KEIYSHI

i-keiyshi
present tense
(affirmative)
(negative)
ii desu
yokunai desu
yasui desu
kii desu

na-keiyshi
present tense
(affirmative)
(negative)
shinsetsu desu shinsetsu dewa
arimasen
yasukunai desu Kirei desu
kirei dewa
arimasen
kikunai desu shizuka desu
shizuka dewa
arimasen

i-keiyshi
past tense
yokatta desu
yokunakatta
desu

na-keiyshi
past tense
shinsetsu
shinsetsu dewa
deshita
arimasen
deshita
yasukatta desu Yasukunakatta kirei deshita
kirei dewa
desu
arimasen
deshita
kikatta desu
kiikunakatta shizuka deshita shizuka dewa
desu
arimasen
deshita

KEIYSHI (Adjective + noun)

i-keiyshi + noun
present tense
(affirmative)
(negative)
ii tokei desu
ii tokei dewa
arimasen
yasui kamera
desu
kii uchi desu

na-keiyshi + noun
present tense
(affirmative)
(negative)
shinsetsuna
shinsetsuna
hito desu
hito dewa
arimasen
yasui kamera
kireina hana
kireina hana
dewa arimasen desu
dewa arimasen
kii uchi dewa shizukana
shizukana
arimasen
tokoro desu
tokoro dewa
arimasen

i-keiyshi + noun
past tense
ii tokei deshita ii tokei dewa
arimasen
deshita
yasui kamera
deshita
kii uchi
deshita

na-keiyshi + noun
past tense
shinsetsuna
shinsetsuna
hito deshita
hito dewa
arimasen
deshita
yasui kamera
kireina hana
kireina hana
dewa arimasen deshita
dewa arimasen
deshita
kii uchi dewa shizukana
shizukana
arimasen
tokoro deshita tokoro dewa
deshita
arimasen
deshita

noun
present tense
ame desu
ame dewa
arimasen
hare desu

hare dewa
arimasen

noun
past tense
ame deshita
ame dewa
arimasen
deshita
hare deshita
hare dewa
arimasen
deshita
2

SENTENCE PATTERN

1) Sakura wa chiisai desu.

2) Sakura wa chiisai hana desu.
3) Bunga Raya wa chiisakunai desu.
4) Bunga Raya wa chiisai hana dewa arimasen.
5) Sakura wa kirei desu.
6) Sakura wa kireina hana desu.
7) Ali-san wa ymei dewa arimasen.
8) Ali-san wa ymeina hito dewa arimasen
9) Kin no eiga wa omoshirokatta desu.
10) Kin no eiga wa omoshiroi eiga deshita.
11) Kin no konsto wa omoshirokunakatta desu.
12) Kin no konsto wa omoshiroi konsto dewa arimasen
deshita.
13) Watashi wa sensh hima deshita.
14) Watashi wa sensh hima dewa arimasen deshita.
15) Sensh wa himana yasumi deshita.
16) Sensh wa himana yasumi dewa arimasen deshita.

Question word (present tense)

~ d desu ka
~donna + noun desu ka

Question word (past tense)

~ d deshita ka
~donna + noun deshita ka

Rei.
1. Anata no gakk wa d desu ka.
Watashi no gakk wa kii
desu.
Watashi no gakk wa kii
gakk desu.
2. Anata no gakk wa donna
gakk desu ka.
Watashi no gakk wa kii
desu.
Watashi no gakk wa kii
gakk desu.

Rei.
1. Ana-san no gakk wa d
deshita ka.
Ana-san no gakk wa ymei
deshita.
Ana-san no gakk wa ymeina
gakk deshita.
2. Ana-san no gakk wa donna
gakk deshita ka.
Ana-san no gakk wa ymei
deshita.
Ana-san no gakk wa ymeina
gakk deshita.

I -KEIYSHI
Present (+ve)
Akai (red)
Akarui (bright)
Amai (sweet)
Aoi (blue)
Atarashii
(new/fresh)
Atatakai
(warm)
Atsui (hot)
Chiisai (small)
Chikai (near)
Furui (old)
Ii/yoi (good)
Karai
(hot/spicy)

Present (-ve)

Past (+ve)

Past (-ve)

Kuroi (black)
Mazui
(tasteless)
Muzukashii
(difficult)
Oishii
(delicious)
kii (big)
Omoshiroi
(interesting)
Osoi (slow/late)
Samui (cold)/
tsumetai (cold
drink)
Shiroi (white)
Suppai (sour)
Suzushii (cool)
Takai
(expensive)
Tanoshii
(enjoy/fun)
Ti (far)
Tsumaranai
(bored)
Warui (bad)
Yasashii (easy)
Yasui (cheap)

NA -KEIYSHI
5

Present (+ve)
Present (-ve)
Benri
(convenient)
Fuben (not
convenient)
Genki (healthy)
Hansamu
(hansamu)
Hima (free ~
time)
Kirei (beautiful)
Nigiyaka
(lively)
Shinsetsu (kind)
Shizuka (quiet)
Ymei
(famous)

Past (+ve)

Past (-ve)

MEISHI (NOUN)
Present (+ve)
Present (-ve)
Ame (rain)
Benky (study)
Byki (sick)
Dto (quiet)
Eiga (movie)
Hare (shiny)
Jugy
(class/lesson)
Kaigi (meeting)
Kaimono
(shopping)
Kumori
(cloudy)
Pt (party)
Shiken

Past (+ve)

Past (-ve)

(examination)
Shutch
(outstation)
Tesuto (test)
Yasumi
(holiday)
Yuki (snow)
PRESENT TENSE
i-adj + i-adj (present tense) kikute, hiroi desu
i-adj + na-adj (present tense) kikute, kirei desu
na-adj + i-adj (present tense) Kireide, kii desu
na-adj + na-adj (present tense) Kireide, ymei desu.
i-adj + i-adj + Noun (present tense) kikute, hiroi hoteru desu
i-adj + na-adj + Noun (present tense) kikute, kireina hoteru desu
na-adj + i-adj + Noun (present tense) Kireide, kii hoteru desu
na-adj + na-adj + Noun (present tense) Kireide, ymeina hoteru
desu.

PAST TENSE
7

i-adj + i-adj (past tense) kikute, hirokatta desu

i-adj + na-adj (past tense) kikute, kirei deshita
na-adj + i-adj (past tense) Kireide, kikatta desu
na-adj + na-adj (past tense) Kireide, ymei deshita
i-adj + i-adj + Noun (past tense) kikute, hiroi hoteru deshita
i-adj + na-adj + Noun (past tense) kikute, kireina hoteru deshita
na-adj + i-adj + Noun (past tense) Kireide, kii hoteru deshita
na-adj + na-adj + Noun (past tense) Kireide, ymeina hoteru
deshita

Exercise
8

Shitsumon ni kotaenasai.
I.
Q: Shmatsu ni doko e ikimashita ka.
A: _________________________________.
Q: Marakka wa ____________________________ ka.
A: Marakka wa ymei de, nigiyakana tokoro deshita.
Q: Marakka no ryori wa d deshita ka.
A: ___________________________________________.
II.
Q: ____________________________________________.
A: Sensh imto no tanjbi deshita kara.
Q: ____________________________________________.
A: Pati wa totemo tanoshikute, nigiyaka deshita.

Aini Aziz
2003,2015