Ref.

Calculation

Output

A rectangular reinforced concrete beam is simply supported on

two masonry walls 250mm thick and 8.00m apart (clear
distance). The beam has to carry to carry a distributed permanent
action of 20kN/m (excluding beam self-weight) and a variable
action of 10 kN/m. The materials to be used are grade C20
concrete, grade 500 reinforcements. The beam is inside
buildings which subjected to 1-hour fire resistance and design
for 50 years design life. Design the beam.

1.0 SPECIFICATION
W KN/m

h
L

Table 4.1

Effective span, L = 8250 mm

Actions:
Table 2.1 EN
1990
Characteristic actions,
Table 5.5
Standard
Fire
Resistance

Permanent, gk = 15 KN/m (ex. Self-weight)

Variable, qk = 10 KN/M
Design Life = 50 years (S4)
Fire resistance = R60 (Sec 4 EN 1992 -1-2)
Exposure classes = XC1

Materials:
Characteristic strength of concrete, fck = 20 N/mm
Characteristic strength of steel, fyk = 500 N/mm
Unit weight of reinforced concrete = 25 kN/m

Ref.

Calculation

Output

Assumed : bar 1 = 20mm

bar 2 = 12mm
link = 8mm

2.0 SIZE
Table:
7.4N

h = 635mm

Overall depth, h = L/14 (simply supported)

= 8250/ 14
= 635mm
Width, b = 0.4h (0.3 0.6 mm)
= 0.4 (635)
= 254 mm
Use b x h
= 250 x 650
mm

Check = b/h
= 250/650mm

650mm (h)

250mm (b)

3.0 DURABILITY, FIRE AND BOND REQUIREMENTS.

(ASSUME)
i. Min concrete cover regard to bond Cmin, bar = 20 mm
Table
EC 4.4N
m/s 51

ii. Min concrete cover regard to durability, Cmin dur = 25 mm

iii. Min required axis distance for R60, fire resistance = 40 mm
asd = a + 10 mm (4.4.1.2)
= 30 + 10
= 40 mm
Min concrete cover regard to fire resistance:
Cmin = asd link - bar = 40 8 0.5 (20)
= 22mm

Ref.

Calculation

Output

Allowance in design for deviation, Cdev = 10 mm

Nominal cover, Cnom:
Cnom = Cmin + Cdev = 22 + 10
= 32 mm 35 mm

Use Cnom
= 35mm

4.0 LOADING AND ANALYSIS

Beam self-weight, (b x h) (unit weight of R concrete) =
*(0.25 x 0.65) (25) = 4.06 kN/M
Permanent load (excluding self-weight), gk = 15 KN
Characteristic permanent action, gk
*beam selfweight + gk = 15 + 4.06 KN
= 19.06 kN/m
Characteristic variable action, Qk = 10 kN/m
Design action, Wd
Wd = 1.35 Gk + 1.5 Qk
= 1.35 (19.06) + 1.5 (10)
= 25.73 + 15
= 40.73 kN/m
40.73 KN/m

L = 8.25m

4.13m
4.13m

Gk =
19.06
kN/m
Qk = 10
kN/m

Ref.

Calculation

Output

Shear force, V

Bending Moment, M
M = Wd L2/8

V = Wd L/2

= 40.73 x 42 / 8

= 40.73 x 4 / 2
VED = 168.0 kN

MED = 346.6 kNm

5.0 MAIN REINFORCEMENT

Effective depth,
d

d = h Cnom - link 0.5bar

= 650 35 8 0.5 (20)

d = 597 mm
d = Cnom + link + 0.5bar
= 35 + 8 + 0.5 (20)
= 53 mm
Design bending moment, MED = 346.6 kNm
K=

MED
bd2fck

K = 346.6 x 106
250 (587)2 (20)
K = 0.201 > 0.167
*Redistribution = 0%
*Redistribution ratio, = 1.0
* Kbal = 0.454

K1 0.182 [ ( K1)K2 ]2 = 0.167

K2

* K > Kbal = Doubly reinforced rectangular beam (requires

compression reinforcement)
* Compression reinforcement is required

Ref.

Calculation

Output

= 0.8 x

Z1 = d d2
z = d 0.4 x

Z=d

0.25 Kbal

0.5 +

1.134

=d

0.5 + 0.25 0.164

1.134

= 0.82 d < 0.95d

Z = 0.82 d
Z = 0.82 (597)
Z = 489.54 mm
X = (d Z)
0.4
= (597 489.54)
0.4
X = 268.7 mm
Ratio = d
x

= 53

= 0.20 < 0.38

268.7

The compression steel will have yielded fsc = 0.87fyk

Ref.

Calculation
Area of reinforcement
As = (K Kbal) fck bd2
0.87 fyk (d d)
= (0.201 0.167) x (20 x 250 x 5972 )
0.87 (500) (597 - 53)
As = 256. 04mm2 (Asrequired)

As = Kbal fck bd2

+ As

0.87 fyk Z
= 0.167 x ( 20 x 250 x 5972 ) + 256.04
0.87 x 500 x 489.54
As = 1625mm2 (Asrequired)
Table 1:

Cross
Sectional
Area
According
to Size and
Number of
Bar

3H12 (As, prove = 339 mm2)

6H20 (As, prove = 1886 mm2)

Mininum area of reinforcement

As min = 0.26

fctm

bd

fyk

= 0.26

2.2

bd

500

= 0.0011 bd < 0.0013 bd

use 0.0013 bd
= 0.0013 (250) (597)
= 194.03 mm2
Max area of reinforcement

Output

Ref.

Calculation
As, max

Output

= 0.04 AC / 0.04 bh
= 0.04 x 250 x 650
= 6500 mm2

6.0 SHEAR REINFORCEMENT

- Design shear force, VED = 168.0 kN (Shear Force Diagram)
- Concrete strut capacity, VRD
VRD max = 0.36 bdfck (1-fck/250)
cot + tan

= 0.36 (250) (597) (30) 1 - 20

250
(2.5 + 0.4)
= 340.91 kN
VED < VRD max cot = 2.5
angle < 22
Shear links
Asw =

VED

168.0 x 103

S
0.78 fyk d cot
0.78 (500) (597) (2.5)
Table 2:
= 0.289
Cross
Sectional
Area for
Try link H8 = (ASW = 101 mm2)
Every
= 101/0.289
Meter
Width at Spacing, S
S = 349 mm
Distance
Between
Bar
Maximum spacing, Smax , (0.75d) = 0.75d
= 0.75 (597)
= 447.75mm

*USE H8 - 400

Use:
( = 22, cot
= 2.5)
(tan 22 =
0.4)

Ref.

Calculation

Output

Minimum link
ASW = 0.08 fck1/2 b/fyk
S
= 0.08 (20)1/2 (250/500)
= 0.179
Try link H8 (ASW = 101 mm2)

Spacing, S = 101
0.179
= 564.25 > 0.75 d

*USE H8 - 400

Shear resistance of minimum links

Vmin = ASW (0.78 d fykcot)
S
= 101

[0.78 (597) (500) (2.5)]

400
= 196 kN

168 kN
147 kN
SF = 0

-147 kN
-168 KN

H8 = 400

H8 = 400

H8 = 400

Ref.

Calculation
= 105

= 2.06

63.71

105 (x) = 131.243

= 131.243/105
= 1.250
X = 0.63 m
Additional tensile force
Ftd = 0.5Vedcot
= 0.5 (168) (2.5) = 210kN
= 346.6 x 106

MED, MAX
Z

489.54
= 708 > Ftd

Additional longitudinal reinforcement

As = Ftd
0.87fyk
= 210 x 106
0.87 x 500
= 482.76mm2

7.0 DEFLECTION
Percentage of required tension reinforcement
(7.16.b)

= Asreq
bd

1625
250 (597)

= 0.011

Reference reinforcement ratio,

0 = (fck)1/2 x 10-3
= (20)1/2 x 10-3
= 0.001

Output

Percentage of required compression reinforcemen,

= As req / bd
= 256. 04
250 x 597
= 0.002
> 0

K = 1.0

= K 11 + 1.5 fck 0

+ 1 fck

= 1.0 11 + 1.5 20

12

(0.001)

+ 1

0.011 0.002

12

= 14.4
*modification factor for span less than 7m
MFspan = 7 / L
= 7/8.25 = 0.85
*modification factor for steel area provided
MFarea = As prov
As req
= 1886
1625
MFarea = 1.16 > 1.5

Therefore allowable span effective depth ratio

x MFspan x MFarea

= 14.48 x 0.85 x 1.16

= 14.3

30 0.002
0.0055

Ref.

Calculation

Output

Actual span effective depth

=
d

actual

= 8250 = 13.81
597
Allow > actual

OK!

8.0 CRACKING
Limiting crack width, Wmax

= 0.3 mm

Steel sress
fs = fyk

Gk + 0.3Qk

1.15 1.35Gk + 1.5Qk

= 500

19.1 + 0.3 (10)

1.15

1.0

40.7

= 236.08N/mm2
Max, allowable bar spacing = 245.1
Smax = 245.1mm
Bar spacing, S = b 2(Cnom) 2 (link) 20
2
= 250 2(35) 2(8) 20
2
= 72 mm < 245.1 mm
Sprovided = 72 < S maximum 223.7

OK!