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Stasiun Pompa
Dosen:
Puti Sri Komala


JURUSAN TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN



FAKULTAS TEKNIK
UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS
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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMP STATION DESIGN


Classified

as one of the following types: wet well/


dry well; submersible; suction lift; and screw
pump.

Pump

station design includes the following


elements: force main design, pump selection, and
station layout.

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

FORCE MAIN DESIGN


a pipeline designed to carry wastewater under
pressure from the pump station to one of the
following discharge points:
a gravity sewer, a storage tank, or a wastewater
treatment plant.
The internal pressure of a force main is usually at
a maximum at the pumping station.
It decreases to, or nearly to, atmospheric pressure
at the point of discharge.
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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

DESIGN EQUATION.

The Hazen-Williams equation is usually used to determine


friction losses in the force main.
To avoid pump cavitation in newly installed pipe, it is
recommended that system head-capacity curves be
developed using Hazen-Williams C values for both new
pipe and design year pipe

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

DESIGN EQUATION.
For a small-or medium-sized pumping station that pumps
intermittently, the recommended:
minimum velocity is 1.1 m/s.
In larger pump stations where pumping is continuous,
velocities on the order of 0.7 to 1.5 m/s are recommended.
Pipe Materials.
suitable for force mains
potential for crown corrosion must be considered
Depth of Cover.
laid at a comparatively shallow depth.
A minimum cover of 0.9 m is used to minimize the impact
of live loads.

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION

APPURTENANCES.

blowoff the draining or flushing of the pipe.


They consist of a manhole and an appropriate
valve.
Air valves
at high points in the force main to allow
trapped air and other gases to be released.

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION

Pump Selection
commonly pumped centrifugal pumps.

axial flow pumps are not recommended for use with


untreated wastewater.

Nonclog,

radial-flow pumps are designed to


handle untreated wastewater.

enclosed impellers with less than four vanes for very


large pumps and,
less than three for smaller sizes.

TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION

Pump Selection
must be capable of passing a sphere at least 80
mm in diameter and that pump suction and
discharge openings be at least 100 mm in
diameter.
Mixed-flow

volute pumps may also be used to


pump untreated wastewater.
These pumps operate at higher speeds than
radial flow, nonclog pumps
The vertical pumps are often preferred because of
space limitations.

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION DESIGN

to

adjust to the variations of wastewater flows.


be able to pump from the wet well and discharge
at a self-cleansing velocity of about 0.6 m/s (2 ft/
s).
It should be connected to a 100-mm (4-in) force
main which would have a capacity of
approximately 280 L/min or 74 gal/min.
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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

WET WELL
The fundamental purposes:
storage of wastewater and
the provision of sufficient submergence of the pump suction
inlet to prevent vortexes from forming and air entrainment
that will cause pump cavitation.
provided bar racks to protect the pumps from clogging.

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

WET WELL
GLUMRB (2004) specifies that bar racks:
from

sewers 750 mm bar rack spacing 25 to


150 mm
It is suggested that distance between bars be
one-third the size of the maximum solid
diameter that the pump can pass (Metcalf &
Eddy, 1981).

The screenings from the bar rack must either


be removed from the pumping station for
disposal or be ground up and returned to the
flow.

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

WET WELL
The effective volume of the wet well :
based on the design average flow and a filling
time not to exceed 30 minutes.
short cycling times between pump starts will
wear out the pump and motor a large
volume
When a variable speed drive (also known as a
variable frequency drive or VFD ) storage
volume is small.
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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

WET WELL
The suggested time between starts is a
function of the motor size (Metcalf & Eddy,
1981):
For

motors less than 15 kW: 15 minutes;


For motors between 15 and 75 kW: 15 minutes;
For motors between 75 and 200 kW: 20 to 30
minutes.

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

WET WELL
The volume of the wet well between start and stop elevations
for a single pump or a single speed pump control step for
multiple-speed operation:

= /4

where

= required capacity, m3

Q = pump capacity, m3/min or increment in pumping


capacity where one pump is already operating and a second
pump is started or where pump speed is increased
t = minimum time in minutes of one pumping cycle (time
between successive starts or changes in speed of a pump)
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WET WELL
In very large lift stations using two or more compartments.
Each section should be isolated when it is out of service for
maintenance.
Submersible pumps may be used for deep systems.

Alternative suction bell piping arrangements

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION
The

wet well capacity should contain sufficient


wastewater to permit the pump to run for at least
2 min and restart not more than once in 5 min
(Steel and McGhee 1979).
The pump running time (tr) and the filling time
(tf) in the wet well are computed as
= /
and = /

where tr = pump running time, min


V = storage volume of wet well, L or gal
D = pump discharge at peak flow, L/min (m3/s) or gpm
Q = inflow (daily average), L/min or gpm
tf = filling time with the pump off, min

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION
and the total cycle time (t) is

=+= /+/
The wet well
large enough to prevent pump motors from
overheating due to extensive cycling,
but small enough to accommodate cycling times
that will reduce septicity and odor problems.

cycle 4 to 10 times per hour.


A maximum storage volume for a cycling time 30
min.

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

PUMPING STATION
If the selected pumps have a capacity equal to the
peak (maximum) flow rate, the volume of a wet
well
V = TQ/4
where

V = storage volume of wet well, gal


T = pump cycle time, min
Q = peak flow, gal/min
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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

EXAMPLE 1:
A subdivision generates an average daily wastewater flow of
144,000 L/d (38,000 gal/d). The minimum hourly flow rate is
20,000 L/d (5300 gal/d) and the peak flow is 500,000 L/d
(132,000 gal/d). Determine the pumping conditions and the
size of a wet well.
Solution:
Step 1. Determine pump capacity for peak flow
D = 500,000 L/d x 1 d/1440 min = 347 L/min
Step 2. Calculate the minimum volume (V1) for 2-min running
time
V1 = 347 L/min x 2 min = 694 L
Step 3. Calculate volume (V2) for 5-min cycle using Eq. (7.23)
Average flow Q = 144,000 L/d = 100 L/min

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

EXAMPLE 1:
=2/+2/
5 =2/(347100)/+2/
100 /
100V2 + 247V2 = 5 x 247 x 100
V2 = 356 L
Step 4. Determine the control factor
Since V1 > V2, therefore the pump running time is the control
factor. Say V1 = 700 L for design.
Step 5. Calculate the actual time of the pumping cycle

=700 /(347100)/+700 /100 / =

9.83 min

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

EXAMPLE 1:
Step 6. Determine size of wet well
A submergence of 0.3 m (1 ft) above the top of the suction pipe
is required for an intake velocity of 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s). The depth
between the well bottom and the top of submergence is 0.5 m
(1.6 ft). If a 1.20-m (4-ft) diameter of wet well is chosen,
surface area is 1.13 m2 (12.2 ft2)
For storage
V2 = 700 L = 0.7 m3
the depth would be d = 0.7/1.13 (A) = 0.62 (m)
Typically, 0.6 m (2 ft) of freeboard is required
Thus total depth of the wet well = (0.50 + 0.62 + 0.60) m
= 1.72 m = 5.6 ft

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

QUIZ 10 MENIT 26 APRIL 2012

Suatu pipa penyalur air limbah


berukuran 915 mm (36 in) dipasang
pada slope 0,003. Tentukan
kedalaman aliran dan kecepatan jika
besarnya aliran adalah 8,5 m3/menit
= 0,397/()2/31/2

n = 0,013
S = slope of energy grade line, m/m
D = diameter of pipe, m

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TEKNIK LINGKUNGAN UNIVERSITAS ANDALAS

JAWAB QUIZ 10 MENIT 26 APRIL 2012

Dari nomogram Manning atau perhitungan diperoleh


aliran jika saluran penuh adalah 62 m3/menit dan
kecepatan 1,57 m
Rasio aktual terhadap aliran penuh adalah 8,5/62 = 0.14.
Dari gambar rasio kedalaman terhadap diameter adalah
0,3 m
Rasio kecepatan terhadap kecepatan penuh adalah 0,6 m
Kedalaman aliran adalah 0,3 x 915 mm = 275 mm
Kecepatan = 0,6 x 1,57 = 0,94 m/dt

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