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Midterm Study Guide

Philosophy 103.01, Fall 2016


Key Terms:
Plato:
justice, guardians, polis, logos, healthy city, feverish city, Cephalus, Polemarchus,
Thrasymarchus, opinions of justice, 3 part soul, 3 part city, allegory of the cave, the Good,
Platonic forms, well bred/trained hound, origin of war, harmony, justice, beliefs, shadows, sun,
four causes (Aristotle), gadfly, midwife
Hobbes:
equality, commonwealth, leviathan, contract, transfer of rights, Law of nature, right of nature,
liberty, state of nature, three principal causes of quarrel, fear, prudence, equality, peace,
diffidence
Military Ethics: Lucas:
Kants take on Just War tradition, Just cause, right intention, legitimate authority.
Just War: Walzer:
Legalist paradigm, Aggression, receiver of aggression, realism, international society of
independent states, Territorial integrity, political sovereignty, criminality, international law
enforcement (police power), domestic analogy.
Arendt:
Rights of Man, freedom (negative and positive), stateless persons, civilized society, bare life.
Heidegger:
Being-in-the-world, being-with, entities (beings), Being, Care (sorge), solicitude (frsorge),
concern (besorgen), Da-sein, Mit-dasein, equipment, being-present-at-hand, being-ready-tohand, authenticity (ownness), Ontological vs Ontic, for-the-sake-of-which (project), Angst
(anxiety).
Gelven:
War as Vast, Kantian sublime, War as organized, command/obedience, Nietzsche:
valuators/annihilators/creators, Nietzsche: values, War as communal, authenticity and
inauthenticity, our country, right or wrong, I into We
Gray:
Godlessness, abstraction, soil/sun/air/waterdissociation from, Horrifying
normality/complacency, the hermit, Confraternity, war as seeingspectacle, ecstasy, playing
for keeps, Soldier-Killer, delight in destruction, the sensualist (ego vs sex for the sake of sex),
Concern (implication and relation), Comradeship vs Friendship
Short Answer Questions:
1. What is the difference between Justice as Strength and the Strength of Justice?
2. Traditionally, what is the relationship between the three essential conditions for a just
war? Be sure to name and describe all three. (Lucas)

3. How does the 3-part soul relate to the 3-part city in Plato's Republic? What is justice?
4. Why does Plato think it is necessary to describe the feverish city? What is significant
about this description with respect to justice and the origin of war?
5. What is the essential nature of Platos guardian? Be thorough in your description.
6. How does justice and injustice operate in Hobbes' social contract theory? Do they exist in
the state of nature?
7. What is the social contract and how does it maintain peace in the philosophy of Hobbes?
8. Regarding just war, what constitutes criminality for Walzer and why?
9. What is the difference between negative and positive freedom?
10. Why does Arendt say that it is necessary for stateless people to sometimes commit
crimes?
11. What is the relationship between being-in-the-world and being-with for Heidegger? How
do these concepts relate to equipment and Mit-daseinwhat is care (concern and
solicitude)?
12. What is the importance of Angst for Heidegger? What does this fundamental mood have
to do with authenticity and the they-self?
13. What does Gelven mean to convey when he quotes Steven Decatur, Our country! In her
intercourse with foreign nations may she always be in the right; but our country, right or
wrong.? In other words, what kind of lesson about morality do we get from this quote?
14. For Gelven, what is the difference between the slave and the soldier? What does this
distinction tell us about command and obedience?
15. For Gray, what is the difference between comrades and friends? What is Confraternity?
16. What does the term concern indicate for J. Glenn Gray? How does this term allow us
to understand godlessness?

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