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GATE-2016

Index
1. Question Paper Analysis
2. Question Paper & Answer keys

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

ANALYSIS OF GATE 2016


Electronic & Communication Engineering

NETWORK 10%

CONTROL
SYSTEM 8%
SIGNAL & SYSTEM 5%

MATHS 12%

EMT 12%

ANALOG CIRCUITS 11%

EDC 9%

COMMUNICATION 10%

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

ECE ANALYSIS-2016_31-JAN_MORNING
SUBJECT

No. OF
QUESTIONS

Topics Asked in Paper


Star-Delta; Basic Networks;
Dependent Source;
Maximum Power Transfer
Bode Plot; Time Response;
Nyquist Plot; Initial Value
(L.T)

Level of
Toughness

Total
Marks

EASY

10

EASY

Networks

1 M: 4
2 M: 3

Control
System

1 M: 2
2 M: 3

Signals &
Systems

1 M: 1
2 M: 2

Digital filters; Energy and


Power; DFT

EASY

Digital & uP

1 M: 2
2 M: 3

DAC; Flip-flop; Finite State


Machines*, Memory Interface

MODERATE

Analog
Circuits

1 M: 3
2 M: 4

Op-Amp; Elber-Moll Model;


Current Mirror;

TOUGH

11

Com. Systems

1 M: 4
2 M: 3

Random Process

TOUGH

10

EDC

1 M: 1
2 M: 4

P-n Junction; NMOS

MODERATE

EMT

1 M: 4
2 M: 4

MODERATE

12

Engineering
Mathematics

1 M: 4
2 M: 4

MODERATE

12

GA

1 M: 5
2 M: 5

EASY

15

Total

65

MODERATE

100

Optical Fibers*; Electrostatics;


Lorentz Force Uniform Plane
Waves; Transmission Lines
Joint Distribution*; Analytic
Function; Greens Theorem;
Eulers Method; Eigen Values;
Verbal Ability; Time and
Work; Directions; Venn
Diagrams; Mensuration and
Area; Clock

* Indicates Questions from New Syllabus


Faculty Feedback: Quite a few questions came from New Syllabus; General Ability was pretty easy;
Not many calculations except from Electronic Devices; Time Management very
critical.

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GATE-2016
Question Paper
&
Answer Keys

.
GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

GATE 2016 Examination


Electronics and Communication Engineering
Test Date:

31/01/2016

Test Time:

9:00 AM to 12:00 PM

Subject Name:

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING


Section: General Aptitude

Q.No. 1

[Ans. C]
In degrees of comparison Mr. X is taller than Mr. Y is apt.
Positive degree tall
Comparative degree taller
Superlative degree tallest
Q.No. 2

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q.No. 3

[Ans. C]
rest is history is an idiomatic expression which means rest is well known
Q.No. 4

[Ans. C]
Q.No. 5

[Ans. B]
M works with twice efficiency as E but worked for half as many days. So in this repsect they will
do equal work if their shifts would have been for same timings. But Ms shift is for hrs, while Es
shift for 12 hrs. Hence E will do twice the work as M.
Ratio of contribution of M : E in work, 1 : 2

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q.No. 6

[Ans. D]
12

13

7
14

17
15

The number of student who like to read books or play sports have been shown
= 13 + 12 + 44 + 7 + 15 + 1
= 108

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q.No. 7

[Ans. A]
Until the colonial period means pre-colonial origin. Other options cant be inferred.
Q.No. 8

[Ans. D]
11
10

12

1
2

Mirror image of 1 : 20 is 10 : 30
10 : 30 was the time two and quarter hour back so time now will be 12 : 45

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q.No. 9

[Ans. C]
M

10 km
52
10 km
52
5

5
22
22

22

N
See the adjoining figure for solution
MM = 52 + 5 22 = 5 + 72
NM = 10 + 52 22 = 10 + 32
MN = (MM )2 + (NM )2
2

M = (5 + 72) + (10 + 32) = 20.61


Q.No. 10

[Ans. B]

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Section: Technical
Q NO. 1.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.95 to 1.05


A has an Eigen value is zero
|A| = 0
3
2
4
|9
7
13 | = 0
6 4 9 + x
3( 63 + 7x + 52) 2(81 + 9x + 78) + 4(36 + 42) = 0
3(7x 11) 2(9x 3) + 4(6) = 0
21x 33 18x + 6 + 24 = 0
3x 3 = 0
x=1
Q NO. 2.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.0 to 0.0


f(z) = 2z 3 + b1 |z|3
Given that f(z) is analytic.
which is possible only when b = 0
since |z|3 is differentiable at the origin but not analytic.
2z 3 is analytic everywhere
f(z) = 2z 3 + b|z|3 is analytic
only when b = 0
Q NO. 3.

Q NO. 4.

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

[Ans. C]

y
y = sin x

y = x/2
x

Hence 3 solutions.
Q NO. 5.

[Ans. *] Range: 90 to 90
I = x15 cos t + y5 sin t
|I| = (15 cos t)2 + (5 sin t)2
= 225 cos 2 t + 25 sin2 t
= 25 + 200 cos 2 t
|I|is minimum when cos 2 t = 0
or = t = 90

Q NO. 6.

[Ans. B]

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 7.

[Ans. D]
Q NO. 8.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.30 to 0.34


At resonance (for parallel RLC circuit)
IR = I
IL = QI 90
IC = QI90
For parallel RLC circuit
|IL | IQ
C
10 106
=
= Q = R = 10
= 0.316
|IR |
I
L
10 103

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 9.

[Ans. *] Range: 2.98 to 3.02

Q NO. 10.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.24 to 0.26


X()
1
sin t

sin 4t
=
4t

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

X()

1
4

1 sin 4t

4
t

1
1 4 1 2
|X()|2 d =
( ) d
2
2 4 4
1
1
1
[8] = = 0.25 J
=

2 16
4

Energy Ex(t) =

Q NO. 11.

Q NO. 12.

[Ans. D]
1
W
(VGS VT )
n Cox
L
rds = channel resistance
W r A correct
VT r B correct
L r C correct
VGS r D wrong statement
rds =

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 13.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.25 to 0.25


id
i1
2 k
+ 2V

VA
i2

6K

Let diode ON
VA = 2 0.7 = 1.3 V
1.3
0.7
i2 =
; i1 =
6K
2K
1.3
0.7
id = i2 i1 =
mA
mA = Ve
6
2
Not possible
Diode is OFF

2 k
+ 2V

i2 =

i2
6K

2V
= 0.25 mA
2K + 6K

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 14.

[Ans. *] Range: 570 to 610


VCC = 6V

R1
Q1

I1 = 1mA

I0
Q2
R2

6 0.7
= 5.3 k; Given circuit is wildar current soruce, so
103
I1
Io R 2 = VT ln ( )
I0
4
R 2 = 10 26 903 (2.302)
R 2 = 598.672
R1 =

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 15.

[Ans. A]
Q NO. 16.

[Ans. B]

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 17.

[Ans. *] Range: 1.45 to 1.55


CLK
0
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
2
1
0
0
1
0
3
0
1
0
0
1
4
1
0
1
0
0
5
0
1
0
1
0
The waveform of the gate output
Y + Q3 + Q5

= +
0
1
0
1
1
0

0 T 2T 3T 4T 5T
T1 = 5T
Average power dissipated
V 2 TON
52
3T
P=

R
T
10k 5T
= 1.5 mW

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 18.

[Ans. A]
In case of a full adder,
Cout (A, B, Cin ) = (3,5,6,7)
Applied at select
input of MUX
I0
Cin 0
Cin 1
0
I0 = 0
I1 = Cin
I2 = Cin
I3 = 1

I1
2

Cin

Applied at data
input of MUX
I2
I3
4


Cin 1

Q NO. 19.

[Ans. *] 0.96 to 1.04

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 20.

[Ans. A]
1s

and G(s) = tan1 tan1


4 + 2s
2
1
at s = 0, |G(s)| = = 0.25 and G(s)|=0 = 0
4
1
at s = , |G(s)| = = 0.5 and G(s)|= = 180
2
Nyquist plot is
Im
G(s) =

0.5

0.25

Re

Hence number of encirclements of (1 + j0) = 0

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 21.

[Ans. *] Range: 1.74 to 1.76


Minimum required average code word length in bits for error free reconstruction
Lmin = H (Entropy)
1
1
1
1
H = log 2 2 + log 2 4 + log 2 8 + log 2 8
2
4
5
8
1 1 3 3
= + + + = 1.75
2 2 8 8
Lmin = 1.75 bits/word

Q NO. 22.

[Ans. *] Range: 15.9to 16.1


fs = 8 kHz
n = 8 bits/sample; M = 4
Rb
Rb 8 8
BWmin =
=
=
= 16 kHz
2 log 2 M
4
4
Q NO. 23.

[Ans. A]
Bz magnetic field
vx ax + vz az velocity
F = Q (v B) by Lorents law
= Q (vx ax + vz az ) Baz
Fy = Qvx . B (ay )
This results in a circular path in the XY plane with vzaz component causing a
linear path.
Both result in a helical path in Z axis.

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 24.

[Ans. D]
vp = / can be calculated. Polarization can be identified.
r and r cannot be found, due to which power flux cannot be calculated as power
Flux
P=

1 |E|2
r
, where = 120
2
r

Q NO. 25.

[Ans. *] Range: 32 to 33
sin max = n12 n22 = 1.52 1.42
max = sin1 (0.5385) = 32.58
Q NO. 26.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.6 to 0.67


dy
= 3y + 2, y(0) = 1
dx

If |1 3h| < 1, then solution of differential equation is stable.


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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

1 < 1 3h < 1
2 < 3 h < 0
2
0<h<
3
2
hmax = = 0.66
3
Q NO. 27.

[Ans. *] Range: . to 0.03


By Greens theorem
d
d
(xy 2 )) dxdy
xy 2 dx + x 2 y dy = ( (x 2 y)
dx
dy
R
= (2xy 2xy) = 0
R

Q NO. 28.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.32 to 0.34


(1x)

P(X + Y 1) =

fxy (x, y)dxdy

x=0 y=0
(1x)
1

(1x)

y2
(x + y)dxdy = (xy + )
=
2 0
x=0 y=0
x=0
1
(1 x)2
= (x(1 x) +
) dx
2
x=0
1

1 x2
x x3
= ( ) dx = ( )
2
2 6 0
x=0 2
1 1 1
= = = 0.33
2 6 3

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 29.

[Ans. *] Range: 2.9 to 3.1


Trace of A = 14
a + 5 + 2 + b = 14
a+b= 7
...
det(A) = 100
a 3 7
5 |0 2 1| = 100
0 0 b
5 2 a b = 100
10 ab = 100
ab = 100
...
From equation and
either a = 5, b = 2
or a = 2 b = 5
|a b| = |5 2| = 3
Q NO. 30.

[Ans. D]

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GATE-2016

A
1/3
1/3

1/3

4/3

1
B

ECE-SET 2

4/3

4/3

Convert inner network to star


Now convert inner star to
3 16/9
16 3
=
=3
= 4
4/3
9 4
So, equivalent circuit will be
4
A
1
1

4
4 4 8
+ =
5 5 5
8 4
8 4 55
or =
12
5 5
5
32 1
=
=
12 5
32 16
8
=
=
=
60 30 15
8
R ab =
= 0.533
15
14 =

Q NO. 31.

[Ans. *] Range: 4.9 to 5.1


Current through R 2 os Vx

Vx
5

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Apply KVL to loop


60 = 5(0.24 Vx ) + 3(0.2Vx ) + Vx
60 = 1.2 Vx + 0.6Vx + Vx
60
60 = Vx (2.8), Vx =
= 21.428 Volts
2.8
21.428
i=
= 4.2857 Amp
5
Q NO. 32.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.04 to 0.06


2s + 6
1
1
Given H(s) = 2
=
+
s + 6s + 8 s + 2 s + 4
h(t) = e2t u(t) + e4t u(t)
Given, fs = 2 Hz
n
For discrete time, t = nTs =
2
h[n] = (en + e2n )u[n]
1
1
H(z) =
+
1
1
1e Z
1 e2 Z 1
Z
Z
=
+
Z e1 Z e2
2
2Z 0.5032Z
= 2
Z 0.5032Z + 0.049
K = 0.049
Q NO. 33.

[Ans. *] Range: 5.9 to 6.1


From the given question
n
x1 [n] = x [ ]
3
X1 [K] = {12,2j, 0, 2j, 12,2j, 0, 2j, 12,2j, 0, 2j}
X1 [8] = 12; X1 (11) = 2j
X1 (8)
12
|=|
|=6
|
X1 (11)
2j
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24

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 34.

[Ans. *] Range: 99 to 101


At t = 0 VC (0 ) = 0V IL = 10A
At t = 0+

1 mH

10 A

VC

Inductor equivalent is
di
VL = L = L[SI(S) I(S)]
dt
VL (s) = LS I(S) LI(S)
1 mS
10 10

1
SC

At KVL
(S)
+ SL[I(s)]
SC
1
= I(S) = [ + SL]
SL
S 2 LC + 1
3
]
10 10 = I(S) [
SC
SI
I(S) = 10 103 2
(S LC + 1)
C
S
= 10 103
LC (S 2 + 1 )
LC
1
S
3
= 10 10
L (S 2 + 1 )
LC
10 103 =

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

10 103
1
cos (
t)
L
LC
1
1
S
or VC (S) =
10 103
SL
L (S 2 + 1 )
LC
1
1
3
=
10 10
1
LC
(S 2 + )
LC
1
= 108 10 103 2
(S + 108 )
104
= 10 103 104 2
S + (104 )2
4
VC (t) = 100 sin(10 t)
Since VC (t)U sinuoidal function are cannot find its value at t = so it undefined
I(t) =

Q NO. 35.

[Ans. B]
In a MOSCapacitor
(VG1 VT ) Q
(VG1 VT ) Q1
=
(VG2 VT ) Q 2
0.8 VT 2 1011
=
1.3 VT 4 1011
On solving VT = 0.3V
V V
Q
Now Consider G2 T = 2
VG3 VT

Q3

1.3 0.3 4 1011


=
1.8 0.3
Q3
Inverse charge density with VG = 1.8 V
Q 3 = 6 1011 /cm2
Q NO. 36.

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ECE-SET 2

[Ans. C]
In any type of PN junction
1
VBr
Doping Concentration
1
E 2
(or)VBr =
i. e. Vbr =
ND
2qND
VBr ND is a constant
Q NO. 37.

[Ans. *] Range: 30 to 34
q
|| = ND X N

1.6 1019
50 103 =
1017 X N
8.85 1014 11.7
On solving X N = 3.2356 106 cm
= 3.236 108 m
X N = L = 32.36 nm
Q NO. 38.

[Ans. *] Range: 1.18 to 1.22


Since VGS > VDS , MOSFET is in linear operation
ID = K N [VGS VT ]VDS
dID
= K N VDS
dVGS
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ECE-SET 2

g m = K N VDS
0.5 106 = K N [50 103 ] K N = 105
ID = K N [VGS VT ]VDS
dID
= K N [VGS VT ]
dVGS
g d = K N [VGS VT ]
8 106 = 105 [2 VT ]
On solving VT = 1.2 V
Q NO. 39.

[Ans. *] Range: 1.9 to 2.2


IDC . T 1 1 103
Vripple =
=
= 2.105 Volts
C
475 106

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 40.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.7 to 0.9


Initially switch is closed and VB = 10 V
V01 = 10 V
V0 = V2 = 5 V
V0
VA =
1 K = 1 V
4K + 1K
+10 V
S
100 F
t=0

+10 V
470

V0

+
10 V
10 k
1 k

Z1

4 k
Z2

10 V
0V

0V

At t = 0;
The switch is opened and as t , VB approaches 10 V.
Let at t = T1 ,
VB exceeds VA (1 V) so that V01 changes from 10 V to 10 V
V0 changes from 5 V to 5 V
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ECE-SET 2

VB = Vf + (Vi Vf )et = 10 + [10 1 10]etRC


At, t = T1 ; VB = 1
1 V = 10 + 20 eT1RC
20
T1 = RC ln
9
= 10 103 100 106 0.798
= 0.798 sec
Q NO. 41.

[Ans. *] Range: 400 to 425


Overall input = Vios + Vinput
= 5 mV + 25 mV = 30 mV
R
(1 + F )
R1
V0 =
Overall input
1
R
(1 + F )
1+
AOL
R1
15 K
1+
1K
=
30 103 = 413.79 mV
1
15 K
(1 +
)
1+
100
1K
Q NO. 42.

[Ans. A]
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30

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GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 43.

[Ans. A]
Q NO. 44.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.95 to 1.05


1
G(s) = 2
s + 2s

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ECE-SET 2

K
2 + 2s
Y(s)
K
s
=
= 2
R(s) 1 + K
s + 2s + K
s 2 + 2s
Minimum settling time and no overshoot implies
=1
n = K
2 . n = 2
n = 1
K = 1 or K = 1
Q NO. 45.

[Ans. *] Range: 59.5 to 60.5


K
=0
(s + 1)(s + 2)(s + 3)
(s + 1) (s 2 + 5s + 6) + K = 0
s 3 + 5s 2 + 6s + s 2 + 5s + 6 + K = 0
s 3 + 6s 2 + 11s + 6 + K = 0
Gain margin = 0 dB and phase margin = 0
It implies marginal stable system
By Routh Array
11
s3 1
(6 + K)
s2 6
66 6 K
s
0
6
s
6+K
For marginal stable system,
60 K = 0
K = 60
1 + G(s)H(s) = 1 +

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ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 46.

[Ans. C]
For State A
X
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
For State B
X
0
0
0
0
1
1
1
1
For State C
X
0
0
0

Y
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Z
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Present State
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A

Next State
B
A
A
A
C
C
A
A

Y
0
0
1
1
0
0
1
1

Z
0
1
0
1
0
1
0
1

Present State
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B

Next State
A
C
B
B
A
B
B
B

Y
0
0
1

Z
0
1
0

Present State
C
C
C

Next State
Next State
C
C

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33

.
GATE-2016

0
1
1
1
1

1
0
0
1
1

1
0
1
0
1

ECE-SET 2

C
C
C
C
C

C
B
C
A
C
AB
In state C when XYZ = 111; the ambiguity occurs. Because from state C
When, X = 1, Z = 1 Next state = A
When, Y = 1, Z = 1 Next state = B
Q NO. 47.

[Ans.*] Range: 0.95 to 1.05


Q NO. 48.

[Ans. *] Range: . to .
Power spectral density of x(t) = SX (f)

|G(f)|2
Sx(f) =
R b () ej2fn
T

R b () = E[n n ]
= E[(n + kn3 )(n + kn3 )]
= E[nn ] + kE[n3 n ] + kE[n n3 ] + k 2 E[n3 n3 ]
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34

.
GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

= R() + kR( 3) + kR( + 3) + k 2 R()

= (1 + k 2 )R() + kR( + 3) + kR( 3)


Hence auto correction function can be defined as:
1 + k2
=0
R b () = { k
= 3 }
0
Otherwise
Power spectral density
sb (f) = 1 + k 2 + 2k cos(2f3T)
1
Null will occur at f =
3T
1
At, f =
3T
sb (f ) = 1 + k 2 + 2k cos(2) = 0
1 + k 2 + 2k = 0
(k + 1)2 = 0
k = 1
Q NO. 49.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.24 to 0.26


Channel spectrum 500 Hz 2000 Hz
Hence, BW = 1500 Hz
Rb
(a + )
BW =
log 2 M
Rb
(1 + )
1500 =
log 2 16
4800
(1 + )
1500 =
log 2 16
1500 = 1200(1 + )
= 0.25
Q NO. 50.

[Ans. *] Range: 99 to 101


X(t) = 3V(t) 8 and E[V(t)] = 0
R v () = 4e5||
Power of X(t) = E[X 2 (t)]
= E[9V 2 (t) + 64 48 E[V(t)]
= 9E[V 2 (t)] + 64 48 E[V(t)]
2
E[V (t)] = R v (0) = 4
Power of X(t) = ((9 4) + 64)
= 100

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35

.
GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 51.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.80 to 0.82


Q NO. 52.

[Ans. A]

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36

.
GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

Q NO. 53.

[Ans. B]
Q NO. 54.

[Ans. *] Range: 0.09 to 0.11


At frequency of 1 GHz the line behaves as 2 length there by giving open circuit at the input of T2
line.
With 50 termination at T1 the load is matched and || = 0 as seen in the graph.
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37

.
GATE-2016

ECE-SET 2

f = 1 GHz
2 1010
=
cm
1 109

= L = 10 cm = 0.1 m
2
Q NO. 55.

[Ans. C]
Velocity being free velocity,
1
mv 2 = qV
2
d
2qV
=
t
m
d
t
V
v=

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38

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