1.

Calculations of water intake of micro turbine, penstock , height

diff..determine power
Power= Qh(RAw)g (Slide 28Hydro Power)
Head of water 400m
volumetric flow rate 50m3/s
calculate potential power
if overall efficency is 70% determine final velocity of water = sqrt(2gh) from total
o/p power
2.
Estimate the energy cost transporting 120 passengers round trip btw berlin n
london. consider using two different types of planes having each energy
cost..compare the energy costs of both planes aand which is best one (that is
least one)
Plane 1:
Mas fuel capacity25,000 l
MAx travel range 6000 km
Passenger capacity 160
Plane 2:
MaX fuel capacity L
MAx travel range 3000 km
Passenger capacity 60

Distance btwe Berlin n London 930km (since round trip--1860 km)

Plane 1 7750L for plane 120 passengers (plane 1 require only 1 round trip)
Plane 2---3720L for 60 passengers (plane 2 reuire 2 round trips bcoz passenger
capacity is small)

10kWh/L is the energy cost of unit fuel conversion factor

CAlculate energy cost KWh per unit passenger
{Calculations(simple)}
1L of fuel amount to 1kWh

Renewable energy and sustainable developement

4. Sendai Microgrid
The Sendai Microgrid has several generation sources: two gas engines, a phosphoric acid fuel cell
(PAFC)1 and a photovoltaic array.

a concept of multi-power quality, to be capable of supplying various classes of power quality

within a microgrid
the IPS is configured with four types of two-way converters: high-quality inverter, DC-DC converter,
PV connected converter, and a valve-regulated lead-acid battery as an emergency backup,
enabling the supply of high quality power. The control center is DC powered.
its co-generation system proved to be effective in the event of disaster where it was able to
provide electricity and thermal power to the hospital thru gas system.
Various purposes can be served by the establishment of microgrids, such as minimizing energy
loss, maximizing the use of renewable energy, and creating new business models for electricity
generation and distribution. However, this experience demonstrates that microgrids offer
significant advantages and benefits in the areas of disaster survivability and resiliency.

that microgrids have an important role in providing back-up power for extended periods of time to
critical facilities during disasters
The Sendai Microgrid is designed to use multiple sources of energy, most importantly natural gas
supplied via a disaster-resistant medium pressure pipeline. This provides a stable energy supply in
times of disaster.

Importance of backup equipment

Another factor that enabled a continuous power supply to the Sendai Microgrid was the lead
battery in the IPS as a backup for power outages. The Sendai experience clearly demonstrated that
an energy storage system, which is currently becoming increasingly important, was critical to
maintaining a stable power supply during the disaster.