(b) We need to start by reducing the set of equations to echelon form

r1
4x y + z = 0
r2
2x + 4 y 2z = 0
r3
x 2 y + z = 0

CIVE1620, Engineering Mathematics 1.1

Marked Problem Sheet 4, 2004, Solutions: Matrix Algebra
Dr P.A Sleigh
Email: P.A.Sleigh@leeds.ac.uk

4x y +
0 +7y

z
=0
=0
3z
0 + 0 + (2 2 )z = 0

r1

Show all working.

Answers without working will get no marks.

2r 2 + r1
2r 3 + r 2

1. (a) Solve the following set of equations:

x + 2 y + 3 z = 10
3 x + 2 y + z = 14
x + 3 y + 9 z = 12

The solution is either the trivial solution x = y = z = 0, or = 1

When = 1, from r2 y =

then from r1

x=

z
7

1

If we choose z = -7 the solution is 3 (where is some arbitrary constant)
7

(b) For what values of does the following equation have a non-trivial solution, and find a
general solution for each .
4x y + z = 0

2x + 4 y 2z = 0
x 2 y + z = 0

2. Reduce the following set of equations to an equivalent set of equations in echelon form, and
thereby find the solution:
w + x + y + z =0
w + x + 2y z =4

Solution

3w + 2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 1
w + 3x + 2 y + z = 0

(a) We need to reduce this to echelon form by using simple row operations
r1
x + 2 y + 3 z = 10
r2

3 x + 2 y + z = 14

r3

x + 3 y + 9 z = 12
r1

3z
,
7

Solution
We must do some basic row operation on the set of equations.

r1
r2
r3
r4

x + 2 y + 3 z = 10

(r 2 3r1) / 3

0 y 2z = 4

r 3 + r1

0 + 5 y + 12 z = 22

r1

x + 2 y + 3 z = 10

r2

0 y 2z = 4

r 3 + 5r 2
0 + 0 + 2z = 2
By back substitution this yields, z = 1, y = 2, x = 3

w + x + y + z =0
w + x + 2y z =4
3w + 2 x + 2 y + 2 z = 1
w + 3x + 2 y + z = 0

r1
3r 2 + r 3
r 2 + r1
(r 4 + r 2) / 2

w+ x + y + z = 0
0 + 5 x + 8 y z =13
0 + 2x + 3y + = 4
0 + 2x + 2 y + 0 = 2

r1
r2
r3
r3 r 4

w+ x + y + z = 0
0 + 5 x + 8 y z = 13
0 + 2x + 3y + = 4
0 + 0 + y +0= 2

By back substitution, y = 2, x, = -1, z = -2, w = 1

CIVE1620, Engineering Mathematics 1.1

Problem Sheet 4, 2004 Solutions: Matrix Algebra

CIVE1620, Engineering Mathematics 1.1

Problem Sheet 4, 2004 Solutions: Matrix Algebra

3. Points A, B & C have coordinates (5, 1), (4, 4) and (7, 5) with respect to the axes (x, y), and
points A & B have coordinates (18, 7) and (21, 6) with respect to the axes (x, y).

i)
ii)

And the coordinates of C can be calculated:

x'
0.6 0.8 7 20.2 20
' =
+
=
y
C 0.8 0.6 5 11.6 3

Write a matrix equation that will transform coordinates in system (x, y) to (x, y).
What will be the coordinates of point C with respect to aces (x, y)?

4. Use the rules of determinants to evaluate the determinant of the matrix

Solution
Sketch out the points on the two axes systems:

1
A=
3

Solution
c1, c 2,

C (7,5)
y

y
B
(4,4)

A
(18,7)

2
1
3
1

B
(21,6)

A
(5,1)

4
1
2
5

4 5 1

1 2 1
2 5 2

5 2 1

c3, c 4
5 1
2 1
5 2
2 1

We can use these to calculate the angle that the line joining A to B make with the vertical for each
axes system.
(5 4) = 18.43
(7 6) = 108.43
= tan 1
= 90 + tan 1
(4 1)
(21 18)
Total rotation = + = 126.86

c1 + c 2, c 2, c3 + 2c1, c 4 + c 2
6 4 9 5
0 1 0 0
5 2 11 4
6 5 4 6
Expand using row 2
6 9 5
1 5 11 4
6 4 6

The rotation matrix is then written:

cos 126.86 sin 126.86 0.6 0.8

sin 126.86 cos126.86 0.8 0.6

Apply the rotation to point A

r1 r 3
r2
r3

x ''
0.6 0.8 5 2.2
'' =
=

y
A 0.8 0.6 1 4.6
To calculate the translation use
x ' x '' T x
' = '' +
y y T
y

c1, c 2 + 5c3 c3
0 0 1
1 5 31 4
6 34 6
Expand using row 1
5 31
1 ( 1)
6 34

For A
Tx 18 2.2 20.2
=
=

T
y 7 4.6 11.6
The complete transformation equation is then:
x ' 0.6 0.8 x 20.2
' =
+

y
0.8 0.6 y 11.6
CIVE1620, Engineering Mathematics 1.1

0 5 1
1 5 11 4
6 4 6

Problem Sheet 4, 2004 Solutions: Matrix Algebra

1 ( 1)[(5 34 ) (6 31)] = 16

CIVE1620, Engineering Mathematics 1.1

Problem Sheet 4, 2004 Solutions: Matrix Algebra