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DeliveryFlange
DrivingShaft
VoluteCasing
SuctionFlange
Impeller
86
CentrifugalActionofC.P.Impeller
87
Figure12.1 Singlesuctionradialflowpump.
88
(a)impeller;
Idealizedradialflowimpeller
Idealized
radialflow impeller
(b)velocitydiagrams.
89
U2
Vr
2
v2
U2=v2+Vr2
90
VelocityTrianglesofliquid
Velocity
Triangles of liquid
duetoimpellerrotation
V
V1
Vr
Y1
U1
Vr1
OutletVel.Triangle
Q = YDB = Y1D1 B1
v =
DN
60
91
Theoryofcentrifugalpumpimpeller
Todevelopthebasictheoryofcentrifugalpump,itis
assumedthat:
d th t
Theimpellerconsistsofinfinitenumberofuniformsmooth
vanesofzerothickness.Usingthefollowingsymbols:
q
p
T=torqueonimpellershaft.
=angularvelocityofimpeller.
H =Idealheaddevelopedbypumpimpeller.
Ideal head developed by pump impeller.
=istheoutletbladeanglemadebytherelativevelocity
vector with v
vectorwithv.
=istheinletbladeanglemadebytherelativevelocity
vectorwithv
i h 1.
r =radius,
=radius,B
B =widthofflowpassage
92
W.D./unit wt =T
=T
T/ gQ =
T
[ V .R V1.r1]/g=(V v V1v1)/g
ForMaximumW.D./unitwt,V
W.D./unitwt,V1=0
0i.e.radialflowatinlet.
i.e.radialflowatinlet.
andtheMaximum W.D./unitwt= V .v /g
93
Impellerhead
NeglectingWhirlvelocitycomponentatinlet,radial
N
l ti Whi l l it
t t i l t di l
inletflow,v1=0
W.D.onliquid=EoEi;
Vv/g=U2/2g+Himp U12/2g (neglect U12/2g)
U2 =v2+y2 =(vy.Cot
=(v y Cot )22 +y2
Himp.=(v
( 2yy2Cosec2)/2gg
Withv=DN/60&Y=Q/(DB)=flowvel.
thenHimp.=C1N2C2Q2
&H casing=k
&H
k U2/2g
/2
H pump=H
H
Himp
.+H casing
Loss in both
i .+H
i Lossinboth
94
OTHER LOSSES:
Volumetric leakage through internal and external clearances
Mechanical rubbing, bearings, coupling, motor
The sum of ALL losses takes away from the available power
d li
delivered
d by
b th
the d
driver:
i
losses = Hydraulic
y
+ Volumetric + Mechanical
P
Pump
OVERALL efficiency
ffi i
is:
i
overall = wQHm / Psh
95
Th
Theoretical&RealPumpHeadCurve
ti l & R l P
H dC
96
Speedratio
Flowratio:
SpecificSpeed (S.I.units)
DesignKeyofHydr.Mach.
v =
DN
60
Q
Y =
=
DB
N Po
Ns =
1 . 25
H
Hydraulic,ManometricEff.
Pump Efficiency
PumpEfficiency
pump , Overall
2 ggH ,
2 gH
gH m
=
V
Vv
wQH m
=
Psh
97
Outletbladeangle
g
Inletbladeangle
Optimumnumberofblades:
Di/Do=
Bo/Do=
manometric
p
99
100
101
102
103
CentrifugalPerformancepumpCurves
104
105
RecommendedOperatingrange:60120%ofQBep
Shaftpo
owerkW
W
ExcessiveNoise&vibrationsatlowerflows
Excessive
Noise & vibrations at lower flows
Cavitationexpectedathigherflows
Recom.Range
Sh ft
Shaftpower
60%QBep
120%QBep
106
Cavation
n
B.E.P.
B
Discha
arge Recirculation
Su
uction Re
ecirculatio
on
Reduced Impeller L
R
Life
Low
w Bearing a
and Seal L
Life
Low Flo
ow Cavita
ation
High Temp. R
Rise
Head
d
Flow
107
108
OperatingPointofC.P.incertainPipeline
Pi i S t
PipingSystemHead
H d :H
Hm=H
Hst+KQ
KQ2
Pumpcurve
Pipecurve
Pipe curve
Hm=Hst+KQ2
109
hlv
PartiallyClosed
valve
Hst
QMax.
110
FromDiagramatoperatingpoint(Qmax.)
Pshh =wQHm/pump
Fordeliverypartiallyopened
Hlv= Hpump Hpipe
Pshlv
pump
sh lv =wQHlv
lv /
Energy
Energywasteinvalve=
waste in valve=
Pshlv .Workinghrs/year;kWhr.
Deliveryvalvewastesenergywhenusedtocontrol
flow =excessrunningcost
flow
excess running cost
111