, lows Ha #0962 ald-B46 4a) sn = [agree -osa( = |i-onstes) aot) atti te ee pa i eo it pect Linking Percotage Tone See! Coneienting 1 te ing womens of Hi hay te 8 ting renga pi = HRA Anne pe se Fags OTL, Pa Faas ia 4s)4 =e i “Deval fp tl Mage / bd Go MP firs combi of sel an occ se ad ile Tee ale conenond we 2 (Sins halen? scan (eter Seton 41 fers sag oe tetangr Tale 4 Unie Pt 8M ley ced etree (0) Pov Safety eUtiate Lint Staten leare ‘he eg none xpd at om on a he in al te fated orn aed theatre momen Foe be come nabs ‘oman of hs ad ly ef, wad te te) apoio ‘Boas Be ape oe sped chance ep Ih ‘Gag’. athe eden Jenne yea ey “Pee sen wl eco 0 hele’, fog a Cte ste memes of sce My gt hin ce eq oe aed eat Mg Incr wnt esta, probaly of fare cepa fo. {ed ee fe Ce ome ta len are, pe | iu sou be ton ct) aurea. Fer i een, te Cole ene the dene o ete ht ety Tbe hey {hws ht. for ig efor tanga ti he wee eee senvoun acu 1M peng prs wot eee jy nd ltt nen sence Mae ‘Don cto My Te 44h Cote (C1 C110) lea sats LTA RRA eee reese oer aeeeaneer cteigetine mt sot te, Mere Gas eacsns satya foe nor See ees eee eats eee hae toe ose oa cree Spero tere oe See cnet car sete at ieaerearectpamenme nad Fate critter eae a Sete es meee area seas A eer eeseear inca ryan say eget teste tears ae yetnnatatnee htt Exp banscmsnecce sara Variation of th ps (or engl relfored rectangular sections) Fr 5 Sign I Eo aie 4 lle elo expres foe ine men eine of ie on w amped 9,5 Pq eg Aunt oP, ws) aso) ase aig 6 and. 464, 460 "Tm oct eet may pry aii the ae il sl (Fe 25 een ‘ty snes he eer ihc 9 (ee eo essgn? 0) > » » a 9 ° Sef) ne) mS im 489 meson tee trom Fae p> Pan's >to Sry Be den esi even Hes hs 8 ein po cnt an ans he aos, (5.438 “To eee fhe uae sain compat tod sib ati) SS seine Te ns mp By 485, me oe 46) te $087, i sy ef eriancnkton 1,457, he sin €y orgoing wf (F-35, 3.7 ms say he stan comptaity ‘et i 430), Boonen, 457 tera alo Fete te won ‘ete oo “ ‘Te Hp mole in incom mad fe amiga feapen Pav ows sc anil OAD wf 9, a Dati ig 56 Deer eon wing te deg sss cues Fi 3.4.37 Cane evo mie sf aig 407. Comoe te aw ve of yf he oh abe, he tie is eter pt year ao ‘oy 8 an tein gba A ek slain cat Be led by mes of compas program. The snintp betwen afer in MP ai) tp ee In Fp 419) fr opi ds fest F250 and $1) combined ih oe ‘Shinay med grr aca’ (M3) nt M29). The arena nny romnste fy (hate nt) dyed 190). Te ney ti Her eet the andere codon FS Ply Be ‘ence 7 > Pram Hcp nr, aly ve ataHae Mn he ino ete oe ne anion > ae (66 tye Hod wnson pine sy ee a. Te ee ht he ere nig 05 ete ae) a nin he conesnong cre in i418 Uh reo a). nny te sed fom Fig. $190) vite el cag ied Pie 98 sete moat fu yo sel ol a ely eld (Ge= O27 poe inh com gle si cg tle ‘ipo. Ferpr> Pune he fx hl wl Ive eth int Sn, th te" tntioe of te) nin a eed so y= 000 HOB (Selon 47.1, Hower a xem fe 20d (Pi 361m beat king wl aly ae plo ithe leat cs ee at Be gain May i ph iy ed ea ‘pce bse th at whe pe nw nf eyed he not fase tage wh i net apy eed cnt copes eg of er, nce Sr tendo he ab et Sst eg =. whey sl ten heb fo By eso tne se as se T= Auf ined er 20 Fo ea ioe. Ths ia by Ce merging gate en ner» ae Sout pn nd Fea nl eal pee 90) “The ylation a Mh ip er tet gra of coat an ep a Fg £19) spel ta etn ral Tuber ASG) In ‘Arges Soke ih amy Ste Ee A), ese “Tiles svat lena Thy ene ap etme oe ite tnt alo ype sil ere recngebam secon“ af these Tao sane Exe exanrue Deke sores 5 ete sl) rhe Bem eon [etn 1 Gee: b= 80 m= $50 am Ay 196 f= 5 Pf = 1D etedsoec yey 0499 [Toledo 430) hone DAD HSSO IS Pasi um i ing efor el contton Cy= Ti ape 2263 me "25 Ae > hens ae ald mk Dave les aoa, he Aaa onpaiay mot pdt Be caret al, 2 strain compatibility => £,% 003 ($2. ) = 0100303: 2) seein oan (SE-B sean te a gig) mbvo meen oe 1) samme 5, 0204295293 3 sess (000) = 2) = pyamaa spine 9 nga (osn) = 3154 mm. ‘het ae of 4 ay betes 2 = 318paweLe 210 Repeat be polonn name 9, ping F250 gra wlio Fea, 00d 350 Ay 1969 ah f= 250M 2085 + PorPe 20 eh g/d 0501 Table 3, 850) me = 05913090 2902 oe, Asn ya 9g te fre ein on Deuemine te sti mamas of es for te team soe le (ane 29 (Bae 10 « 4 Given b= 00 d= $50 Ay 1969 f= AS MPa fa 20M 1 FiatiSaer> ses 268m om age + Tokngomane nts leant, ae = 036d Obey) DE 3090018 (550 -0416%315) 286610 Nm = 20 + Nowtt Mac ab beste no ote ee hich est 037, 3% agar ntl of etn Be, ‘evar obaed a 3 Mae Auld 416%) #287 KN i terse sing asi is) 8 um hg a quasar «3.580 Sha 31980 550 = 29665 1 Nm "=H each ae), iver: be 30 50 A 196 mh f=250 Ms f= 20a 2 Silden tog 2923 nm Geom nmap 1) eget 208 00 BR 50 BALI956) 1 1999.10 N= 290 KN + Arties lane f= O87 Mariah 47-0806) 4» 250 1988 (580 94161966) $1996 1 20. Atenas 151.490 (ante esos cao, Racine) 20 cnn nd 0 el My qunty2ai97 «220660 5.204 300 0 = 2000 Nam 200k aly ac oboe. 474 it crt gt fe hme ec epee tthe Se et an gece nlite seg ats rey Tem het tne neti oicrantegnatecstioee nasa STeoa eee sae Se FOR Pa Se eo os Seis ieee >) cena chenhnne hte aoe ome user ieerie eras et Sacteead mearsicamian Stems Horie ae ae eer Lirebtimests Sotiomast Tia camino Gy md cope pr fe ge (come) ei nena geas0 My =Galt-0416) as) Howe ening he comes fe Gye hag sees ial bythe it a ese Boe oe Tg pn ay sone 4 esa epee pic eg IR) en expen rhe ta fresh ae ot ret emg sl 8 epee ‘Soa lees he to ety nt coe dee eh ‘Sie Hoween, vice testes he or te mgs ph cote oly ‘ecg shaving ii e040 fh wh ec en My) 72D * 7 ve ae ass an (9 seal intr 5 (0) ata ei ge (6 coreptct osha arg tees 9 or (0) < 718.8) Fi. 420 Benoa ofan bea econ inate inte anegen er Cand sme conse My an ay be ose, Pox me Teo, Leon cg ek ae 0/99 cane oat reve, ih meat eh 5 Dy, om ie SSE Aa4) Metapntny peare Cote(C.0 22.) may hat cece ty ro cmon ee nes ‘ree fe tk clo soa cio. A eal expsin fr nye piel rae 34> DF assy 00650, fren) <7h ‘ ue { ™ apse oo Thee Cy Mi enrich Gy = 040 falby bay fm By 4 Mg = Colt-nyP) a) ‘he on te eld yt i eso eno expend in 0D. Gut Cy = Sue wn ef 08 f 0 ae Whee > An eal coma mated rttcloed mdr Sting B46 a 70 BAT, and svi LbeB4ttl HD) eg soy ary ae OMEfab, eee “Toi engesion rth mae eet ence My ist Mag Mae By «am Hyg = 0362s (4=0416s,)+ 048744 (0) “bed 92) 0) inning Momento Resttance ‘oe ing et reac Ma atin oie cn a= Knee hee ney th ie O59, 04794 a 46d fr 250, Fd ism tke of wae sel rentecemeat (et Tale 43) Te coon 7 myc i ace ne ae api i ie ‘lis mals stedD208 i B48, he pea ce of BAS, wot oF = Sa eyo, 2178s Dy/x0208. The Coe (C.G-22 ses spied ontion 9D, a'502 fe all rae of wel — to rene te ann sumpe7. 1. 44 ad By 409 et wig oe: Mag *0362fabe 8s ~04 Au) 0467 Faby ~86) 9/4942) ae? Py (419) 436) (015 %44 +0650, for D,/d>02 bb, fe D,f502 “Te abot ng B46 yf ce et B.A th = oon) tht Be emcee made ocr inper OF ane, ft TED, Carat ae ange Wag ©0382 fb Scout O415 Fa) ae SD) 7) mots erin, wen oy aad» es Taztan a Dhow en be in cnpatiiy mad hat Be app A at ‘ponte aed cneree ett, My ay Be ae Ma seh 97 147677. fm be pl fv a dain Go be sl Chap 3) ‘Mase rove tment inate sey con exe (Piste of ges wrperinen I x mtan br be digested Int, > Mgt the calle fr epi of copie rife Inno ces nde tren paps 42 Demi te te ena fsa rte aetna ara ‘s0LUTION 1 hy #50, 20am, Be = 280, d= 520 A 398 fase e208 wpe] HOS fo P2509 gg 0804500 #276 + Paetaaing 4, Dy ml Scone eee fabyes =O 4, 252502095 « «1304 n> Dy «10 aaeaxmis0 escent eof eet net > Dy +5 > Dy tn cooeeson te wie “i 2036s 7 0.362%20%250., «=(18105)N 1+ asiing 5,20, 29.3. Ho eine gen Gy #0487 F4(6/—54)0y 447 x20. 69 ~ 290 Je) = 64D + Alo sei 5, hou 261 1x00 = 03652 + honing te fe ein cane (,, + Cy = T,)> lbs S610 = 362. = = 7.7}, = 298.3 mm ese, tec aco, ota +a 0; 24-2Jh0y thee 9p (8D) ae epee conc ck Fre 085, (0s 169) goss) = ssn n + Getty = = im, (ks) =r. 3 =A Dp Gy 262042805, (805,98 Assuming 5, 2940, +2383 2m ag ~04sr 09 (850-259308, =ss4t008, + Fer an 5 me 2761 1 isa = 17105 + Aenea eq contin (Cy Cy =). =176inm> D, = 100m ‘et Snaton onsen tn compari) + Comsontie ox, = 256mm, e, « OOMS(nN/956-1) = oOmKs ets) (they peters fe in tll fr Fe 250, Tes osraasn/aowia) = 0.010, ewe th eine ee I ined fo = 5, te 0 cid ess in sbeconen depo real ‘conde Ma ald 041) Eyld~D, 2) Sowa) s20™ 0416. 2956)+ s3640%(520~50) 464510" Nem 66 IN > Ba ‘si swore oft ote monet apy he tee et ‘lnm tye yl se ed se fds tou on so Be ‘Spc However pr he Cae tae wl ity 8 ie wae ‘Sef selon sie > ey [Ne a cope! de eter tane, f< 05 aati proce hss ere a aang gh oh i ee eh y= Synlett a ie edt Ys rs > Rol i el, Se we neo 16 a Resor Aproiate Satn 1 Avapro ed conerve on Mca ined ying to anes 226m endokig onesie of C td Cy, aboutbe conta st the "tenon ee) (Moe flbwing the” Cade paced, ipa =0is2<09 9.90) = 100mm A761). Ast Mae Ma = Cole BA65 n+ Cl6- Dr 2) = om1oxz76s)e(60 0.15216.) s86400«520-0) 0" Nm =AS5AN 1475 nats of Doubly Reltored Sections ony sr team seston Ga, sts wt comesog sel ab we ‘es set odued in Sslon re the tues tr aa ‘he dteusd The port section den wi haa tee bem stone (rng) i inate ae gY- os l AE. ea Pig-A2t eu ety era osangr ent una rt a “Ted ee nd sai "ours! tanga scion (fg 42t aw snr oe oben singh fhe! sco F171 ‘rote a ts foe open sel (aA) hich so nes © (ead Thr ef my on ay at ec th ie el sf ‘Somndng ote stint cmprenion ed. An expen Cy canbe ‘ony oan combay .4210)5 ve -eans(1-4/,) wo» tee di te dnc toe he cen of he cones sea se ‘Ke compro five ihe cnet In pis eas fad ©‘ey nang 0 0020. em Be sown hat someon et wi ‘ces an he dg yk te fe = O81) wth ne Fo gde ‘el us cal nt oc son ce Fos yd FoS00 eco ot ‘ties sais tl) Ves a et (oepenng ce ‘os ps fate! ano dee Tate Toe 45 Vit MPs ans) Sane vas do and ‘tour so corn at Arba tc odin face giv ig 2105) Cue Gy Te am ee Gu sd Cu des, he ua cms fein ie onsen the tagrenon sa or conven, efi ae of Oe comet ‘cnr Basmati nesting Co, sin ant dpc Set eal Fett el ely at ney ea 41 ft ee ee) ey nhl Ce sk Tein eechaon cf ys flow: Ge 0380.5, 209 Ca" (fn OM Tf Vy (a0 Tosheh Wie fa O85 Sunn Assy te depo he nes 2 hein eg 4 be Me O38 ‘Ts eutin provi lar aon 10 en fe = OH ad fox 08h erie fe il pen oe ky ev fa Sy be ten 087. ant ten sed, Whee, elaine ne empyema cage 8 aan avg dt t,he ae manent fan a be cae by cing mens of Cy ml Cy sou i cated of he ton net (Pg 4216) 5 low ld -O6%64, 6d) en Limtig Homan of Psion “he tie veo Ma bef nin 5 = sn ey he Man 22a 8A en)“ B4EL MA) (8) ete wf po ie mB ATE Te 12), oe conven, vale fhe fe epg, = one fo eo ase fel sie of weed abe Ulery be eddie fr oy a cer an he td ot esa the isi cst of srs Oth ay ed om secon of eae + Given £8300, d= 50 am A» 3884 we OM d= $0 am d= 982 on Sap [4050 fr F250 Sgn OSIH5H0 = 292 1 Atel f= fa ~ 087 ,anbcoae f ii e404 =F ih 5205305000, = 17) C5 =(047 250-46 20)u042 201806 ‘ors = 652497 21725, 2006-668 245, Hee te asumpon = 07h ini + Ae eg eatnst-sjatns)entaer> , «282% -ocjop Pas fa = 7 fer 87 fica + Utne moment freer Mg=Cqld- bt] 6y (8-4) 1725213) (5804632115) 2046 (850-30) Sivas imeeure 438 feex te ion in gi 8 lig Sed of FH souunen 1 ie B= 300 em d= 50mm fe = 304 wt fy = 8 [ettoatng dom hate Ua teat a 009 50-28. 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