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Lebanese International University

Pump Technology (MENG 570)


Spring 2014

What are pumps?


Pump is a mechanical device which converts
mechanical energy of the driving unit ( electric
motor, diesel engine, steam turbine, gas
Turbine, wind turbine, etc) to hydraulic
energy. This hydraulic energy increases the
energy of the pumped liquid and enables it to
overcome the static head and hydraulic losses
in piping system in which the pump is
interposed.

Classification of pumps

Classification of pumps (contd)


This system of classification is based on
defining the principle by which energy is
added to the fluid and identifying the means
by which the principle is implemented.
Hence, two major categories exist:
Dynamic: energy is continuously added to increase
fluid velocities within the machine such that a
pressure increase can be produced later within or
beyond the pump.

Classification of pumps (contd)


Displacement: energy is periodically added by
application of force to movable boundaries
resulting in a direct increase in pressure up to the
value required to move the fluid into the
discharge line.

Comparison
Dynamic Pumps

Positive Displacement
Pumps

1. Simple in construction.
2. Can operate at high speed
and hence compact.
3. Suitable for large volumes
of discharge at moderate
pressures.
4. Lower maintenance
requirements.
5. Delivery is smooth and
continuous.

1. More complex, consists of


several moving parts.
2. Speed is limited by the
higher inertia of the
moving parts and the fluid.
3. Suitable for fairly low
volumes of flow at high
pressures.
4. Higher maintenance cost.
5. Fluctuating flow.

Classification of dynamic pumps


This classification is based on the way by which the water
leaves the rotating part of the pump.
In radial-flow pump the water leaves the impeller in
radial direction,
while in the axial-flow pump the water leaves the
propeller in the axial direction.
In the mixed-flow pump the water leaves the impeller in
an inclined direction having both radial and axial
components

Centrifugal Pump
Centrifugal pumps (radial-flow pumps) are the most
used pumps for hydraulic purposes. For this reason,
their hydraulics will be studied in the following
sections.

Axial-flow pump

Screw pump

In the screw pump a revolving shaft fitted with


blades rotates in an inclined trough and pushes the
water up the trough.

Reciprocating pump

In the reciprocating pump a piston sucks the


fluid into a cylinder then pushes it up
causing the water to rise.

Non-mechanical pumps
No mechanical Parts.
Uses pressurized fluid
to lift another fluid.
Less operating
troubles but has low
operating efficiency.

Selection of Pumps (contd)


The lines shown in previous figure represents
the upper limits of pressure and capacity for
each of the three classes currently available
commercially.
Given that the liquid can be handled by any of
the three basic types and given conditions
within the coverage areas of all three, the
most economic order of consideration would
be centrifugal, rotary and reciprocating.

Selection of Pumps

Pump in piping system

Defining heads

Defining heads (contd)

Pipe losses

Pump Efficiency
Power output Po Q Ht
p

Power input
Pi
Pi

or

Q Ht
Pi
p

Which is the power input delivered from the motor to the


impeller of the pump.

Motor efficiency :
m
Pi
m
Pm

Pm

Pi

which is the power input delivered to the motor.

Overall efficiency of the motor-pump system:

o p m

Po
o
Pm

Example

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