Verbs list

-by Winnie L.B.Toh

Remember a,e,i,o,u
Vo

Va

Ve( perfect
tense ed,en,t
at the end in
most cases)

Vi or Ving

added
answered
arranged
asked
bore
beat
became
began
bet
bid
bound
bit
beat
bled
blew
broke
brought
broadcast

added
answered
arranged
asked
borne
beaten
become
begun
bet
bidden
bound
bitten
beaten
bled
blown
broken
brought
broadcast

adding
answering
arranging
asking
bearing
beating
becoming
beginning
betting
bidding
binding
biting
beating
bleeding
blowing
breaking
bringing
broadcasting

built
bought
called
cast
caught
chose
cleaned
came
cost
cried
cut
dealt
dug

built
bought
called
cast
caught
chosen
cleaned
come
cost
cried
cut
dealt
dug

building
buying
calling
casting
catching
choosing
cleaning
coming
costing
crying
cutting
dealing
digging

(original verb) (past tense)

Add (1-3)
answer (1-6)
Arrange (4-6)
Ask (1-3)
bear (1-6)
beat (4-6)
become (1-3)
begin (1-6)
Bet (1-6)
Bid (4-6)
Bind (4-6)
Bite (1-6)
Beat (4-6)
Bleed (4-6)
Blow (1-6)
Break (1-6)
Bring (1-6)
Broadcast( 46)
Build (1-6)
Buy (1-6)
Call (1-3)
Cast (4-6)
Catch (1-6)
Choose (4-6)
Clean (1-3)
Come (1-3)
Cost (4-6)
Cry (1-3)
Cut (1-3)
Deal (4-6)
Dig (4-6)

(continuous
tense)

Do (1-3)
Draw (1-3)
Drink (1-3)
Drive (1-3)
Eat (1-6)
Equip (4-6)
Fall (1-6)
Feed (4-6)
Feel (4-6)
Fight (4-6)
Find (1-6)
Forbid (4-6)
Forget (4-6)
Forgive (4-6)
Freeze (4-6)
Get (1-3)
Give (1-3)
Go (1-3)
Grow (4-6)
Hang (4-6)
Have (1-3)
Hear (1-6)
Hide (4-6)
Hit (1-3)
Hold (4-6)
Hurt (1-3)
Keep (1-6)
Know (4-6)
Lay (4-6)
Lead (4-6)
Leave (4-6)
Learn (4-6)
Lend (1-3)
Let (4-6)
Light (4-6)
Live (1-3)
Look (1-3)
Make (1-6)
Meet (1-6)
Pay (1-3)
Put (1-3)
Read (4-6)

did
drew
drank
drove
ate
equipped
fell
fed
felt
fought
found
forbad
forgot
forgave
froze
got
gave
went
grew
hung
had
heard
hid
hit
held
hurt
kept
knew
laid
led
left
learnt
lent
let
lighted
lived
looked
made
met
paid
put
read

done
drawn
drunk
driven
eaten
equipped
fallen
fed
felt
fought
found
forbidden
forgotten
forgiven
frozen
gotten
given
gone
grown
hung
had
heard
hidden
hit
held
hurt
kept
known
laid
led
left
learnt
lent
let
lighted
lived
looked
made
met
paid
put
read

doing
drawing
drinking
driving
eating
equipping
falling
feeding
feeling
fighting
finding
forbidding
forgetting
forgiving
freezing
getting
giving
going
growing
hanging
having
hearing
hiding
hitting
holding
hurting
keeping
knowing
laying
leading
leaving
learning
lending
letting
lighting
living
looking
making
meeting
paying
putting
reading

Ring (1-6)
Rise (4-6)
Run (1-3)
Say (1-3)
See (1-3)
Sell (1-3)
Send (1-6)
Sew (4-6)
Shed (4-6)
Shoot (4-6)
Sing (1-3)
Sit (1-3)
Sleep (1-6)
Spill (4-6)
Speak (4-6)
Sweep (4-6)
Stop (1-6)
Show (1-3)
Take (1-3)
Teach (1-6)
Tell (1-3)
Think (4-6)
Throw (4-6)
Understand
(4-6)
Wake (4-6)
Win (4-6)
Write (1-6)
Yell (4-6)

rang
rose
ran
said
saw
sold
sent
sewed
shed
shot
sang
sat
slept
spilt
spoke
swept
stopped
showed
took
taught
told
thought
threw
understood

rung
risen
run
said
seen
sold
sent
sewn
shed
shot
sung
sat
slept
spilt
spoken
swept
stopped
shown
taken
taught
told
thought
thrown
understood

ringing
rising
running
saying
seeing
selling
sending
sewing
shedding
shooting
singing
sitting
sleeping
spilling
speaking
sweeping
stopping
showing
taking
teaching
telling
thinking
throwing
understanding

woke
won
wrote
yelled

woken
won
written
yelled

waking
winning
writing
yelling

ring
sing

rang
sang

rung
sung

ringing
singing

come
become

came
became

come
become

coming
becoming

stand
understand

stood
understood

stood
understood

standing
understanding

Memory
techniques:

say
pay
tell
sell

said
paid
told
sold

said
paid
told
sold

saying
paying
telling
selling

find
bind

found
bound

found
bound

finding
binding

get
forget

got
forgot

gotten
forgotten

getting
forgetting

give
forgive

gave
forgave

given
forgiven

giving
forgiving

send
lend

sent
lent

sent
lent

sending
sending

rise
arise

rose
arose

risen
arisen

rising
arising

wake
awake

woke
awoke

waken
awaken

let
set
sweep
creep

waking
awakening

let
set

let
set

letting
setting

swept
crept

swept
crept

sweeping
creeping

Study Scope:
Standard 1-2: E.g. She walks everyday.(Present Tense)
I went to school yesterday. (Past Tense)
She is listening to the music now. (Present Continuous
Tense)
Standard 3:
E.g. She walks everyday.(Present Tense)
I went to school yesterday. (Past Tense)
I will see you tomorrow.(Future Tense)
I have done my homework already. (Present Perfect Tense)
She is listening to the music now. (Present Continuous
Tense)
She was listening to the phone call when you came.( Past
Continuous Tense)
Standard 4-6:
She walks everyday.(Present Tense)
I went to school yesterday. (Past Tense)
I will see you tomorrow.(Future Tense)
I have done my homework already. (Present Perfect Tense)
I had finished my dinner when you arrived( Past Perfect
Tense)
She is listening to the music now. (Present Continuous
Tense)

She was listening to the phone call when you came.( Past
Continuous Tense)

Exercise:

English Grammar - Irregular verbs

infinitive

simple past

past participle

be

was/were

been

bear

bore

borne/born (AE)

beat

beat

beaten

become

became

become

begin

began

begun

bend

bent

bent

bet*

bet

bet

bid

bid, bade

bid, bidden

bind

bound

bound

bite

bit

bitten

bleed

bled

bled

blow

blew

blown

break

broke

broken

breed

bred

bred

bring

brought

brought

broadcast

broadcast

broadcast

build

built

built

burst

burst

burst

bust*

bust

bust

buy

bought

bought

cast

cast

cast

catch

caught

caught

choose

chose

chosen

cling

clung

clung

come

came

come

cost

cost

cost

creep

crept

crept

cut

cut

cut

deal

dealt

dealt

dig

dug

dug

dive

dived/dove(AE)

dived

do

did

done

draw

drew

drawn

drink

drank

drunk

drive

drove

driven

eat

ate

eaten

fall

fell

fallen

feed

fed

fed

feel

felt

felt

fight

fought

fought

find

found

found

flee

fled

fled

fling

flung

flung

fly

flew

flown

forbid

forbade, forbad

forbidden

forecast*

forecast

forecast

forget

forgot

forgotten

forsake

forsook

forsaken

freeze

froze

frozen

get

got

got, gotten (AE)

give

gave

given

grind

ground

ground

go

went

gone

grow

grew

grown

hang

hung

hung

have

had

had

hear

heard

heard

hide

hid

hidden

hit

hit

hit

hold

held

held

hurt

hurt

hurt

keep

kept

kept

know

knew

known

lay

laid

laid

lead

led

led

lean

leant

leant

leave

left

left

lend

lent

lent

let

let

let

lie

lay

lain

light*

lit

lit

lose

lost

lost

make

made

made

mean

meant

meant

meet

met

met

mow*

mowed

mown

pay

paid

paid

prove*

proved

proven

put

put

put

quit*

quit

quit

read

read

read

rid

rid

rid

ride

rode

ridden

ring

rang

rung

rise

rose

risen

run

ran

run

say

said

said

see

saw

seen

seek

sought

sought

sell

sold

sold

send

sent

sent

set

set

set

sew*

sewed

sewn

shake

shook

shaken

shear*

sheared

shorn

shed

shed

shed

shine

shone

shone

shoot

shot

shot

show*

showed

shown

shut

shut

shut

sing

sang

sung

sink

sank

sunk

sit

sat

sat

slay

slew

slain

sleep

slept

slept

slide

slid

slid

sling

slung

slung

slink

slunk

slunk

slit

slit

slit

sow

sowed

sown

speak

spoke

spoken

speed*

sped

sped

spend

spent

spent

spill*

spilt

spilt

spin

spun

spun

spit

spat, spit

spat, spit

split

split

split

spread

spread

spread

spring

sprang

sprung

stand

stood

stood

steal

stole

stolen

stick

stuck

stuck

sting

stung

stung

stink

stank, stunk

stunk

stride

strode

stridden

strike

struck

struck

string

strung

strung

strive

strove

striven

swear

swore

sworn

sweep

swept

swept

swell*

swelled

swollen

swim

swam

swum

swing

swung

swung

take

took

taken

teach

taught

taught

tear

tore

torn

tell

told

told

think

thought

thought

thrive*

throve

thrived

throw

threw

thrown

trust

trust

trust

tread

trod

trodden, trod

understand

understood

understood

wake*

woke

woken

wear

wore

worn

weave

wove

woven

weep

wept

wept

wet*

wet

wet

win

won

won

wind

wound

wound

wring

wrung

wrung

write

wrote

written

* regular form (+ -ed) also possible.

The trend, in English, and especially in American English, is to standardize the irregular verbs.
We do not foresee all the irregular verbs ever being standardized, but some of the more minor
variations in less commonly used words will probably disappear in the next genration or two.
The following English irregular verbs are now obsolete and use the standard past and
participle forms (-ed).
infinitive

simple past

past participle

burn

burnt

burnt

dream

dreamt

dreamt

dwell

dwelt

dwelt

kneel

knelt

knelt

lean

leaned

leaned

learn

learnt

learnt

mow

mowed

mowed

smell

smelt

smelt

spell

spelt

spelt

spill

spilt

spilt

spoil

spoilt

spoilt

Regular Verbs

base

-s form

past

past participle -ing form

call
clean

calls
cleans

called
cleaned

called
cleaned

calling
cleaning

look
talk

looks
talks

looked
talked

looked
talked

looking
talking

1
1

end
wait

ends
waits

ended
waited

ended
waited

ending
waiting

2
2

kiss
wash

kisses
washes

kissed
washed

kissed
washed

kissing
washing

3
3

live
love

lives
loves

lived
loved

lived
loved

living
loving

4
4

beg
sin

begs
sins

begged
sinned

begged
sinned

begging
sinning

5
5

play
stay

plays
stays

played
stayed

played
stayed

playing
staying

cry

cries
studies

cried
studied

cried
studied

crying
studying

die
tie

dies
ties

died
tied

died
tied

dying
tying

Notes:

Irregular Verbs

base

-s form

past

past participle

-ing form

cut
fit
hit
let

cuts
fits
hits
lets

cut
fit
hit
let

cut
fit
hit
let

cutting
fitting
hitting
letting

notes

6
6

put
quit
set
shut
split
upset

puts
quits
sets
shuts
splits
upsets

put
quit
set
shut
split
upset

put
quit
set
shut
split
upset

putting
quitting
setting
shutting
splitting
upsetting

burst
cast
cost
hurt

bursts
casts
costs
hurts

burst
cast
cost
hurt

burst
cast
cost
hurt

bursting
casting
costing*
hurting

spread

spreads

spread

spread

spreading

knit

knits

knit/knitted

knit/knitted

knitting

sit
spit

sits
spits

sat
spat/spit

sat
spat/spit

sitting
spitting

begin
swim

begins
swims

began
swam

begun
swum

beginning
swimming

ring
sing
spring

rings
sings
springs

rang
sang
sprang

rung
sung
sprung

ringing
singing
springing

cling
fling
sling
sting
swing
wring

clings
flings
slings
stings
swings
wrings

clung
flung
slung
stung
swung
wrung

clung
flung
slung
stung
swung
wrung

clinging
flinging
slinging
stinging
swinging
wringing

hang

hangs

hung/hanged**

hung/hanged

hanging

drink
shrink
stink

drinks
shrinks
stinks

drank
shrank
stank

drunk
shrunk
stunk

sinking
shrinking
stinking

think
bring

thinks
brings

thought
brought

thought
brought

thinking
bringing

buy
seek
fight

buys
seeks
fights

bought
sought
fought

bought
sought
fought

buying
seeking
fighting

catch
teach

catches
teaches

caught
taught

caught
taught

catching
teaching

creep
keep
sleep
sweep

creeps
keeps
sleeps
sweeps

crept
kept
slept
swept

crept
kept
slept
swept

creeping
keeping
sleeping
sweeping

weep

weeps

wept

wept

weeping

bleed
breed
feed
flee
lead
speed

bleeds
breeds
feeds
flees
leads
speeds

bled
bred
fed
fled
led
sped/speeded

bled
bred
fed
fled
led
sped/speeded

bleeding
breeding
feeding
fleeing
leading
speeding

meet

meets

met

met

meeting

bend
lend
send
spend

bends
lends
sends
spends

bent
lent
sent
spent

bent
lent
sent
spent

bending
lending
sending
spending

deal
feel
kneel

deals
feels
kneels

dealt
felt
knelt

dealt
felt
knelt

dealing
feeling
kneeling

dream

dreams

dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed dreaming

mean

means

meant

meant

meaning

spill

spills

spilt/spilled

spilt/spilled

spilling

build

builds

built

built

building

burn

burns

burnt/burned

burnt/burned

burning

hold

holds

held

held

holding

sell
tell

sells
tells

sold
told

sold
told

selling
telling

find
grind
wind

finds
grinds
winds

found
ground
wound

found
ground
wound

finding
grinding
winding

break
choose
freeze
speak
steal
wake
weave

breaks
chooses
freezes
speaks
steals
wakes
weaves

broke
chose
froze
spoke
stole
woke
wove

broken
chosen
frozen
spoken
stolen
woken
woven

breaking
choosing
freezing
speaking
stealing
waking
weaving

arise
drive
ride
rise
write

arises
drives
rides
rises
writes

arose
drove
rode
rose
wrote

arisen
driven
ridden
risen
written

arising
driving
riding
rising
writing

bite
hide
slide

bites
hides
slides

bit
hid
slid

bitten
hidden
slid

biting
hiding
sliding

get
forget

gets
forgets

got
forgot

gotten
forgotten

getting
forgetting

give
forgive
forbid

gives
forgives
forbids

gave
forgave
forbade/forbad

given
forgiven
forbidden

giving
forgiving
forbidding

fall

falls

fell

fallen

falling

swell

swells

swelled

swollen

swelling

dive

dives

dove/dived

dived

diving

blow
fly
grow
know
throw

blows
flies
grows
knows
throws

blew
flew
grew
knew
threw

blown
flown
grown
known
thrown

blowing
flying
growing
knowing
throwing

draw
withdraw

draws
withdraws

drew
withdrew

drawn
withdrawn

drawing
withdrawing

show

shows

showed

shown

showing

eat

eats

ate

eaten

eating

beat

beats

beat

beaten

beating

take
forsake
mistake
shake

takes
forsakes
mistakes
shakes

took
forsook
mistook
shook

taken
forsaken
mistaken
shaken

taking
forsaking
mistaking
shaking

make

makes<TDMADE<

td><TDMADE< td>

making

swear
wear
tear
bear

swears
wears
tears
bears

swore
wore
tore
bore

sworn
worn
torn
born

swearing
wearing
tearing
bearing

stand
understand

stands
understands

stood
understood

stood
understood

standing
understanding

become
come
run

becomes
comes
runs

became
came
ran

become
come
run

becoming
coming
running

dig

digs

dug

dug

digging

spin
stick

spins
sticks

spun
stuck

spun
stuck

spinning
sticking

strike

strikes

struck

struck/stricken

striking

do
go

does
goes

did
went

done
gone

doing
going

have

has

had

had

having

hear

hears

heard

heard

hearing

lay
pay
say

lays
pays
says

laid
paid
said

laid
paid
said

laying
paying
saying

lie

lies

lay

lain

lying

light

lights

lit/lighted

lit/lighted

lighting

lose

loses

lost

lost

losing

leave

leaves

left

left

leaving

prove

proves

proved

proven/proved

proving

read

reads

read

read

reading

see

sees

saw

seen

seeing

sew

sews

sewed

sewn/sewed

sewing

shave

shaves

shaved

shaven/shaved

shaving

shine

shines

shined/shone

shined/shone

shining

shoot

shoots

<SHOT< td>

shot

shooting

win

wins

won

won

winning

be

is/are/am

was/were

been

being