Power Transmission, Distribution and

Utilization
Lecture# 4&5 : Transmission line parameters
Inductance
Dr. Hadeed Ahmed Sher
Assistant Professor, EED
KFUEIT, Pakistan

Slide credits
This lecture is based on recommended
textbook by D P Kotari.
All figures are taken from the following book.
Kothari, Dwarkadas Pralhaddas, and I. J.
Nagrath. Modern power system analysis. 4th
edition, McGraw-Hill Education India, 2011.

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Lecture outline
Inductance
Procedure to find inductance
Case 1 : Solid conductor
Internal flux measurement
External flux measurement
Total inductance

Case 2 : Inductance of a two wire line

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Inductance
Inductance is most dominant part of a
transmission line.
Cannot be neglected even in a short transmission
line.
Inductance is defined as
Eq.(1)

Where is the rms value of flux linkage and I is

the rms current. They are in phase with each
other
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Procedure to find inductance

This is a three stage process.
1. Find magnetic field intensity (H)
2. Find magnetic flux density (B)
B=H

3. Compute the flux linkage ().

4. Find inductance (L) using eq. (1)

Inductance is calculated for following cases

Solid single conductor
Inductance of single phase two wire line
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Case 1. Solid conductor

Following assumptions are made to find inductance.
It is assumed that the return path of the transmission line
is at infinite length from the conductor such that it does
not affect the magnetic field of the conductor.
The current density is uniform.

Under such condition the total flux can be expressed as

Total flux = Internal flux + External flux

This is helpful because the internal flux links a smaller

amount of current as we move inwards or towards the
center of the conductor.
While the external flux links the total current in a
conductor.
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Case 1. Internal flux measurement

Figure shows cross sectional view
of a long cylindrical conductor
carrying current I.
Let y is the radius of a concentric
close path inside the conductor.
Using Amperes circuital law

Figure 1
= Closed path integral

Where
Iy = current enclosed (A)
Hy= Magnetic field intensity (AT/m)
Dr.Sher

Figure 1 taken from :Modern power system analysis. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Education India, 2011

Case 1. Internal flux measurement

Because it is assumed that the magentic field is
uniform, Hy is a constant and it is in the same
direction as ds. Eq.(2) can be written as
Where,
2y is the contour length or the circumference of the
circle shown in Fig.1 .

Since in Pakistan the power system has a

frequency of 50 Hz we can assume uniform
current density.
Remember current density (J) is current per unit
area.
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Case 1. Internal flux measurement

Current density J for dy is Jy and for all the
conductor is Jtotal and is expressed as

Using the assumption of uniform current density.

eq. (4) can be rewritten as (5) and (6)

Note that in the textbook Itotal is written as I.

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Case 1. Internal flux measurement

Using (3) and (6) we get

This concludes the step 1 given on slide 5.

The magnetic flux density By is
(8)

is permeability of conductor
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Case 1. Internal flux measurement

Step 3 is the computation of flux linkage .
Consider a very small tubular element of
thickness dy and length=1m. In that small
element the flux is d =Bydy
The flux linkage can then be expressed as

Integrating, we get
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Case 1. Internal flux measurement

For =4*10-7
The internal flux is

Therefore, internal flux linkage is independent

of the radius of the conductor.
Finally Inductance is equal to

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Case 1 : External Flux linkage

P1 and P2 are two points at
distance D1 and D2 from the
conductor.
(13)
(14)

Figure 2

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Figure 2 taken from :Modern power system analysis. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Education India, 2011

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Case 1: External Flux Linkage

Since r=1, =4*10-7

Using (15)
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Case 1: Total inductance

Let r=re-1/4=0.7788r
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Case 2 :Inductance of a two wire line

1 and 2 are solid conductors
I1 and I2 is current
of these conductors.
In a single phase line
the sum of I1 and I2 is zero.
Consider the flux linkage of circuit by I1 only.

Figure 3

Flux from r1 to (d-r2) links all current I1 in conductor 1.

Flux from (D-r2)to (D+r2) links current that decreases
from I1 to zero because of negative current flowing in
conductor 2
Beyond (D+r2) the net current is zero.
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Figure 3 taken from :Modern power system analysis. 4th edition, McGraw-Hill Education India, 2011

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Case 2 :Inductance of a two wire line

If D >> r1 and r2 we can assume that
Flux from (D-r2) to center of conductor 2 links
all current I1 and flux from center of
conductor 2 to (D+r2) links zero current.

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