Hướng đẫn sử dụng Mapinfo bằng tiếng việt

TI LIU
HNG DN S DNG MAPINFO
c hng dn chi tit bng video bn c th tham gia kha hc ny

http://www.huytraining.com/course/huong-dan-mapinfo-professional
Bm Next/ iu User name v Organization (ty)
Cc bc tip theo c bm Next theo mc nh khng thay i g.
2. Ci xong bn Thot chng trnh Mapinfo

Copy file Mapinfo professonal v9.0 build 42.exe trong th mc Crack vo C:\Program
File\Mapinfo\Professional v chy n, nhn Patch v i n chy xong l ok. C th sd
mi mi.
(Nh tt phn mm dit virus khi crack nh, chy file crack quyn Admin.)
3. Ci li chiu VN -2000 cho Mapinfo
Gii nn file Project Cuc Dia Chat.rar. Copy file MAPINFOW.PRJ vo C:\Program
File\Mapinfo\Professional, chp ln file gc.
II. Ci t Mapinfo v.12
Trng hp my tnh cc bn ci win 8, 10 hoc mi hn.
Sau khi ti v b phn mm, gii nn ra a c cc mc sau:
2
Trang 2
B1: Chy ci t mc Setup.exe.

Cc bc ci t hon ton tng
t, sau khi ci xong cc bn cha
c m ngay phn mm.
B1
B2: Copy 2 file trong th mc

crack (thuoc), ghi vo th mc
ci t ca Mapinfo (VD:
C:\Program
Files\MapInfo\Professional). Nh
khi windows hi c chp
Overwrite files khng th chn chp nh.
B2
B3: Chy file: MapInfoProfessional12.0.2MaintenanceRelease.exe va copy mc

ci t Mapinfo - quyn Admin (Chn chut phi, Run as admin .- hnh v)
B3
Sau n s t ci t, update
i qu trnh kt thc l bn crack xong.
- Ci li chiu VN -2000 cho Mapinfo tng t.
3
Trang 3
CHNG II.
S BO VE MAPINFO
MapInfo la mot phan mem nham giup chung ta x ly ban o so cung nh cac thong
tin lien quan en a ly. Trc ay x ly ban o la mot chc nang chuyen nghiep cua
nganh ban o hoc. Vi s ra i cua MapInfo, viec x ly ban o tr nen mot cong viec
ma moi ngi eu co the lam c. Khong nhng co cac chc nang cua ban o thong
dung nh cung cap thong tin a ly, giup nh v trong thc a,... MapInfo con la mot
phan mem rat manh giup x ly va phan tch thong tin tren ban o so. Chc nang nay
cua MapInfo khien cho no tr thanh mot he c s d lieu a ly. Tnh nang nay con
c tang cng them nh kha nang lien ket c vi cac he c s d lieu khac nh
Microsoft Access, SQL Server, Oracle,... S dung MapInfo co the ho tr giai quyet
c nhieu van e thc te mot cach nhanh chong va chnh xac.
II.1. S BO VE BAN O TRONG MAPINFO
Mot ban o trong MapInfo bao gom hai phan: phan ban o (hay phan o hoa) va
phan d lieu (hay thong tin).
II.1.1. o hoa
Phan o hoa cua MapInfo la nhng vat the c bieu hien tren man hnh may tnh
giong nh ban o giay nhng co ban chat khac. Phan o hoa c hien th trong ca
so ban o (Map Window). MapInfo s dung cac khai niem toan hoc e bieu dien cac
chi tiet tren ban o. Co ba kieu khai niem toan hoc chnh c s dung e xay dng
ban o tren MapInfo (hnh I.1):
- iem: la mot vat the toan hoc khong co kch thc, khong co chieu dai, ch co toa
o (trong mot he truc toa o nao o). Ngi ta s dung vat the iem e minh hoa
cho mot thanh pho, mot tram xang, mot trng hoc,...iem c tng trng bang
mot cham trong toan hoc. Trong MapInfo, tuy theo noi dung cua iem o (minh hoa
cho cai g) ma ngi ta co the s dung mot trong nhieu bieu tng khac nhau e
minh hoa cho mot iem. V vay iem trong MapInfo c goi la bieu tng (symbol).
- ng: la mot vat the hnh hoc khong co chieu rong nhng co chieu dai. ng
trong MapInfo bao gom cac thanh phan nho c goi la oan (segment). Gia hai
oan lien nhau la not (node). Cac iem not nay cho phep ta chnh sa cac ng.
ng c s dung e minh hoa cho mot con song, mot ng giao thong,...
- Vung: la mot vat the co dien tch. Vung cung bao gom cac thanh phan nho la oan
Trang 4
PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com
va cac iem not nhng oan au tien va oan cuoi cung gap nhau nen tao ra mot
ng khep kn va phan pha trong ng ranh gii o co dien tch. Vung co chu vi
la ng gii han ranh gii cua vung o. Vung thc chat la mot hnh a giac. Vung
c s dung e minh hoa cho mot quan, mot tnh, mot cai ao,...
Hnh I.1. Cac kieu vat the o hoa chnh trong MapInfo
Cac thong tin o hoa tren MapInfo c goi la cac vat the (object).
Ngi lam ban o so can phai biet cach vi tnh hoa (hay so hoa) nhng thong tin
a ly t ban o giay vao ban o so sao cho ung cach. V du nh khi noi en mot cai
ao co the nhn thay (tc la thay c bang mat thng tren ban o giay hnh dang
cua cai ao, mot ty le nao o), th ta so hoa no thanh mot vung, nhng khi lam mot
ban o co ty le rat nho th ta khong the nhn thay hnh dang cai ao o, th cai ao o
nen c minh hoa thanh mot iem. Tng t nh vay, mot con ng tren mot ban
o ty le nho th c minh hoa bang kieu ng nhng oi vi ban o co ty le rat ln
th con ng o se co chieu rong, luc o ta lai phai minh hoa con ng o bang mot
vat the kieu vung. Hoac v du nh tren ban o nc Viet Nam, cac thanh pho c
bieu th bang nhng cai cham, tc la iem nhng khi xem xet mot thanh pho ty le
ln hn nhieu th thanh pho o lai la mot vung.
Phan o hoa trong MapInfo c quan ly theo lp (layer), co ngha la cac thong tin
a ly c to chc theo tng nhom, v du nh tren ban o mot thanh pho, ta co lp
ng xa, lp quan, lp a danh, lp song suoi,.. Nh kha nang nay ma ta co the hien
th thong tin theo y muon. Khi muon s dung nhng thong tin nao ta co the m nhng
lp thong tin o ra. Ca so ban o co the cha mot hay nhieu lp ban o ang c
m. Neu cac lp ban o thuoc cung mot v tr a ly th co the hien th chong len nhau.
Ta co the hnh dung moi lp ban o nh la mot t giay knh (transparency) co hnh ve
va ban o giong nh nhieu t giay knh chong len nhau e tao ra mot cai nhn cuoi
cung. Cac lp ban o c sap xep theo th t tren di, co ngha la lp di b lp
Trang 5
tren che khuat nhng phan chung. Ngoai ra pha tren cung cac lp ban o c m
luon luon co mot lp mac nh c goi la lp Cosmetic (Cosmetic Layer). Lp nay
giong nh mot lp nhap, ta co the anh dau chnh sa vao lp nay va them bt cac
vat the o hoa vao no nhng khong anh hng en cac lp ban o khac di. Nhng
vat the c ve them vao lp ban o nay co the c lu vao nhng lp ban o ang
c m hoac c lu thanh mot lp ban o rieng. Lp Cosmetic con c s dung
trong viec trnh bay ban o khi in an, v du nh them cac chi tiet e trnh bay ban o.
Cac vat the trong lp nay khong co phan d lieu.
II.1.2. D lieu
Ngoai phan vat the o hoa, ban o so trong MapInfo con co d lieu c hien th
trong mot ca so c goi la ca so Browser (ca so d lieu). D lieu trong MapInfo
hien th tren mot bang va chung c cau truc theo kieu d lieu tng t cac kieu d
lieu khac nh Excel, Access,... Ngoai ra MapInfo cung co the m cac d lieu khac. Ta
co the m mot tap tin Excel hay Access trong MapInfo va x ly chung nh nhng bang
d lieu bnh thng cua MapInfo.
Moi ca so d lieu co the hien th thong tin cua mot lp ban o hay mot phan cua
mot lp ban o. Ca so nay bao gom cac o giong nh bang tnh Excel. Cac o c
xep theo chieu doc c goi la trng (field) hay cot (column). Moi cot hien th mot loai
thuoc tnh cua vat the tren ban o so, v du oi vi ban o cac tnh cua Viet Nam chang
han, ta co the co cac cot ten tnh, dien tch tnh, chu vi tnh, dan so,... Moi mot cot co
mot nh dang khac nhau tuy theo noi dung cha trong cot o. Ta co the them hay bt
trng cung nh thay oi nh dang cac trng. Ten trng khong hien th tieng Viet
c nen khi tao trng ta khong c go dau tieng Viet vao ten trng. Tren cung
ca so d lieu co tieu e cot (in am), tc ten trng. Cac hang trong ca so d lieu
c goi la ban ghi (record). Ben trai moi hang co mot o vuong. Khi s dung cong cu
chon, ta co the nhap chuot len o vuong o e chon ban ghi o. Khi c chon, o vuong
bien thanh mau en. Moi mot ban ghi lien ket vi mot vat the o hoa tren ca so ban
o, hay noi cach khac moi vat the o hoa tren ca so ban o co thong tin nam tren
mot hang trong ca so d lieu. Vat the o hoa va d lieu la hai thanh phan thong nhat
cua mot ban o so trong MapInfo. Neu m ca so o hoa va ca so d lieu cua mot
lp ban o cung mot luc th khi s dung cong cu chon, ta co the nhap chuot len chon
mot vat the o hoa tren ca so ban o. Khi mot vat the tren ca so ban o c chon
th ban ghi tng ng trong ca so d lieu cung c chon va ngc lai.
Neu ta quan niem ban o so nh la cac lp vat the o hoa th ca so d lieu la
thong tin cua vat the tren ban o. Neu ta quan niem ban o so nh la mot c s d
lieu th cac vat the o hoa tren mot lp ban o la mot cot, c goi la cot vat the
(object column hay obj column), v cot o khong hien th c trong ca so d lieu nen
c hien th rieng trong ca so ban o. V MapInfo quan niem ban o so nh mot c
s d lieu vi cac vat the trong ca so ban o c coi la mot cot nen mot ban o
cung c goi la mot bang (table). MapInfo s dung thuat ng nay e ch ca d lieu
lan o hoa (cot vat the) trong mot ban o so. Mot bang cua MapInfo co the khong co
cot vat the. Luc o chung hoan toan giong nh mot c s d lieu bnh thng, kieu
d lieu cua Excel hay Access. Ca so d lieu co the la d lieu nguyen thuy cua
MapInfo (native) hay d lieu cua co cac nh dang khac (nh Excel, Access,..) nhng
c ang ky vao MapInfo.
Nhng tnh chat lien quan en o hoa cua ban o so c x ly trong ca so ban
Trang 6
o. Nhng thong tin lien quan en d lieu (ten, dan so, thuoc tnh, ac iem,...) c
x ly trong cac trng cua ca so d lieu. Nhng thong tin ve d lieu nay co the c
a len ban o bang mot so lenh khac nhau e minh hoa lam ro ban o luc trnh bay
ban o e in hoac tien hanh phan tch nh mot he c s d lieu bnh thng va ket
qua phan tch cung co the c phan anh tren ca so ban o. Ngc lai, mot so thong
tin tren ban o co the c cap nhat vao d lieu bang mot so lenh. Tuy nhu cau ngi
dung co the m ca so ban o hay ca so d lieu hay ca hai. Ngoai ra con co mot so
loai ca so khac trong MapInfo ma ta se xem xet trong cac chng sau.
T phan nay tr i, ta se dung t bang e ch mot bang cua MapInfo (co the bao
gom ca phan d lieu lan phan o hoa hay ch co phan d lieu), lp (hay lp ban o)
e e cap en phan o hoa cua bang MapInfo trong ca so ban o (cot vat the),
bang d lieu e ch e cap en phan d lieu cua mot bang MapInfo.
II.2. GIAO DIEN CUA MAPINFO
Khi khi ong MapInfo, tren man hnh co cac thanh phan chnh sau:
- Menu chnh: gom cac menu lenh chnh cua MapInfo la File, Edit, Tools, Object,
Query, Table, Options, Map/Browse (hay mot menu khac, tuy vao ca so nao
ang c kch hoat), Window, Help.
- Thanh cong cu: Co 3 thanh cong cu chnh la Standard, Main, Drawing.
Thanh cong cu Standard gom cac lenh thng c s dung trong cac menu
chnh.
Thanh cong cu Main gom 23 nut lenh lien quan en cac thanh phan chnh cua mot
ban o so nh lenh chon, chnh thiet lap ca so ban o, bieu o/o th, kiem soat lp,...
Thanh cong cu Drawing bao gom cac nut lenh lien quan en viec ve va chnh sa
phan o hoa cua ban o.
Ngoai ra neu co cai at DBMS (MapInfo phien ban 6 tr len) hay ODBC (MapInfo
phien ban 5) th con mot thanh cong cu na la DBMS (hay ODBC). ay la thanh cong
cu cho phep lien ket va thao tac vi d lieu cua cac he d lieu khac nh Access, SQL
Server,...
Di cung ca so MapInfo la thanh Trang thai (Status Bar). Thanh nay cho biet
thong tin cung nh tnh trang cua ca so ang c kch hoat.
Ta hay m mot bang co ban o ra la ban o cac tnh cua Viet Nam. Bang nay co
ten la cac_tinh. Cach m nh sau:
- Khi ong MapInfo, ca so Quick Start hien ra
- Chon Open a Table > Open, vao th muc co cha tap tin cac_tinh.tab va chon no
roi chon Open.
Ta se thay ca so ban o c m ra. e thay ca so d lieu, ta chon Window >
New Browser Window, ca so d lieu cua ban o cac_tinh c m ra (hnh I.2).
Ta co the m nhieu ca so khac nhau cung mot luc trong MapInfo. Tuy nhien vao
mot thi iem ch co mot ca so c kch hoat. Ca so c kch hoat la ca so co
mau xanh tren thanh tieu e (mau mac nh, mau nay co the khac tuy thiet lap mau
tren he ieu hanh), nhng ca so khong c kch hoat co mau xam. Ta kch hoat mot
Trang 7
Thanh cong cu Main
Menu chnh
Ca so chnh cua MapInfo
Ca so D lieu
Thanh cong cu Drawing

Thanh cong cu Standard
Ca so Ban o
Thanh Trang thai
Hnh I.2. Man hnh MapInfo che o thng s dung nhat
Trang 8
ca so ban o bang cach nhap chuot vao thanh tieu e cua ca so o hoac t menu
chnh chon Window > <ten ca so>. Nhng thao tac ta thc hien ch tac ong len ca
so nao ang c kch hoat. Ca so c kch hoat luon luon nam tren cung.
goc tren ben phai cua moi ca so cung co 3 nut giong nh 3 nut cua bat ky ca
so nao trong he ieu hanh Window, o la thu nho
, phong to
va tat ca so
.
Lu y la nut tat ca so trong MapInfo ch tat ca so o i ch cac tap tin ban o hay
d lieu tren ca so o th khong. Muon ong hoan toan mot bang cua MapInfo th ta
phai dung lenh File > Close Table.
II.2.1. Menu chnh cua MapInfo
Trc khi tm hieu ve cach s dung MapInfo, chung ta can xem xet s qua y ngha
menu chnh va cac thanh cong cu cua MapInfo.
II.2.1.1. Menu File
Bao gom cac lenh sau (hnh II.3):
- New Table: La lenh tao mot bang mi, tng ng nut lenh New Table
tren
thanh cong cu Standard. Khi chon lenh nay MapInfo se hien th cac hop thoai qua
nhieu bc e giup ta tao mot bang mi. Nhng lenh nay chu yeu lien quan en
viec tao cac trng va xac nh he quy chieu (neu co phan ban o) cho mot bang
mi. Bang c tao ra mi nh vay khong co vat the tren ban o va va cha co
thong tin trong d lieu. Xem chi tiet cach tao bang mi trong phan ///.
- Open Table: M mot bang MapInfo, tng ng nut lenh Open Table
tren
thanh cong cu Standard.

- Open DBMS Table: M mot bang lien quan en mot c s d lieu nam ngoai
MapInfo, tng ng nut lenh Open DBMS Table
tren thanh cong cu DBMS.
ay la phan tuy chon khi cai at MapInfo. Lenh nay ch co khi ta cai at DBMS.
Xem trong phan ///.
- Open Workspace: M mot tap tin workspace (khong gian lam viec) cua MapInfo. Xin
xem tiep phan di.
- Close Table: ong mot bang. Khi ang m nhieu bang mot luc, se co mot hop thoai
hien ra hoi ong bang nao. Neu bang can ong co chnh sa th MapInfo hien ra
mot hop thoai na hoi co muon lu nhng chnh sa khong, xem tiep phan di.
- Close all: ong tat ca cac bang ang m. Neu co mot bang nao c chnh sa
nhng cha c lu MapInfo se hien th hop thoai Save Modified Table Data va
liet ke lan lt nhng bang cha c lu. Ta co the lu bang bang cach chon nut
Save. Neu khong muon lu nhng thay oi tren mot bang nao o th ta nhan nut
Discard. Neu khong muon lu tat ca nhng bang a co chnh sa hay thay oi th
ta chon Discard All.
Trang 9
- Close DBMS Connection: ong

mot lien ket DBMS (c s d
lieu ben ngoai). Neu mot bang
cua c s d lie u ngoai
MapInfo ang c m th ta
khong the dung lenh nay.
- Save Table: Lu nhng thay
oi tren bang, tng ng
nut lenh Save Table
tren
thanh cong cu Standard. Khi
chon lenh nay, MapInfo hien
ra mot hop thoai liet ke danh
sach nhng bang co thay oi
nhng cha c lu, ta chon
bang nao muon lu va nhan
nut Save.
- Save Copy As: Lu mot bang
thanh mot bang khac.
- Save Query: Lu mot Query
(ket qua cua mot phep truy
van, tm kiem hay mot phep
chon nao o) thanh mot bang
rieng.
- Save workspace: Lu workHnh II.3. Menu File
space. Noi mot cach nom na
th workspace la nhng g ta
ang lam tren MapInfo. V du
nh khi ang trnh bay ban o ma d dang cha xong, ta co the dung lenh lu workspace e lu lai tnh trang d dang o roi ong MapInfo, tat may tnh hoac lam cong
viec khac. Khi khi ong lai MapInfo va m workspace o ra, tat ca nhng g ta
ang lam d dang se c phuc hoi lai nguyen trang va ta co the tiep tuc cong viec
ma khong phai bat au lai t au. Workspace c s dung chu yeu trong viec trnh
bay ban o cung nh khi phan tch d lieu. Ta co the lu bao nhieu workspace cung
c. Workspace khong lam thay oi noi dung bang cua MapInfo.
- Save Window as: Lu ca so ang c kch hoat thanh mot tap tin hnh anh.
- Revert Table: Huy bo nhng thay oi a c thc hien nhng cha ra lenh lu.
- Run MapBasic Program: chay mot chng trnh MapBasic, tng ng vi nut lenh
Run MapBasic Program Button
neu ta m thanh cong cu Tools ra. MapBasic
la mot phan mem cho phep ta tao them chc nang cho MapInfo ngoai nhng chc
nang a co san cua chng trnh chnh. Khi cai at MapInfo, mot so chng trnh
MapBasic c tch hp san vao MapInfo. Nhng chng trnh nay nam trong th
muc MapInfo\Professional\Tools. Xem them trong phan Phu Luc.
Trang 10
- Page Set Up: nh dang trang in.

- Print: In mot ca so cua MapInfo, tng ng nut lenh Print Window Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard.
- Exit: Thoat khoi MapInfo, tng ng vi to hp phm <Alt>+<F4>.
II.2.1.2. Menu Edit
Menu nay cho phep thc hien cac lenh lien quan en viec chnh sa cac vat the
hay d lieu cung nh xem thong tin (hnh I.4).
- Undo: huy bo mot lenh va c thc hien, tng ng vi nut lenh Undo Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard. Lenh Undo nay ch hien ra khi ta va thc hien
mot thay oi nao o tren ban o. Lenh nay hien chung vi ten lenh va c thc
hien giup ta nh lai mnh va lam g. V du neu ta ve them (Add) mot vat the vao
ban o th lenh hien ra se la Undo Add. Khi a chon lenh nay th lenh Undo se
chuyen thanh Redo (lam lai).
- Cut: xoa mot/nhieu ban ghi hay mot/nhieu vat the o hoa ang c chon, tng
ng vi nut lenh Cut Button
tren thanh
cong cu Standard. oi vi d lieu, lenh nay

xoa i (cac) hang c chon. oi vi phan
ban o cua MapInfo, ta co the xoa mot hay
nhieu vat the o hoa tren ban o sau khi chon
chung. Lu y rang oi vi cac vat the o hoa
tren ban o, lenh nay ch co tac dung khi lp
ban o co cha vat the ang c chon che
o chnh sa. Xem them trong Chng X,
Kiem soat Lp. Phan b cat se c xoa va
Hnh 1.4. Menu Edit
a vao bo nh tam (clipboard) ch cha b xoa hoan toan. Khi xoa mot vat the o
hoa tren ban o th hang tng ng tren bang d lieu cung b xoa va ngc lai.
Hang b xoa oi thanh mau xam va khong con d lieu.
- Copy hay Copy Map Window: mot trong hai lenh nay hien th tuy theo ca so nao
ang c m hay ang c kch hoat (neu co nhieu ca so ang m), tng
ng vi nut lenh Copy Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard. Neu ca so d
lieu cua mot lp ban o ang c m th lenh Copy hien len. Neu ca so ban o
ang c kch hoat th lenh Copy Map Window hien len. Phoi hp hai lenh Copy
Trang 11
Map Window va Paste se cho ket qua tng t lenh Clone View tren menu Map.
Xem tiep trong phan Menu Map.
- Paste: dan. Lenh nay cho phep dan (hay chuyen) nhng g a c cat (trong lenh
Cut) hay sao (trong lenh Copy) len bang d lieu hay len ban o, tng ng vi
nut lenh Paste Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard.
- Clear: xoa vat the o hoa hay ban ghi ang c chon. Lenh nay khong a thong
tin b xoa vao bo nh tam (mat han).
- Clear Map Object Only: oi vi mot bang va co vat the o hoa (ban o) va co d
lieu, ta co the chon lenh nay e ch xoa cac vat the o hoa ma gi lai nguyen d
lieu. Luc nay bang cua MapInfo la mot bang thc s (ch con d lieu ch khong
con ban o na).
- Reshape: chnh sa hnh dang vat the. ay la lenh dung e chnh sa hnh dang
cac vat the o hoa bang cach chnh sa cac not cua chung. Lenh nay ch co y ngha
tren cac vat the kieu ng va vung. oi vi vat the kieu iem, no khong co tac
dung. Lenh nay ch hien ro khi nao vat the c chon nam trong mot lp ang
che o chnh sa. Khi chon vat the o roi chon nut nay, cac not cua vat the o hien
len, ta co the dung nut lenh chon e di chuyen cac not cung nh them/bt cac not
e thay oi hnh dang cua vat the. Lenh nay tng ng vi nut lenh Reshape
Button
tren thanh cong cu Drawing.
- New Row: them mot hang mi vao bang d lieu cua MapInfo. Lenh nay ch hien ro
khi nao ca so d lieu c kch hoat. Hang mi se c chen vao cuoi bang d
lieu. Neu ta chon hang o va bat au ve mot vat the o hoa mi trong lp ban o
o th vat the mi t ong lien ket vi hang o.
- Get Info: xem thong tin trong bang d lieu cua vat the c chon. Lenh nay c
s dung bang cach chon no roi nhap chuot len vat the o hoa tren ca so ban o,
cac thong tin trong bang d lieu cua vat the o se c hien th trong hop thoai Info
Tool. Lenh nay tng ng vi nut lenh Info Button
tren thanh cong cu Main.
II.2.1.3. Menu Tools

Menu Tools cho phep thiet lap che o khi ong va chay cac ng dung cua
MapBasic, cac lenh chuyen oi nh dang ban o so cung nh mot so lenh lien quan
en cac thong tin tren internet hay cac a ch web (hnh I.5).
- Crystal Reports: cho phep m hay tao mot Bao cao Crystal ve thong tin trong mot
bang MapInfo.
- Tool Manager: quan ly cac chng trnh MapBasic. Lenh nay cho phep ieu chnh
che o khi ong cua nhng chng trnh MapBasic va co the ang ky them ng
dung MapBasic (v du nh mot chng trnh MapBasic do ta t viet chang han).
Trang 12
- Arclink: la phan lien quan en viec chuyen oi gia

cac ban o so cua ArcInfo va MapInfo.
- MetaData Browser Launcher: khi ong mot lien
ket vao internet va giup tm kiem cac ban o so co
tren mang. oi vi nc ta, lenh nay khong co y
ngha g nhieu v cac ban o so cua nc ta cha
c thng mai hoa rong rai tren mang.
Hnh I.5. Menu Tools
- Universal Translator: la trnh ng dung cho phep

dch cac ban o so t cac phan mem lam ban o
so khac sang MapInfo hay ngc lai. Trnh ng dung nay ho tr dch mot so kieu
ban o so khac pho bien nh nh dang AutoCAD , ESRI Shape (Arcview),
Integraph/Microstation Design.
Lu y rang tuy theo bao nhieu trnh MapBasic ang c khi ong ma menu nay
co the thay oi. V du neu ta khi ong trnh ve thc ty le th tren ca so menu nay
se co them mot hang na cua ng dung nay.
II.2.1.4. Menu Objects
Menu Objects gom cac lenh chnh sa vat the o
hoa tren ca so ban o. Cac lenh trong menu nay
khong co tac dung len ky t, v du nh khi mot ca so
d lieu c kch hoat chang han th cac lenh trong
menu nay b m i (hnh I.6).
- Set Target: thiet lap muc tieu. Mot hay nhieu vat
the co the c bien thanh muc tieu va cac lenh
i sau se tac dung len (cac) vat the ang la muc
tieu o. Vat the kieu iem va kieu ky t khong the
c thiet lap lam muc tieu. Muon thiet lap
mot/nhieu vat the lam muc tieu, trc het ta phai
dung cong cu chon tren thanh cong cu Main e
chon mot/nhieu vat the o sau o mi chon
Objects > Set Target. (Cac) vat the ch co the c
thiet lap la muc tieu khi lp ban o cha (cac) vat
the o che o chnh sa. Vat the ang c thiet
lap la muc tieu se c anh dau e phan biet
c vi nhng vat the khac tren ca so ban o.
- Clear Target: huy thiet lap muc tieu. Khi cac vat
the ang c thiet lap la muc tieu, chon lenh nay
se tra cac vat the o ve tnh trang bnh thng.
Hnh I.6. Menu Objects
- Combine: nhap vat the. Ta co the dung cong cu chon e chon hai hay nhieu vat the
va dung lenh nay e nhap chung thanh mot vat the. Khi gop vat the o hoa tren
ban o, ta co mot so tuy chon e gop d lieu cua cac vat the o. Xem chi tiet trong
Chng V, muc V.2.1 va Chng XVII, muc XVII.3.3.1.
- Split: Cat mot hay nhieu vat the. Muon cat mot hay nhieu vat the th (cac) vat the
o phai c thiet lap la muc tieu trc. Tiep theo ta phai chon mot/nhieu vat the
cat roi sau o mi thc hien lenh nay.
Trang 13
- Erase: Xoa mot phan (hay toan bo) mot hay nhieu vat the. Phan b xoa la phan giao
(phan chung) vi mot hay nhieu vat the cat. (Cac) vat the b xoa phai c thiet lap
la muc tieu trc o. Cach thc hien tng t lenh Split.
- Erase Outside: xoa phan khong chung (nam ngoai) cua mot hay nhieu vat the. Phan
b xoa la phu nh cua phan giao (phan khong chung) vi (cac) vat the cat. (Cac)
vat the chu tac ong cua lenh nay phai c thiet lap la muc tieu. Cach thc hien
tng t lenh Split.
- Overlay nodes: tao iem chung (not) gia mot hay nhieu vat the c thiet lap la
muc tieu vi mot hay nhieu vat the ang c chon. Not c tao thanh tren (cac)
vat the c thiet lap la muc tieu.
Cac lenh tren khong co tac dung len vat the kieu iem va vat the cat (cutter) phai
la vat the kieu vung.
- Buffer: tao vung em cho mot hay nhieu vat the ang c chon. Lenh nay tao ra
mot hay nhieu vat the kieu vung bao xung quanh (cac) vat the c chon vi ban
knh vung em do ta xac nh. V du ta chon mot iem tng trng cho mot thanh
pho va chay lenh tao vung em vi ban knh la 5 km th MapInfo se ve mot vong
tron xung quanh thanh pho o vi ban knh la 5 km.
- Convex Hull: lenh nay tao ra mot a giac loi chay quanh cac not ngoai cung cua
nhng vat the c chon. Lenh nay co the c hnh dung nh la cang mot day
cao su chay bao xung quanh cac coc. V la a giac loi nen vung tao thanh se khong
co goc trong nao ln hn 180 o. Lenh nay ch co tac dung khi nao (cac) vat the
o hoa c chon cha t nhat 3 not khong thang hang.
- Enclose: tao ra (cac) vung t cac ng cat nhau khep kn.
- Check Regions: Trong qua trnh so hoa cac thong tin kieu vung, ta co the so hoa loi
(cac vung khong kht nhau, dan en viec tnh toan sai sau nay). Lenh nay giup kiem
tra loi sau khi so hoa cac vat the vung.
- Smooth: la lenh bo tron goc cua cac vat the kieu ng. Lenh nay nan tron cac
oan cua ng thanh cac cung (arc) tiep tuyen vi goc nho gia hai oan cua
ng. ay ch la lenh giup hien th vat the kieu ng sao cho chung trong tron
tra hn ma thoi. Cac phep tnh toan (ve a ly) van can c tren vat the goc.
- Unsmooth: kh tac dung bo tron cua lenh Smooth.
- Convert to Region: la lenh oi vat the kieu ng thanh vat the kieu vung.
- Convert to Polyline: la lenh ngc lai, oi vat
the kieu vung thanh vat the kieu ng.
Ta se xem xet chi tiet nhng ng dung cua
cac lenh nay trong viec so hoa ban o va chnh
sa vat the trong Chng V.
II.2.1.5. Menu Query
Menu nay bao gom cac lenh lien quan en
viec truy van, chon, tm thong tin trong cac
bang MapInfo (hnh I.7).
Hnh I.7. Menu Query
Trang 14
- Select: chon vat the/d lieu trong mot bang. Khi dung lenh nay ta phai a ra ieu
kien e MapInfo thc hien phep chon. Neu ca so ban o va ca so Browser cua
mot lp cung m th ca d lieu lan vat the o hoa thoa ieu kien eu c chon.
- SQL Select: cung la mot lenh chon nhng SQL Select co cau truc lenh phc tap hn
ong thi no cho phep ta chon d lieu manh hn so vi lenh Select. Ve nguyen tac
th lenh nay cung tng t nh SQL cua cac he c s d lieu khac. SQL la ch viet
tat cua Structrured Query Language (Ngon ng Truy van co Cau truc).
- Select All: chon tat ca mot bang (hay lp) nao o ang c m. Thong thng khi
m nhieu lp ban o khac nhau th lp nao nam tren se c chon. Mac nh th
co mot lp hien ra sau lenh nay cho phep ta chon nhanh ma khong phai vao hop
thoai Select All.
- Unselect All: Kh chon nhng vat the hay ban ghi ang c chon.
- Find: tm kiem. Lenh nay cho phep ta tm kiem mot vat the nao o tren ban o va
anh dau no lai. Ta ch co the s dung lenh nay neu bang c anh dau la
Indexed. Xem them trong Chng XVII.
- Find Selection: di chuyen noi dung trong ca so ban o hay ca so d lieu e hien
th mot/nhieu vat the/ban ghi ang c chon. V du ta co the chon mot hay nhieu
ban ghi tren ca so d lieu cua mot bang nhng khong thay chung tren ban o v
ban o co o phong ai qua ln, dung lenh nay se giup thay oi ca so ban o e
hien th (cac) vat the ta ang chon trong ca so d lieu. Ngc lai neu ta chon mot
vat the tren ca so ban o nh khong thay ban ghi o c chon trong bang d
lieu, ta cung co the dung lenh nay e ca so Browser chuyen en hang co vat the
ta ang chon.
- Calculate Statistics: lenh nay thc hien mot so tnh toan thong ke tren d lieu cua
mot trng trong mot bang hay cua cac vat the c chon trong mot bang nao o.
Calculate Statistics ch co tac dung khi nao bang c chon cha cac trng kieu
so. Chi tiet lenh nay c trnh bay trong Chng XVII, muc XVII.3.2.
II.2.1.6. Menu Table
Menu nay bao gom cac lenh lien quan en
cac d lieu cua cac lp ban o cua MapInfo ong
thi co cac lenh lien quan en cac d lieu ngoai
MapInfo. Menu nay cung co mot so lenh chnh
sa anh quet a ang ky vao MapInfo (hnh II.8).
- Update Column: cap nhat cot. Lenh nay cho
phep cap nhat thong tin trong bang d lieu cua
MapInfo bang bieu thc hay bang gia tr t mot
bang d lieu khac.
- Append Rows to Table: cho phep noi cac hang
cua mot bang hay mot d lieu khac vao mot
bang c chon.
Hnh II.8. Menu Table
Xem chi tiet hai lenh tren trong Chng XVII, muc XVII.3.
- Geocode: ma a hoa. Ma a hoa la mot lenh dung e hien th thong tin cua mot
bang d lieu khac len ban o. Bang khac nay co the la mot bang cua MapInfo hay
Trang 15
mot bang khong phai MapInfo (Excel, Access,...). Neu la mot bang khong phai
MapInfo ta phai m no ra trc bang lenh Open Table e ang ky no vao MapInfo.
Ma a hoa anh dau tren ban o nhng iem lien ket vi bang th hai bang cach
so sanh thong tin gia lp ban o cua MapInfo vi d lieu can c ma a hoa.
Hai bang c so sanh phai co chung mot cot hoac phai c anh so th t nh
nhau. Cac ban ghi (hang) trong bang can x ly co the khong c ma a hoa het.
Lenh ma a hoa co the c chay t ong (Automatic) hay chay theo kieu tng
tac (Interactive). Chi tiet ve lenh nay c trnh bay trong Chng XVI.
- Create Points: la lenh tao cac iem tren ban o t hai cot toa o co trong bang can
c cham iem. Bang can tao iem co the la bang cua MapInfo hay bang nh
dang khac. Neu khong phai la bang cua MapInfo th bang o phai c m ra trong
MapInfo bang lenh Open Table trc (xem them trong phan sau). Neu muon thc
tap lenh nay tren mot bang MapInfo co vat the o hoa th ta nen sao lu ban o can
thc tap thanh mot bang khac v lenh nay lam thay oi vat the o hoa tren mot lp
ban o cua MapInfo a co cac vat the o hoa. Chi tiet lenh nay c trnh bay trong
Chng XVI.
- Combine Objects using Column: ay la lenh nhap cac vat the lai theo d lieu trong
cot. Ta phai ch nh cot nao c s dung e lam gop vat the. Nhng vat the nao
co chung gia tr trong cot c ch nh se b gop lai thanh mot vat the. Nen sao lu
thanh mot lp ban o khac trc khi thc tap phan nay.
- Import: Nhap. Lenh nay cho phep nhap cac tap tin co nh dang khac vao MapInfo.
Cac nh dang tap tin co the nhap c vao MapInfo la MapInfo Interchange (*.mif),
AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf), MapInfo DOS MBI (*.mbi), MapInfo DOS MMI (*.mmi),
MapInfo DOS Image (*.img).
- Export: Xuat. Lenh nay xuat d lieu trong bang MapInfo sang mot nh dang khac.
Cac nh dang c ho tr la MapInfo Interchange (*.mif), Delimited ASCII (*.txt),
AutoCAD DXF (*.dxf) va dBASE DBF (*.dbf).
- Maintenance: Chnh sa cau truc bang d lieu cua MapInfo nh them trng, thay
oi thuoc tnh, kch thc trng,... Ngoai ra con co mot so lenh khac nh xoa bang,
ong goi bang, oi ten bang. Lenh nay cung co them nhng lenh khac lien quan
en cac bang DBMS (xem phan tren, menu File).
- Raster: Lenh nay cho phep ieu chnh anh quet (anh raster) trong MapInfo. Ta co
the ieu chnh o tng phan cung nh o sang cua anh quet a c m trong
MapInfo. No cung cho phep ta thay oi ang ky toa o anh quet trong MapInfo.
Xem them trong Chng II.
Chi tiet cac lenh Maintenance va Raster c trnh bay trong Chng XVII.
II.2.1.7. Menu Options
Menu nay gom cac lenh ve nh dang kieu vat the o hoa trong MapInfo, cac lenh
hien th cac ca so va cac thanh cong cu va nhng thiet lap cac tuy chon cua chng
trnh chnh cua MapInfo (hnh II.9).
- Line Style: chnh kieu ng, tng ng vi nut lenh Line Style Button
tren
thanh cong cu Drawing. Kieu ng mac nh khi khi ong MapInfo la ng lien,
Trang 16
mau en, net day 1 pixel.

- Region Style: chnh kieu vung, tng ng
vi nut lenh Region Style Button
tren
thanh cong cu Drawing. Kieu vung mac nh
la ranh gii co ng lien mau en, net day
1 pixel va nen trang.
- Symbol Style: chnh kieu iem (bieu tng),
tng ng vi nut lenh Symbol Style Button
tren thanh cong cu Drawing. Kieu iem
mac nh la hnh ngoi sao mau en, kch
Hnh II.9. Menu Options
thc 12 point.
- Text Style: ieu chnh kieu ch, tng

ng vi nut lenh Text Style Button
tren
thanh cong cu Drawing. Kieu ch mac nh la Arial, c ch 10 point.
- Toolbar: Cho phep bat/tat va ieu chnh che o hien th cac thanh cong cu chnh
cua MapInfo.
- Show/Hide Theme Legend Window: bat/tat ca so chu giai. Lenh nay ch co y ngha
khi ta a tao chu giai t lenh Create Legend hay chay lenh Create Thematic Map.
Neu khong th ca so chu giai cung m ra nhng khong co noi dung.
- Show/Hide Statistics Window: bat/tat ca so thong ke. Ca so nay thong ke cac gia
tr tong (Sum) va trung bnh (Average) t cac trng kieu so cua nhng vat the ang
c chon.
- Show/Hide MapBasic Window: bat/tat ca so MapBasic, tng ng vi nut lenh
Show/Hide MapBasic Window Button
neu ta m thanh cong cu Tools. Khi thc
hien cac lenh cua MapInfo, neu m ca so nay ra, ta se thay c cach thc
MapInfo thc hien cac lenh cua ta v nhng lenh o c viet thanh tng dong lenh
tren ca so nay.
- Show/Hide Status Bar: bat/tat thanh trang thai di cung so chnh cua MapInfo.
- Custom Colors: cho phep tao them mau theo y muon cua ngi dung. Neu anh
dau chon vao Save color th mau c chon se c lu lai tren bang chon mau
cua MapInfo.
- Preferences: cho phep ieu chnh nhng thiet lap khac nhau theo y muon cua ngi
dung MapInfo, v du nh chon th muc lu cac tap tin ban o cua MapInfo, th muc
lu cac tap tin workspace, chon may in, ieu chnh ca so ban o,ca so chu
giai,...Chi tiet cach s dung nhng tuy chon nay a c trnh bay trong Chng
I.
II.2.1.8. Menu Map
Trang 17
Menu nay bao gom cac lenh lien quan en ca so ban o (hnh II.10).
- Layer Control: Kiem soat lp, tng ng vi nut lenh Layer Control Button
tren thanh cong cu Main. Lenh nay cho phep ta ieu chnh viec hien th hay tat cac
lp ang m, bat mot lp nao o sang che o chnh sa, them mot lp a m vao
ca so ban o, dan nhan cho cac vat the tren ban o,...Xem chi tiet trong Chng
X.
- Create 3D Map: Tao ban o 3 chieu t mot tap tin grid (li). Tap tin grid nay c
tao ra bang lenh Create Thematic Map. Xem chi tiet trong Chng XIII, muc
XIII.2.6.
- Create Thematic Map: Tao ban o chu e.
Lenh nay noi mot cach nom na la to mau
cho ban o theo cac gia tr co trong trng d
lieu cua ban o hay cac so lieu ngoai lien ket
vi ban o, ong thi lam chu giai cho viec to
mau o. Xem chi tiet trong Chng XIII.
- Modify Thematic Map: Thay oi, ieu chnh
ban o chu e c tao thanh trong lenh tren.
- Create Legend: Lam chu giai cho ban o. Xem
chi tiet trong Chng XIII, muc XIII.1.2.2.
- Change view: Thay oi ty le cua ban o bang
cach nap thong so. Chi tiet c trnh bay
trong Chng XI, muc XI.3.1.
- Clone View: sao ra mot ca so ban o mi t
mot ca so ban o ang c kch hoat.
- Previous View: quay tr lai che o hien th
trc o cua ca so ban o ang c kch
hoat.
Hnh II.10. Menu Map

- View Entire Layer: thay oi ty le cua ban o
sao cho co the nhn thay het cac vat the trong
mot hay tat ca cac lp ban o ang m trong ca so o.
- Clear Custom Labels: xoa cac nhan c tao ra mot cach thu cong.
- Save Cosmetic Objects: lu lai cac vat the c ve tren lp Cosmetic thanh mot lp
mi hay lu vao mot lp ban o ang m. Xem them ve lp Cosmetic trong Chng
X.
- Clear Cosmetic Layer: xoa bo cac vat the c tao ra tren lp Cosmetic.
- Set Clip Region: Thiet lap vung cat, tng ng vi nut lenh Set Clip Region Button
tren thanh cong cu Main. Lenh nay cho phep ta ch hien th ban o trong gii
han cua vung c chon. Sau khi a chon vung cat ta co the bat che o nay len
hay khong ong thi cung co the thay oi vung cat neu muon. Xem chi tiet trong
Trang 18
Chng X, muc X.1.2.

- Clip Region On/Off: bat/tat vung cat, la On khi a co vung cat va cha bat len, Off
khi vung cat a c bat len, tng ng vi nut lenh Clip Region On/Off Button
tren thanh cong cu Main. Xem chi tiet trong Chng X, muc X.1.2.
- Digitizer Setup: ay la phan lien quan en viec ieu chnh thiet b so hoa. Thiet b
so hoa (Digitizer) hay ban so hoa (Digitizing Table) la mot thiet b c noi vao may
tnh. No cho phep ta a ban o giay vao thiet b nay va can lai ban o giay o.
Qua trnh can lai ban o tren ban so hoa cung c sao lai trong MapInfo. Cong
viec nay goi la so hoa ban o. Tuy nhien ban so hoa la mot thiet b at tien ma ch
co nhng c quan chuyen dung mi dung. Cuon sach nay e cap en mot phng
phap pho thong hn la so hoa ban o trc tiep tren MapInfo bang anh quet. Vi
phng phap nay moi ngi eu co the s dung c MapInfo e so hoa ban o.
- Options: ieu chnh cac tuy chon trong ca so ban o cua MapInfo.Ta co the thay
oi n v toa o, khoang cach, dien tch,... cung nh che o ca so ban o phong
to, thu nho,..., cach thc hien th thong tin tren ca so ban o,...
II.2.1.9. Menu Window
Menu nay cho phep ta m hay ieu chnh che o hien th cua cac ca so ang
c m.
- New Browser Window: m mot ca so d lieu mi, tng ng vi nut lenh New
Browser Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard. Ca so mi nay co the la toan
bo bang d lieu cua mot lp ban o hoac mot phan d lieu cua mot bang tuy thuoc
vao phep chon c thc hien trc o.
- New Map Windows: m mot ca so ban o mi, tng ng vi nut lenh New
Mapper Button
tren thanh cong cu Standard. Ca so ban o mi nay co the
la toan bo cac vat the o hoa cua mot lp nao o hoac mot phan cac vat the o
hoa cua mot bang, tuy thuoc vao
lenh chon trc o.
- New Graph Window: thc hien
lenh ve bieu o/o th, tng
ng nu t lenh New Grapher
Button
tren thanh cong cu
Standard. Chi tiet lenh nay c

trnh bay trong Chng XV.
- New Redistrict Window: thc hien
lenh phan chia nhom (Redistrict),
Hnh I.11. Menu Window
Trang 19
tng ng vi nut lenh New Redistricter Button
tren thanh cong cu
Standard. Chi tiet c trnh bay trong Chng XIV.

- Redraw Window: ve lai ca so ang c kch hoat. Lenh nay tng t nh lenh lam
ti man hnh (refresh) cua he ieu hanh nhng ch tac ong len ca so ban o ma
thoi.
- Tile Windows: Sap xep tat ca cac ca so ang m sao cho chung eu c hien th
tren man hnh.
- Cascade Windows: Sap xep tat ca cac ca so ang m sao cho tieu e cua chung
eu co the nhn thay c.
- Arrange Icons: Sap xep lai cac nut lenh.
Phan di cung cua menu Window liet ke danh sach cac ca so ang c m
trong MapInfo.
II.2.1.10. Menu Help
Menu nay la phan tr giup cua MapInfo (hnh II.12).
- MapInfo Help Topics: khi ong phan giup cua MapInfo.
- MapInfo on the Web: khi ong lien ket vao trang web cua MapInfo. Trang web nay
co a ch la httt://www.mapinfo.com.
- MapIndo Data Products on the Web: khi ong lien ket internet vao trang web co
cac san pham cua MapInfo.
- MapInfo Data and Solutions for Europe: tng t nh tren nhng lien ket vao trang
web co cac thong tin ve chau Au.
- About MapInfo: Gii thieu phien ban cung nh so ang ky ban quyen va cac thong
tin lien quan en phan mem MapInfo ang c s dung.
II.2.2. Thanh cong cu Standard
Thanh cong cu nay gom co cac nut lenh
sau (tnh t trai sang phai, hnh II.13):
1 - New Table Button: tao bang mi, tng
ng lenh File > New Table.
2 Open Table Button: m mot bang,
Hnh II.12. Menu Help
tng ng lenh File > Open Table.
3 - Save Table Button: lu mot bang, tng
ng lenh File > Save Table.
4 - Print Window Button: in mot ca so ang c kch hoat.
5 - Cut Button: Cat mot hay nhieu vat the hay d lieu ang c chon. Vat the b
cat c a vao bo nh tam; tng t lenh Edit > Cut.
6 - Copy Button: lu mot hay nhieu vat the (hay d lieu) ang c chon vao bo nh
tam; tng ng lenh Edit > Copy.
Trang 20
7-
Paste Button: dan mot hay nhieu vat the hay d lieu b cat bang lenh Cut hay
c lu bang lenh Copy vao ca so ang c kch hoat; tng ng lenh Edit
> Paste.
9 10 11 12 13 14
Hnh II.13. Thanh cong cu Standard

8 - Undo Button: huy bo mot lenh va thc hien; tng ng lenh Edit > Undo.
9 - New Browser Button: m mot ca so d lieu mi; tng ng lenh Window >
New Browser Window.
10 - New Mapper Button: m mot ca so ban o mi; tng ng lenh Window >
New Mapper Window.
11 - New Grapher Button: thc hien lenh ve bieu o/o th; tng ng lenh Window
> New Graph Window.
12 - New Layout Button: m mot ca so trnh bay mi; tng ng lenh Window >
New Layout Window.
13 - New Redistricter Button: thc hien lenh phan chia nhom; tng ng lenh
Window > New Redistrict Window.
14 - Help Button: Giup . Khi nhap chuot vao nut lenh nay, con tro chuot bien thanh
hnh con tro va dau cham hoi. Nhap chuot len noi dung nao trong MapInfo se
hien th noi dung giup lien quan en phan o.
II.2.3. Thanh cong cu Main
Thanh cong cu Main (hnh II.14) co cac nut lenh sau:
1 - Select Button: Nut lenh chon dung e chon vat the tren ca so ban o, ban ghi
tren ca so Browser hay cac noi dung tren mot so ca so khac. Nut nay c s
dung phoi hp vi phm <Shift> e chon nhieu vat the hay nhieu ban ghi mot luc.
Neu nhieu vat the ang c chon, gi phm <Shift> va nhap chuot len vat
the/ban ghi nao se kh chon no.
2 - Marquee Select Button: chon theo hnh ch nhat, la cong cu chon bang cach re
chuot tren vung muon chon. Khi re chuot vung c ve la hnh ch nhat va khi
tha chuot nhng vat the nam trong hnh ch nhat c chon.
3 - Radius Select Button: chon theo hnh tron, la cong cu chon bang cach re chuot,
khi re chuot mot hnh tron c tao thanh va khi tha chuot ra tat ca nhng vat the
nam trong vong tron o se c chon.
4 - Polygon Select Button: chon bang cach ve mot vung, la cong cu chon bang cach
ve mot vung, nhng vat the nam trong vung o se c chon.
5 - Boundary Select Button: la cong cu chon bang cach nhap chuot len mot vung a
co tren mot lp ban o a co, nhng vat the nam trong vung o nhng thuoc mot
lp khac se c chon.
6 - Unselect All Button: kh chon tat ca nhng vat the hay ban ghi ang c chon
Trang 21
7 - Graph Select Button: chon mot gia tr tren bieu o. oi

vi nhng bieu o c tao ra khong da vao nhng
gia tr trong bang d lieu th nut nay khong hoat ong.
8 - Zoom-in Button: phong to ban o bang cach nhap
chuot hay re chuot chon mot vung. Moi lan nhap chuot
ban o se phong to ra gap oi.
9 - Zoom-out Button: tng t nut Zoom-in nhng la nut thu

nho. Moi lan nhap chuot ban o thu nho lai mot na.
7
8
10- Change View Button: Thay oi ty le va v tr ban o

bang cach nap gia tr.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
11- Grabber Button: nut cong cu nay dung e di chuyen

ban o. Muon di chuyen ban o, ta nhap chuot chon
nut nay, di chuyen chuot lai ca so ban o, re chuot th
ban o se di chuyen.
12- Info Tool Button: xem thong tin cua mot vat the tren
ban o bang cach nhap chuot chon vat the o tren ca
so ban o.
13- Hot Link Button: m mot tap tin hay mot a ch tren
mang khac c lien ket vi vat the tren ban o hay
ban ghi trong ca so Browser thong qua viec thiet lap
ng dan trong mot trng cua bang MapInfo. Xem
chi tiet trong Chng X, muc X.7.2.
Hnh II.14. Thanh

cong cu Main
14- Label Button: nut nay dung e dan nhan thu cong cac vat the tren ca so ban o
bang d lieu t bang. Xem chi tiet trong Chng X, muc X.5.4.
15- Drag Map Window Button: Cho phep keo mot ca so ban o hien hanh sang mot
phan mem khac (chc nang OLE). Muon thc hien ieu nay ta phai m hai ca
so ong thi, ca so MapInfo va ca so phan mem kia, Word chang han, roi chon
nut nay, e con tro chuot tren ca so ban o, re chuot sang ca so kia. Ban o
se c chen vao v tr cua con tro chuot tren phan mem kia.
16- Layer Control Button: tng t lenh Map > Layer Control, cho phep vao hop thoai
kiem soat lp. Chi tiet hop thoai kiem soat lp c trnh bay trong Chng X.
17- Ruler Button: o khoang cach tren ban o bang cach di chuyen chuot va nhap
chuot. Khoang cach c tnh la o dai cac oan thang noi t v tr nhap chuot
nay sang v tr nhap chuot khac. Khi chon nut lenh nay ca so Ruler m ra va
thong tin ve khoang cach hien th trong o, thong tin nay thay oi khi ta di chuyen
va nhap chuot.
18- Show/Hide Legend Button: bat/tat ca so chu giai. Xem them trong Chng XIII,
muc XIII.1.2.2.
19- Show/Hide Statistics Button: bat/tat ca so thong ke, ca so nay hien th gia tr
tong (Sum) va trung bnh (Average) trong cac trng kieu so cua cac vat the ang
c chon.
20- Set Target District Button: thiet lap nhom cha vat the c chon tren ca so ban
o thanh mot nhom muc tieu trong ca so Districts Browser.
Trang 22
21- Assign Selected Objects Button: gan nhng vat the c chon vao nhom muc tieu.
Chi tiet hai nut lenh 20 va 21 c trnh bay trong Chng XIV.
22- Clip Region On/Off Button: bat/tat che o cat vung.
23- Set Clip Region Button: thiet lap vung cat.
Chi tiet hai nut lenh 22 va 23 c trnh bay trong Chng X, muc X.1.2.
II.2.4. Thanh cong cu Drawing
e s dung c cac nut lenh nay, phai co mot lp ban o ang che o chnh
sa. Cac nut lenh nay ch co tac dung tren ca so ban o. Thanh cong cu nay gom
16 nut lenh (hnh II.15) vi y ngha nh sau:
1- Symbol Button (Nut ve bieu tng): ve mot iem tren ban o. Cach ve: chon nut
nay roi nhap chuot len v tr muon cham bieu tng. Bieu tng c tao thanh la
bieu tng mac nh hnh ngoi sao mau en, c 12, tr khi trc o ta a chnh
bieu tng sang kieu khac.
2- Line Button (Nut lenh ve ng thang): la nut lenh ve
ng thang. Cach lam: chon nut cong cu nay, nhap
chuot trai tai v tr bat au va re chuot en iem ket
thuc roi tha phm chuot trai ra.
3- Polyline Button (Nut lenh ve ng gap khuc): ve mot
ng gap khuc tren ca so ban o. ay la nut lenh
c s dung nhieu nhat trong ve ng. Cach ve:
Chon nut lenh nay, di chuyen chuot lai ca so ban
o, con tro chuot bien thanh hnh dau cong, nhap
chuot tai v tr muon bat au ve, di chuyen chuot roi
lai nhap chuot e tao ra mot oan, thc hien tng
t cho en khi ve het ng can ve. Nhap chuot up
tai v tr ket thuc e cham dt ng ve hay nhap
chuot mot lan tai v tr ket thuc roi nhan phm <Esc>.
4- Arc Button (Nut lenh ve mot cung): Nut lenh nay cho
phep ta ve mot cung. Cach ve tng t nh cach ve
mot ng thang
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Hnh II.15. Thanh cong

cu Drawing
5- Polygon Button (Nut lenh ve a giac): Nut lenh nay ve mot hnh a giac (tc mot
vung). Cach ve tng t nh cach ve mot ng nhng khi ket thuc ng th not
cua oan cuoi cung se noi vao not au tien cua oan au tien e khep kn ng
ve va tao ra mot vung. Neu ta nhap chuot up th not tao thanh cuoi cung se c
noi vi not au tien va khep kn ng ve e tao thanh vung.
6- Ellipse Button (Nut lenh ve hnh ellipse): ve mot hnh ellipse. Khi s dung nut lenh
nay neu gi phm <Shift> th ta se ve c mot hnh tron. Cach ve tng t cach
ve ng thang.
7- Rectangle Button (Nut lenh ve hnh ch nhat): ve hnh ch nhat. Khi gi phm
<Shift> ket qua se tao ra hnh vuong. Cach ve tng t cach ve ng thang.
8- Rounded Rectangle Button (Nut lenh ve hnh ch nhat bo tron goc): ve hnh ch
Trang 23
nhat bo tron, gi phm <Shift> khi ve se tao ra hnh vuong goc bo tron. Cach ve
tng t cach ve ng thang. Khi oi mot hnh ch nhat bo tron goc thanh ng
bang lenh Convert to region, goc bo tron se b mat.
9- Text Button (Nut lenh go ch): cho phep go ch trc tiep len ca so ban o. Nut
lenh nay tao ra mot vat the ac biet tren ban o trong MapInfo, o la vat the kieu
ky t. Cach go: nhap chuot chon cong cu nay roi di chuyen chuot vao ca so ban
o, nhap chuot tai v tr muon go ch, bat au thc hien go noi dung can thiet, sau
khi go xong, di chuyen chuot ve thanh cong cu Main nhap chuot chon cong cu
chon, lenh go ch se ket thuc. Neu nhap chuot tren ca so ban o th mot vat the
ky t th hai se bat au tai v tr nhap chuot o.
10- Frame Button (Nut lenh tao khung): tao mot khung e cha thong tin trong ca so
trnh bay. Khi s dung nut lenh nay e ve mot khung, MapInfo se hien th hop thoai
hoi ta muon chen noi dung nao vao khung o. Noi dung co the c chen vao la
mot trong nhng ca so ang c m trong MapInfo. Ca so c chen vao
khung co the la mot ban o, mot bieu o, mot ca so d lieu, chu giai ban o, ca
so Info (thong tin), ca so thong ke (statistics), ca so thong iep (message) hoac
no co the la mot khung rong (khong co noi dung).
11- Reshape Button (Nut lenh chnh sa hnh dang): chnh sa hnh dang cua vat the
sau khi a ve xong. Nut lenh nay ch s dung c khi nao co mot lp ban o
ang che o chnh sa va mot vat the trong lp o c chon.
12- Add Node Button (Nut lenh them not): them mot not vao mot vat the kieu ng
hay vung. Nut lenh nay ch s dung c khi nut lenh chnh sa hnh dang c
kch hoat.
13- Symbol Style Button (Nut lenh chnh kieu bieu tng): cho phep ta chnh sa kieu
bieu tng. Nut lenh nay la lenh tat cua lenh Options > Symbol Style.
14- Line Style Button (Nut lenh chnh kieu ng): cho phep chnh sa kieu ng.
ay la nut lenh tat cua lenh Options > Line Style.
15- Region Style Button (Nut lenh chnh kieu vung): cho phep chnh sa kieu vung.
ay la lenh tat cua lenh Options > Region Style.
16- Text Style Button (Nut lenh chnh kieu ch): Nut lenh nay cho phep ta chnh kieu
ch. Nut lenh nay co tac dung tren ca ca so ban o lan ca so Browser, tuy theo
ca so nao ang c kch hoat luc o. ay la lenh tat cua lenh Options > Text
Style.
II.2.5. Thanh cong cu DBMS
(t MapInfo phien ban 6.0 tr ve sau) hay ODBC
Thanh cong cu nay (hnh II.16) gom cac lenh lien quan en cac c s d lieu ngoai
MapInfo. No gom 6 nut lenh (t trai qua phai):
1- Open DBMS Table Button: vao hop thoai au tien cua lenh m c s d lieu ngoai
MapInfo. Nut lenh nay la lenh tat cua lenh File > Open DBMS Table.
2- Refresh DBMS Table Button: cap nhat lai nhng g mi thay oi trong mot bang
c lien ket vao MapInfo.
3- Unkink DBMS Table Button: ngat lien ket vi mot c s d lieu ngoai MapInfo. Lenh
Trang 24
nay khong c kch hoat neu bang lien ket ang

che o chnh sa. Trc het phai cap nhat nhng
thay oi bang lenh Save Table. Lenh nay se tao ra
mot bang MapInfo bnh thng.
Hnh II.16.Thanh cong
4- Make DBMS Table Mappable Button: truy xuat d

cu DBMS
lieu toa o tren cac cot co cha toa o cua c s d
lieu ngoai MapInfo va sau o hien th cac ban ghi
cua s s d lieu ngoai o len ca so ban o trong MapInfo.
5- Change Symbol for a Mappable DBMS Table Button: thay oi bieu tng cua mot
bang DBMS a c hien th tren ca so ban o.
6- Disconnect DBMS Button: Ngat lien ket vi c s d lieu DBMS nao ang c m
trong MapInfo. Lenh nay ch co tac dung khi nao tat ca cac bang trong c s d
lieu o eu ong. Neu cac bang trong c s d lieu ngoai ang c m th thong
bao loi se hien ra. ay la lenh tat cua lenh File > Close DBMS Connection.
Trang 25
CHNG III.
ANG KY BAN O QUET VAO MAPINFO
III.1. CHUAN B BAN O

Trc het ban o can so hoa phai c chuyen thanh anh tren may tnh bang may
quet (scanner). Anh quet vao may tnh se c x ly lai cho ro net va chnh xac bang
phan mem x ly anh. Neu t ban o qua ln ma ta ch co may quet nho th phai quet
nhieu lan va rap anh lai trong phan mem x ly anh. Anh x ly xong nen c lu lai
di mot trong nhng nh dang anh ma MapInfo ho tr. MapInfo ho tr nhng nh
dang anh sau:
- MrSID: anh nh dang MrSID, uoi m rong .sid. Neu co cai at trnh ieu khien anh
nay (MrSID raster Handler) tren MapInfo th mi m c anh nh dang nay.
- Windows Bitmap: la anh nh dang chuan cua he ieu hanh Window, uoi m rong
.bmp. MapInfo ho tr cac che o anh trang-en (monochrome), anh 8 bit mau va
anh 24 bit mau.
- GIF: la nh dang anh cua Graphics Interchange Format, uoi m rong .gif. MapInfo
ho tr cac nh dang trang-en va 8 bit mau.
- JPEG: chuan nen anh cua Joint Photographic Experts, uoi m rong la .jpg. MapInfo
ho tr chuan nay cac che o anh 8 bit thang mau xam va 24 bit mau.
- PCX: la chuan anh so cua ZSoft Paintbrush, uoi m rong cua anh la .pcx. Loai anh
nay c MapInfo ho tr cac che o mau trang-en, 8 bit thang mau xam, 8 bit mau
va 24 bit mau.
- SPOT: la chuan anh ve tinh cua Phap (Satellite Pour Observation de la Terre), uoi
m rong .bil. Chuan nay c MapInfo ho tr cac che o mau sau: 8 bit thang mau
xam va 24 bit mau (nh dang 1.5 va 4.0).
- TGA: la chuan anh so cua Targa True Vision TGA, chuan nh dang 2.0 uoi m
rong la .tga. Cac che o mau 8 bit thang mau xam, 8 bit mau va 24 bit mau c
MapInfo ho tr.
- TIFF: chuan anh so cua Tagged Image File Format, uoi m rong la .tif. Cac che o
anh sau cua TIFF c MapInfo ho tr: trang en (nhom B, khong nen), trang-en
(nhom B, nen theo chuan PackBits), 8 bit thang mau xam (nhom G, khong nen), 8
bit thang mau xam (nhom G, nen theo chuan LZW), 8 bit mau (nhom P, khong
nen), 8 bit mau (nhom P, nen theo chuan LZW), 24 bit mau (nhom R, khong nen),
24 bit mau (nhom R, nen theo chuan LZW).
Trang 26
Neu khong co y nh x ly anh them va ch s dung nham muc ch so hoa tren

MapInfo th ta co the lu anh nh dang JPEG v kch thc tng oi nho. Ve mat
nguyen tac, anh quet co the e bat ky v tr nao; khi ang ky toa o bang cac iem
khong che MapInfo se chnh ban o c so hoa tren nen anh quet o lai cho ung
toa o. Tuy nhien tot nhat la nen quay ban o ung theo hng bac nam, v neu ban
o quet hi lech th MapInfo khong can chnh c nhng sai so nho nay.
III.2. XAC NH CAC IEM KHONG CHE (Control Points)
Muon hien th c anh ung ty le va ung toa o a ly trong MapInfo, ta can biet
toa o cua t nhat 3 iem tren ban o va nap toa o cua cac iem o e MapInfo dung
chung lam c s tnh toan toa o, khoang cach, dien tch,... sau nay. So lng iem
khong che toi thieu la 3 nhng tot nhat nen nap t 4 iem tr len v vi 4 iem MapInfo
se tnh toan c sai so (tnh bang pixel - iem anh). oi vi cac ban o giay chuan
do nha xuat ban ban o in, ta co the lay cac iem khong che co san tren ban o. Viec
xac nh cac iem khong che tuy thuoc vao tng loai ban o.
Ghi chu: Khi chon cac iem khong che,
can chon cac iem cang xa nhau cang tot
(v MapInfo se tnh toan chnh xac hn)
ong thi phai co t nhat mot iem nam
gan mep ban o.
III.3. ANG KY ANH QUET
Ta se s dung mot tap tin anh quet
ay la ban o ranh gii nc Viet Nam,
tap tin Vietnam.jpg, e lam v du. Tren anh
quet nay ta se s dung 4 iem a biet toa
o e lam iem khong che (hnh III.1).
Toa o 4 iem nay nh sau:
1: (100o00'00'' E, 25o00'00'' N);
2: (107o30'00'' E, 22o30'00'' N);

3: (110o00'00'' E, 07o30'00'' N);
4: (102o30'00'' E, 10o00'00'' N)
Cac toa o tren can c oi ve o

thap phan trc khi ang ky.
- Khi ong chng trnh MapInfo, trong
hop thoai Quick Start chon Open a Table.
Neu a nhan Cancel trong hop thoai nay
khi khi ong MapInfo th t menu chnh
chon File > Open Table.
Hnh III.1. Ban o Viet Nam vi 4 iem

a biet toa o.
- Trong o Files of type ta chon Raster

Image, vao th muc co tap tin Vietnam.jpg
e chon no, xong chon Open (hnh III.2).
Trang 27
Hnh III.2. Hop thoai Open Table - chon m tap tin anh
MapInfo hien th hop thoai hoi hien
th anh (Display) hay ang ky anh
(Register), ta chon Register (hnh
II.3).
- Hop thoai Image Registration se m
ra va ban o quet c hien th
(hnh III.4). Co the phong to hay
thu nho anh bang hai nut
va
, co the di chuyen anh bang hai

thanh cuon ngang va ng.
Hnh III.3. Thong bao hoi

ang ky tap tin anh
- Chon He quy chieu: ay la bc rat quan trong trong ang ky anh v neu chon sai
th cac tap tin so hoa sau nay can c tren anh quet se khong chnh xac va trong
nhieu trng hp ban o sau khi so hoa xong luc m ra se b meo. Khi ang ky mot
ban o quet, ta phai biet he quy chieu cua t ban o o. Cac thong tin ve he quy
chieu thng co tren ban o, can chu y xem e chon he quy chieu cho ung. Xem
them ve he quy chieu trong Chng XIX. Nhan chuot vao nut Projection, hop thoai
Choose Projection (chon he quy chieu) m ra (hnh III.5). Neu khong biet he quy
chieu ma lai co toa o cac iem khong che tnh bang kinh o/v o th ta co the chon
Longitude/Latitude (WGS84).
Trong v du nay ta chon trong o Category la Longitude/Latitude va trong Category
Members la Longitude/Latitude (WGS84). Xong nhan OK. Nhap chuot vao nut Units
(n v). Trong trng hp nay n v mac nh la degrees (o - viet tat la deg). oi
vi mot so he quy chieu khac, ta co the co tuy chon nhieu n v toa o khac nhau.
Chon n v xong nhap chuot vao OK e quay tr lai hop thoai Image Registration.
- Nap toa o cac iem khong che: khi di chuyen chuot tren phan ban o, con tro
chuot bien thanh hnh dau cong. Di chuyen chuot en iem khong che th nhat va
Trang 28
nhap chuot, hop thoai Add Control Point (nap iem khong che) m ra (hnh III.6).
Nap toa o cua iem th nhat vao trong hai o MapX (kinh o) va MapY (v o). Lu
y rang toa o nap vao trong hai o nay la o thap phan ch khong phai o - phut giay. Ta phai oi cac toa o ve o thap phan trc khi nap toa o. Khong can thay
oi g trong hai o ImageX va ImageY v ay la toa o cua anh quet tnh bang pixel
do MapInfo t tnh va nap vao.
Co the at ten cho iem khong che bang cach go ten vao o Label, neu khong
Hnh III.4. Hop thoai Image Registration - ang ky anh

MapInfo t ong at ten cho cac iem khong che theo th t la Pt1, Pt2, Pt3, (Pt viet tat cua ch point - iem).
Chu y: MapInfo quy c hng toa o theo dau, neu toa o ta nap vao la kinh o
Tay va v o Nam th con so phai co dau tr ang trc (la so am). Nc Viet Nam
nam hoan toan trong vung pha ong va tren ng xch ao (v o Bac) nen ban
o trong ranh gii nc ta khi nap toa o khong can dau (so dng).
- Nap xong toa o ta nhan OK, quay tr lai hop thoai ang ky anh. iem nhap chuot
c anh dau bang dau cong mau o va co ten cua iem o ben canh.
- Di chuyen chuot tren ban o e tm cac iem khong che con lai va nap toa o cua
chung vao tng t nh vi iem au tien.
Trang 29
Lu y rang neu ta ch
nap 3 iem khong che th
sai so ang ky anh luon
luon la 0 pixel du ta cham
cac iem sai hoac nap sai
toa o. Neu nap t 4 iem
khong che tr len th mi
co the biet c sai so.
Hnh III.5. Hop thoai Choose Projection

- chon he quy chieu.
nhan sau:
Trong v du nay ta nap

4 iem khong che. Co the
thay man hnh ang ky vi
danh sach 4 iem, toa o
cua tng iem va sai so
trong co t Error (pixels)
(hnh III.7).
Sai so trong ang ky
anh co the do cac nguyen
- Anh quet khong chnh xac (b meo hoac

ghep anh khong chnh xac). Chat lng cua
t ban o quet vao cung rat quan trong.
- Nap toa o sai.
- Cham iem khong che sai.
Ta co the chon mot iem khong che bang
cach nhap chuot vao iem muon chon tren
danh sach cac iem o. Ta cung co the xem v
tr iem khong che tren ban o bang cach chon
mot iem trong danh sach cot Label roi nhap
chuot vao nut Goto, co the chnh sa lai iem
khong che bang nut Edit, co the xoa bo mot
iem khong che bang nut Remove, co the them
iem khong che bang nut New.
Thong thng th kho co the tranh khoi sai
so neu nap nhieu iem khong che. Tuy nhien Hnh III.6. Hop thoai Add Control
Point - nap toa o cho iem
ta phai xac nh sai so bao nhieu la chap nhan
khong che
c. Sai so chap nhan c lai phu thuoc vao
nhu cau s dung, ty le ban o ang ky va hoan
toan do ngi ang ky quyet nh. V du neu ta quet ban o nc Viet Nam ty le
1/1.000.000 ma sai so la 10 km th co the chap nhan c (v la mot ban o ai
cng, ty le rat nho) nhng neu ta quet mot ban o Gauss ty le 1/10.000 ma sai so
la 500 met th khong the chap nhan c (v la mot ban o co o chnh xac cao).
Sai so bao tren hop thoai ang ky anh quet c tnh bang pixel. Ta phai quy oi
ve n v o lng thong thng (met, kilomet,...) e biet sai so o co chap nhan c
hay khong. Xem cach tnh sai so phan sau cua chng nay.
Trang 30
Hnh III.7. Ban o sau khi ang ky xong 4 iem toa o va sai so hien
th tren cot Error (pixels)
- Sau khi nap xong cac iem khong che, ta nhan OK. MapInfo se m anh quet ra
trong ca so ban o.
Khi ang ky xong, MapInfo se t tao ra
mot tap tin cha cac thong tin ma ta a
ang ky toa o cho anh quet. Tap tin nay
co cung ten vi tap tin anh ma ta a ang
ky vi uoi m rong la .tab (c goi la
MapInfo Table). Neu nhn tren ca so
Window Explorer cua he ieu hanh ta se
thay tap tin nay c lu lai trong cung
th muc vi tap tin anh quet.
Lan sau khi muon m lai tap tin anh a ang ky th ch can chon Open Table trong
menu File (hay Open a Table trong hop thoai Quick Start), tap tin .tab la tap tin ta se
thay, chon no roi nhap chuot vao nut Open th tap tin anh a ang ky se c m ra,
khong can phai ang ky anh quet lai na.
Trang 31
III.4. ANG KY ANH QUET KHI KHONG BIET TOA O

oi khi ta cung co nhu cau x ly mot ban o trong MapInfo ma khong biet toa o.
Hoac cung co the ta muon x ly mot ban o khong lien quan en toa o a ly tren be
mat qua at, v du nh ban ve mot lo at chang han. Trong trng hp o ta van co
the ang ky mot ban o quet khong co toa o vao MapInfo e so hoa va s dung cac
lenh cua MapInfo. Mot ban o khong biet toa o hoac khong can toa o khi ang ky
vao MapInfo cung phai biet ty le th cac tnh toan a ly mi chnh xac c. Mot ban
o trong MapInfo khong s dung he toa o qua at th he toa o no s dung c goi
la he toa o phi qua at (Non-Earth). Khi ang ky ban o theo he kinh o/v o,
MapInfo se can c tren cac iem khong che e hien th anh quet cho ung vi he toa
o c chon. oi vi anh quet ang ky khong theo he kinh/v o, ta can hieu biet oi
chut ve anh quet e ang ky cho ung.
Hnh III.8. Hnh A, anh con

ca tren may tnh trong
bnh thng; hnh B: khi
phong to anh ra (phan au
ca), anh thc chat la tap hp
nhng hnh vuong nho (iem anh), moi
hnh vuong co mot mau xac nh va v tr xac nh.
III.4.1. S lc ve anh quet trong may tnh

Anh quet trong may tnh khac vi anh giay bnh thng. Mot anh quet trong may
tnh thc chat bao gom nhieu iem nho hnh vuong goi la pixel - iem anh (viet tat cua
ch picture element). Moi mot iem anh co mot mau xac nh. So mau cua mot anh
quet tuy thuoc vao nh dang cua anh quet o. V du anh thang o xam 8 bit se co
256 cap o xam (28 = 256) t mau trang en mau en, anh mau 24 bit se co 224 =
16777216 mau (hn 16,7 trieu mau). May tnh quan ly anh quet theo tng iem anh
Hnh III.9. A: He toa o

cua anh quet va
B: he toa o phi
qua at trong
MapInfo (he toa
o Descartes).
Trang 32
va gia tr mau cua iem anh o. Khi quan sat mot anh quet tren may tnh, v kch thc
iem anh qua nho nen ta khong nhn thay cac iem anh. Nhng neu phong to anh
quet ra th ta se nhn thay nhng iem anh nay
(hnh III.8).
Moi iem anh tren anh quet se
co 3 thong so, toa o cua iem
anh o theo truc x va y va gia tr
mau cua iem anh o. Toa o
cua iem anh la v tr cua iem
anh o tren anh, tc iem
anh o nam hang th may
va cot th may. Goc toa o
cua anh nam goc tren ben
trai cua tam anh. Trong he
toa o cua anh quet chieu
dng cua truc tung (truc y)
la chieu t tren xuong, con
chieu dng cua truc hoanh
(truc x) la chieu t trai sang
phai. Trong khi o he toa o phi
qua at trong MapInfo lai lay goc
toa o la goc di ben trai. V vay truc
Y trong anh quet va truc Y trong
Hnh III.10. He truc toa o cua qua at. MapInfo co chieu ngc nhau (hnh
III.9).
Khi ang ky anh quet co toa o theo he toa o cua Trai at (kinh o/v o), ta phai
s dung mot trong nhng he quy chieu c MapInfo ho tr. Trong he toa o theo kinh
o/v o cua qua at, goc toa o 0 la giao iem cua ng kinh tuyen goc va ng
xch ao (hnh III.10). ng kinh tuyen goc la truc Y va ng xch ao la truc X.
Chieu dng cua v o la chieu hng len tren (hng bac) va chieu dng cua kinh
o la chieu hng sang phai (hng ong).
Khi ang ky anh quet khong co toa o, MapInfo s dung he truc toa o Descartes
vi chieu cua truc tung va truc hoanh cung giong vi chieu cua he toa o kinh/v o.
Do he toa o cua anh quet va he toa o phi qua at (Non-Earth) ma MapInfo s
dung co truc tung ngc chieu nhau v vay khi ang ky anh quet ta phai oi dau gia
tr y cua cac iem khong che.
III.4.2. Cach ang ky
Anh quet ang ky theo he toa o phi qua at cung phai biet ty le th mi ang ky
ung c. Ta co the s dung ngay he toa o cua Photoshop e lay toa o cua cac
iem khong che, sau o quy oi chung ra khoang cach tren thc a bang cach nhan
vi ty le cua ban o. Khi nap toa o cac iem khong che trong hop thoai Image
Registation cua MapInfo, ta oi dau gia tr Y (tc truc tung). Neu khong oi dau, do che
o hien th cua anh quet trong MapInfo b phu thuoc vao anh quet v the ta khong thay
anh quet b ngc chieu. Nhng khi so hoa tren anh quet nay va ch m ban o a so
hoa th ban o so se b lat ngc. Nhng ban o so nh vay khong the chnh sa c.
Trang 33
Ta se xem xet mot v du di ay.

Ta co mot anh quet la ban o quy hoach s dung at quan 4 en nam 2005, ty le
1/28.000, tap tin co ten la Quan4_2005.jpg. Cac bc thc hien ang ky nh sau:
1- Khi ong phan mem Photoshop va m anh quet ra.
2- Bat thc o ngang va ng cua Photoshop len neu cha bat. Cach lam: t menu
chnh cua Photoshop chon View > Show Ruler.
3- Chuyen thc o tren Photoshop thanh centimet. Cach lam: t menu chnh chon
Edit > Preferences > Units and Rulers. Hop thoai Preferences m ra.
4- Trong o Units, phan Rulers, oi n v o thanh cm.
5- Chon trc tren t ban o quet nhng iem nao c s dung lam iem khong
che. Nguyen tac chon iem khong che trong trng hp nay cung giong nh khi
ang ky theo kinh o/v o. Ta nen chon toi thieu la 4 iem e thay c sai so.
6- Bat ca so bao toa o v tr con tro chuot len, cach lam: t menu chnh chon
Window > Show Info.
7- Nhap chuot chon cong cu Rectangular Marquee Tool
8- Di chuyen chuot tr lai anh quet. Con tro chuot bien thanh hnh dau cong. Khi di
chuyen chuot trong anh quet, tren hai thc o ngang va ng hien ra hai ng
cham cham manh cho ta biet toa o v tr con tro chuot. ong thi tren ca so
Info, goc di ben trai cung hien ra hai gia tr X va Y cho ta biet chnh xac toa o
cua con tro.
9- Di chuyen con tro chuot en iem khong che th nhat, ghi lai toa o X va Y cua
v tr o tren ca so Info.
10- Tng t, di chuyen chuot en tat ca cac v tr a chon lam iem khong che va
lan lt ghi lai cac cap toa o (X,Y) cua cac iem o. Lam xong ong tap tin anh
lai va thoat khoi Photoshop.
Gia s ta a chon bon iem khong che co cac toa o nh sau:
iem 1: (x= 1.67, y =1.57); iem 2: (x = 16.48, y = 2.58); iem 3: (x = 16.94, y =
9.22); iem 4: (x = 5.2, y = 7.55). V thc ty le ta chon ay la cm nen cac gia
tr toa o ay c tnh bang centimet.
Ta tien hanh quy oi cac toa o nay ve kch thc tren thc a. Cach lam:
11- Ban o nay co ty le la 1:28,000 vay 1cm = 28,000 cm = 0.28 km tren thc a.
Nh vay toa o tren anh cua iem 1 la (1.67,1.57) (cm) nen toa o cua iem o
tnh theo ty le thc a se la x = 1.67 x 0.28 va y = 1.57 x 0.28, tc la (x = 0.4676,
y = 0.4396) (km). Tng t nh vay ta tnh lai toa o cac iem khong che theo ty
le thc. Ket qua la cac iem khong che se co toa o thc nh sau:
iem 1: (x= 0.4676, y =0.4396); iem 2: (x = 4.6144, y = 0.7224); iem 3: (x =
4.7432, y = 2.5816); iem 4: (x = 1.456, y = 2.114).
Sau khi a co toa o cua 4 iem khong che tren thc a, ta tien hanh ang ky
toa o vao MapInfo nh sau:
12- Khi ong MapInfo.
Trang 34
13- T hop thoai Quick Start chon Open a Table hay t menu chnh chon File > Open
Table. Hop thoai Open Table m ra.
14- Trong hop thoai m bang, o File of Type chon Raster Image, trong o Look in,
m th muc a lu tap tin anh quet Quan4_2005.jpg va chon tap tin nay roi nhap
chuot chon Open. Hop thoai hoi ang ky anh m ra.
15- Chon Register. Hop thoai Image Registration m ra.
16- Nhap chuot chon nut Projection, hop thoai Choose Projection m ra.
17- Trong o Category nhap chuot vao nut tha xuong
chon Non-Earth; di o
Category Members chon Non-Earth (kilometers) (v toa o ta tnh phan tren theo
kilomet). Xong chon OK e quay lai hop thoai Image Registration. Neu nhap chuot
vao nut Units ta se thay n v tnh se c oi thanh kilometers.
18- Dung hai thanh cuon ngang va ng e di chuyen ban o en iem ang ky th
nhat. Co the phong to hay thu nho ban o e thay ro.
Thong thng ta nen phong to ban o e cham iem
khong che cho chnh xac.
19- Nhap chuot vao v tr iem khong che th nhat. Hop
thoai Add Control Point m ra.
20- Nap toa o x va y cua iem khong che th nhat vao
o MapX va MapY. Nh a trnh bay, truc toa o Y trong
anh quet va MapInfo ngc chieu nhau nen pha trc gia
tr y ta phai go dau tr (-) e oi chieu lai theo MapInfo.
Dau tr phai nam sat vao con so ch khong c cach ra.
Lam xong chon OK.
21- Di chuyen ban o en cac iem khong che khac va nap toa o mot cach tng
t.
22- Kiem tra sai so xem co chap nhan c hay khong. Neu c chon OK e ket
thuc. Anh quet se c m ra. Neu sai so th kiem tra xem sai so v ly do g, nhap
chuot chon iem sai va nhan nut Edit e chnh sa lai neu can.
Khi ang ky anh quet theo he quy chieu phi qua at va so hoa tren MapInfo theo
ban o quet o, can lu y mot so van e sau:
- Ban o so da theo anh quet ang ky nh tren ch hien th c cac vat the c
so hoa trong ranh gii cua anh quet o ma thoi, neu ta so hoa them nhng vat the
nam ngoai anh quet o th khi va ve xong chung se b bop vao sat mep cua anh
quet va khong con hnh dang a ve na.
- Khi thc hien tnh toan a ly (chieu dai, dien tch) trong ban o so hoa theo he toa
o phi qua at, MapInfo ap dung cach tnh theo he toa o Descartes phang hai
chieu. Gia tr tnh toan c trong MapInfo co sai so nhng thc ra cung khong
nhieu v cac ban o so theo kieu Non-Earth thng ch c s dung trong mot
pham vi rat nho so vi be mat a cau, va trong trng hp o mat cong a cau
gan nh mat phang.
- Trong v du tren ta lay goc toa o la goc tren ben trai e co the tan dung cach lay
toa o iem khong che trong Photoshop cho tien. Ve mat nguyen tac, khi ang ky
Trang 35
anh quet theo he toa o phi qua at, ta co the chon goc toa o tai bat ky v tr nao,
tham ch ngoai gii han anh quet cung c. Tuy nhien neu chon mot goc toa o
bat ky th viec tnh toan toa o cac iem khong che khong de va mat thi gian.
- Khi quet anh va m anh ra trong Photoshop, khoang cach hien th trong Photoshop
bang ung vi kch thc anh giay luc quet vao, khong phu thuoc vao viec ta chon
o phan giai khi quet la bao nhieu.
- oi vi mot anh quet can a vao MapInfo ma khong biet ty le, neu a co mot ban
o so khac hay mot anh quet a ang ky khac cua cung khu vc, ta co the thc
hien phng phap ang ky toa o theo mot bang MapInfo a co. Xem chi tiet
phng phap nay trong Chng XVII, muc XVII.2.5.3.
III.5. CACH TNH SAI SO TRONG ANG KY ANH QUET
Tuy ty le ban o va o phan giai cua anh quet ma gia tr sai so 1 pixel tren hop
thoai Image Registration so vi thc a co the khac nhau. Sai so bao nhieu la chap
nhan c tuy thuoc vao yeu cau ve o chnh xac cua ban o ta can so hoa.
Muon tnh sai so ang ky anh quet bang bao nhieu met, ta can phai biet c o
phan giai cua anh quet va ty le cua ban o quet.
Hnh III.11. Hop thoai Image Size trong Photoshop.

e biet c o phan giai cua anh quet ta phai co mot phan mem x ly anh so
tren may tnh th mi biet c. Phan nay trnh bay cach xem o phan giai anh quet
t phan mem Photoshop. Cach lam nh sau:
- Khi ong Photoshop.
- M anh quet can kiem tra o phan giai ra.
Trang 36
- T menu chnh cua Photoshop chon Image > Image SIze.

- Hop thoai Image Size m ra (hnh III.11), o Resolution cho ta biet o phan giai cua
anh ang m. n v tnh mac nh cua o phan giai la pixels/inch, ta co the oi ve
pixels/cm neu muon.
Ngoai o phan giai ta cung phai biet c ty le cua ban o ta a quet th mi tnh
c sai so.
Cach tnh sai so khi ang ky anh quet nh sau:
- Goi ty le ban o la a (v du ban o ty le 1:50.000 th a bang 50.000 n v khoang
cach, v du 1 cm se bang 50,000 cm tren thc a).
- o phan giai cua ban o khi quet la b (pixels/n v khoang cach)
- c la he so quy oi n v khoang cach gia hai n v tnh trong a va b,
trong o b = a*c (v du neu a la cm va b la inch th 1 inch = 1 cm * 2,54)
1 pixel tren anh quet se bang: a*c/b (n v khoang cach tnh theo a).
V du: ta quet mot ban o co ty le la 1/50.000 vi o phan giai la 300 pixels/inch. Vay
hay tnh sai so 1 pixel tng ng vi bao nhieu met ngoai thc a?
Cach tnh:
+ ban o co ty le 1/50.000, vay 1cm tren ban o = 50.000 cm = 0,5 km thc a.
+ o phan giai 300 pixels/inch, 1 inch = 2,54 cm, vay 300 pixel = 2,54 cm, nen 1
cm = 300/2,54 pixel.
+ 1cm = 0,5 km = 300/2,54 pixel nen 1 pixel = (0,5 x 2,54)/300 = 0,00423 km =
4,23 met
Nh vay sai so 1 pixel trong v du nay tng ng vi 4,23 met ngoai thc a.
Trang 37
CHNG IV.
SO HOA BAN O T ANH QUET
Chng nay se trnh bay phng phap so hoa ban o t ban o quet a ang ky.
Gia s ta a quet va ang ky mot ban o hanh chnh Viet Nam, tap tin anh co ten
la bd_hcvn.jpg (hnh III.1). Trc khi so hoa ban o, can phai xac nh xem ta can so
hoa nhng thong tin nao, cac thong tin o nen c chia ra thanh bao nhieu nhom
va cac nhom thong tin o nen c xep vao nhng nhom vat the nao tren MapInfo.
IV.1. CAC VAT THE (Object) TREN BAN O MapInfo
Nh a gii thieu trong Chng II, ban o trong MapInfo c to chc thanh tng
nhom c goi la lp. Moi lp cha mot nhom thong tin nhat nh cung vi d lieu
cua chung. Mot t ban o giay khi c in ra se co nhieu thong tin khac nhau, v the
khi so hoa ban o, ta can phai tach cac thong tin trc khi so hoa ra thanh tng nhom
va tao thanh tng lp khac nhau. e ve ban o trong MapInfo, ta s dung cac nut
cong cu ve tren thanh cong cu Drawing.
Ban o trong MapInfo co the co cac loai vat the sau:
- Vat the iem: vat the iem tng trng cho nhng thong tin co tnh chat v tr,
v du nh thanh pho, th tran, tram xang, trng hoc,... Vat the iem c ve
bang cong cu Symbol.
- Vat the ng: vat the ng tng trng cho nhng thong tin co chieu dai v
du nh ng giao thong, song suoi, he thong ng ien,... MapInfo phan biet
ra 3 kieu vat the ng khac nhau la ng thang (line object) c ve bang
cong cu Line, ng gap khuc (polyline), c ve bang cong cu Polyline, va
ng cung (arc object), c ve bang cong cu Arc. ng gap khuc (trong
cuon sach nay c goi tat la ng) la kieu vat the ng c s dung
thng xuyen nhat trong ve ban o.
- Vat the vung: vat the vung tng trng cho nhng thong tin co dien tch v du
nh mot tnh, mot quan, mot cai ho,...MapInfo phan biet 4 kieu vat the vung:
hnh a giac (polygon), c ve bang cong cu Polygon, hnh ellipse (ellipse
object) c ve bang cong cu Ellipse, hnh ch nhat (rectangle) c ve bang
cong cu Rectangle, hnh ch nhat bo tron (rounded rectangle) c ve bang
cong cu Rounded Rectangle. Ba kieu vat the sau cung khong hien len dien tch
khi tnh toan. Ta se thao luan viec nay phan sau.
- Vat the ky t: ay la mot kieu vat the ac biet, no la nhng ky t (hay ch) ma
Trang 38
ta co the go trc tiep vao ban o va lu lai thanh mot lp rieng biet. Vat the ky
t c go len ban o bang cong cu Text. Vat the ky t thng c s dung
e ho tr cho chu giai tren ban o.
IV.2. SO HOA BAN O T ANH QUET A ANG KY bd_hcvn.jpg
Trc het ta can phan tch nhng thong tin co tren ban o va tach chung thanh
cac nhom. Moi lp ban o cha cac thong tin thuoc cung mot nhom, v du lp ng
giao thong, lp quan, lp song suoi,... Sau o ta can xac nh nhng nhom thong tin
o can c so hoa bang cong cu ve nao tren MapInfo.
Ban o hanh chnh Viet Nam bao gom cac thong tin chnh sau ay:
- Ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam.
- Cac tnh.
- Tnh l, thanh pho va cac th xa.
- He thong ng giao thong chnh (ng nha, ng sat).
- Cac song ngoi chnh.
Nh vay ban o nay nen c to chc thanh cac lp sau: lp ranh gii, lp cac
tnh, lp thanh pho - th xa, lp he thong ng giao thong va lp song ngoi.
Ta se lan lt xem xet cach so hoa tng lp thong tin tren.
IV.2.1. So hoa lp ranh gii Viet Nam:
Phan tch: ranh gii Viet Nam la mot ng tng trng cho hnh dang cua nc
Viet Nam, no bao gom ng ranh gii tren at lien va ng b bien cung vi mot
so ao. Ta se dung vat the kieu ng e bieu th cho ranh gii o. Trong phan nay
ta se s dung cong cu ve ng gap khuc e ve ranh gii nc Viet Nam thong qua
lp Cosmetic.
Cach thc hien nh sau:
- T menu chnh Chon File > Open Table e m ban o quet a ang ky bd_hcvn.jpg.
- Chon Map > Layer Control. anh dau chon vao o chnh sa
Layer. Chon OK.
- Nhap chuot chon nut lenh ve ng gap khuc
hang Cosmetic
(Polyline tool) roi di chuyen
chuot sang ca so ban o ang m, con tro chuot luc nay bien thanh hnh dau
cong.
- Chon mot iem tren ng ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam, ni tiep giap gia ranh
gii tren at lien va ranh gii tren bien va bat au nhap chuot theo ng ranh gii
tren at lien. Moi mot lan nhap chuot la mot lan tao ra mot not e anh dau s oi
hng cua ng ta ang ve. ong tac nay thc chat giong nh viec ap t giay
can len ban o va dung but ch can lai.
- Khi ve cham en au kia ranh gii tren at lien th ta nhan phm <Esc> hay nhap
chuot up tai iem cuoi e ket thuc ng ranh gii tren at lien.
Trang 39
- Nhan phm <S> tren ban phm, ta thay tren thanh trang thai hien ra ch SNAP. Di
chuyen chuot lai gan au cua ng ranh gii mi ve xong, ta se thay dau cong
nho bien thanh mot dau cong cham cham ln hn va con tro chuot nhay vao sat
iem ket thuc cua ng kia. Ta bat au nhap chuot ve tiep ng ranh gii tren
bien. Lenh SNAP nay cho phep ta ve mot ng ngay tai iem ket thuc cua ng
kia (nhan phm SNAP lan na th lenh SNAP nay se tat i). Khi ve ng ranh gii
bien ve gan sat au kia cua ng ranh gii tren at lien, con tro chuot cung hien
Hnh III.1. Ca so ban o quet a ang ky c m trong MapInfo.

thanh hnh dau cong cham cham va nhay vao gan not au cua ng kia, nhap
chuot vao iem cuoi roi nhan phm <Esc> e ket thuc ng ranh gii tren bien.
- Tiep tuc ve cac phan con lai cua nc ta, v du nh ve lai ao Phu Quoc va cac
ao khac. Nhng ng nay la nhng ng kn, ng ve se quay tr lai not au
tien. Khi ve gan sat iem au, nhan phm <S> e bat chc nang SNAP len, khi
con tro chuot nhay vao iem au th ta nhap chuot mot lan roi nhan phm <Esc>
e ket thuc.
Lu y:
Trang 40
- Khi ng ve cha ket thuc ma vung ang ve nam ngoai ca so ban o (do phong
ai ban o len e thay ro cac chi tiet khi ve), muon di chuyen ban o ta di chuyen
chuot ve hng can so hoa tiep th ban o se chay va hien th phan ban o can
ve tiep.
- Khi so hoa mot ban o nao o can quyet nh o phong ai cua ban o mc nao
e co the thay ro va ve het oi tng o ma khong can phai chnh o phong ai
v khong the thc hien c ieu nay khi ng ve cha ket thuc. Ta co the phong
to hay thu nho ban o bang hai nut phong to thu nho
tren thanh cong cu
Main.
- Khi ve mot ng bat au t mot au cua ng khac, ta nhan <S> e khi ong
chc nang SNAP va nhap chuot ve mot vai oan au thoi, sau o lai nhan <S> e
tat chc nang nay i v neu khong khi ve gan en mot not nao o cua mot vat the
khac, con tro chuot se nhay vao not o lam ng ve khong chnh xac. Khi
ng ve ket thuc tai au cua mot not khac th ta lai nhan <S> e bat chc nang
nay len e no giup ta xac nh iem o cho chnh xac.
e xem san pham tao thanh, t menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control, tat dau
chon vao cot hien th
hang cua tap tin anh quet roi chon OK. Luc nay ca so
ban o ch hien len ng ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam ma ta va ve.
e lu lai ket qua ta lam nh sau:
- Chon Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Hop thoai Save objects to table m ra.
- at ten tap tin mi ve xong la ranh_gioi trong o File name.
- Chon th muc lu lai tap tin nay trong o Save in, s dung nut tha xuong
chon
th muc e lu tap tin mi tao vao.
- Lam xong nhan nut Save.
Nh vay ng ranh gii mi tao thanh se c chuyen t lp Cosmetic vao mot
lp mi ma ta at ten la ranh_gioi.
e co the nhn thay ket qua c lu lai nay, t menu chnh chon Map > Layer
Control. Luc nay ten lp ban o mi c tao thanh se hien th trong danh sach cung
vi lp ban o quet a ang ky.
Ghi chu: khi lu nhng thong tin a ve thanh mot lp mi, MapInfo se lu nhng
thong tin nay thanh 4 tap tin rieng biet, nhng tap tin nay co cung ten nhng co phan
m rong khac nhau. Trong trng hp nay co 4 tap tin c lu lai la ranh_gioi.tab,
ranh_gioi.map, ranh_gioi.dat va ranh_gioi.id. Khi dung lenh m bang (Open Table)
trong MapInfo, ta ch nhn thay mot tap tin duy nhat la ranh_gioi.tab. Xem them ve cac
tap tin thanh phan cua MapInfo trong Chng XVII.
Gia s ta cha ve xong ban o nc Viet Nam ma a thc hien lenh Map > Save
cosmetic objects va lu thanh lp ranh_gioi. Neu muon ve tiep vao lp o sau khi a
lu, cach lam nh sau:
- Chon Map > Layer Control, hop thoai Layer Control m ra.
- anh dau chon vao cot chnh sa
hang cua ten tap tin ta mi lu (lp
Trang 41
ranh_gioi) va tiep tuc ve.

- Khi ve xong ta nhan nut lu (bieu tng hnh cai a mem
tren thanh cong cu
Standard, hoac chon File > Save Table hoac nhan to hp phm <Ctrl>+<S>).
MapInfo m ra hop thoai Save Table (lu bang). Hop thoai nay liet ke tat ca cac
lp ban o ang m co nhng thay oi nhng cha c lu lai. Trong trng hp
nay ta ch co mot lp la ranh_gioi. Chon lp nay va nhan nut Save.
Ta co the dung lenh lu nay bao nhieu lan cung c trong suot qua trnh ve moi
khi ve them hay chnh sa ban o.
IV.2.2. So hoa lp ng giao thong va song ngoi
- Chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chon chnh sa
chon OK.
vao lp Cosmetic Layer,
- Lai chon cong cu ve ng gap khuc

e ve cac ng giao thong (nhng
ng lien co mau o tren ban o quet). Trong v du nay ta ch ve cac ng giao
thong trong ranh gii nc Viet Nam, ta se ket thuc ng khi no cham ranh gii
nc ta.
Khi ve lp ng giao thong ta can chu y cac iem sau:
- T luc ta nhap chuot e bat au ve ng ranh gii chnh cho en luc nhap chuot
up (hoac nhan phm <Esc>) e ket thuc ng ve th ta ch tao thanh mot vat the
o hoa tren ban o. Khi ve tiep, ao Phu Quoc chang han, th ta tao ra mot vat the
o hoa th hai tren ban o,v.v...
- Lp ng giao thong c ve bao gom nhieu vat the hn, tc la nhieu ng khac
nhau, e tien li viec x ly thong tin sau nay, ta nen ve nh sau: ve cac vat the
ng nh bnh thng, nhng khi en nga 3, tc la ni tiep tuc cua hai ng
khac th ta ket thuc ng th nhat, t iem ket thuc cua ng th nhat (nga 3)
ta ve tiep ng th hai, ket thuc ng nay hoac ket thuc khi gap mot nga 3 khac,
quay lai iem nga 3 au va ve tiep ng th ba. Noi mot cach tong quat, ta ket
thuc ve vat the ng khi gap giao lo, hoac neu ta bat au ve t giao lo hng ra,
th co bao nhieu ng hng ra ta nen ve bay nhieu vat the. Ngay ca khi trong
thc te mot ng giao thong (co ten ng) khi chay qua giao lo th pha ben kia
giao lo van la ng o (cung ten) nhng ta cung nen tach no lam hai.
Sau khi ve xong cac ng giao thong, chon Map > Save cosmetic objects va at
ten cho mot lp mi, v du giao_thong.
Khi chon Map > Save Cosmetic Objects ma co mot lp khac ang m (trong
trng hp nay la lp ranh_gioi), hop thoai Save Cosmetic Objects to Layer m ra.
Neu nhan nut tha xuong ta se thay danh sach cac lp ang m (trong trng hp nay
la lp ranh_gioi). Neu ta chon ranh_gioi, th cac ng giao thong ta mi ve se b nhap
vao chung vi lp ranh_gioi. Ta phai chon <New> e lu thanh mot lp rieng. Che o
mac nh cua MapInfo khi ta chon Save Cosmetic Objects luon luon la <New>.
Lu y: tren ban o con co ng sat, ta ve luon ng nay vao lp giao_thong,
Trang 42
viec phan biet gia ng bo va ng

sat se c trnh bay trong cac chng
sau.
Cung nh trong trng hp ve ranh
gii, ta co the chon Map > Save cosmetic objects khi ang ve d dang va lu
thanh lp giao_thong. Muon ve tiep tren
Hnh III.2. Hop thoai Save

Cosmetic Objects.
lp ng giao thong ta chon Map >

Layer Control va anh dau chon vao cot
chnh sa
hang co ten giao_thong.
*Ve cac con song:

Cac con song cung la nhng vat the kieu ng nh cac ng giao thong, ta
cung chon chnh sa trong lp Cosmetic Layer va ve cac con song hoan toan tng
t nh ve ng giao thong va lu lai thanh mot lp rieng co ten la song.
* Ve ranh gii cac tnh:
e thuan tien cho viec trnh bay ban o sau nay, ta nen so hoa them mot lp na
la lp rg_tinh (lp ranh gii tnh). Lp nay c nh dang la kieu ng. Lu y khi ve
lp nay, ta khong ve phan ranh gii cac tnh co phan chung vi ranh gii chnh cua
nc ta va ng b bien. Viec nay se c giai thch sau trong Chng VIII, Trnh
bay ban o.
Cac iem can lu y khi ve ng giao thong cung c ap dung cho ve song noi
rieng cung nh cho viec ve cac vat the kieu ng noi chung.
IV.2.3. Ve cac thanh pho va th xa va cac iem dan c
Phan tch: ta thay rang tren ban o giay quet vao, cac thanh pho va th tran c
bieu th bang nhng cham (vong tron) nho, ngoai tr thu o Ha Noi c bieu th bang
mot ngoi sao. Nh vay lp thanh pho va th tran se c ve bang cong cu ve iem
(Symbol tool).
- Lai chon Map > Layer Control va anh dau chon vao cot chnh sa cua lp
Cosmetic Layer.
- Chon cong cu Symbol
tren thanh cong cu Drawing ben phai.
- Ve cac thanh pho, th tran bang cach nhap chuot vao tng thanh pho, th tran tren
ban o. Moi lan nhap chuot se tao ra mot iem tng trng cho thanh pho/th tran
tai v tr o.
- Lai lu lai lp mi nay bang lenh Map > Save Cosmetic Objects. Gia s ta at ten
lp mi nay la thanh_pho.
Ghi chu: ta nhan thay rang cac thanh pho, tnh l, th tran c bieu th bang
nhng cham khac nhau tuy thuoc vao thanh pho o ln hay nho, con trong trng
hp ta ang ve cac thanh pho eu la nhng iem co hnh ngoi sao mau en giong
nhau (kieu bieu tng mac nh cua MapInfo). e hien th cac thanh pho theo nhng
tnh chat cua chung, ta se xem xet sau trong Chng VI.
Trang 43
IV.2.4. Ve cac tnh

phan nay ta se thc hien viec tao mot lp ban o mi t mot ban o khac ong
thi chnh sa cac vat the ang ve bang nhng lenh tng tac t mot lp ban o khac
len lp ban o ang ve.
Trc tien ta se thc hien mot so viec e chuan b cho phan ve cac tnh.
Ta thay rang khi ve lp ban o ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam, cac vat the c tao
thanh la cac ng vien bao xung quanh ranh gii cac vung cua nc Viet Nam (bao
gom phan chnh tren at lien va mot so ao). Tuy nhien nc Viet Nam con la mot
vung at, tc la co dien tch, e co the bieu th tnh chat nay ta can tao ra cac vat the
kieu vung. Ta tao vat the vung t lp ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam nh sau:
1- Chon File > Save copy as. Neu ta m nhieu lp th mot hop thoai m ra cho ta
chon sao lu lai lp nao. Ta chon ranh_gioi roi chon Save As. Hop thoai Save
Copy of Table As m ra.
2 - Trong o File name, at ten cho lp mi la vietnam_vung roi chon Save. Mot ban
sao cua lp ranh_gioi c lu lai di ten vietnam_vung.
3 - Chon File > Open table va m lp mi sao lu ra.
4 - Chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chon vao cot chnh sa hang lp vietnam_vung mi m.
5 - Nhap chon cong cu chon
chon ng ranh gii tren bien va gi phm <Shift>
chon tiep ng ranh gii tren at lien.
6 - Tren menu chnh chon Objects > Combine, hop thoai Data Aggregation m ra, ta
chon OK. Nh vay ng ranh gii tren bien va tren at lien c nhap lai thanh
mot ng kn. Ta can no e tao ra vung sau nay.
7 - Chon Query > Select, hop thoai Select m ra; trong o Select Records from Table
ta chon vietnam_vung. Tat dau chon trong o
Browse Results goc di ben
trai i roi chon OK.
8 - Tren menu chnh chon Objects > Convert to Regions. Tat ca cac vat the kieu
ng trong lp vietnam_vung c chuyen thanh kieu vung (region).
9 - Chon File > Save Table, hop thoai Save Table m ra, ta chon vietnam_vung roi
chon Save.
Nh vay ta a tao ra mot lp mi t lp ranh_gioi va cac vat the kieu ng trong
lp ranh_gioi c oi thanh kieu vung trong lp vietnam_vung.
Chu y: Cac lp ang c m trong mot ca so ban o c sap xep theo th
t tren di, neu mot lp bao gom nhng vat the la cac vung nam tren th cac
vat the nhng lp khac nam di se b che khuat. e thay c nhng vat
the nam trong cac lp khac, ta phai di chuyen lp vung nay xuong di cung,
cach lam nh sau:
- Chon Map > Layer Control. Hop thoai Layer Control m ra.
- Chon lp mi c tao thanh (vietnam_vung) bang cach nhap chuot vao ten cua
lp o.
- Nhap chuot vao nut Down e di chuyen lp a chon xuong di cung, nhng
phai nam tren lp ban o anh quet a ang ky v neu khong lp nay se che mat
lp vietnam_vung.
Trang 44
Xem them ve th t cac lp trong ca so ban o trong Chng X, Kiem soat

Lp.
e thuan tien cho viec ve cac vat the trong lp tnh, ta can tat hien th cac lp
khac i, vao Map > Layer Control va tat hien th (bo chon cot co bieu tng
)
cac lp khac ong thi bat hien th cua lp anh quet len.
Ta thay rang lp ban o mi che khuat ca anh quet, nh vay se khong thay cac
ng ranh gii tnh e ve. Muon thay c cac chi tiet nay ta can chnh lp ban o
ranh gii ve khong mau (trong suot). Cach lam nh sau:
- Chon Map > Layer Control.
- Trong hop thoai Layer Control chon lp vietnam_vung roi chon nut Display; hop
thoai vietnnam_vung Display Options m ra.
- Trong phan Display Mode, anh dau chon vao o
Style Override. Nut chnh nh
dang kieu vat the (trong trng hp nay la kieu vung) luc trc m i nhng nay
c lam ro len; chon nut nay
, hop thoai Region Style m ra.
- Trong phan Fill, chon N (none tc khong mau) o Pattern roi chon OK. Ta se thay
rang cac vat the kieu vung trong lp vietnam_vung c chuyen thanh khong mau
(trong suot) nh vay ta co the thay c cac chi tiet di t ban o quet.
Luc nay ta mi bat au ve cac vung la tnh.
- Chon Map > Layer Control, chon chnh sa trong lp Cosmetic Layer.
- Chon cong cu ve vung
. Cach ve vung cung hoan toan tng t nh cach ve
ng, ch khac vung la mot ng khep kn nen khi ve gan ve iem bat au th
ng ve t ong khep kn lai va tao thanh mot vung.
- Bat au ve t tnh nao sat mep ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam. V du ta bat au ve
t tnh Lai Chau. Nhap chuot iem bat au ngoai ranh gii nc Viet Nam nhng
gan vi iem giao nhau gia ranh gii tnh Lai Chau va ranh gii nc Viet Nam.
Bat au nhap chuot e ve t ngoai vao, ve phan ng ranh gii cua tnh Lai Chau
nam trong nc Viet Nam, khi en gan iem tiep xuc th hai cua tnh Lai Chau vi
ranh gii lp Viet Nam, ta ve luon ra ngoai ranh gii lp Viet Nam, ve tiep ve iem
ket thuc nhng nam ngoai ranh gii cua nc Viet Nam (xem minh hoa tren hnh
IV.3).
- Nhap chuot chon cong cu chon
tren thanh cong cu Main va nhap chuot len
vung mi ve e chon no, chon Objects > Set Target, phan vung c chon se c
bien thanh muc tieu cho lenh x ly tiep theo va oi mau.
- Nhap chuot len vung nc Viet Nam e chon no. Vung nay c chon va oi mau.
- Chon Objects > Erase Outside, vung tnh Lai Chau se c cat i phan chm ra
ngoai ranh gii nc Viet Nam, con lai ung phan tnh Lai Chau can ve (hnh IV.4).
- Tng t nh vay ta ve tiep tnh Lao Cai nam canh tnh Lai Chau, nhng lan nay
ta ve tnh Lao Cai chm ra ngoai ranh gii Viet Nam ong thi chm len luon tnh
Trang 45
Lai Chau, ch can ve ung t hai iem tiep xuc hai mep chung vi tnh Lai Chau
va ve ung t iem chung gia ranh gii Viet Nam va tnh Lao Cai.
- Lai chon tnh Lao Cai, chon Objects > Set Target, chon nc Viet Nam, chon Objects
> Erase Outside, phan nam ngoai nc Viet Nam se b cat bo.
- Lai chon tnh Lao Cai mot lan na, chon Objects > Set Target, lan nay ta chon Tnh
Lai Chau, chon Objects > Erase, phan ve chm len tnh Lai Chau se b cat bo, con
lai phan tnh Lao Cai c ve xong.
Ta xem xet trng hp ve cuoi cung la ve tnh Sn La. Tnh nay co phan chung
vi tnh Lai Chau va Lao Cai, ong thi co ng ranh gii chung vi Viet Nam.
- Tng t nh tren, ta ve tnh Sn La chm len ca hai tnh Lai Chau va Lao Cai ong
thi ve chm ra ngoai phan ranh gii chung vi Viet Nam.
Hnh IV.3. Cach ve mot vung e s dung lenh cat vung sau nay.
Trang 46
- Chon tnh Sn La va ve xong, chon Objects > Set Target, chon nc Viet Nam,
chon Objects > Erase Outside, phan ngoai nc Viet Nam se b xoa.
- Lai chon tnh Sn La, chon Objects > Set Target, lan nay ta chon tnh Lai Chau va
gi phm <Shift> e chon luon tnh Lao Cai, chon Objects > Erase, phan chung vi
hai tnh tren se b xoa, e lai ket qua cuoi cung la tnh Sn La can ve.
S dung nhng thu thuat tren trong tng trng hp can thiet e ve cac tnh con
lai cua nc Viet Nam.
Lu ket qua lai thanh lp cac_tinh.
BA BC KHI CAT VUNG:

1. Ve vung chm ra ngoai vung
se c dung e cat.
2. Chon vung mi ve roi chon
Objects > Set Target, thiet
lap muc tieu e cat.
3. Chon vat the cat va thc
hien le nh Erase Outside
(xoa phan nam ngoai).
Hnh IV.4. Cac bc thc hien cat vung
Trang 47
Lu y: Ta khong the dung phm <Shift> e chon hai vat the hai lp khac nhau, v du
trong trng hp nay ta khong the gi <Shift> e chon va tnh Lao Cai va vung nc
Viet Nam.
Nh vay ket thuc chng nay, ta a tao c cac lp ban o sau:

cac_tinh: cac tnh cua nc ta.
giao_thong: cac ng giao thong chnh (ng nha va ng sat).
ranh_gioi: ranh gii nc Viet Nam.
song : cac con song chnh.
thanh_pho: cac thanh pho va th xa quan trong.
vietnam_vung: vung nam trong ranh gii cua nc ta.
Tuy nhien tat ca nhng lp ban o tren hien thi ch la nhng vat the o hoa tren
ban o, thc chat chung cha cha thong tin g ca, ngoai tr nhng thong tin ve a
ly t than chung co san khi c ve. Ta se xem xet cach nap d lieu cho cac lp ban
o tren trong Chng VI. Tuy nhien ta can xem xet cach chnh sa cac vat the tren
ban o sau khi ve hoac trong qua trnh ve e chnh sai so khi can thiet.
Trang 48
CHNG V.
CHNH SA VAT THE TREN BAN O
Trong qua trnh so hoa, ta co the ve sai hoac sau khi hoan thanh ban o ta muon
thc hien cac thay oi. MapInfo co mot tap hp cac lenh cho phep ta chnh sa cac
vat the tren ban o. Cac lenh nay nam trong menu Objects. Ta se lan lt xem xet
cac lenh chnh sa nay.
Khi chnh sa vat the th lp ban o cha vat the o phai c anh dau chnh sa.
Chon Map > Layer Control e vao hop thoai Layer Control va anh dau vao cot chnh
sa
lp co vat the muon chnh sa.
V.1. CHNH SA VAT THE N LE (khong lien quan en vat the khac)
Di chuyen vat the: cac vat the eu co the c di chuyen. Khi lp ban o nao ang
che o chnh sa, ta s dung cong cu chon
va nhap chuot len vat the o, gi
nut chuot trai va re chuot th ta co the di chuyen vat the o. Muon di chuyen nhieu vat
the, ta gi phm <Shift> e co the nhap chuot chon nhieu vat the mot luc. Gi nut chuot
trai tren mot trong nhng vat the c chon va re chuot th cac vat the c chon eu
c di chuyen. Lu y rang ra khong the chon ong thi hai hay nhieu vat the cac
lp khac nhau.
V.1.1. iem
Vat the iem khong co hnh dang, kch thc ma ch co v tr nen ch co mot chnh
sa la thay oi v tr bang cach di chuyen nh a trnh bay trong phan tren.
V.1.2. ng va vung
V.1.2.1. Chnh hnh dang cua ng va vung
ng co chieu dai va hnh dang nen ta co the thay oi hnh dang cua ng. e
thay oi hnh dang cua mot ng, s dung cong cu chon e chon ng o. Ta thay
ng o c chon bang cach b anh dau, ong thi co bon hnh vuong mau en
nam xung quanh gii han ranh gii cua ng o. Gi nut chuot trai tren mot trong 4
nut hnh vuong mau en nay va re chuot th ta co the lam thay oi hnh dang cua
ng (co gian ng).
Trang 49
Hnh dang ng co the c ieu chnh chi tiet bang nut chnh sa hnh dang
(Reshape). Cach lam:
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chnh sa vao lp ta muon thay
oi.
- Dung cong cu chon e nhap chuot chon mot ng tren ca so ban o.
- Nhap chuot len nut Reshape
. Cac not cua ng ang c chon hien len.
- Nhap nut chuot trai len mot not va re chuot ta co the di chuyen v tr not o va do
vay thay oi hnh dang cua ng. e chon nhieu not ta cung gi phm <Shift> va
cung co the di chuyen nhieu not mot luc. Ta co the s dung nut cong cu them not
(Add Node) e them mot not bang cach nhap chuot chon nay roi nhap chuot
len v tr muon them not tren ng ang c chnh sa. Ta co the xoa mot not
bang cach nhap chuot chon not o roi nhan phm <Delete> hay <Del> e xoa not
o (hnh V.1).
Hnh V.1. Di chuyen mot not (1a-1b) va nhieu not (2a-2b) tren vat the
kieu ng e chnh sa hnh dang cua no
Vung c gii han bang mot ng gap khuc nen ta cung co the ieu chnh hnh
dang cua vung hoan toan giong nh cach ieu chnh ng.
Trang 50
V.1.2.2. Chnh trong tam cua vung

Vat the kieu vung con co mot tnh chat na
la trong tam (Centroid) cua vung o. ay la yeu
to cung can c quan tam khi thc hien lenh
dan nhan t ong hay ma a hoa (xem trong
Chng XIII va Chng XVI). Khi dan nhan t
ong hay chay ma a hoa tren mot lp kieu
vung, nhan hay iem c tao thanh se c
at tai trong tam cua cac vung. Trong tam cua
vung la tam cua hnh ch nhat nho nhat bao
quanh vung o (hnh V.2). Neu vat the kieu
Hnh V.2. Trong tam cua mot vung.
vung co hnh dang dai, dep hay meo mo nhieu
th trong tam vung o nhieu khi nam lech i kha
nhieu va khi dan nhan th nhan se nam lech khoi vung o. che o mac nh, ta
khong nhn thay trong tam cua mot vung. Tuy vay ta co the ieu chnh trong tam cac
vung bang cach bat hien th trong tam vung len. Cach lam nh sau:
- M lp co cha lp vat the kieu vung can chnh sa hoac kch hoat ca so ban o
co cha lp o.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control e vao hop thoai Layer Control.
- anh dau chnh sa
vao lp can chnh sa.
- Nhap chuot chon lp o roi chon Display. Hop thoai Display Options m ra.
- anh dau chon vao tuy chon
Show Centroids di cung roi chon OK.
- Chon OK lan na e ong hop thoai Layer Control.

Ta se thay moi vung co mot cham xanh khoang gia cua vung o. Nh a noi,
trong tam co the b lech neu vat the co dang dai va goc canh nhieu. e chnh trong
tam cua vat the ta lam nh sau:
- Nhap chuot chon nut cong cu chon
tren thanh cong cu Main roi nhap chuot
chon vat the can chnh trong tam.
- Nhap chuot chon nut chnh sa hnh dang
(Reshape) tren thanh cong cu
Drawing. Cac not cua vat the vung o hien len, trong tam cua vat the cung c
anh dau.
- Gi phm chuot trai ngay tren trong tam cua vat the va re chuot e keo trong tam
vat the en v tr mong muon.
- Nhap chuot vao bieu tng lu bang
tren thanh cong cu Standard hay nhan
to hp phm <Ctrl>+<S> e lu lai thay oi hoac chon Save Table t menu File.
Ghi chu: Ta ch nen bat trong tam cua mot lp kieu vung len khi chnh sa.
V.1.3. Ky t
Khi nhap chuot lenh chon mot vat the kieu ky t, no se c anh dau bang bon
iem khong che mau en cung vi mot tay cam. Khi gi phm chuot trai tren vat the
Trang 51
ky t va re chuot th ta co the di chuyen no. Khi gi phm chuot trai tren tay cam th ta
co the quay vat the ky t. Neu muon chnh sa noi dung vat the ky t, ta nhap chuot
up vao vat the ky t e m hop thoai Text Object ra va chnh sa noi dung cua vat
the o trong o Text. Lu y la tieng Viet khong hien th ung trong o Text nay. Xem chi
tiet chnh sa vat the kieu ky t phan sau cua chng nay.
V.2. CHNH SA VAT THE LIEN QUAN EN CAC VAT THE KHAC
Ta se xem xet cac chnh sa co lien quan en nhng vat the khac. Nhng lenh
nay nam trong menu Objects.
V.2.1. Combine
La lenh nhap hai hay nhieu vat the thanh mot. Cac vat the c nhap lai vi nhau
phai nam trong cung mot lp. Lenh nay khong co tac dung tren iem. Cach lam:
- Chon Map > Layer Control va anh dau chnh sa cho lp muon thay oi.
- Chon cong cu chon roi gi phm <Shift> e chon hai hay nhieu vat the.
- Chon Objects > Combine.
- Hop thoai Data Aggregation (nhap d lieu) m ra. Hop thoai nay hoi ta khi nhap vat
the o hoa th d lieu c gop lai nh the nao. Tuy theo tng trng hp ma ta
chon phng phap nhap d lieu nao cho thch hp oi vi tng trng d lieu. Ta
cung co the anh dau chon vao No data e nhap vat the va cac trng cua vat the
mi c tao thanh khong co d lieu g ca. Xem chi tiet trong Chng XVII, muc
XVII.3.3.
Trong qua trnh so hoa, ta co the s dung lenh nay e noi mot ng dai nhng b
t. Gia s ta ve mot ng dai nhng do nhap chuot nhanh qua, ng b ket thuc
sm. Ta lai nhap chuot ve tiep phan con lai. Ve xong chon hai ng va chon lenh
Combine e nhap chung lai. Trc khi nhap hai ng lai, ta can noi chung lai vi
nhau trc. Chon mot trong hai vat the can noi, chon nut chnh sa hnh dang
chnh ng. Nhan phm <S> tren ban phm e khi ong tnh nang SNAP (can
iem). Chon not can noi (not cuoi hay not au) cua ng can noi va re chuot lai gan
not cuoi cung cua ng kia. Khi not o c di chuyen en gan noi cuoi cua ng
kia, no t ong gan vao not o. Sau o ta mi thc hien lenh Combine. Lenh nay
cung c s dung e gop cac vung vi nhau. V du ta gop ao Phu Quoc va cac ao
nho vi phan at lien cua tnh Kien Giang tren at lien e tao thanh mot n v hanh
chnh la tnh Kien Giang.
Lenh Combine ch co tac dung tren hai hay nhieu vat the cung kieu. Ta ch co the
nhap ng vi ng hay nhap vung vi vung. Lenh Combine khong bat buoc phai
thiet lap muc tieu (Set Target). Tuy nhien neu ta chon mot vat the la muc tieu th cac
gia tr trong cac trng cua vat the muc tieu se c lay mac nh la cua vat the mi.
Xem chi tiet trong Chng XVII, muc XVII.3.3.
Trang 52
V.2.2. Cac lenh Split, Erase va Erase Outside

* Lenh Split: cat mot hay nhieu vat the thanh hai hay nhieu vat the bang vat the cat.
Khi thc hien lenh nay, (cac) muc tieu se b cat ra lam hai phan: phan chung vi vat
the cat va phan khong chung vi vat the cat (hnh V.3).
Cach thc hien lenh Split nh sau:
- Chon (cac) vat the can cat.
- Objects > Set Target; thiet lap (cac) vat the chon thanh muc tieu.
- Chon (cac) vat the cat.
- Thc hien lenh Objects > Split.
- Hop thoai Data Disaggregation (tach d lieu) hien th, hoi ta chon cat d lieu nh the
nao; chon phng phap chia d lieu phu hp roi chon OK. (Cac) muc tieu se b
cat ra. Ta co the the dung nhieu vung e cat mot vung/ng, dung mot vung e
Hnh V.3. Dung mot vung cat mot ng (a1-a2) va dung mot
vung cat mot vung (b1-b2).
Trang 53
cat nhieu vung/ng hay nhieu vung e cat nhieu vung/ng. Lu y rang oi vi
mot ban o mi so hoa, cha co thong tin th viec chon phng phap chia d lieu
khong quan trong. Tuy nhien oi vi mot ban o a nap d lieu th ay la van e
kha quan trong. Muc nay se c xem xet chi tiet hn trong Chng XVII, muc
XVII.3.3.2.
* Lenh Erase (Xoa): lenh xoa vat the tng t lenh Split, nhng phan chung vi (cac)
vat the cat se b xoa i.
* Lenh Erase Outside (Xoa phan khong chung): tng t nh lenh Split nhng phan
khong chung vi (cac) vat the cat b xoa i.
Trong cac lenh tren vat the cat ch co the la vung, muc tieu (vat the b cat) co the
la ng hay vung. Vat the iem khong chu tac ong cua lenh nay.
V.2.3. Lenh Overlay Nodes (chong iem)
Lenh chong iem tao them (cac) not tai v tr vat the cat chay qua vat the muc tieu.
Not c tao thanh nam tren muc tieu. Ta muon tao them not tren vat the nao, th vat
the o c thiet lap la muc tieu, vat the kia la vat the cat (hnh V.5). Cach thc hien:
thiet lap muc tieu cho (cac) vat the can tao not, chon cac vat the giao vi (cac) muc
tieu roi chon Objects > Overlay Nodes.
V.2.4. Lenh Buffer (tao vung em)
Lenh tao vung em
thc chat khong phai la
lenh chnh sa vat the ma
no la lenh tao ra mot vat
the mi da vao vat the
a co. Lenh Buffer tao mot
vung em xung quanh vat
the c chon vi ban
knh vung em do ta xac
nh (hnh V.4). Cach lam:
- Chon vat the can tao
vung em, dung phm
<Shift> e chon nhieu
vat the neu muon
- Chon Objects > Buffer,
ho p
thoai
Buffer
Objects m ra.
- Xac nh ban knh vung
em trong o Value
phan Radius. Gia tr
nay co the lay t mot
cot d lieu tren lp ban
o o, neu co.
Hnh V.4. Tao vung em cho mot vat the, 1a-1b: tao
vung em cho mot ng; 2a-2b: tao vung em
cho mot iem; 3a-3b: tao vung em cho mot vung.
Trang 54
Hnh V.5. Cach s dung lenh Overlay Nodes

1a-1b: anh dau iem chung cua mot ng vi mot ng khac bang not.
2a-2b: anh dau iem chung cua mot ng vi mot vung (trong v du nay co hai
iem chung nen tao ra hai not).
3a-3b: anh dau iem chung cua mot vung vi mot vung (tao ra hai not trong v
du tren)
Trang 55
- Chon n v tnh ban knh trong o Units.

- Co the tao mot vung em cho tat ca cac vat the c chon neu anh dau One buffer
for all objects hay tao moi vung em cho mot vat the c chon neu anh dau One
buffer for each object.
- Xac nh o mn cua vung em c ve trong o Smoothness; o mn nay can c
tren hnh tron, gia tr mac nh la ve vong tron bang 12 oan.
(Cac) vung em c tao ra tren lp nao ang che o chnh sa. Thong thng
ngi ta e vung em tao thanh trong lp Cosmetic (anh dau chnh sa vao lp
Cosmetic trc khi thc hien lenh nay) roi sau o mi quyet nh co lu chung lai trong
mot lp nao o hay khong.
Phan Buffer Width Distance using xac nh viec tnh khoang cach theo he quy
chieu nao. Neu ban o s dung he quy chieu la kinh/v o th phng phap tnh khoang
cach mac nhien la Spherical (tnh theo mat cong cua qua at). Neu ban o s dung
he quy chieu phi qua at (Non-Earth) th phng phap tnh khoang cach se s dung
he toa o Descartes.
V.2.5. Lenh Convex Hull
Lenh nay tao ra mot vung bao xung quanh mot hay nhieu vat the. Vung tao thanh
luon luon la mot a giac loi co ngha la goc trong cua a giac o luon luon nho hn
hay bang 180o. Nhng not nam lot vao gia se b vung tao thanh bao quanh. Lenh nay
can t nhat ba iem khong thang hang e co the tao ra vung Convex Hull. Lenh nay
tng t nh viec ta cang mot day cao su chay vong quanh cac coc, nhng coc nam
trong se khong cham day cao su (hnh V.7).
V.2.6. Lenh Enclose
Lenh nay (tam dch la khep
vung) tao ra mot hay nhieu
vung t cac ng cat nhau.
Lenh nay ch co tac dung khi
cac ng cat nhau tao ra mot
vung kn. Cach lam: Chon cac
ng cat nhau khep kn roi
chon Objects > Enclose. Cac
ng c s dung e tao
thanh vung trong lenh nay van
c gi nguyen (hnh V.6).
Hnh V.6. Lenh Enclose - Tao mot hay nhieu

vung vung t cac ng cat nhau.
V.2.7. Lenh Check Regions

ay la mot lenh rat hieu qua trong viec kiem tra loi cua cac vung. Lenh nay se
anh dau nhng vung chm len nhau bang cach ve mot vung len vung chung o.
ong thi no cung anh dau nhng vung b xoan, tc la vung t cat no, bang cach
cham mot iem len iem cat (hnh V.8).
Cach thc hien lenh kiem tra vung nh sau:
Trang 56
Hnh V.7. Mot so v du cua lenh Convex Hull

1a-1b: tao ra mot vung t mot ng
2a-2b: tao ra mot vung t mot vung
3a-3b: tao ra mot vung t hai ng
3a-3c: tao ra hai vung t hai ng
4a-4b: tao ra mot vung t 3 kieu vat the
4a-4c: tao ra hai vung t 3 kieu vat the, vat the iem khong tao ra vung
5a-5b: tao ra mot vung t 6 iem.
Trong v du nay, cac vung tao thanh la vung cham cham, nhng cho co gach
cheo van co vung o nhng b che khuat bi vung gach cheo.
Trang 57
+ Chon cac vung muon kiem tra loi.

+ Chon Objects > Check Regions; menu Check Region Objects m ra.
+ Tuy chon mac nh la Self-Intersection Detection (phat hien vung t cat nhau). Ta
co the chon them Overlap Detection (phat hien vung chong len nhau). Co the chon
kieu anh dau iem cat hay kieu vung anh dau neu muon.
Hnh V.8. Mot so v du anh dau loi vung khi so hoa

1a-1b: cho hai vung chm len nhau c anh dau bang vung mau vang.
2a-2b: vung xoan (dang so 8) c anh dau bang mot bieu tng kim ghut mau o.
3a-3b: vung t cat hai cho c anh dau bang hai bieu tng kim ghut mau o.
+ Chon OK.
V.2.8. Lenh Smooth va Unsmooth
Lenh nay bo tron vat the ng bang cach ve lai ng o thanh mot ng cong
tiep tuyen vi goc nho gia hai oan cua ng (hnh V.9). Vi du nh khi ta ve mot
con song bang lenh ve ng gap khuc (polyline), muon cho con song uon eo t
nhien hn th ta dung lenh nay. Cach lam: chon ng can bo tron, chon Objects >
Smooth. Lenh Unsmooth la lenh ngc lai, tra ng c bo tron ve tnh trang ban
au. Cach lam: chon vat the a c Smooth roi chon Objects > Unsmooth. Lenh nay
Trang 58
Hnh V.9. Lenh Smooth va Unsmooth.

ch thay oi hnh dang cua vat the ng, cac phep toan a ly van can c tren vat the
goc (khong Smooth).
V.2.9. Lenh Convert to Regions va Convert to Polylines
Convert to Regions (oi thanh vung) la lenh oi mot ng thanh mot vung. Cach
lam: chon ng can oi, chon Objects > Convert to Regions. Khi oi ng thanh
vung, e y en ng xoan v no se tao thanh vung b loi (dang so 8).
Convert to Polylines (oi thanh ng) la lenh ngc lai, oi mot vung thanh mot
ng. ng tao thanh la ng ranh gii bao xung quanh vung c chon. Cach
Hnh V.10. Cac v du cua lenh Convert to Region va Convert to Polyline.
Trang 59
lam: chon vung can oi, chon Objects > Convert to Polylines. Lu y rang lenh nay
khong phai luc nao cung ao ngc lai c (hnh V.10).
V.3. NH DANG KIEU VAT THE
Nh a trnh bay, ban o trong MapInfo co bon kieu vat the la iem, ng, vung
va vat the ky t. Ta se xem xet cach nh dang tng loai vat the.
Cung giong nh chnh sa vat the, muon nh dang kieu cua mot vat the nao o
th lp ban o cha vat the o phai c anh dau la chnh sa. e chon che o chnh
sa cho mot lp ban o, t menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control, hop thoai Layer
Control m ra, anh dau vao cot chnh sa cho lp muon chnh sa.
V.3.1. Vat the kieu iem
Vat the iem trong MapInfo mac nh la ngoi sao mau en, c 12. Muon oi kieu
cua iem, cach lam nh sau:
- Dung cong cu chon e chon vat the iem o, gi phm <Shift> e chon nhieu vat
the mot luc, roi t menu chnh chon Options > Symbol Style hay chon nhanh bang
cach nhap chuot chon nut nh dang bieu tng
tren thanh cong cu Drawing.
Hop thoai Symbol Style m ra (hnh V.11). Hop thoai nay gom cac noi dung sau:
- O Font: chon bieu tng. MapInfo co 11 bo kieu bieu tng cho phep ta chon, ten
cac bo bieu tng cua MapInfo bat au bang ch MapInfo. Ngoai ra trong danh
Hnh V.11. Hop thoai Symbol Style - nh dang kieu iem.
Trang 60
sach tha xuong cung co cac bo bieu tng mac nh khac cua he ieu hanh hoac
cua phan mem khac c cai vao he ieu hanh. Chi tiet cac bo bieu tng cua
MapInfo co trong phan Phu Luc.
- Ben phai o Font la o chnh kch thc bieu tng. Gia tr trong o nay la t 9 en 48
point, tuy nhien ta co the go gia tr nho hn 9.
- O Symbol: khi chon bo bieu tng trong o Font xong th tng ng trong o Symbol
se hien th danh sach cac kieu bieu tng co trong bo o trong danh sach tha
xuong. Bieu tng hien th trong o nay luc ta m hop thoai ra la bieu tng hien tai
cua vat the iem ang c chon. Trong moi bo bieu tng th cai au tien bao gi
cung la ch N (tc none). Neu ta chon bieu tng la N th bieu tng se tr nen vo
hnh (khong mau).
- O Color: chon mau cho bieu tng trong danh sach tha xuong.
- Rotation Angle: quay bieu tng theo gia tr nap vao o nay (tnh theo o - deg). Goc
quay theo chieu dng la ngc chieu kim ong ho, muon quay xuoi chieu kim
ong ho, ta go dau tr trc gia tr o.
- Background: co 3 tuy chon la None, khong co nen cho bieu tng; Halo, quanh bieu
tng co vien trang va Border, tao ng vien en quanh bieu tng
- Effects: co 2 tuy chon la Drop Shadow, tao bong o cho bieu tng va Bold, bieu
tng co mau am hn.
- O Sample goc tren ben phai cho phep ta xem trc bieu tng khi ieu chnh.
- Sau khi chon cac nh dang trong hop thoai tren, chon OK, (cac) bieu tng c
chon se thay oi.
V.3.2. Vat the kieu ng
Cach thc hien chnh kieu cho ng nh sau:
- Chon mot hay nhieu vat the kieu ng.
- T menu chnh chon Options > Line Style hay chon nhanh bang cach nhap chuot
len nut Line Style
tren thanh
cong cu Drawing. Hop thoai Line

Style m ra (hnh V.12).
- O Style cho phep ta chon cac kieu
ng khac nhau. Chi tiet cac
kieu ng cua MapInfo co trong
phan Phu Luc. Kieu au tien la
N la kieu ng khong mau. Khi
chon N th phan Color t ong m
i.
- O Color cho phep chon mau cua
vat the kieu ng.
- O Width cho phep quy nh o
Hnh V.12. Hop thoai Line Style nh dang kieu ng.
Trang 61
day cua ng. Co hai cach tnh trong phan nay. Tuy chon Pixels tnh o day ng
theo iem anh, gia tr la t 1 en 7; tuy chon Points tnh o day ng theo point,
gia tr t 0.2 en 6. Xem mau o day ng trong phan Phu Luc. o day cua
ng co the hien th khong ung tren man hnh do o phan giai cua man hnh
nhng ban in ra bao gi cung ung vi gia tr con so ta nap.
- O Sample cho xem mau ng khi ieu chnh.
V.3.3. Vat the kieu Vung
Phng phap chnh kieu vung
cung tng t. Khi chon (cac) vat the
kieu vung roi t menu chnh chon
Options > Region Style hay chon
nhanh t nut Region Style Button
tren thanh cong cu Drawing th hop
thoai Region Style m ra (hnh V.13).
Hop thoai nay gom cac noi dung sau:
- Phan Fill: to mau cho vung, ta co:
+ Pattern: chon kieu to mau trong
danh sach tha xuong, N la
khong mau. Neu chon N th
phan Foreground t ong m i.
+ Foreground: chon mau e to.
+ Background: mac nh tuy chon
nay tat i (tc khong hien mau
nen di). anh dau o nay
cho phep nh dang mau nen
cho vat the vung. Neu c bat
len th tuy chon mac nh trong
o nay la N (khong mau).
- Phan Border: nh dang ng vien
cho vat the vung, phan nay hoan
toan giong phan nh dang vat the
kieu ng.
Hnh V.13. Hop thoai Region Style nh dang vung.
- Phan Sample cho phep xem trc nh dang khi ieu chnh.
V.3.4. Vat the kieu ky t
Nh ta biet, MapInfo cho phep go ch trc tiep len ca so ban o bang nut lenh
Text Button
tren thanh cong cu Drawing. Ch tren ca so ban o trong MapInfo
c coi nh vat the. So ky t toi a cho mot vat the kieu ky t la 256.
Trang 62
Khi chon vat the kieu ky t, co mot khung bao quanh ch c chon va co cac
iem khong che va mot tay cam. Ta co the gi phm chuot trai tren tay cam nay e
quay ch.
e nh dang vat the kieu ky t chon vat the o roi t menu chnh chon Options >
Hnh V.14. Hop thoai Text Style - nh dang kieu ky t va cac hieu ng cho ky t.
Text Style. Hop thoai Text Style m ra (hnh V.14). No co cac noi dung sau:
- O Font: chon kieu ch, ben canh la o cho phep chon c ch.
- Text Color: chon mau cua ch.
- Background: chon mau nen cho vat the ky t, None la khong mau;
Halo la ve mot vien trang xung quanh vat the ky t; Box la ve mot
khung ch nhat quanh ch. Tuy chon Halo va Box cho phep chon
mau nen trong o Color pha di.
- Effects: cho phep ta nh dang cac hieu ng khac nhau cho vat the
iem: Bold (ch am), Underline (gach di), Shadow (o bong), Italic
(ch nghieng), All Caps (viet hoa toan bo) va Expanded (keo dan ch
ra). Chon hieu ng bang cach nhap chuot anh dau o can thiet. Co
the anh dau nhieu tuy chon cung mot luc.
Phan tren ay ch trnh bay nh dang kieu ch cho vat the ky t. Neu ta chon vat
the ky t roi t menu chnh chon Edit > Get Info, hay chon nhanh bang cach nhap
chuot up len vat the ky t, th mot hop thoai khac se m ra, o la hop thoai Text Object
(hnh V.13). Hop thoai nay co nhieu tuy chon khac e chnh sa vat the ky t. Ta se
xem xet cac phan o.
- O Text hien th noi dung cua vat the ky t ang c chon. Ta co the xoa va chnh
lai noi dung trong o nay.
Trang 63
- Nut Style
cho phep ta vao hop thoai Text Style hnh V.15 e chnh kieu ch.
- Hai o Start X va Y cho biet toa o cua ky t au tien cua vat the ky t. Neu ta thay
oi gia tr trong hai o nay th vat the ky t se di chuyen v tr tren ban o.
- Line Spacing cho phep chnh kieu dong cua vat the ky t, Single la dong n (tuy
chon mac nh), 1.5 la che o mot dong ri va Double la che o cach dong oi.
Hnh V.15. Hop thoai Text Object.

- Phan Justification co 3 tuy chon la Left - can le ben trai, Center - can le chnh gia
va Right - can le ben phai. Chu y la che o can le nay tnh theo khung ch nhat gii
han kch thc cua vat the ky t o.
- Phan Label Line: co 3 tuy chon la No Line - khong co ng ch; Simple Line - ng
ch n va Arrow Line - ng ch co mui ten. Neu ta chon mot trong hai tuy chon
sau th se co mot ng ch chay en ngay chnh gia cua vat the ky t. Khi di
chuyen vat the ky t se co mot ng n (Simple Line) hay mui ten (Arrow Line)
ch ve v tr ban au cua vat the ky t o. V tr o c anh dau bang mot iem
khong che, ta cung co the di chuyen iem nay. Neu chon Simple Line va Arrow Line
th nut Style ben canh hien ra cho phep chon kieu ng ch.
- Rotation Angle: quay vat the ky t bang cach nap gia tr o vao o nay. Chieu quay
la ngc chieu kim ong ho.
Trang 64
CHNG VI.
NAP D LIEU VAO BAN O SO
Chng nay trnh bay phan nap d lieu cho mot so lp, ngi oc co the t nap
d lieu theo y muon cho cac lp khac.
VI.1. NAP D LIEU
VI.1.1. Lp giao_thong
M lp giao_thong va anh quet bd_hcvn a ang ky ra.
Trong lp nay ta a ve hai kieu ng, ng nha va ng sat.
- T menu chnh chon Window > New Browser Window, ca so d lieu cua lp giao
thong c hien th (hnh VI.1). Neu ta m nhieu lp ban o cung luc th se co mot
hop thoai nho m ra cho phep ta chon m d lieu cua lp ban o nao.
goc di ben trai cua ca so chnh cua MapInfo, ta thay hien dong ch, v du
records 1-10 of 60, tc la tren ca so Browser ang m co 10 hang au tien (t hang
1 en hang 10) trong tong so 60 hang. Moi hang nay tng ng vi mot vat the c
ve tren ca so ban o. Khi ta thay oi ca so Browser hoac dung thanh trt ng e
di chuyen cac hang len xuong th hai con so au se thay oi tng ng theo so hang
va so th t cac hang c hien th tren ca so Browser.
Ta thay rang d lieu cua lp giao_thong ch co mot trng la ID. ay la trng c
tao ra t ong khi ta so hoa ban o, tat ca cac hang trong trng nay eu co gia tr
mac nh la 0 (trng nay c nh dang mac nh la Integer - so nguyen).
Tiep theo ta can phan tch xem can nap nhng d lieu g cho lp giao_thong. Trong
trng hp nay gia s ta ch can phan biet ng nha va ng sat, vay th ta se tao
them mot trng mi co ten la thuoc_tinh (thuoc tnh cua cac ng).
e tao them trng mi, ta thc hien nh sau:
- Chon Table > Maintenance > Table Structure (tng t nh tren, neu m nhieu lp
ong thi th se co mot hop thoai nho m ra cho phep ta chon ten lp can thao tac),
hop thoai Modify Table Structure m ra (hnh VI.2).
- Chon nut Add field (them trng mi), mot trng mi c tao thanh va c
MapInfo t ong at ten cho no la Field2 trong o Name. Ta oi ten trng nay thanh
thuoc_tinh. Lu y rang ten trng khong c co khoang trang (tc khong c
cach ch va ten trng khong hien th c tieng Viet c nen phai bo dau i).
Trang 65
- Khai bao kieu cua trng trong o Type, trong trng hp nay ta d nh se go cac
ch trong trng mi la ng nha va ng sat, nh vay ay la trng kieu
ky t, vay trong Type ta chon la Character. Khi chon xong pha di o Type xuat
hien them mot o na la Width, o nay cho phep tac xac nh so ky t toi a c go
vao trng mi tao. Gia tr trong o Width la so ky t cua ch dai nhat d nh go
vao. Ta nap vao o Width la 16.
Hnh VI.1. Ban o c so hoa, ca so Browser cua no cung anh quet

ma t o ban o c so hoa m ra cung mot luc
Lu y rang trong trng hp go tieng Viet th cac dau cung c tnh la ky t,
ong thi khoang trang (dau cach) cung c tnh la mot ky t. V the ta phai
tnh so ky t cua ch dai nhat e nap gia tr vao o Width cho ung.
Chu y: can xac nh so ky t toi a cho ung, khong thieu cung khong tha, v neu
thieu th khi nap d lieu nhng ky t qua so lng quy nh trong o Width se b cat
bo, con neu tha th se lam cho kch thc tap tin ln mot cach khong can thiet.
ieu nay ung cho ca viec xac nh kch thc cua mot so trng khac. Xem chi
tiet nh dang trng va cac kieu trng trong Chng IX.
- Lam xong chon OK. Ta thay rang lp giao_thong b bien mat tren ca so ban o,
ca so Browser cung c tat i.
Trang 66
ay la mot ac tnh cua MapInfo, khi thc hien nhng thay oi tren cau truc
bang d lieu cua mot lp ban o trong hop thoai Modify Table Structure th lp
o t ong c tat i (nhng khong phai ong lai).
Hnh VI.2. Hop thoai Modify Table Structure cho phep

thay oi cau truc bang MapInfo
- e hien th lai ban o ng giao thong, ta vao Map > Layer Control. Chon nut Add,
hop thoai Add Layer m ra, ta chon giao_thong roi chon Add.
- Nap d lieu: co nhieu cach e nap d lieu, moi cach co u nhc iem rieng. Phan
di ay trnh bay 3 cach nap d lieu.
VI.1.1.1. Nap d lieu qua ca so Browser
- Chon Map > New Browser Window, ca so Browser cua lp giao_thong c m ra.
Luc nay ta thay rang trng thuoc_tinh a c tao them.
- Chon Window > Tile Window, hai ca so ban o va Browser eu c hien th, ieu
chnh kch thc hai ca so nay sao cho chung hien th c khoang khong gian to
nhat tren man hnh MapInfo e de thao tac. Ta cung co the ieu chnh chieu rong
cua cac trng theo y muon.
- Nhap chuot vao mot vat the (mot ng) tren ca so ban o e chon no th ta thay
rang mot hang ben ca so Browser cung c chon tng ng (o vuong ben trai
c to en), neu ta khong thay hang c chon (v no nam ngoai vung nhn thay)
th ta co the lam cho no hien ra bang lenh Query > Find Selection. V du ta chon
tuyen ng sat dai nhat la tuyen ng sat t Bac vao Nam, hang tng ng trong
ca so Browser c chon, trong cot thuoc_tinh tai hang c chon, ta go vao ch
ng sat (hnh VI.3.).
Trang 67
Ch ng sat c hien th khong ung tieng Viet. Muon hien th ung tieng
Viet, ta kch hoat ca so Browser roi chon nut nh dang kieu ch. Chnh kieu ch ve
VNI-Helve chang han trong o Font. Luc nay tieng Viet se hien th ung.
Hnh VI.3. Nap d lieu cho vat the o hoa qua ca so Browser.
Nh vay ta a nap xong thuoc tnh cho mot vat the.
Tng t nh vay lan lt chon cac vat the (cac ng) tren ca so ban o va nap
thuoc tnh cua no vao ca so Browser. Khi lam xong, nh lu lai (nhan to hp phm
<Ctrl>+<S> hay File > Save).
Cach nhap d lieu nh tren co iem thuan tien la kho nham lan nhng lai cham,
nh trong lp ng giao thong cua v du nay, ta co vai chuc vat the (kieu ng) co
chung mot thuoc tnh la ng nha, nh vay c moi lan chon mot vat the co thuoc
tnh la ng nha ta lai phai go lai (mac du ta co the dung lenh Copy (<Ctrl>+<C>)
e sao ch va go roi dan (<Ctrl>+<V>) sang hang khac nhng du sao cung van
cham.
VI.1.1.2. Nap d lieu bang lenh Update Column (Cap nhat cot)
Trang 68
Cach nap d lieu bang phng phap nay nh sau:

Chon cong cu chon (hnh mui ten en tren thanh cong cu Main)
Chon ng th nhat, gi <Shift> e chon them cac ng khac co cung tnh chat
ma ta nh nap, v du ng sat.
Vao Table > Update Column (cap nhat cot), hop thoai Update Column hien ra.
Trong Table to Update, chon Selection (can can than trong phan chon nay v neu
nham co the lam thay oi cac d lieu khac)
- Trong Column to Update, chon thuoc_tinh (ten cot can cap nhat)
- Trong o Value (gia tr can cap nhat), ta go vao ch ng sat, ch nay phai c
at trong ngoac kep (hnh VI.4.).
Lu y rang MapInfo cung khong the hien th tieng Viet ung trong cac hop thoai
nhng no hien th ung trong ca so Browser va khi trnh bay ban o, v the ta
phai go cho that ung chnh ta.
- Ta co the chon hay bo chon trong o Browse Results, neu ta chon o nay roi chon OK
th MapInfo se m ra mot ca so d lieu na, ca so nay ch gom co nhng vat
the ma ta a chon tren, va trong cot thuoc_tinh cua cac vat the a chon c nap
ch ng sat. Lu y rang neu anh dau chon vao o Browse Results th ca so
mi m ra c MapInfo t ong at ten la Query1 Browser. Neu ta bo chon trong
Hnh VI.4. Nhap lieu bang lenh Update Column (cap nhat cot).
o Browse Results th hai vat the tren cung van c nap thuoc tnh vao cot
thuoc_tinh tren bang d lieu chnh. Ta co the ong ca so Query1 Browser lai bang
lenh File > Close table, menu Close table m ra, chon Query1 roi chon Close.
- Tng t nh vay, ta chon tat ca cac vat the ng la ng nha (gi phm <Shift>
e chon nhieu vat the cung luc) roi chon Table > Update Column, trong Table to
Update, ta chon Selection, trong Column to Update ta chon thuoc_tinh, trong Value,
ta go ch ng nha (trong ngoac kep).
Tng t ta chon cung mot luc tat ca cac vat the nao la ng sat va dung lenh
Trang 69
Cap nhat cot e nap thuoc tnh vao cho chung.

Khi lam xong nh lu lai nhng thay oi tren bang lenh File > Save Table.
Luc nay ta co the tat ca so giao_thong Browse i.
VI.1.1.3. Nap d lieu bang Info Tool
Nut Info Tool Button
tren thanh cong cu Main. ay la mot nut lenh e xem
thong tin cua tng vat the, tuy vay ta co the li dung tnh chat nay e nap d lieu.
Cach s dung cong cu nay e nap thong tin nh sau:
- Chon nut Info.
- Di chuyen con tro chuot ve ca so ban o, con tro chuot bien thanh hnh dau cong.
- Nhap chuot len mot vat the ng, mot ca so nho m ra hien th thong tin cua vat
the o (hnh VI.5). V du trong trng hp nay ta nhap chuot len mot vat the la
ng sat th ca so Info Tool hien ra gom hai hang, hang th nhat la hang ID va
hang th hai la hang thuoc_tinh. Hang ID, nh a trnh bay ban au, la hang mac
nh va co gia tr la 0.
- Hang thuoc_tinh khong co gia tr g ca. Nhn tren ban o quet e xem o la loai
ng nao, v du neu o la ng sat th ta co the go ch ng sat vao hang
nay.
Khi nap gia tr la ch (kieu ky t) trong ca so Info Tool ta khong can go gia tr
trong ngoac kep, va cung nh trong tat ca cac hop thoai cua MapInfo, tieng Viet
khong hien th ung.
- Khi nhap chuot sang chon mot vat the
khac, ca so Info van gi nguyen,
nhng cac hang trong o hien th gia
tr cua vat the mi c chon. Ta lai
nap gia tr thch hp cho vat the vao.
Tuan t nh vay cho en het.
* Nhan xet: trong 3 cach nap d lieu nh
tren th ta thay rang neu ta nap d
lieu cho nhieu vat the co cung mot
Hnh VI.5. Hop thoai Info Tool
tnh chat (hay mot gia tr) th s
dung lenh Update column la nhanh
chong va chnh xac nhat. Tuy nhien,
nh ta se thay trong phan tiep theo, neu cac gia tr cua moi vat the tren lp ban
o eu khac nhau th ta phai dung cach 1 (nap vao Browser) hay cach 3 (dung
Info Tool). Trong trng hp nay, co mot cach tiet kiem thi gian hn na la nap
d lieu ngay trong qua trnh so hoa ban o. Ta se thao luan phan nay sau.
VI.1.2. Nap d lieu cho lp thanh_pho
Dung lenh File > Close all e ong tat ca cac lp ang m (neu co), neu co lp
nao cha co nhng thay oi th MapInfo se hien th mot hop thoai hoi ta co lu nhng
thay oi hay khong, neu thay can thiet ta chon Save hay Save all, neu khong ta chon
Discard hoac Discard all.
Trang 70
Phan tch: Chung ta se tao thuoc tnh va nap d lieu theo chu giai a co tren ban
o giay. Khi quan sat ban o quet va chu giai tren ban o ta thay co nhng thuoc tnh
sau:
- ngoi sao mau en
: thu o,
- vong tron ln co cham en ln gia : thanh pho
- vong tron va co mot cham en nho : th tran
- vong tron trn nho
: cac iem dan c khac;
ong thi nhng cham nao co mau o la tnh l.
Nh vay rieng trong phan thuoc tnh ta thay co hai tnh chat, 1) iem o la thu o,
thanh pho, th xa hay iem dan c khac va 2) iem o co phai la tnh l hay khong.
Ngoai ra ng nhien con co mot thong tin na la ten cac thanh pho, th xa.
Phan nay ta se s dung phng phap ma hoa d lieu mot cach n gian. Ta nhan
thay rang trong trng hp can phan biet mot iem dan c co phai la tnh l hay khong
phai la tnh l, ta co the tao then mot trng kieu ky t (Character) va go vao la tnh
l va khong phai tnh l. Ta se thay rang cach tao trng nh vay kha dai dong va
ton khong gian tren man hnh, vay neu ta quy c tnh l la so 1 va khong phai tnh l
la so 0 th viec nap d lieu se tr nen rat n gian va t b sai so v go nhieu. Tng t
nh vay oi vi cac iem dan c, ta co the quy c nh sau: 0: Thu o; 1: thanh pho,
2: th xa; 3: iem dan c khac.
Cach quy c nh vay c goi la ma hoa d lieu. Phng phap nay lam cho viec
nap d lieu n gian hn nhieu, tranh sai so ong thi trong mot so trng hp con
bao mat c thong tin. Lu y rang khi ma hoa d lieu th nhng thong tin ma hoa nay
can phai c ghi lai mot cho nao o e tranh nham lan hay b quen. oi vi nhng
he thong ban o ln, chi tiet va co hang nghn thong tin va thuoc tnh, khi ma hoa d
lieu ngi ta can tuan thu theo mot quy tac ma hoa nao o e am bao khi phat trien
he thong ban o them sau nay viec ma hoa c de dang va khong b trung lap. Ta
se ban chi tiet ve van e nay trong phan ///.
Nh vay trong lp thanh_pho ta s dung lenh Table > Maintenance > Modify Table
Structure e tao ra 3 trng mi co ten la 1) ten (nh dang kieu Character, chieu dai
(width) la 16 (v ta thay ten dai nhat la T.P. Ho Ch Minh bao gom 16 ky t theo bo ma
VNI), 2) kieu (kieu iem dan c, la 0, 1, 2 hay 3) (nh dang kieu Small Integer) va 3)
thuoc_tinh (0 hay 1) (nh dang kieu Small Integer). Ta co the s dung nut lenh Add
Field nhieu lan lien tiep e them nhieu trng mot lan.
Ta bat au nap thuoc tnh cho cac iem dan c. Trong phan nay nut Info Tool la
tien li nhat nen ta se s dung Info Tool e nap d lieu. Cach lam:
- M lp thanh_pho va lp anh quet bd_hcvn.
- Cung nh trong cac trng hp khac, khi so hoa cac vat the la iem, kieu iem mac
nh la hnh ngoi sao mau en, c 12 point, nen khi m tren lp ban o quet cac
thuoc tnh di b che khuat, ta lai s dung lenh Map > Layer Control, chon lp
thanh_pho roi chon Display va anh dau chon vao o Style Override, chnh kieu iem
sao cho de nhn thay cac ac tnh di lp ban o quet. Trong trng hp nay,
v du ta chnh kieu iem thanh ch X co mau vang, hoac bat ky kieu bieu tng nao
e de thay noi dung pha di t ban o quet.
- Chon nut Info Tool, nhap chuot len mot iem dan c bat ky, ca so Info m ra gom
4 hang, hang ID mac nh, hang ten, hang kieu va hang thuoc_tinh (hnh VI.6).
Trang 71
- Nhn vao iem dan c ta va nhap chuot xem no ten g, la thanh pho hay th xa, co
phai la tnh l hay khong va lan lt nap cac thuoc tnh vao ca so Info Tool theo
quy c nh a trnh bay phan tren. V du ta nhap chuot vao thu o Ha Noi, trong
hang ten, ta go Ha Noi (khong go dau ngoac kep, dong hien th thc chat khong
ung kieu ch), trong hang kieu, ta go la 0, trong hang thuoc_tinh ta go la 1 (v Ha
Noi cung la mot tnh l neu xet theo thuoc tnh nay). e di chuyen gia cac trng
ta co the dung phm <Tab> hay to hp phm <Shift> + <Tab>.
Hnh VI.6. Nap d lieu cho mot iem dan c ca 3 trng.

- Nhap chuot sang mot iem khac va lai nap thuoc tnh mot cach tng t.
Trong suot qua trnh nap d lieu, neu ta phat hien thay mnh so hoa sot mot thanh
pho nao o th ta co the dung cong cu ve iem e cham them thanh pho o, khi cham
xong, hop thoai Info Tool se lap tc hien len thong tin cua iem mi ve, ta co the nap
luon thong tin vao thanh pho b so hoa sot o. Khi nap xong nh chon lai nut lenh Info
Trang 72
Tool va nhap chuot len iem dan c khac e nap tiep d lieu
Ta cung co the dung nut lenh Grabber (hnh ban tay) tren thanh cong cu Main e
di chuyen ban o trong qua trnh nhap lieu, di chuyen en vung can thiet xong nh
chon lai nut Info Tool.
Nh vay ta a nap xong d lieu trong lp thanh_pho vi 3 trng. Khi lam xong nh
lu lai nhng thay oi bang lenh File > Save Table.
Trong qua trnh nap lieu vi nhieu vat the nh vay, ta co the nap sot d lieu mot
so vat the, e kiem tra xem co sot mot so iem dan c nao cha c nap d
lieu hay khong, ta lam theo cach sau:
1- Chon Query > Select, hop thoai Select m ra
2- Trong o Select Records from Table, ta chon lp thanh_pho; chon nut Assist, hop
thoai Expression m ra,
3- Trong o Column, dung mui ten tha xuong chon cot ten, ten trng se c
chuyen sang o Expression, trong o Operators ta chon dau =, dau bang c
chuyen sang o Expression, sau dau bang ta go hai dau ngoac kep lien nhau
(khong co khoang trang gia), ket qua la trong o Expression ta c bieu thc
(hnh VI.7):
ten =
Nhan chuot vao nut Verify, neu hop thoai MapInfo hien ra dong ch
Syntax is correct, th ta a go bieu thc ung, neu khong can kiem tra lai xem
ta a go ung hay cha; chon OK quay lai hop thoai Expression, nhan OK lan
na va quay lai hop thoai Select. Nh anh dau chon vao o Browse Results roi
nhan OK.
Neu khong con sot thanh pho nao cha nap d lieu, MapInfo se hien ra
hop thong bao No records selected (tc khong chon c ban ghi nao). Ta
nhan OK roi ket thuc.
Neu con sot mot vai ban ghi cha c nap d lieu, mot ca so Browser
(co ten la Queryn Browser) (trong o n la mot con so, tuy thuoc vao so phep
chon a thc hien trc o) c m ra hien th mot so hang nao o. Ta thay
trong trng ten khong co ky t nao ca, tc cha nap d lieu, gia s trong trng
hp nay ta thay a nap sot 6 iem dan c.
Luc nay e nap nhng ban ghi con sot, v chung khong nhieu nen ta co
the nap trc tiep len ca so Broswer.
4- Chon Window > Tile Windows, ca so ban o va Browser c m chung. ieu
chnh kch thc cac ca so sao cho phu hp.
5- Nhap chuot vao mot o vuong tren cua so Queryn Browser e chon mot hang
bang cach nhap chuot vao o vuong ben trai hang o o vuong c to en ong
thi mot iem tng ng tren ca so ban o cung c chon.
6- Tm iem c chon bang lenh Query > Find Selection. Ca so ban o se nhay
ve vung co iem ang c chon, iem c chon se c anh dau mau xanh
l, ta co the phong to ban o bang nut phong to - thu nho e nhn thay ro iem
c chon la iem dan c nao va nap thuoc tnh vao tng o tren ca so Query1
Browser tai hang o.
Tng t nh vay lap lai bc 5 cho mot hang trong khac e tm va nap
d lieu tiep cho nhng iem con sot.
Trang 73
Y ngha cua bc 1 en bc 3 trong phan nay la: lap mot bieu thc bao
MapInfo tm cho ta nhng iem nao ma cot (trng) ten rong (gia hai dau ngoac
kep khong co g) va m ra ca so Browser liet ke danh sach nhng iem o.
Ta se tm hieu ky hn ve lenh Chon (Select) va Bieu thc (Expression) trong
cac phan sau.
Hnh VI.7. Dung Bieu thc trong lenh Select e tm nhng iem
dan c cha c nap d lieu
Trong qua trnh nap d lieu nh tren, v ta nhn thong tin tren t ban o quet a
ang ky c m chung vi cac lp ban o v the oi nhn khong ro thong tin tren ban
o. Tot nhat la nen co mot t ban o giay ben canh e xem thong tin khi khong nhn
ro tren man hnh may tnh.
Bang phng phap tng t c dung cho nhap lieu vao lp thanh_pho ta co the
tao them trng va nap d lieu cho cac lp cac_tinh va lp song. Khi tao trng va nap
d lieu, co the lu y mot so iem sau:
- Tao mot trng la ten cho lp cac_tinh (nh dang la Character, can e y en so ky
t toi a cua ten tnh e nap vao o Width sao cho khong tha ma cung khong thieu),
tao mot trng th hai la trng dan_so (tc dan so, trng nay nh dang la
Integer)
- Khi tao trng ten cho song, luc nap d lieu ta ch can nap ten con song, khong can
nap ch Song pha trc, v du Song Hong ta ch go la Hong la u. D nhien
cung co the go ay u co ca ch Song nhng ieu nay se lam tang kch thc
trng len dan en viec tang kch thc cua cac tap tin mot cach khong can thiet.
Ch Song se c a len ban o luc trnh bay bang mot cach khac ma khong
can phai nap vao trng d lieu.
VI.2. TOI U HOA BAN O SAU KHI NAP D LIEU
Nh ta a biet, khi thc hien so hoa ban o trong MapInfo, cac vat the c ve eu
co kieu mac nh nh iem la hnh ngoi sao mau en, ng la ng lien mau en
day 1 pixel, vung co mau trang ranh gii la ng lien mau en, net day 1 pixel. ieu
nay khien cho khi m cac lp ban o ra rat kho phan biet. D nhien trong qua trnh so
Trang 74
hoa, khi so hoa en mot vat the co thuoc tnh nao ta co the dung cac nut cong cu chnh
kieu iem, kieu ng va kieu vung cho phu hp. Tuy nhien cach lam nh vay mat
thi gian. Sau khi a nap d lieu cho cac vat the tren ban o, ta co the thc hien ieu
chnh ban o sao cho de nhn thay khi m ra. Phan di ay trnh bay cach ieu chnh
ban o cho mot so lp, cac lp khac co the thc hien tng t.
VI.2.1. ieu chnh lp song
Song suoi tren ban o thng co mau xanh dng. Ta tien hanh ieu chnh nh
sau:
- M lp song ra bang lenh File > Open Table.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control e vao hop thoai Kiem soat Lp.
- anh dau
vao cot chnh sa
hang song, lam xong chon OK.
- T menu chnh chon Query, menu Query m ra.

- Neu trong ca so ch co lp song th hang th ba cua menu Query se co tuy chon
nhanh la Select All from song. Ta chon tuy chon nay. Neu trong ca so ban o co
nhieu lp ang m th ta chon Select e vao hop thoai Select. Trong hop thoai nay
chon lp song o Select Records from Table; tat chon trong o
Browse results i
roi chon OK. Tren ca so ban o ta thay tat ca cac vat the trong lp song c
chon.
- T menu chnh chon Options > Line Style hay chon nhanh bang nut nh dang kieu
ng
tren thanh cong cu Drawing. Hop thoai Line Style m ra.
- Trong phan Style, gi nguyen kieu ng la ng lien; trong o Color chnh ng

ve mau xanh dng; trong phan Width, o Pixel gi nguyen chieu day ng la 1.
- Lam xong chon OK. Ta thay tat ca cac ng trong lp song c oi thanh mau
xanh dng.
- Chon File > Save Table hay nhan to hp phm <Ctrl>+<S> hay nhap chuot vao nut
lu bang
. Hop thoai Save Table m ra, chon lp song roi nhan Save.
VI.2.2. ieu chnh lp giao_thong

Lp giao thong co hai kieu ng a c nap d lieu vao trng thuoc_tinh la
ng nha va ng sat. Gia s ta se chnh ng nha thanh mau o, net day 2
pixel va ng sat thanh mau en, net day 2 pixel. Cach thc hien:
- M lp giao_thong ra.
- Chon Map > Layer Control e vao hop thoai Kiem soat Lp.
- anh dau
vao cot chnh sa
hang giao_thong roi chon OK.
- Chon Query > Select, hop thoai Select m ra.

- Trong o Select Fecords from Table chon lp giao_thong, tat chon
Results.
trong o Browse
Trang 75
- Nhap chuot vao nut Assist hop thoai Expression m ra.

- Nhap chuot vao nut tha xuong trong o Column chon trng thuoc_tinh, ten
thuoc_tinh c a vao hop thoai go bieu thc ben trai.
- Trong o Bieu thc go them vao sau ten trng dau bang (=) va ch ng sat trong
ngoac kep. Lu y: ch nay phai giong vi ch ta a nap vao trng d lieu luc au.
Neu khong nh, ta m ca so d lieu cua lp giao_thong ra, nhap chuot vao hang
nao co ch ng sat th ch o c chon, nhan to hp phm <Ctrl>+<C> e
chep no vao bo nh tam roi mi chay lenh Select, khi go bieu thc ta dung lenh
<Ctrl>+<V> e dan ch o vao bieu thc cho chnh xac.
- Lam xong chon OK hai lan. Tat ca cac ng trong lp giao_thong co thuoc tnh la
ng sat c chon.
- Chon Options > LIne Style hay nhap chuot chon nut Line Style
tren thanh cong
cu Main.
- Chnh kieu ng tng t a lam vi lp song, oi sang mau en va net day 2
pixel.
- Thc hien lai lenh Query > Select nhng go ch ng nha va chnh thanh ng
mau o, net day 2 pixel.
- Chon File > Save Table hay nhan to hp phm <Ctrl>+<S> hoac nhap chuot vao nut
Save Table
tren thanh cong cu Standard. Hop thoai Save Table m ra, chon
lp giao_thong roi chon Save.

Nh vay lp giao_thong a c ieu chnh kieu ng cho phu hp vi thuoc tnh
cua chung.
Thc hien tng t oi vi lp thanh_pho va ieu chnh cac bieu tng iem theo
trng kieu (kieu) tng ng vi cac quy c ma hoa tren phan nap d lieu (0: Thu
o, 1: Thanh pho, 2: Th xa, 3: iem dan c khac). V trng kieu c nh dang la
kieu so nguyen nho (Small Integer) nen khi go gia tr trong hop thoai Select, khong
c go dau ngoac kep, v du kieu=2 la ung nhng kieu=2 la sai. D nhien
neu ta nh dang trng kieu la ky t (Character) va nap vao o cac ch so (ch khong
phai con so) 1, 2, 3 va 4 th khi thc hien lenh Select ta phai e trong ngoac kep.
Thc hien ieu chnh kieu cho cac lp khac mot cach t g t. Rieng lp cac_tinh
neu oi kieu cua tng tnh thanh cac mau khac nhau rat mat thi gian, ta thc hien
bang mot cach khac se c e cap trong Chng VIII, Trnh bay ban o.
Trang 76
CHNG VII.
THONG TIN CUA CAC VAT THE TREN BAN O SO
Mot ban o tren MapInfo c hnh thanh bi nhieu lp khac nhau. V vay tuy theo
nhu cau ta co the m mot hay nhieu lp ban o e hien th cac thong tin can thiet.
ay la mot ac iem ma ban o giay khong co c. Ban o giay c xay dng cho
mot muc ch s dung nao o va khi c in ra chung khong the thay oi c na.
V du ta khong the bo ng giao thong ra khoi mot t ban o giay e nhn thay ro
ranh gii cac quan chang han. Muon lam ieu nay oi vi ban o giay ta phai can lai
phan thong tin muon co.
Tuy nhien ngoai nhng u iem tren (hien th thong tin tren ban o theo y muon),
MapInfo con co mot so tnh nang khac e lay thong tin tren ban o so. Ta se lan lt
xem xet mot so lenh nh vay.
Lu y rang cac thong tin ve a ly do MapInfo t ong tnh toan tren may tnh phai
c can c t nhng lp ban o c so hoa mot cach chnh xac, neu khong thong
tin thu c se sai. Trong trng hp chung ta so hoa mot ban o t anh quet a
ang ky th ban o quet phai c ang ky chnh xac, neu khong nhng lp ban o
so hoa t anh quet ang ky cung se b sai va cac thong tin a ly do chung cung cap
t MapInfo cung khong chnh xac.
VII.1. XEM CAC THONG TIN A LY CUA VAT THE TREN BAN O
Hnh VII.1. Hop thoai Point Object - Hien th toa o

iem theo o thap phan va theo o - phut - giay.
Hay m nhng lp ban

o ta a lam co cac kieu vat
the khac nhau e thc tap
phan nay. V cac ban o ma
ta a tao ra t mot anh quet
a ang ky he quy chieu la
Longitude/Latitude (WGS84)
nen nhng thong tin ve toa
o la kinh o va v o. Phan
trnh bay di ay ch e
cap en n v toa o kieu
nay. Tuy theo he quy chieu
c s dung ma n v toa
o hien ra trong ca so
thong tin co the khac nhau.
Trang 77
e xem cac thong tin ve a ly cua mot vat the trong mot lp ban o, ta lam nh
sau: S dung cong cu chon nhap chuot chon vat the o, chon Edit > Get Info. Mot ca
so se m ra cho biet cac thong tin cua vat the c chon. Ta cung co the thc hien
tat lenh nay bang cach dung cong cu chon nhap chuot up len vat the o.
VII.1.1.Vat the kieu iem
Cac vat the kieu iem
ch co mot thong tin duy
nhat la toa o cua iem.
Thong tin hien th la toa
o cua vat the iem c
chon (hnh VII.1). LocationX
la kinh o, LocationY la v
o. Theo mac nh toa o
hien ra la o thap phan.
Neu muon toa o hien ra la
Hnh VII.2. Hop thoai Point Object, che o chnh sa.
o - Phut - Giay th ta lam
nh sau: Cho n Map >
Options; anh dau chon vao o Show DMS trong hop thoai Map Options.
Neu lp ban o ang m c anh dau che o chnh sa th hop thoai nay hien
ra hi khac (hnh VII.2). Hai o LocationX va LocationY hien ra che o co the thay oi
gia tr toa o. Neu ta thay oi cac thong so trong hai o nay th khi chon OK iem o se
nhay en v tr ma ta go toa o. Ngoai ra pha di hang toa o con co nut Style cho
phep ta chnh kieu bieu tng cua iem ang c chon.
VII.1.2. Vat the kieu ng
ay ta ch xem xet thong tin cua vat the kieu ng thng s dung nhat la
ng gap khuc (polyline).
Ve thong tin cua cac vat the
kieu ng khac nh hnh
cung (arc) va ng thang
(line), xin xem trong phan
/////. Hop thoai hie n th
thong tin cua vat the kieu
ng co nhieu thong tin
hn (hnh VII.3).
Hnh VII.3. Hop thoai Polyline Object - hien th

thong tin ve vat the kieu ng.
BoundX1 va BoundX2 cho

biet toa o can trai va can
phai
cu a ng o.
BoundY1 va BoundY2 cho
biet can di va can tren
cua no. CenterX va CenterY
cho biet toa o trong tam
cua ng. Total Length
cho biet chieu dai cua vat
the ng. Ne u he quy
Trang 78
chieu co toa o theo he

kinh/v th n v o chieu
dai mac nh la dam (mile viet tat la mi). Neu he quy
chieu la None Earth th n
v o chieu dai se phu
thuoc vao n v c khai
bao khi chon he quy chieu
o. Xem them phan he quy
chieu trong Chng XIX.
Muon hien th n v o
khoang cach khac ta vao
Map > Options; trong phan
Map Units, chon n v
khoang cach khac trong o
Distance Units. Dong Line
Segments cho biet ng
c chon gom bao nhieu
oa n. Sections cho biet Hnh VII.4. Hop thoai Polyline Objects - thong tin ve
vat the kieu ng (polyline) che o chnh sa.
ng o gom bao nhieu
phan. V du nh ta ve hai
vat the ng cach xa nhau, sau o dung lenh gop (Combine) e nhap chung lai lam
mot th vat the ng tao thanh se c xem la co 2 phan. Xin xem them lenh
Combine trong Chng V, phan Chnh sa vat the.
Neu lp cha vat the ang c chon che o chnh sa, ca so hien th cung
khac i (hnh VII.4). Cac o toa o cho phep thay oi gia tr. Khi thay oi gia tr trong
cac o BoundX1, BoundX2 va BoundY1, BoundY2 th vat the ng se b co, dan. Neu
thay oi toa o trong cac o CenterX va CenterY th ng o se dch len-xuong, traiphai. Pha di goc phai cung co nut lenh Style cho phep ta chnh kieu ng. Goc
di ben trai co tuy chon Smooth, anh dau o nay th ng se c bo tron.
VII.1.3. Vat the kieu vung
Hnh VII.5. Hop thoai Region Object - thong tin ve vat

the kieu vung che o chnh sa.
Cac thong tin hien th

khi chon mot vat the kieu
vung giong vi vat the kieu
ng, ch khac la co them
mot so thong tin na (Hnh
VII.5). Total Area cho biet
dien tch cua vung c
chon. oi vi nhng ban o
co he quy chieu theo he
kinh/v o th n v dien
tch mac nh la dam vuong
(square mile - viet tat sq
mi). Neu muon oi dien tch
ve n v khac ta vao Map
> Options, trong phan Map
Trang 79
Units, oi n v o dien tch trong o Area Units. n v dien tch thng c s dung
nc ta la met vuong (square meters), hecta (hectare) va kilomet vuong (square kilometers). Hang Total Perimeter cho biet chu vi tong cong cua vung ang c chon.
Line segments cho biet tong so oan cua vat the kieu vung c chon. Tng t nh
trong vat the kieu ng, mot vat the kieu vung co the gom hai phan tach ri nhau.
So vung o c thong bao trong dong Polygons (a giac). Khi lp cha vat the vung
c chon che o chnh sa, thay oi cac thong so trong cac o toa o cung lam
thay oi hnh dang cua vat the o hay lam di chuyen v tr cua no.
VII.1.4. Vat the kieu ky t
Vat the kieu ky t la
mot loai vat the ac biet
trong MapInfo. Cac lenh
lien quan en vat the
kieu ky t a c trnh
bay chi tiet trong
Chng V, muc V.3.4.
Hnh VII.6 c a ra
nham giup oc gia nh
lai cac chi tiet cua hop
thoai nay.
Ngoai cac thong tin
ve a ly nh tren (toa
o, chieu dai, dien tch,
gii han,...) nh ta a
thay trong phan VII.1,
nut lenh Info Tool tren
thanh cong cu Main co
the cho phep ta xem cac
thong tin ve d lieu a
c nap cho mot vat
the.
Hnh VII.6. Hop thoai Text Object - thong tin ve vat the
kieu ky t che o chnh sa.
VII.2. NAP CAC THONG TIN VE A LY VAO BANG D LIEU CUA LP BAN O
Nh a thay, khi muon xem thong tin a ly cua mot vat the nao o ta phai chon
vat the o roi dung lenh Edit > Get Info hoac nhap chuot up len vat the o. Cach
lam nay co mot iem bat tien la ch xem c thong tin cua mot vat the duy nhat. Khi
muon xem thong tin cua mot vat the khac ta lai phai chon vat the o. MapInfo co mot
vai ham so cho phep ta nap mot so thong tin a ly quan trong nh toa o, chieu dai,
dien tch,... vao bang d lieu cua lp ban o mot cach t ong. Phan di ay se trnh
bay cach nap cac thong tin a ly quan trong cua cac vat the o hoa tren ban o vao
bang d lieu cua chung.
Trang 80
VII.2.1. Nap toa o cua cac vat the iem

Hay m lp thanh_pho ra bang lenh File > Open Table e thc tap lenh nay. Ta
se tien hanh nap toa o cac thanh pho, th xa trong lp nay.
Toa o cua mot iem c xac nh bang hai gia tr: kinh o va v o. V vay muon
cha d lieu toa o nay ta can co hai cot, mot cot e cha kinh o va mot cot cha
v o. Ta se tao them hai cot na. Cach lam nh sau:
- Chon Table > Maintenance > Table Structure. Hop thoai Modify Table Structure m
ra.
- Chon Add Field, at ten cho trng mi trong o Name la kinh_do, kieu la Float.
- Chon Add Field lan na, at ten cho trng th hai la vi_do, kieu cung la Float.
- Xong chon OK.
MapInfo t ong ong ca so ban o va/hay ca so d lieu cua lp o lai.
e co the nhn thay cac toa o c nap vao, m bang d lieu cua lp thanh_pho
ra bang lenh Window > New Browser Window > thanh_pho. Ta thay rang hai cot mi
a c tao them.
Hnh VII.7. Hop thoai Update Column ( pha sau)

va Hop thoai Expression trong lenh cap nhat
cot kinh_do cho lp thanh_pho.
Trang 81
Lan lt nap toa o cho cot kinh_do va vi_do nh sau:

Chon Table > Update Column, hop thoai Update Column m ra.
Chon ten lp la thanh_pho trong o Table to Update; trong o Column to Update ta
chon kinh_do.
Nhan chuot chon nut Assist, hop thoai Expression m ra.
Nhan chuot vao nut tha xuong o Functions (ham so) va chon ham CentroidX;
xong chon OK.
Quay tr lai hop thoai Update Column, ta thay bieu thc trong o Value la
CentroidX(obj) (hnh VII.7).
Tat chon trong o Browse Results i roi chon OK.
MapInfo tnh toan vai giay va ta thay trong trng kinh_do tat ca cac hang eu
c nap kinh o vao. Toa o ay c tnh bang o thap phan
oi vi cot vi_do cach lam hoan toan tng t, ch khac la trong o Column to
Update ta chon trng vi_do va ham so s dung la CentroidY.
Nh vay tat ca cac ban ghi (hang) eu c nap tr so toa o vao hai cot kinh_do
va vi_do. T ay tr i ta co the m bang d lieu ra xem toa o cua tng thanh pho,
th xa ma khong can nhap chuot vao chung tren ban o na. Chon lenh lu (File >
Save Table) e gi lai nhng thong tin va mi c cap nhat t ong tren neu muon.
VII.2.2. Nap thong tin cua cac vat the kieu ng
oi vi cac vat the kieu ng, thong tin quan trong nhat la chieu dai cua vat the.
Ta se nap chieu dai cua cac con song trong lp song. Trc het ta cung phai tao mot
trng e cha chieu dai cac con song. Cach lam:
- ong lp thanh_pho phan tren lai bang lenh File > Close Table.
- M lp song bang lenh File > Open Table.
- T menu chnh chon Table > Maintenance > Table Structure.
- Chon Add Field trong hop thoai Modify Table Structure, at ten trng mi trong o
Name la chieu_dai, chon kieu trong Type la Float; xong chon OK.
MapInfo ong lp song lai trong cac ca so lien quan no.
- Chon Window > New Browser Window, chon lp song e m bang d lieu cua lp
song ra. Trng chieu_dai a c tao them.
-
Nap chieu dai cua cac con song vao trng mi nay nh sau:
Chon Table > Update Column.
Chon lp song trong o Table to Update; trong Column to Update chon trng
chieu_dai.
Nhan chuot chon nut Assist e m hop thoai Expression ra.
o Functions, trong danh sach tha xuong chon ham ObjectLen, dong bieu thc
hien th trong o Expression la ObjectLen(obj, mi). Sa n v o lng
mac nh trong ngoac kep mi (dam) thanh km (kilomet) va chon OK.
- Bieu thc hien th trong o Value se la ObjectLen(obj,km) (hnh VII.8).

- Tat chon trong o Browse Results i roi chon OK.
Trang 82
Mot thi gian ngan sau tat ca cac ban ghi (hang) trong lp song eu c nap
chieu dai (tnh bang km). Nh vay ta a co chieu dai cua tat ca cac con song c
nap t ong. Neu muon ta co the thay oi chieu dai n v o khi nhap ham so, v du
Hnh VII.8. Hop thoai Update Column ( pha sau) va

Hop thoai Expression trong lenh cap nhat cot
chieu_dai cho lp song.
neu muon MapInfo tnh chieu dai bang met th thay v sa ch mi thanh km th ta
sa thanh m (met) trong khi lap bieu thc phan tren.
Tng t nh vay ta co the tao trng mi va nap chieu dai cho tat ca cac ng
giao thong chnh trong lp giao_thong.
Ta cung co the nap trung iem cua cac vat the ng bang hai ham so CentroidX
va CentroidY, tuy nhien thong tin nay khong may hu ch oi vi vat the kieu ng.
VII.2.3. Nap thong tin cho cac vat the kieu vung
Cac vat the kieu vung co hai thong tin a ly quan trong ang e ta quan tam la
chu vi va dien tch. Lp cac_tinh se c s dung lam v du cho cac lenh nay. Ta se
thc hien nap d lieu nay nh sau:
- ong lp song trong v du trc lai. Neu hop thoai lu bang hien ra hoi ta co lu
nhng thay oi khong th ta chon Save e lu hay Discard (bo) neu muon.
Trang 83
- M lp cac_tinh ra.
- Chon Table > Maintenance > Table Structure.
- Tao hai trng mi la chu_vi va dien_tich cho lp cac tnh, kieu cua hai trng nay
eu la Float.
- M ca so Browser cua lp cac_tinh ra lai e co the nhn thay s thay oi.
Ta cap nhat cot chu_vi nh sau:
- Chon Table > Update Column.
- Trong Table to Update chon cac_tinh, trong Column to Update chon chu_vi.
- Nhan nut Assist. Hop thoai Expression m ra.
- Trong hop thoai Expression, t danh sach tha xuong cua o Functions ta chon
Perimeter (chu vi).
- Trong hop Type an Expression, sa ch mi trong ngoac kep thanh km e oi
n v tnh chieu dai. Xong chon OK.
- Trong hop thoai Update Column, tat chon trong o Browse Results roi chon OK.
Chu vi cua cac tnh c nap xong, tnh bang kilomet (hnh VII.9).
Ta cap nhat cot dien_tich nh sau:
Hnh VII.9. Nap chu vi cua vat the kieu vung.
Trang 84
Chon Table > Update Column.

Trong Table to Update chon cac_tinh, trong Column to Update chon dien_tich.
Nhan nut Assist. Hop thoai Expression m ra.
Trong hop thoai Expression, t danh sach tha xuong cua o Functions, chon ham
Area (dien tch).
- Trong bieu thc Area(obj, sq mi) sa ch sq mi (dam vuong) thanh hectare
(hecta); hoac neu muon tnh la km2 th ta sa thanh sq km
- Chon OK hai lan.
-
Cot dien_tich c nap cac thong so la dien tch cua tat ca cac vung.
* Quan trong: lu y la khi nap thong tin a ly cua cac vat the theo phng phap nh
tren, MapInfo tnh toan cac gia tr da vao vat the o hoa a c ve tren ban o.
Neu sau nay ta co chnh sa cac ban o th nhng thong tin o se b thay oi. Ta phai
chay lai lenh Update Column va chep e d lieu cap nhat mi len nhng d lieu cu.
Chng VII. THONG TIN CUA CAC VAT THE TREN BAN O SO
88
VII.1. Xem cac thong tin ve a ly
88
VII.1.1. oi vi nhng vat the kieu iem
89
VII.1.2. oi vi nhng vat the kieu ng
89
VII.1.3. oi vi nhng vat the kieu vung
90
VII.1.4. oi vi vat the kieu ky t
91
VII.2. Nap cac thong tin ve a ly vao bang d lieu cua lp ban o
91
VII.2.1. Nap toa o cho cac vat the kieu iem
91
VII.2.2. Nap thong tin a ly cho cac vat the kieu ng
93
VII.2.3. Nap thong tin a ly cho cac vat the kieu vung
94
Trang 85
CHNG VIII.
TRNH BAY BAN O
Trong chng nay chung ta se xem xet cac noi dung lien quan en viec trnh bay
ban o. Chng nay se s dung nhng lp ban o a c tao ra trong cac chng
trc e lam v du minh hoa.
VIII.1. TONG QUAT
Trnh bay ban o la mot cong viec khong nhng co tnh chat khoa hoc, chnh xac
ma con co tnh chat nghe thuat. V vay ay la mot viec tng oi mat nhieu thi gian
neu ta muon co mot ban o trnh bay ep va ay u chi tiet.
Noi mot cach tong quat, mot ban o khi c in ra se co cac thanh phan sau (tuy
theo loai ban o va muc ch s dung ma cac thanh phan di ay co the co hoac
khong, hoac thay oi nhng c ban la chung can thiet khi trnh bay ban o):
1- Ten cua ban o: moi ban o c in ra hay c trnh bay eu nham phuc vu cho
mot noi dung nao o, ten cua ban o can phai giai thch mot cach tom tat nhng
ay u ban o o c lap ra nham muc ch g.
2- Noi dung ban o: la phan quan trong nhat cua ban o, no bao gom cac thong tin
di dang o hoa nh song suoi, ng xa, tnh, thanh pho, ng cao o,... Phan
nay chiem phan ln khoang khong gian cung nh noi dung cua ban o. Noi dung
cua ban o phai phu hp vi ten cua ban o, tc lam noi bat c noi dung muon
trnh bay.
3- Nhan: tren ban o ta thay co ten tnh, co ten thanh pho, ten song suoi,... o la cac
nhan nham muc ch lam ro ngha cua cac vat the tren ban o.
4- Chu giai: la mot phan nam ngoai noi dung ban o nhng no giai ngha ro them cho
cac bieu tng, kieu ng, kieu vung c trnh bay tren ban o, v du trong chu
giai co noi dung sau: ng lien manh mau xanh dng tng trng cho song suoi,
ng lien mau o tng trng cho ng bo, ng gach cham am tng trng
cho ranh gii tnh, ngoi sao mau o tng trng cho thu o,.... Phan chu giai (hay
con goi la chu dan, chu thch) cua ban o thng c at rieng trong mot khung
va nam pha di ban o. Tuy nhien tuy trng hp ngi ta co the at chu giai
v tr nao cho co tham my la c.
5- Li toa o: co the co hay khong tuy nhien li toa o thng la can thiet v no giup
ngi xem ban o xac nh c v tr tren ban o. Li toa o la nhng ng song
song vi kinh tuyen va xch ao, cach eu nhau mot khoang nhat nh va tren moi
Trang 86
ng eu co toa o.
6 - Thc ty le: thng nam mot goc cua ban o bieu th cho ty le khoang cach tren
ban o tng ng vi khoang cach ngoai thc a la bao nhieu. Thc ty le cung
co the c trnh bay hay khong, v du nh trong ten cua ban o ta a ghi ty le cua
ban o roi th thc ty le tren ban o co the khong can thiet, tuy nhien neu co th
ban o cang tr nen ro rang, thuan tien cho ngi s dung hn.
7 - Kim ch nam: kim ch nam la mot bieu tng hnh la ban minh hoa cho hng Bac
tren ban o. Yeu to nay co the co hoac khong v thong thng th hng bac c
quy c la hng thang len tren. Trong mot so trng hp do muc ch my thuat
khi trnh bay ban o ma ngi ta co the xoay ban o i sao cho thuan tien, luc o
kim ch nam la can thiet e giup xac nh hng Bac nh a noi.
oi vi nhng ban o c xay dng nham muc ch s dung ngoai thc a th
li toa o va kim ch nam rat co ch .
8 - Cac yeu to khac: trong ban o ta cung co the cung cap them nhng thong tin khac
cho ngi xem, v du nh tac gia cua ban o, he quy chieu ma ban o ang s
dung, nguon cua nhng thong tin tren ban o,... ay ta noi en ban o c trnh
bay trong MapInfo, oi vi ban o in, con co cac thong tin ve nha xuat ban, so lng
in, thi gian in,...
Trong phan nay ta se xem xet cach trnh bay mot ban o vi ay u tat ca cac chi
tiet tren.
Gia s ban o ta muon trnh bay ay se co ten la: BAN O HANH CHNH MIEN
BAC VIET NAM. Vi noi dung nh vay, ta can trnh bay tren ban o cac noi dung sau:
- Ranh gii nc Viet Nam (lp ranh_gioi)
- Ranh gii cac tnh (lp rg_tinh)
- Cac tnh (lp cac_tinh)
- Cac Thanh pho, th xa (lp thanh_pho)
- Cac tuyen ng giao thong chnh (lp giao_thong)
- Cac con song chnh (lp song)
Lu y: Phan nay hng dan cach trnh bay mot ban o vi tat ca cac lp co c.
Ngi oc neu khong muon trnh bay lp nao th khong can thc hien nhng phan lien
quan en lp o. V du neu ta khong muon trnh bay lp song th khong can m lp
song ra va bo qua tat ca nhng phan lien quan en lp nay nh to mau, lam chu giai,...
Trnh bay mot ban o co the mat nhieu thi gian. Neu ta muon ngng gia chng
va lam tiep sau nay th co the dung lenh lu workspace nh sau:
- T menu chnh chon File > Save Workspace. Hop thoai Save Workspace m ra.
- at ten cho workspace (phien lam viec) trong o File Name, chon th muc lu tap tin
workspace trong o Save In roi nhan nut Save.
Sau nay ta co the m lai tap tin workspace o e tiep tuc cong viec d dang. Khi
m mot workspace va tien hanh mot so lenh mi roi lai dung lenh File > Save
Workspace mot lan na th hop thoai Save Workspace se hien th ten cu cua tap tin
workspace, neu ta chon lenh Save (khong oi ten trong o File Name) th mot hop thoai
mi m ra hoi ta co muon chep e len ten cua tap tin workspace cu hay khong. Ta phai
chon Yes e thay the tap tin cu bang tap tin mi.
Trang 87
VIII.2. IEU CHNH PHAN MUON TRNH BAY

Mot ban o khi c so hoa co the bao gom mot vung rat rong. Tuy nhien, trong
nhieu trng hp ta ch muon trnh bay mot phan nao o cua ban o ma thoi.
Trong phan nay gia s ta ch muon trnh bay phan mien Bac cua nc ta (t tnh
Ha Giang cho en tnh Nghe An). Cach lam nh sau:
- Khi ong MapInfo.
- Chon Open a Table trong hop thoai Quick Start, hoac chon File > Open Table t
menu chnh.
- Chon m lp ranh_gioi, rg_tinh, cac_tinh, thanh_pho, giao_thong va lp song; gi
phm <Ctrl> e chon hai hay
nhieu lp mot lan.
- Neu ca so khong hien th het
noi dung cua hai lp (tc o
phong ai qua ln so vi kch
thc ca so), ta chon Map >
View Entire Layer, trong hop
thoai View Entire Layer, ta
chon All Layers > OK. Ca so
ban o se c ieu chnh ve
mot ty le sao cho hien th
c toan bo cac lp.
- Chon nut cong cu phong to va
re chuot theo ng cheo qua
vung ta can hien th, vung o
se c phong to sao cho
Hnh VIII.1. ieu chnh vung muon hien th,
chiem phan toi a tren ca so
hng mui ten tren ng cheo la hng
ban o (hnh VIII.1).
re chuot. Vung nam trong ng cham
- ieu chnh kch thc ca so
cham hnh ch nhat se c phong to het
ban o sao cho phu hp vi
ca so ban o hien tai.
hnh dang cua vung ta can
hien th.
Ta thay rang khi ieu chnh kch thc cua ca so ban o, ty le ban o thay oi
theo (tc ni rong ca so ban o th ban o ln len theo va ngc lai). ieu nay oi
luc thuan tien nhng oi luc cung bat tien v ban o chay khi ta ieu chnh ca so
ban o. Neu khong muon ty le ban o thay oi khi ieu chnh kch thc ca so, ta
chon Map > Options, trong hop thoai Map Options, phan When resizing Window, anh
dau chon vao o Preserve Current Scale > OK. Luc nay neu ta ieu chnh ca so ban
o th ban o se khong thay oi ty le va khong chay na. Ta co the s dung nut
Grabber
e di chuyen them ban o sao cho that phu hp.
Thc ra ay ch la mot trong nhng cach ieu chnh phan muon hien th. Ta co the
s dung phoi hp nut Grabber, nut phong to - thu nho va ieu chnh kch thc ca so
ban o e hien th phan ban o muon trnh bay. Xem them ve lenh Clip Region trong
Chng X, muc X.1.2.
Trang 88
Lu y rang phan ban o hien th tren ca so ban o se hien ra chnh xac nh ta

thay khi trnh bay ban o e in. V vay trong phan nay ta phai d kien hien th ban o
nh the nao e ieu chnh cho ung phan ta muon in.
VIII.3. TO MAU CHO BAN O
Gia s sau khi ieu chnh kch thc ca so ban o xong ta co ca so ban o nh
tren hnh VIII.2.
Hnh VIII.2. M cac lp ban o can trnh bay ra tren cung mot ca so.
Lp cac_tinh la mot lp kieu vung. Ta se tao cho moi tnh mot mau khac nhau e
de phan biet.
ng mep cua lp cac_tinh chong len lp rg_tinh va v vay lam ban o hien th
khong ep. Ta phai chnh nh dang cac vung cua lp cac_tinh sao cho mep cua cac
vung tnh mat mau i. Lenh Style Override c s dung trong trng hp nay. Cach
lam nh sau:
- Chon Map > Layer Control, chon lp cac_tinh roi chon Display.
- Trong phan Display Mode, anh dau chon
vao o Style Override roi chon nut nh
dang kieu vung.
- Trong hop thoai Region Style, phan Border, chon None trong o Style.
Trang 89
Ta bat au to mau cho lp cac_tinh.

- Chon Map > Create Thematic Map.
- Trong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3, phan Type chon Individual,
phan Template Name chon Region IndValue Default. Xong chon Next.
- V trong so cac lp ang m, ch co lp cac_tinh la kieu vung cho nen hop thoai
Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 t ong chon lp nay, trong o Field chon trng
ten. Xong chon Next.
- Trong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3, ta thay cac tnh c to mau t
ong, ong thi moi mau cung c lam chu giai theo ten tnh. Xong chon OK.
phan Apply nh anh dau chon vao o Color e lam mat ng vien cua cac tnh th
phan ranh gii trong lp rg_tinh mi hien ro len c. ay ch la van e tham my
trong trnh bay ban o.
Chu giai theo ten cua cac tnh c hien th trong mot ca so co ten la Legend of
thanh_pho, ranh_gioi,...,cac_tinh Map. Ket qua cuoi cung c trnh bay tren hnh
VIII.3.
Hnh VIII.3. Ban o cac_tinh c to mau.
Trang 90
VIII.4. LAM CHU GIAI

Tren ban o ta thay co cac chi tiet sau: song, ng giao thong, cac thanh pho,
th xa,... Ta can lam chu giai e ngi xem biet c o la nhng noi dung g. Ta se
thc hien viec lam chu giai cho cac lp tren. Cach thc hien nh sau:
- T menu chnh chon Map > Create Legend. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 1 of 3
(Tao chu giai, bc 1) m ra (hnh VIII.4). Ben phai hop thoai nay la o Legend
Frames, liet ke tat ca cac lp ban o ang c m va co the lam chu giai.
Hnh VIII.4. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 1 of 3, tao chu giai - bc 1.
- Ta khong can lam chu giai cho lp cac_tinh va lp ban o chu e cua no v the chon
cac_tinh va cac_tinh (Ind.Value with ten) roi nhan nut Remove e loai hai lp nay
sang o Layers ben trai. Co the chnh th t chu giai bang cach chon mot lp roi
nhan nut Up hay Down e di chuyen lp c chon len hay xuong. Nen xep cac
chu giai cung kieu chung vi nhau, va cai nao quan trong nen xep trc. V du trong
cac lp kieu ng ta xep theo th t t tren xuong di nh sau: ranh_gioi, rg_tinh,
giao_thong, song.
- Chon Next. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 2 of 3 (tao chu giai - bc 2) m ra
(hnh VIII.5).
- O Window Title cho phep ta at ten cho ca so chu giai. Gia s ta go vao o nay la
CHU GIAI. Tuy chon Scroll Bars c bat len se hien th thanh cuon ngang va
ng tren ca so chu giai. Ben phai cung co tuy chon xep cac chu giai theo kieu
ng (Portrait) hay ngang (Landscape). Gia s ta chon la Portrait.
- ieu chnh trong phan Legend Frame Defaults:
+ Nhap chuot vao nut chnh kieu ch ben phai o Title Pattern e chnh kieu ch
cho tieu e cua chu giai. Hop thoai Text Style m ra, chnh kieu ch ve tieng
Trang 91
Viet, v du chon kieu ch la VNI-Helve va anh dau chon
vao o All Caps
(Viet hoa) va o Bold (ch am).
Hnh VIII.5. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 2 of 3, tao chu giai bc 2.
+ Thc hien tng t vi nut chnh kieu ch ben phai o Style Name Pattern e
vao hop thoai Text Style va chnh kieu ch cho noi dung chu giai. Gia s ta
chnh kieu ch thanh VNI-Helve, c ch 8.
+ Bo qua phan Subtitle Pattern (tieu e phu) v khong can thiet.
+ Neu anh dau chon vao tuy chon Border Style goc di ben phai th nut chnh
kieu ng se hien ro len va ta co the nhap chuot chon nut nay e vao hop
thoai Line Style e chnh kieu ng vien cho khung chu giai. Gia s ta khong
can phan nay nen bo qua.
- Thc hien xong cac muc tren chon Next. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 3 of 3
(tao chu giai - bc 3) m ra (hnh VIII.6). Trong o Legend Frames ta thay liet ke
danh sach cac lp a c chon trong bc 1. Khi nhap chuot chon mot lp nao
o th ta co the ieu chnh chu giai cho lp o cac noi dung ben phai.
+ Chon lp thanh_pho. Trong o Title tren cung, ten tieu e chu giai do MapInfo
t at la thanh_pho Legend. Ta sa lai thanh Chu giai (chu y go tieng Viet cho
ung v tieng Viet khong hien th ung). Gi nguyen tuy chon Unique Map
Styles trong phan Styles from. Trong o Label Styles with, nhap chuot vao nut tha
xuong va chon trng kieu. Nh vay la hoan tat chnh chu giai cho lp
thanh_pho.
+ Nhap chuot chon lp ranh_gioi. Xoa ten mac nh la ranh_gioi Legend trong o
Title tren i. Ta se s dung ch CHU GIAI cua lp tren cung la lp
Trang 92
thanh_pho lam tieu e chu giai chung. Trong o Label Styles with, nhap chuot vao
mui ten tha xuong va chon trng thuoc_tinh.
Hnh VIII.6. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 3 of 3, tao chu giai - bc 3.
+ Nhap chuot vao lp rg_tinh. Xoa ten mac nh trong o Title i. V lp rg_tinh ch
co mot kieu ng duy nhat nen ta se go luon chu giai cho lp nay. Cach lam:
Trong o Label Styles with chon Expression.
Trong hop thoai Expression m ra, ta go ch
ranh gii tnh trong o Expression. Roi chon OK.
+ Nhap chuot chon lp giao_thong. Lai xoa ten
chu giai mac nh trong o Title i. Nhap chuot
vao mui ten tha xuong trong o Label Styles with
va chon trng thuoc_tinh.
+ Nhap chuot chon lp song. Tng t lp rg_tinh,
ta chon Expression roi go ch song va chon
OK.
- Nhap chuot chon Finish e ket thuc. Ta thay chu
giai c tao thanh trong mot ca so co ten la CHU
GIAI. ay la ten ta at trong o Window Title bc
2. Ta thay rang do a noi dung cho chu giai cua
thanh_pho la trng kieu, trng nay c ma hoa
la 0, 1, 2, 3 v vay ta se phai chnh lai chu giai nay
(hnh VIII.7). Cach lam:
Hnh VIII.7. Ca so chu

giai mi tao xong.
Trang 93
Hnh VIII.8. Hop thoai Legend Frame Properties e chnh chu giai.
+ Nhap chuot vao chu giai cua lp thanh_pho e chon no.
+ T menu chnh chon Legend > Properties. Hop thoai Legend Frame Properties
cua lp thanh_pho m ra (hnh VIII.8).
+ Trong o Styles ben phai, nhap chuot chon
so 0 canh ngoi sao. So 0 hien len trong o
Edit selected text here pha di. Ta biet
rang so 0 la Thu o vay ta xoa so 0 i va
go lai ch Thu o.
+ Tng t nh vay lan lt nhap chuot vao
cac bieu tng va cac chu giai mac nh
con lai e sa lai noi dung chu giai (sa 1
thanh thanh pho, 2 thanh th xa, 3 thanh
cac iem dan c khac).
+ Lam xong chon OK.
Noi dung chu giai cua lp thanh_pho a c
ieu chnh lai cho ung (hnh VIII.9).
Gi nguyen cac ca so c m ra. Ta se
tien hanh dan nhan cho ban o.
Hnh VIII.9. Ca so chu giai

hoan tat.
Trang 94
VIII.5. TAO NHAN

Ta se tao nhan cho cac lp song, cac_tinh va lp thanh_pho. Cac lp giao_thong,
ranh_gioi, rg_tinh khong can nhan v ch can chu giai la u. Lu y rang cac lp tren
khong can nhan ch trong trng hp v du nay ma thoi. Gia s neu ta lam mot ban o
chi tiet hn th ta co the phai dan nhan cho cac lp tren, v du nh vi lp giao_thong
ta can dan nhan ten cac quoc lo chang han.
VIII.5.1. Tao nhan cho lp song
Chon Map > Layer Control, hop thoai Layer Control m ra.
Chon lp song roi nhan nut Label; hop thoai song Label Options m ra.
Trong o Label with ta chon Expression; hop thoai Expression m ra.
Trong o Type an Expression, ta go: Song (thc chat la ch Soong , nh co mot
khoang trang sau ch g).
- Chon dau cong (+) trong phan Operators, dau cong c them vao sau ch
Soong.
- Trong o Column, chon trng ten, trng nay c them vao sau dau cong. Dong
ch sau cung trong o Type an Expression se la:
Soong + ten
- Chon OK e ong hop thoai lai.
- phan Styles, chon nut nh dang kieu ch va chnh kieu ch la ch nghieng (anh
dau vao o Italic trong phan Effects), mau xanh, c 8, anh dau vao o Halo phan
Background; phan Label Lines, anh dau chon vao o None.
- Lam xong chon OK e quay lai hop thoai Layer Control.
- Khong anh dau
vao cot nhan
hang cua lp song.
- Chon OK e ong hop thoai Layer Control lai.

- Nhap chuot chon nut Label
- Di chuyen chuot tr lai ca so ban o, con tro chuot bien thanh hnh dau cong. Nhap
chuot vao con song nao ta muon dan nhan. Nhan se xuat hien canh con song c
nhap chuot.
Neu nhap chuot len mot nhan ten song ta thay nhan o c chon. Co bon cham
hnh vuong mau en xung quanh e anh dau cho ranh gii nhan va mot cham na
goc di ben phai cua nhan. Cham th nam nay la mot tay cam, cho phep ta quay
nhan sao cho phu hp neu gi phm chuot trai tren cham nay va re chuot. Gi phm
chuot trai gia nhan va re chuot th ta cung co the di chuyen cac nhan. ieu chnh
sao cho v tr cac nhan song nay phu hp va khong choan v tr cua cac nhan khac sau
nay.
VIII.5.2. Tao nhan cho lp cac_tinh
- Chon lp cac_tinh, chon Label.
- Trong o Label with, chon trng ten.
Trang 95
- Chnh kieu ch thanh tieng Viet, ch hoa, c ch 5; anh dau chon vao o Halo trong
phan Background.
- Lam xong chon OK hai lan, cac nhan c hien th tren ban o.
- Sau khi cac nhan a hien len, ta can kiem ta va chnh sa v tr cac nhan neu can
thiet. e chnh sa v tr mot nhan, nhap chuot up vao nhan o. Hop thoai Label
Options m ra. Thc hien cac ieu chnh can thiet. Xem chi tiet ieu chnh nhan
trong Chng X, muc X.5.
VIII.5.3. Tao nhan cho lp thanh_pho
Cach lam hoan toan tng t nhng ta nh dung kieu ch khac e phan biet vi
cac nhan cua lp cac_tinh. V du nh lp cac_tinh ta nh dang kieu ch hoa con lp
thanh_pho ta nh dang kieu ch thng, ch viet hoa ch cai au. Nh chon None
trong phan Label Lines.
Lai ieu chnh v tr cac nhan sao cho phu hp.
Lu y: Khi tao nhan cho cac lp la iem th theo mac nh nhan c at ben phai
iem o. Ta co the nhap up chuot len tng nhan e vao hop thoai Label Style va
chnh v tr cho cac nhan.
Hnh VIII.10. Nhan cua lp cac_tinh va thanh_pho c a len ban o.
Trang 96
Sau khi ieu chnh nhan, ket qua co the trong giong nh tren hnh VIII.10.
VIII.6. LAM LI TOA O
Trong phan nay chung ta se xem xet mot tnh nang m rong cua MapInfo. Trong
MapInfo, ngoai cac lenh tren cac menu chnh, ngi ta con co the s dung mot so tnh
nang m rong khac. Nhng tnh nang m rong nay c viet trong mot phan mem
khac cua hang MapInfo, o la Map Basic.
Khi cai at MapInfo, mot so tnh nang m rong nay cung a c tch hp vao.
Chung c cai at trong th muc MapInfo\Professional\Tools. Xem them ve cac trnh
MapBasic trong phan Phu Luc.
e lam li toa o, ta phai s dung mot trong nhng tnh nang m rong nay.
Cach lam li toa o nh sau:
- Chon File > Run MapBasic Program; theo mac nh, MapInfo se vao th muc Tools.
- Chon GRIDMAKR roi chon Open.
- Menu Tools m ra. Tren menu nay co mot so nut, nut dung e lam li toa o la
nut hnh qua a cau
. Nhap chuot chon nut nay.
Chu y: Khi cai at MapInfo, nut lenh Mapping Wizard Tool c thiet lap t khi ong
khi khi ong MapInfo. Nut lenh nay cung nam tren thanh cong cu Tools va co bieu tng
giong het nut lenh tao li toa o. Ta ch co the phan biet chung bang cach di chuyen
con tro len hai nut lenh nay, luc o mot nhan InfoTips nhay ra hien ten cua nut lenh o.
Mot nut co ten la Create Grid va nut kia co ten la Run Mapping Wizard Tool. Neu cam
thay bat tien (v ta t khi s dung en nut lenh Mapping Wizard Tool), ta co the tat no i
bang cach sau: T menu chnh chon Tools > Tool Manager va bo chon hai cot Loaded
va Autoload tai hang Mapping Wizard Tool i roi chon OK.
- Khi di chuyen con tro tr lai ca so ban o, ta thay con tro chuot bien thanh hnh
dau cong.
- Tng t nh chon vung hien th, ta gi nut chuot trai va re chuot theo ng cheo
qua vung ta muon lam li toa o, hop thoai Create Regular Grid (Version 1.1.) m
ra. Gia s trong trng hp nay chung ta cung lam li toa o cho phan ban o ma
chung ta ang trnh bay.
- Trong phan Object Types, ta chon Straight Polylines, phan Objects Styles, ta co
the chnh kieu ng cho li toa o. Gia s ta chon kieu ng t khuc ngan.
- Trong o Spacing between lines, ta phai xac nh khoang cach gia hai ng li
toa o lien nhau, n v tnh co the bang o (degrees, bang feet hay bang met; ta
chon degrees va nap gia tr la 1 (o). Xong chon OK.
- MapInfo se hien th mot hop thoai t ong tnh toan so o li toa o se c ve cach
eu nhau mot gia tr ma ta nap vao o Spacing between lines. Neu ng y vi so lng
o li toa o th ta chon OK, neu khong ta co the chon Cancel e nap lai gia tr trong
o Spacing between lines. Trong v du nay gia s MapInfo se hien th cau hoi:
Confirming creating grid with 42 cells (chap nhan tao li co 42 o?). Ta ong y va
nhan chuot chon OK.
MapInfo se hien th mot ca so thong bao (hnh VIII.11) co y ngha la: ng dung
Trang 97
nay se tao ra mot bang mi e lu tr li toa o. Khi ban nhap chuot chon OK, mot
hop thoai m ra se hoi ban chon ten va v tr e lu lai bang mi nay
- Chon OK, hop thoai Create New Table to Store Grid m ra.
- Chon th muc e lu bang mi nay trong o Save In, at ten cua bang li toa o
Hnh VIII.11. Hop thong bao tao li toa o cua MapInfo.

trong o File name. Gia s ta at ten li toa o nay la luoi_1_do.
- Chon OK.
Tren ca so ban o se xuat hien mot li toa o. Neu cam thay ng y, ta chon lenh
lu e lu lai li toa o mi tao thanh.
Thc chat trnh ng dung nay ve cac vat the kieu ng cach eu nhau theo
khoang cach ta quy nh cho no, ong thi toa o cua moi ng li toa o cung c
lu lai trong bang d lieu cua lp nay. Neu chon Window > New browser Window va
chon lp luoi_1_do, ta thay rang bang d lieu cua lp nay bao gom hai cot, mot cot co
ten la Degrees, cot kia la DMS. Y ngha cua hai cot nay nh sau:
- Cot Degrees: toa o cua cac ng li toa o c nap vao va tnh bang o thap
phan, tuy nhien trong trng hp nay v khoang cach ta nap trong o Spacing
between lines la 1 (o) nen toa o trong cot nay khong co so le.
- Cot DMS: toa o cua cac ng li toa o c tnh bang o - Phut - Giay
(Degeree - Minute - Second)
D lieu trong bang nay hoan toan giong vi cac bang MapInfo bnh thng va ta
co the ap dung lenh dan nhan e a toa o len hien th tren ban o.
Ta a toa o len li tren ca so ban o nh sau:
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control.
- anh dau chon vao cot dan nhan
-
hang luoi_1_do.
Nhap chuot chon nut Label.

Trong o Label with, chon DMS.
Trong phan Styles, chnh kieu ch la Halo va chon None phan Label lines.
Chon OK hai lan.
Ta se thay rang cac nhan toa o c dan len. Khi thc hien dan nhan toa o t
ong, MapInfo dan nhan ngay gia trung tam cua ca so ban o (hnh VIII.12). Cach
dan nhan t ong kieu nay kha bat tien v no chiem phan khong gian hien th noi dung
cua ban o. Thong thng th cac toa o cua li toa o nen c at canh mep cua
Trang 98
Hnh VIII.12. Nhan cua li toa o lam theo phng phap t ong.
Hnh VIII.13. Va nhan cua li toa o lam thu cong.
Trang 99
ban o. Neu muon lam nh vay th ta phai dan nhan thu cong. Cach lam nh sau:
- Bo chon trong cot dan nhan cua hang luoi_1_do.
- Nhap chuot vao nut Label.
- Trong o Label with chon DMS.
- Trong phan kieu ch cho nhan, chon kieu va c ch cho phu hp, nh chon Halo
e nhan noi tren nen ban o, anh dau chon vao o None trong phan Label lines.
- Chon OK hai lan
- Chon nut dan nhan
- Nhap chuot len mot ng li toa o, vung gan mep ban o, ta thay nhan xuat
hien.
- Lan lt nhap chuot len tng ng li toa o nao ma ta muon dan nhan
Thong thng th nhan toa o nen at mot ben cua ban o, v du cac nhan cho
li kinh o at mep tren cua ban o con cac nhan cho li v o nen at mep trai
cua ban o. Ket qua co the trong nh tren hnh VIII.13. Co the ieu chnh v tr cac
nhan cua li toa o them e cho chung khong choan mat noi dung cua ban o.
VIII.7. THC TY LE
Thc ty le cung c tao bang mot ng dung m rong cua MapBasic. Cach lam
nh sau:
- Chon File > Run MapBasic Program. Hop thoai Run Mapbasic Program m ra.
- Trong danh sach cac trnh MapBasic chon SCALEBAR, chon Open. Tren thanh
cong cu Tools xuat hien them mot nut lenh na co hnh cai thc ty le thu nho.
- Chon nut lenh nay
, di chuyen con tro chuot tren ca so ban o, con tro chuot
chuyen thanh hnh dau cong.

- Chon v tr at thc ty le va nhap chuot, hop thoai Draw Distance Scale in Mapper
(Version 2.7) m ra.
- Chon n v o cho thc ty le trong hop danh sach n v o khoang cach, v du
ta chon kilometers (kilomet)
Tuy theo ty le ban o hien tai tren ca so ban o cung nh kch thc cua ca so
ban o ma MapInfo t ong tnh toan kch c cua thc ty le cho phu hp. V du
trong trng hp nay MapInfo t ong nh c cho thc ty le la 100 (km). Neu
ong y th ta gi nguyen con neu muon thay oi thc ty le th ta co the go con so
khac vao o Width of Scale Bar. Ta co the chnh kieu ch cho nhan cua thc ty le
bang nut nh dang kieu ch va chnh mau cho thc ty le bang nut nh dang
vung.
- Xong chon OK.
ng dung nay se ve mot thc ty le tai v tr ta
nhap chuot ban au.
Thc chat th thc ty le bao gom 2 hai thanh
phan: phan ch la n v o khoang cach di
Trang 100
thc va cac tr so au, gia va cuoi thc, la vat the kieu ky t; phan thc la sau
hnh ch nhat c ve sat nhau (nh dang kieu vung). Ta co the nhap up chuot vao
ch kilometers hay cac con so va vao hop thoai Text objects e chnh kieu ch hay go
lai noi dung khac, v du ta co the sa ch kilometers thanh tieng Viet la kilomet hay
km.
V thc ty le cung la nhng vat the bnh thng tren ca so ban o nen khi c
tao thanh chung phai nam trong mot lp nao o. Trnh SCALEBAR t ong at chung
vao lp Cosmetic Layer. Neu muon s dung thc toa o nay lau dai cho viec lam ban
o khac sau nay ( cung khu vc) th ta co the s dung lenh Map > Save Cosmetic
Objects e lu no lai nh lu mot lp ban o bnh thng.
VIII.8. KIM CH NAM
Kim ch nam la bieu tng ch hng Bac. Thong thng ta nen at kim ch nam
chung vi thc ty le (at chung vao lp Cosmetic Layer). e cho co tnh tham my,
kim ch nam co the c at pha tren va ngay chnh gia thc ty le. Cach lam nh
sau:
- Chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chon cot chnh sa
Layer.
cua lp Cosmetic
.
- Chon nut cong cu ve iem
- Nhap chuot cham mot iem ngay v tr d nh at kim ch nam (mac nh kieu bieu
tng la hnh ngoi sao mau en, c 12, tuy nhien co the thay oi trong qua trnh
lam ban o neu trc o ta nh dang kieu bieu tng khac).
- Chon nut cong cu chon
tr lai.
- Nhap chuot len bieu tng mi tao e chon no.

- Chon nut nh dang kieu bieu tng
tren thanh cong cu Drawing, hop thoai
Symbol Style m ra.

- Trong o Font chon MapInfo Arrows, trong bo bieu tng nay co 10 bieu tng kim
ch nam cho ta chon (xem them trong phan Phu Luc), chon kieu bieu tng ta
muon.
- Chnh kch thc bieu tng trong o Size bieu tng; e y s thay oi kch thc
bieu tng trong phan Sample, chon c bieu tng sao cho can oi vi ca so ban
o ang m.
- Chon nen cho bieu tng trong phan Background, Halo co le la tuy chon ep nhat.
- Ta cung co the chon hieu ng cho bieu tng trong phan Effects nh Drop Shadows
(o bong) hay Bold (am).
- Xong chon OK.
Kim ch nam c hoan tat. Co the nhap chuot trai len no va re chuot e di chuyen
v tr sao cho phu hp.
Ta co the lu cac trnh bay nay lai thanh mot bang rieng bang lenh Map > Save
Trang 101
Cosmetic Objects. Neu thc hien lenh File > Save Workspace th cac vat the trong lp
Cosmetic van c gi nguyen khi m tap tin workspace lan sau.
VIII.9. CHUAN B BAN O TRONG CA SO Layout
Nh vay ban o a c trnh bay mot cach tng oi ay u. Phan tiep theo ta
se sap xep cac thanh phan cua ban o len ca so Trnh bay e co ket qua cuoi cung.
Cach lam nh sau:
- Windows > New Layout Window, hop thoai New Layout Window m ra.
- V trong phan nay ta ch m mot ca so ban o nen trong hop thoai nay ta chon One
Frame for Window va chon luoi_1_do, thanh_pho,...,cac_tinh Map.
- Chon OK.
Ca so Layout c m ra vi ca so ban o c trnh bay trong mot trang in
(hnh VI.16).
Lu y rang ta phai co cai at mot may in tren may tnh ang lam ban o th mi
co the nh dang trang in trong phan nay. Neu khong cai at may in th ca so
ban o se hien th tren mot trang ao va khi ieu chnh cac thanh phan ban o
trong ca so Layout chung thng hay nhay lung tung rat kho kiem soat. Ngoai
ra cac nh dang v tr khong c lu lai trong tap tin Workspace va neu m
ca so Layout a ieu chnh ra lan sau chung lai khong ung v tr mong muon.
- ieu chnh kho giay cua trang ban o bang lenh File > Page Setup cho phu hp vi
kho giay ta muon in sau nay.
Nhap chuot len ban o trong ca so Layout ta co the chon phan khung cua noi
dung ban o. Vi bon iem en khong che bon goc cua khung ban o ta co the gi
chuot trai tren cac iem khong che o va re chuot e ieu chnh kch thc khung ban
o. Khi ieu chnh kch thc cua khung ban o, phan noi dung ban o t ong phong
to hay thu nho theo khung ban o.
Ta cung co the ieu chnh phan noi dung ban o hien th bang cach thu nho ca
so Layout lai (khong ong), quay lai ca so ban o va ieu chnh ca so ban o sao
cho phu hp. Lam xong chon Window > Layout ( phan di cung cua menu tha xuong
nay) e hien th lai ca so Layout va xem ket qua. S ieu chnh phan hien th tren
ca so ban o se lam cho phan noi dung ban o hien th trong ca so Layout thay oi
theo.
Khi thc hien lenh Window > New layout Window, ca so chu giai hien hanh cung
c hien th trong trang Layout mot khung rieng. Tuy thuoc vao hnh dang cua
khung ban o trong ca so Trnh bay ma ta co the ieu chnh ca so chu giai sao cho
phu hp.
Bay gi ban o ch con thieu mot phan quan trong na la ten. Ta se di chuyen cac
thanh phan trong trang Layout e cha cho cho ten ban o tren au trang giay.
- Chon Query > Select All, tat ca cac thanh phan cua ban o (gom khung ban o va
khung chu giai).
- Gi phm chuot trai tren phan noi dung c chon va re chuot e di chuyen tat ca
sao cho phu hp vi trang giay va cha cho cho ten ban o.
Trang 102
- Chon lai nut nh dang kieu ch tren thanh cong cu Drawing, nh dang kieu ch
cho ten ban o.
- Chon cong cu go ky t, nhap chuot vao phan au trang ban o va bat au go ten
ban o. Go xong chon cong cu chon tren thanh cong cu Main e ket thuc viec go
ten ban o.
- Kiem tra lai xem ten ban o co phu hp vi kch thc ban o hay khong, nhap
chuot up len phan ten ban o e vao hop thoai nh dang kieu ch e chnh lai
c ch neu can; gi chuot trai tren phan ten ban o e di chuyen no en v tr phu
hp.
Ket qua cuoi cung co the nh tren hnh VI.14.
Neu a hai long vi trnh bay ban o, ta co the lu lai nhng trnh bay nay bang
lenh File > Save Workspace. Cach lam nh sau:
Hnh VIII.14. Ca so Trnh bay vi ban o hoan tat.
Trang 103
- Chon File > Save Workspace.

- at ten cho ban o trong o File name, v du ta go bdhc_bacvn, chon th muc e lu
tap tin nay trong o Save in; lu y rang nh dang cua kieu tap tin trong o Save as
type la Workspace (*.wor).
- Xong chon Save.
Nh vay nhng trnh bay cua ban o tren se c lu lai. Neu muon m ban o ra
e in sau nay, ta lam nh sau:
- Chon File > Open workspace, hop thoai Open Workspace m ra.
- Vao th muc a lu tap tin Workspace chon no.
- Chon Open th toan bo trang trnh bay ban o se c m ra lai.
Trang 104
CHNG IX.
TONG QUAT PHNG PHAP
SO HOA BAN O T ANH QUET
Trong cac chng trc chung ta a xem qua cach xay dng mot ban o so hoa
trc tiep t anh quet ang ky tren MapInfo. Chng nay he thong hoa lai cac bc
quan trong nhat trong qua trnh xay dng ban o so tren MapInfo t anh quet a ang
ky, mot qua trnh c goi la head-up digitizing, so hoa ngay tren man hnh.
IX.1. ANG KY ANH QUET
Ban o c quet vao may tnh bang may quet. Tren ban o phai biet toa o t
nhat 3 iem (tot nhat la t 4 iem tr len). Cach ang ky anh quet nh sau:
- Chon File > Open Table (hay Open a Table t hop thoai Quick Start).
- Trong muc Files of type ta chon Raster Image roi chon anh quet can ang ky.
- Chon Register trong hop thoai MapInfo e ang ky anh quet.
- Chon he quy chieu cho ban o bang nut Projection. He quy chieu chon phai giong
vi he quy chieu cua anh quet. Neu khong biet he quy chieu ma co toa o cac iem
khong che la kinh o/v o th chon trong Category la Longitude/Latitude va trong
Category Member la Longitude/Latitude (WGS84).
- Nap toa o cua cac iem khong che vao ban o trong hop thoai Image Registration
bang cach nhap chuot vao iem a biet toa o, hop thoai Add Control Point m ra,
nap toa o cho iem khong che vao hai o MapX va MapY (X la kinh, Y la v o).
Toa o nap vao phai c tnh bang o thap phan. Di chuyen ban o e tm iem
khong che bang hai thanh trt ngang va ng, phong to - thu nho ban o bang
hai nut cong va tr di ban o. Neu ang ky ban o khong co toa o, ta chon
he quy chieu la phi qua at (Non-Earth). Xem chi tiet trong Chng III, muc III.4.
- Sau khi nap toa o cac iem khong che xong, kiem tra sai so (tnh bang pixel - iem
anh). Quy oi sai so tnh bang iem anh ve kch thc thc e xem sai so co the
chap nhan c hay khong. Neu chap nhan c th chon OK trong hop thoai
Image Registration e m anh quet.
Chu y: Khi ang ky anh quet ma co mot iem nao o sai so nhieu nhng khong
the chnh sa bang cach thay oi v tr iem khong che hay thay oi toa o iem khong
che, hoac ta cung khong the tm c anh quet chat lng tot hn th nen tang them
so lng iem khong che. Cac iem khong che mi nen c them vao vung xung
Trang 105
quanh iem sai so nhieu ong thi them mot so iem khong che vao vung gia anh
quet. Xem chi tiet cach thay oi hay chnh sa anh quet a ang ky trong Chng
XVII, muc XVII.2.5.
IX.2. SO HOA BAN O
IX.2.1. Phng phap trc tiep
Tong quat phng phap so hoa nh sau:
- M anh quet a ang ky ra bang lenh File > Open Table.
- anh dau chnh sa
vao lp Cosmetic.
- Tien hanh so hoa ban o bang cach dung cac cong cu ve tren thanh cong cu
Drawing. Cac thong tin tren ban o can c so hoa theo nhom. Cac nhom vat the
c lu trong mot lp ban o phai co cung kieu e de quan ly sau nay.
- Khi so hoa xong dung lenh Map > Save Cosmetic Objects e lu cac vat the a ve
thanh mot bang MapInfo hoan chnh.
- Co the ch can ve vai vat the au tien la co the dung lenh tren e lu nhng g a
ve thanh mot lp va at ten cho no. Xong vao lai Map > Layer Control va anh dau
chnh sa vao lp mi lu roi quay lai ve tiep.
Quan trong: Mot ban o c so hoa t anh quet ang ky sai nhieu th hoan toan
khong the chnh sa c ma phai so hoa lai hoan toan v the neu ta co y nh so hoa
ban o trc tiep tren MapInfo theo phng phap so hoa theo anh quet th bc ang
ky toa o cho anh quet la rat quan trong.
IX.2.2. Phng phap tao bang mi trc
Cach so hoa ban o nh tren la cach lam co tnh chat trc quan. Ta co mot cach
khac e so hoa ban o. Phan di ay se trnh bay cach lam o.
Sau khi a ang ky anh quet, ta se tien hanh tao cac bang MapInfo mi (cha co
thong tin g). Gia s ta a ang ky ban o hanh chnh Viet Nam nh trong chng 2
va d kien so hoa cac thong tin sau: ranh gii nc Viet Nam, cac tnh, thanh pho th xa, song, vung lanh tho Viet Nam. Ta se tao cac tap tin MapInfo mi (nhng khong
co d lieu - tc cha ve g ca) nh sau:
- Chon File > New Table; hop thoai New Table m ra
- Hop thoai nay co 3 tuy chon (xem giai thch y ngha cac tuy chon trong phan phu
luc), tat anh dau chon trong tat ca cac tuy chon i.
- Chon lenh Create.
- Hop thoai New Table Structure m ra.
- Tao cac trng d kien cho lp ban o mi, v du oi vi lp ban o cac tnh se co
cot ten, ta tao trng ten, nh dang la Character, trng dien tch, ta tao trng
dien_tich, nh dang la Float,...
Trang 106
- Chon nut Projection e chon he quy chieu chon ban o. V ta so hoa ban o t anh
quet nen he quy chieu nay phai giong vi he quy chieu khi ang ky anh quet.
- anh dau chon vao muc Table is Mappable.
- Tao xong cac trng can thiet, chon Create.
- Hop thoai Create New Table m ra.
- Chon th muc lu lp ban o mi nay trong o Save In.
- at ten cho ban o mi trong o File Name.
- Chon Save.
Bang phng phap nay ta tao ra cac bang MapInfo e cha cac thong tin se so
hoa, v du ta se tao cac bang MapInfo la ranh_gioi, cac_tinh, thanh_pho, song, vietnam_vung giong nh cac ten trong Chng IV.
e so hoa, cach lam nh sau:
- M anh quet a ang ky toa o ra.
- M lp nh so hoa ra, trong o Preferred View chon Current Mapper. V du ta chon
m ranh_gioi. Lp ranh_gioi c m chung vi ca so ban o quet nhng cha co
g.
Co hai cach so hoa:
IX.2.2.1. So hoa thong qua lp Cosmetic
+ Chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chon chnh sa vao lp Cosmetic Layer.
+ Bat au so hoa ng ranh gii bang cach s dung cong cu ve ng e ve
cac chi tiet theo anh quet a m.
+ So hoa c mot luc chon Map > Save Cosmetic Objects.
+ Trong hop thoai Save Cosmetic Objects, thay v chon <New>, ta chon ranh_gioi
roi chon Save. Nh vay nhng g a ve trong lp Cosmetic se c chuyen len
lp ranh_gioi.
+ Nhan nut lu, hop thoai Save table m ra chon ranh_gioi roi chon Save e lu
nhng g a chuyen t lp Cosmetic vao lp ranh_gioi.
IX.2.2.2. So hoa trc tiep tren lp ranh_gioi
+ Chon Map > Layer Control.
+ anh dau chon vao cot chnh sa cua lp
ranh_gioi.
+ Tien hanh so hoa lp ranh_gioi bang cach s dung cong cu ve ng. Trong
qua trnh ve thnh thoang phai nhan to hp phm <Ctrl>+<S> hay chon File >
Save Table e lu lai nhng g a ve vao lp ranh_gioi.
* u va nhc iem cua hai phng phap tren:
S dung Cosmetic Layer: u iem cua viec s dung lp nay la trong qua trnh so
hoa, khi co chnh sa (cat, gop hay xoa) cac vat the th v chung la nhng vat the tren
lp Cosmetic nen khong co thong tin do vay cac lenh chnh sa c thc hien nhanh
Trang 107
hn. S dung lp Cosmetic con co mot u iem na la trong qua trnh so hoa nhng
ban o a so hoa mot phan roi th lp Cosmetic co tac dung nh mot lp ve nhap, ng
y roi ta mi dung lenh Save Cosmetic Objects e chuyen no sang lp can so hoa, neu
khong ng y ta co the dung lenh Clear Cosmetic Layer e xoa bo toan bo ma khong
anh hng en lp ban o a co thong tin. Nhc iem cua phng phap nay la sau
khi chuyen t lp Cosmetic len lp ban o can so hoa, ta phai tien hanh nhap lieu theo
3 phng phap se c trnh bay phan di ay.
S dung trc tiep lp ang so hoa: so hoa trc tiep len lp ang can so hoa co
mot u iem la ta co the nhap lieu ngay trong qua trnh so hoa (xem tiep phan di),
khong phai mat thi gian tm lai tng vat the e nhap lieu sau khi so hoa xong. Nhc
iem cua phng phap nay la khi chnh sa ban o trong qua trnh so hoa, v ta a tao
cac trng d lieu trong lenh File > New Table luc au nen moi khi chnh sa mot vat
the (cac lenh Combine, Split, Erase, Erase Outside) MapInfo eu hien mot hop thoai
hoi ta x ly d lieu nh the nao (xem lai chng V, chnh sa cac vat the trong qua
trnh so hoa). ieu nay lam cham qua trnh so hoa.
IX.2.2.3. Nap d lieu ngay trong qua trnh so hoa
Khi so hoa bang phng phap tao bang mi trc, trong qua trnh so hoa ta co the
nhap d lieu ngay sau khi ve xong tng vat the. Cach nhap d lieu trc tiep trong qua
trnh so hoa nh sau:
- Tao mot lp ban o trong cha co d lieu nh tren, tao cac trng can thiet, m ra
chung vi anh quet a ang ky.
- Chon Map > Layer Control, anh dau chnh sa vao lp can so hoa.
- Ve vat the au tien.
- Chon nut lenh Info Tool
- Nhap chuot chon vat the mi ve, hop thoai Info Tool m ra.
- Nhap d lieu vao cac trng cua vat the o.
- Chon cong cu ve e ve tiep vat the th hai; hop thoai Info Tool khong bien mat ma
khi ve xong vat the th hai no hien th thong tin cua vat the mi va ve xong.
- Nhap d lieu ngay cho vat the mi ve xong vao ca so Info Tool.
- Lai tiep tuc ve va nhap d lieu cho cac vat the mot cach tng t trong qua trnh so
hoa.
Cach nay giup tiet kiem thi gian nhap d lieu kha nhieu trong trng hp cac vat
the co thuoc tnh eu khac nhau nhieu cac trng. Tuy nhien oi vi mot so trng
ma cac vat the tren ban o co thuoc tnh giong nhau (chia thanh vai nhom thuoc tnh)
th nhap lieu cho nhng trng o bang phng phap Update Column (xem phan di)
nhanh va chnh xac hn. Mac du vay ta co the giai quyet van e ton thi gian trong
phng phap nay mot cach de dang bang cach ma hoa d lieu e tiet kiem thi gian
nhap lieu roi s dung lenh Update Column e phuc hoi lai d lieu goc sau nay mot
cach nhanh chong neu muon (xem them trong phan ma hoa d lieu chng nay).
So hoa ban o la mot trong nhng cong viec cc nhoc nhat trong qua trnh xay
dng ban o so v khoi lng cong viec thao tac bang tay tng oi nhieu va de gap
sai so. S cang thang trong qua trnh nhap chuot lien tuc e so hoa cac ng nh
Trang 108
vay thng dan en sai so.

e giai quyet van e nay co mot so giai phap:
- S dung d lieu cac nh dang khac va dch sang MapInfo. V du cac ban ve tren
AutoCAD hay cac ban o so cua Arcview, ArcInfo co the c dch sang MapInfo
ma khong can phai so hoa lai. MapInfo co trang b mot cong cu giup ta thc hien
ieu nay, o la ng dung Universal Translator. Chi tiet phan nay c trnh bay
trong chng ///.
- S dung cac phan mem so hoa t ong. Tren th trng co kha nhieu phan mem
so hoa t ong thng mai v du nh R2V. Nhng phan mem so hoa t ong
thng mai nay a phan la co tnh chuyen dung cao, khong pho bien trong gii
khong chuyen nghiep. Tuy nhien co mot phan mem so hoa t ong mien ph rat
tot, o la MapScan do Phan ban Thong ke cua Lien Hiep Quoc viet. Co the tai
phan mem nay ve t a ch :
http://www.un.org/Depts/unsd/softproj/software/mapscan.htm
Phan mem nay nho gon, ch ton vai Megabyte khi cai at nhng so hoa ban o rat
tot. So hoa t ong khong phai la muc tieu chnh cua cuon sach nay nen MapScan
khong c gii thieu ay. oc gia co the t tai phan mem nay ve t Internet va
nghien cu s dung. Mot ieu can ghi nh la neu ap dung phng phap so hoa t
ong th viec x ly anh quet lai la mot cong oan rat quan trong v neu khong x ly
anh quet tot, ket qua ban o c so hoa t ong co the b loi nhieu en noi cong
oan chnh sa lai ton thi gian hn ca so hoa bang tay. Kien thc ve x ly anh so
tren may tnh la rat quan trong e am bao viec so hoa t ong thanh cong.
- S dung may nh v toan cau e lap ban o. May nh v toan cau (GPS - Global
Positioning System) ngay nay ang tr thanh mot trong nhng thiet b c s dung
rat pho bien trong GIS. Vi may nh v ta co the ve ban o ngay tren thc a roi
chuyen d lieu o vao may tnh. D lieu chuyen vao may tnh co the a vao mot
c s d lieu n gian nh bang Excel hay Access hay tham ch gi nguyen la mot
tap tin nh dang kieu van ban (.txt) cung c. Sau o cac thong tin ve toa o nay
co the a vao MapInfo e len toa o tren ban o. e a cac thong tin ghi trong
GPS len may tnh, ta can co mot cap noi may nh v vi may tnh (thng la qua
cong COM, t 1 en 4) e tai d lieu, ong thi tren may tnh phai co phan mem
nhan c cac d lieu tren. Mot trong nhng phan mem rat n gian, mien ph, co
the giup ta tai d lieu t may nh v ve la phan mem Waypoint+, phien ban 1.8.03.
oc gia co the tai phan mem nay ve t trang web:
http://www.tapr.org/~kh2z/Waypoint
Lu y rang phien ban Waypoint+ 1.8.03 nay ch hoat ong tren cac may nh v cua
hang Garmin, mot loai may nh v kha pho bien nc ta, vi cac model sau:
Garmin 38, Garmin 40, Garmin 45, va Garmin 45XL, phien ban phan mem tren
GPS la 2.03, 2.32, 2.41 va 3.04; Garmin 12XL phan mem phien ban 2.01, va
Garmin 90 phien ban phan mem 2.05, Garmin 95XL, va Garmin 135 Sounder. Cac
model Garmin II (model Garmin II Plus khong chay c tren phan mem nay), III,
III Plus, va mot so model Garmin eTrex cung mot so phien ban phan mem cung co
the s dung Waypoint+, tuy nhien cac bieu tng tren may nh v khong c ho
tr. Model Garmin GPSMAP76 cung a c ho tr trong phien ban Waypoint+
v.1.8.50.
Trang 109
Khi s dung may nh v e a toa o vao may tnh roi sau o vao MapInfo, mot
trong nhng van e can chu y la he quy chieu. Tng t nh phan mem MapInfo,
tren may nh v co rat nhieu he quy chieu khac nhau. Khi muon a toa o tren
may nh v vao mot ban o nao o, ta phai chon he quy chieu tren may nh v va
tren ban o giong nhau, neu khong toa o t may nh v a len ban o se b lech.
Ngoai chc nang lay toa o vao may tnh, phan mem tren con co kha nang tai cac
toa o t may tnh vao lai may nh v e s dung trong cong tac thc a. V du ta
co the lap ke hoach ieu tra tren ban o trong MapInfo, sau o a tuyen ng
ieu tra nay vao may nh v e thc hien ngoai a ban, s dung may nh v giup
xac nh cac iem ieu tra cho chnh xac. Hy vong se co dp trnh bay cac van e
nay trong mot tai lieu khac.
IX.3. NHAP D LIEU VAO BANG D LIEU
Bang d lieu cua ban o c m ra bang lenh Window > New Browser Window >
<chon lp ban o can m d lieu>. Co the m mot phan d lieu cua mot lp ban o
bang lenh Query va chon nhng vat the nao muon xem d lieu bang cach s dung
bieu thc (xem them trong phan Bieu thc).
Trc khi nap d lieu cho mot lp ban o, can tao cac trng e cha cac d lieu.
nh dang trng phai phu hp vi d lieu d kien nap vao. Lu y rang khi nh dang
trng sai, hay noi cach khac, d lieu nap vao khong ung nh dang cua trng th
MapInfo khong bao loi ma ch thay gia tr sai bang mot gia tr khac (c goi la gia tr
toi - bad value), v vay phai can than trong khi nap d lieu cung nh khi s dung cac
lenh lien quan en thay oi d lieu, nh lenh Update Column chang han.
D lieu trong MapInfo co the c nap vao bang nhieu cach.
IX.3.1. Nhap d lieu t ca so Browser:
+ M ban o ra, chon Window > New Browser Window > chon lp ban o can m
d lieu.
+ Chon Window > Tile Windows e hien th ca so ban o lan ca so d lieu. ieu
chnh kch thc cac ca so sao cho thuan tien.
+ Chon mot vat the tren ca so ban o bang nut chon, ban ghi (hang) lien ket vi
vat the o c to en mep trai. Neu khong thay (v nam ngoai vung nhn thay
trong ca so Browser) th chon lenh Query > Find Selection, vat the c chon
se hien th trong ca so Browser.
+ Nhap chuot vao hang o va nhap d lieu cho cac trng. Di chuyen gia cac o
va cac hang bang cach s dung phm <Tab> hoac to hp phm <Shift> + <Tab>.
+ Chon mot vat the khac va lam tng t cho en het.
IX.3.2. Nhap d lieu bang lenh Update Column
Neu co nhieu ban ghi trong mot lp ban o co cung gia tr trong mot trng, ta
khong nhat thiet phai go lai nhieu lan ma co the nhap d lieu cho tat ca cac vat the co
cung gia tr mot lan bang lenh Update Column. Cach lam tong quat nh sau:
Trang 110
+ Chon cac vat the co cung gia tr cua trng d kien nap d lieu tren ca so ban
o bang nut chon, s dung phm <Shift> e chon nhieu vat the mot lan. Neu
chon nham vat the th co the gia <Shift> va nhap chuot lai len vat the chon
nham th vat the o se c kh chon.
+ Chon Table > Update Column.
+ Trong Table to Update chon Selection.
+ Trong Column to Update, chon trng can nhap d lieu.
+ Trong o Get Value from Table, gi nguyen thiet lap la Selection.
+ Trong o Value, go gia tr can nhap lieu vao. Lu y rang nh dang kieu ky t
(ch), ngay thang nam va kieu luan ly phai c at trong dau ngoac kep.
IX.3.3. Nhap d lieu bang lenh Info Tool
ay la lenh e xem d lieu cua mot vat the tren ban o bang cach chon vat the
o. Ta co the dung ca so Info Tool e nhap lieu cho ban o. Cach lam nh sau:
+ Chon nut lenh Info Tool
+ Nhap chuot len mot vat the tren ca so ban o.

+ Ca so Info Tool m ra, hien th cac trng cha gia tr cua vat the o.
+ Nhap chuot vao cac trng trong ca so Info Tool e nap d lieu cho vat the
c nhap chuot chon luc au.
+ Di chuyen lai ca so ban o, nhap chuot len mot vat the khac, ca so Info Tool
khong tat nhng hien th cac gia tr trong cac trng cua vat the va mi c
nhap chuot len, lai nhap d lieu vao cac trng cho vat the o.
+ Lam tng t cho tat ca cac vat the trong lp ban o o
Lu y:
+ Khi dau nhay chuot nam trong ca so Info Tool, co the di chuyen gia cac trng
bang phm <Tab> hay <Shift>+<Tab>.
+ Tieng Viet hien th khong ung trong ca so nay nen phai can than e tranh sai
chnh ta.
+ D lieu c nhap hay chnh sa trong ca so Info Tool cung se c lu lai
trong bang d lieu chnh cua lp ban o MapInfo o.
+ Cac trng nh dang kieu ky t, ngay thang va kieu luan ly khong c at
trong dau ngoac kep khi go gia tr trong ca so Info Tool.
Ngoai ra nh a trnh bay trong phan tren, ta co the nhap d lieu cho vat the ngay
trong qua trnh so hoa.
IX.4. CAC KIEU NH DANG CHO TRNG D LIEU TRONG MAPINFO
MapInfo cho phep nh dang cac trng d lieu vi cac kieu nh sau:
- Character:
Kieu ky t. Trng co nh dang nay c dung e cha d lieu kieu

ch, v du nh ten tnh, ten song, ten thanh pho,... Trng nay co the
Trang 111
cha toi a 254 ky t va co the cha cac ch so (lu y rang con so

nap vao trng c nh dang kieu ky t c coi nh la nhng ch
so (khong tnh toan c) ch khong phai la con so).
- Integer:
Kieu so nguyen. Trng kieu nay dung e cha cac so chan (khong
co so le). Gii han kch thc cua trng nay la t am hai ty (2,000,000,000) en dng hai ty (2,000,000,000). ay la gia tr c
lng tng oi. Khi nh dang trng theo kieu nay, gia tr mac nh
ban au cua tat ca cac ban ghi (hang) la 0.
- Small Integer:
Kieu so nguyen nho. Trng kieu nay co gii han trong khoang am
32,768 (-32,768) en dng 32,767 (32,767). Lu y rang trng nay
hoan toan tng t nh trng Integer nhng gii han nho hn do
vay MapInfo danh t bo nh hn en cha gia tr cua trng nay. Neu
ta chac chan rang gia tr ta nap vao nam trong khoang gii han tren
th nen nh dang la trng nay e giam kch thc tap tin cua
MapInfo. Khi nh dang trng theo kieu nay, gia tr mac nh ban
au cua tat ca cac ban ghi (hang) la 0.
- Float:
Kieu so thap phan co dau cham ong. Ta nen thiet lap nh dang la
trng nay neu khong biet chnh xac gia tr nap vao la so thap phan
bao nhieu, v du nh nhap d lieu vao trng bang cac lap cong thc
tnh toan t d lieu cua cac trng khac.
- Decimal:
Kieu so thap phan xac nh, co ngha la ta phai biet chnh xac gii
han con so thap phan nap vao la bao nhieu (tc la biet co toi a bao
nhieu so trc dau phay va bao nhieu so le sau dau phay). Khi nh
dang trng theo kieu nay, gia tr mac nh ban au cua tat ca cac
ban ghi (hang) la 0.
- Date:
Kieu ngay thang. Trng nay cho phep ta nap ngay thang vao. Gia
tr ngay thang nap vao phai theo th t he Anh - My tc la
thang/ngay/nam. V du neu ta muon go la ngay 12 thang 6 nam
1998 th ta phai go la 06/12/1998, neu ta go la 12/06/1998 th
MapInfo se hieu la ngay 6 thang 12 nam 1998. Dau phan cach ngay,
thang, nam mac nh tren he ieu hanh Window la dau xuyec xuoi
(/). Neu muon oi dau phan cach va th t nap ngay thang nam ta
phai ieu chnh trong he ieu hanh, phan Settings > Control Panel >
Regional Settings > Regional Options > Date. Neu nh dang trng
kieu nay th ta co the sap th t bang d lieu theo ngay thang c.
Neu ta ch nap hai gia tr la thang va ngay th MapInfo se t ong
nhap nam hien tai tren ong ho cua may tnh vao d lieu. ieu quan
trong la khi thay oi nh dang mac nh ngay thang nam th khi m
bang MapInfo o ra tren mot may tnh co nh dang ngay thang nam
khac th trng ngay thang nam co the se b mat d lieu v the nen
can than khi thay oi nh dang ngay thang nam.
- Logical:
ay la nh dang trng kieu luan ly. Trng nay ch co hai gia tr la

ung/co (c go la T hay t - Viet tat cua ch True) hoac
sai/khong (c go la F hay f - viet tat cua ch False). Khi nh
dang trng theo kieu nay, tat ca cac ban ghi (hang) eu co gia tr
mac nh ban au la sai (F).
Trang 112
Lu y rang khi nap cac so nguyen, ta co the go dau phan cach hang nghn. Neu
ta khong go dau phan cach hang nghn th MapInfo se t ong tao dau phan cach hang
nghn. Dau phan cach hang nghn phu thuoc vao nh dang cua he thong. Mac nh
dau phan cach hang nghn theo he Anh-My la dau phay (,).
Trang 113
CHNG X.
LAM VIEC VI LP
Nh ta a biet, ban o so cua mot khu vc thng c chia thanh tng nhom
da theo tnh chat cua thong tin tren ban o va c so hoa thanh tng bang rieng
biet. Khi muon hien th ban o ta ch m nhng lp can thiet ra ma thoi. Tren menu
chnh cua MapInfo, Layer Control (Kiem soat lp) la lenh cho phep kiem soat viec
hien th cac lp ban o. Ta se xem xet chi tiet lenh nay. Lenh Layer Control co tac
dung khi mot ca so ban o nao o ang c kch hoat.
X.1. CAC THIET LAP CHUNG CUA CA SO BAN O
X.1.1. Cac thiet lap chung
Trc khi xem xet cac lp ban o co trong ca so ban o cung nh cac ieu chnh
tren cac lp, ta can biet cach ieu chnh cac tnh chat chung cua mot ca so ban o
trc. Khi mot ca so ban o ang c m va ang c kch hoat, ta co the ieu
chnh mot so thuoc tnh cua ca so ban o o. Nhng ieu chnh nay nam trong lenh
Map > Options. Khi chon lenh nay hop thoai Map Options se m (hnh X.1), chung
gom co cac noi dung nh sau:
- Map Units: chon cac n v tnh toan trong ca so ban o. No gom co 3 o:
+ Coordinates Untis: chon n v tnh toa o. oi vi nhng ban o co he toa o
la kinh o/v o th n v trong o nay mac nhien la degrees (o) va khong the
thay oi c. Tuy nhien co mot so he quy chieu co the chon n v trong o
nay. V du ban o co he quy chieu la UTM th ta co the chon n v trong o nay
la degrees hay meters (met). oi vi nhng ban o co he quy chieu thuoc dang
None-Earth (phi qua at) th n v tnh toan trong o nay theo n v tnh luc
ang ky he quy chieu.
+ Distance Units: chon n v tnh khoang cach tren ban o. Cac n v thng
c s dung nc ta la millimeters (milimet), centimeters (centimet), meters
(met) va kilometers (kilomet).
+ Area Units: la o chon n v tnh dien tch. Cac n v tnh dien tch thng c
s dung nc ta la square millimeters (milimet vuong), square centimeters
(centimet vuong), square meters (met vuong), hectares (hecta) va square kilometers (kilomet vuong).
- Display in Status Bar: la o chon thong tin hien th tren thanh trang thai. Co 3 tuy
chon: Zoom (Width) - hien th so o chieu rong cua ca so ban o, Map Scale hien th ty le ban o va Cursor Location - hien th toa o tai v tr con tro chuot.
Trang 114
- Cac phan con lai cua hop thoai nay la Distance/Area Using, Apply Clip Region
Using, When Resizing Window, ... hoan toan giong vi hop thoai Map Window trong
phan Options > Preferences > Map Window Chng I, muc I.2.2.
Lu y rang cac thiet lap trong phan Options > Preferences > Map Window la cac
Hnh X.1. Hop thoai Map Options - ieu chnh cac thiet lap cua ca so ban o.
thiet lap co tac dung tren tat ca cac ca so ban o khi c m ra. Trong khi o cac
thiet lap trong hop thoai Map Options ay ch co tac dung tren ca so ban o ang
c kch hoat. Nhng thiet lap trong hop thoai nay se ghi e len nhng thiet lap trong
hop thoai Map Window phan Preferences, co ngha la gia s trong phan Preferences
ta chon n v khoang cach la kilomet nhng khi m mot ca so ban o ra ta vao hop
thoai Map Options va chnh lai n v la dam chang han th n v dam se co tac dung.
X.1.2. Lenh Clip Region - Cat vung
Khi m cac lp ra tren ca so ban o, nhieu khi ta ch muon hien th mot vung nao
o ma thoi ch khong muon noi dung ban o chay sat ra mep ca so ban o. Muon
hien th noi dung ch cua mot khu vc nao o, ta phai co mot vat the kieu vung cua
khu vc muon hien th. Cach thc hien lenh cat vung hien th nh sau:
- M cac lp ban o can hien th ra tren ca so ban o.
- Chon mot vung can hien th noi dung trong vung o. Vung o co the la mot vat the
Trang 115
cua mot lp co san hay la mot vung do ta ve them vao lp Cosmetic.

- T menu chnh chon Map > Clip Region.
Tat ca cac noi dung nam ngoai vung c chon eu b che i, ch hien th lai nhng
g nam trong ranh gii cua vung c chon (hnh X.2).
Muon tat chc nang nay i ta vao lai menu Map chon Clip Region Off, ca so ban
o se c phuc hoi tr lai nguyen trang ban au. Neu ta chon mot vung khac roi chay
Hnh X.2. Lenh Clip Region cho phep hien th ch mot vung tren ban o. 1: Tnh
Nghe An nam chung vi cac tnh khac; 2: ban o c cat bi tnh Nghe An
lenh Clip Region th mot hop thoai m ra (hnh X.3) hoi ta co bo vung cat trc va s
dung vung cat mi c chon hay khong. Neu khong muon bo, ta chon Cancel, neu
muon cat vung bang vung mi ta chon Replace.
Lenh nay ch co the cat vung bang mot vat the duy nhat. Neu ta dung phm <Shift>
e chon nhieu vat the mot luc th lenh nay b m i va khong s dung c. Clip
Region co mot so thiet lap tuy chon c ieu chnh trong hop thoai Map Options va
phan Options > Preferences, xem chi
tiet ve ieu chnh cac thiet lap c
che cat vung trong Chng I, muc
I.2.2.
X.1. HOP THOAI Layer Control
Ta vao hop thoai Kiem soat Lp
bang cach kch hoat ca so ban o
can ieu chnh roi chon Map > Layer
Hnh X.3. Thong bao hoi xoa vung cat cu.
Trang 116
Control hay nhap chuot chon nut lenh Layer Control tren thanh cong cu Main.
e thc tap phan nay, hay m cac lp sau ra: thanh_pho, giao_thong, song,
ranh_gioi, cac_tinh, vietnam_vung. Tren menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control. Hop
thoai Layer Control m ra (hnh X.4).
ben trai la phan Layer, liet ke danh sach cac lp ang m. Danh sach nay c
hien th theo th t t tren xuong di, co ngha la ten lp nao tren th lp o c
hien pha tren. Tuy theo tng ban o ma th t cac lp nay phai c ieu chnh sao
Hnh X.4. Hop thoai Layer Control liet ke cac lp ang c

m trong ca so ban o ang c kch hoat.
cho hp ly. Theo che o mac nh, lp kieu vung se nam di cung roi en lp kieu
ng va tren cung la lp kieu iem. Trong trng hp hai hay nhieu lp co cung kieu
th ta phai chon cach sap xep lp sao cho hp ly.
Trong v du nay, ta thay co hai lp kieu vung la lp cac_tinh va lp vietnam_vung.
Ta phai e lp cac_tinh nam tren v neu nam di th no se b lp vietnam_vung che
khuat.
Ta co 3 lp kieu ng trong v du nay la song, giao_thong va ranh_gioi. Chung
ta hay phan tch xem sap lp chung nh the nao cho hp ly. Lp ranh_gioi la mot
ng tng trng cho ranh gii lanh tho cua nc Viet Nam, ng giao thong hay
song suoi la nhng ng hien hu thc s v vay chung phai nam tren. Gia ng
giao thong va song suoi, ta thay rang nhng cho nao ma ng giao thong va song
suoi cat nhau th ng giao thong phai nam tren (v cho cat nhau co the la co cau
va cau th phai nam tren song suoi). Nh vay trong 3 lp kieu ng ta nen sap lp
theo th t t tren xuong di la giao_thong, song va ranh_gioi.
thanh_pho la lp kieu iem va cac lp kieu iem c at tren cung. Khi co nhieu
lp kieu iem c m cung mot luc, ta cung phai chon cach sap xep cho hp ly.
Trang 117
Th t cac lp tat nhien con phu thuoc vao noi dung ban o ta muon trnh bay.
Noi dung can trnh bay phai c hien th ro nhat.
e thay oi th t tren-di cua mot lp, ta chon ten lp o roi nhap chuot vao
hai nut Up hay Down trong phan Reorder e di chuyen lp c chon len hay xuong.
Ta cung co the i chuyen lp nhanh hn bang cach nhap va gi chuot trai tren ten
cua mot lp va re chuot e di chuyen lp o len hay xuong.
Tren cung cua tat ca cac lp ban o ang c m la mot lp co ten la Cosmetic
Layer. ay la mot lp mac nh luon luon hien th. Lp nay co tac dung nh mot lp
bo sung cho phep them nhng phan khong nhat thiet phai co trong tng lp (thc
ty le, kim ch nam,...) nhng lai can thiet khi in an chang han. Cosmetic Layer con co
tac dung nh mot lp nhap cho phep ta them bt thong tin, chnh sa trc khi
chuyen chung thc s len mot lp nao khac. Cosmetic co ngha la trang iem. Cac
vat the o hoa tren lp Cosmetic khong co d lieu.
X.2. THIET LAP TNH CHAT CUA LP TRONG CA SO BAN O
Tren hop thoai Layer Control, ben phai ten cua moi lp ta thay co 4 o chon tng
ng vi cac cot co cac bieu tng t trai sang phai la hnh con mat, hnh cay viet, hnh
mui ten chon va hnh mot cai nhan mau vang. Cac cot nay cho phep ta chon tnh chat
hien th cua mot lp. Ta bat/tat cac o chon nay bang cach nhap chuot vao chung.
X.2.1. Hien th lp - O Visible
Cot co bieu tng hnh con mat
la cot hien th lp (Visible). Neu ta tat chon
trong o nay lp nao th lp o se khong c hien th tren ca so ban o. Theo mac
nh, lp Cosmetic Layer luon luon c hien th tren ca so ban o, ta khong the thay
oi ac tnh nay va o chon nay hang Cosmetic Layer b m i.
X.2.2. Chnh sa ban o - O Editable
Cot co hnh cay viet
la cot cho phep chnh sa (Editable). Neu hang nao c
anh dau chon vao cot nay th lp ban o o co the chnh sa c, tc la co the ve
them/xoa bt hay chnh sa cac vat the tren lp ban o o. Vao mot thi iem ch co
mot lp co the c anh dau chon vao o nay.
X.2.3. Chon vat the tren ban o - O Selectable
Cot th ba la cot cho phep chon noi dung trong mot lp nao o
(Selectable).
Lp nao c anh dau vao o nay th ta co the chon c cac vat the nam trong lp
o bang cong cu chon tren thanh cong cu Main. Khi ta m cac lp ban o th mac
nh o nay luon luon c bat. ay la mot tuy chon co li trong viec chnh sa ban
o. Ta co the muon mot lp hien th tren ca so ban o nhng khong muon chon
nham vao cac vat the tren lp o v ang chnh sa tren mot lp khac th co the tat
tuy chon nay i trong cac lp ch can hien th. Theo mac nh khi nhieu vat the thuoc
nhieu lp ban o nam tren cung mot v tr th luc chon, vat the thuoc lp tren cung se
c chon.
Trang 118
X.2.4. Dan nhan t ong - O Automatic Labelling

Cot th t la cot dan nhan t ong
(Automatic labelling). Khi anh dau chon
vao o nay th nhan trong mot trng nao o hang c chon se c hien th. Ta se
thao luan chi tiet lenh nay trong phan Label. Khi ieu chnh cac thiet lap trong nut lenh
Label, ta phai anh dau chon vao o nay th cac nhan mi c hien th. Neu ta tat chon
trong o nay th cac nhan t ong se khong c hien th tren ca so ban o.
X.3. THEM/BT LP VAO CA SO BAN O HIEN HANH
goc di ben trai cua hop thoai Layer Control la phan Layers vi hai nut chon
Add va Remove cho phep ta them/bt lp vao mot ca so ban o. Nut Remove cho
phep loai lp c chon ra khoi danh sach hien th trong hop thoai nay. Ta bo mot lp
ra khoi danh sach bang cach nhap chuot chon lp o roi nhan nut Remove. Khi loai
mot lp ra khoi danh sach trong hop thoai Layer Control, lp ban o o se bien mat
tren ca so ban o tng ng. Lu y rang nut lenh nay ch loai mot lp ban o ang
c chon ra khoi ca so hien hanh ma thoi, lp ban o o khong b ong lai ma van
ton tai trong MapInfo. Nut Add la nut ngc lai, cho phep ta them mot lp ban o vao
ca so ban o ang c kch hoat. Khi chon nut nay, hop thoai Add Layer m ra (hnh
X.5). Hop thoai nay liet ke danh
sach tat ca cac lp ban o ang
c m. Ta them mot lp ban
o vao bang cach chon no roi
nhan nut Add.
Ben phai hop thoai Layer
Control co mot so nut lenh khac.
Hai nut lenh OK va Cancel nam
tren cung, chung co y ngha
tng t nh moi hop thoai khac,
tc OK la chap nhan cac thiet lap
trong hop thoai va Cancel la huy
bo cac thiet lap va thc hien.
Hnh X.5. Hop thoai Add Layer - Them lp.
X.4. THIET LAP KIEU VAT THE

HIEN TH CUA LP
Nut lenh Display cho phep chnh kieu vat the hien th cua mot lp. Cach lam: chon
ten lp o trong danh sach ben trai roi nhan vao nut Display. Hop thoai co dang <ten
lp c chon> Display Options m ra (hnh X.6).
Trong phan Display Mode ta co the chnh sa kieu vat the cua lp c chon. Tuy
chon Style Override theo mac nh c tat i. Neu ta anh dau chon vao o nay, nut
chnh kieu vat the di se noi ro len. Nut nay la nut chnh kieu iem, ng hay vung
tuy thuoc vao lp ban o ang c chon. V du neu ta chon lp song th phan nay se
la nut chnh kieu ng. Gia s ta nhap chuot chon nut nay va chnh kieu ng cua
lp song thanh mau xanh dng chang han. Khi ta chnh kieu vat the trong lenh nay,
kieu vat the goc cua lp ban o ang c chon khong b thay oi g ca. S thay oi
ch co tac dung trong ca so ban o ang c kch hoat ma thoi.
Trang 119
Phan tiep theo la phan Zoom Layering.

Phan nay cho phep ta chnh che o hien
th cua lp ban o ang c chon trong
mot gii han o phong ai nao o. Theo
mac nh, tuy chon nay cung c tat i.
o phong ai trong hai o Min. Zoom va
Max. Zoom la gia tr tng ng vi o
phong ai hien tren thanh Trang thai
(Status Bar) ngoai ca so ban o. Gia tr
hien th la khoang cach tnh theo chieu
ngang cua ca so ban o hien hanh. Khi ta
khai bao gia tr vao hai o nay (Min. Zoom la
o phong ai nho nhat va Max. Zoom la
ln nhat) th khi phong to hay thu nho ban
o ra ngoai khoang gii han c khai bao
th lp ban o ang c chon b tat i.
ay la mot ac tnh cung kha hu ch
khi m nhieu lp ban o vi nhieu mc o
chi tiet khac nhau. Ta co the chnh e cho
nhng lp ban o nao co o chi tiet cao
hien th o phong ai ln (tc gia tr Min.
Zoom va Max. Zoom nho). Nh o khi thu
nho ban o th lp ban o qua chi tiet o
se c tat i e tranh lam roi ban o.
Phan di cung cua hop thoai Display
Options la 3 tuy chon khac. Theo mac nh
3 tuy chon nay eu tat.
Hnh X.6. Hop thoai Display Options,

chon kieu vat the hien th trong
ca so ban o.
Show Line Direction hien th mui ten chieu ve cua cac ng. Lenh nay khong co
tac dung tren cac vat the kieu iem va kieu vung.
Show Nodes hien th cac not (tc cac iem oi hng, la cac iem nhap chuot
trong qua trnh ve). Lenh nay khong co tac dung tren cac vat the kieu iem.
Show Centroids hien th trong tam cua cac vung. Khi hien th trong tam va lp hien
th ang che o chnh sa th ta co the thay oi trong tam cua cac vat the neu muon.
S thay oi trong tam co li trong viec dan nhan cac vat the kieu vung va mot so lenh
khac. Chi tiet phan nay a c trnh bay trong Chng V, muc V.1.2.2.
X.5. NUT LENH Label - Dan nhan t ong
Nut lenh tiep theo trong hop thoai Layer Control la nut lenh Label. Nut lenh nay
cho phep ta dan nhan t ong cac lp ban o. Chon lp ban o can dan nhan roi
nhap chuot vao nut Label, hop thoai Label Options m ra (hnh X.7).
Phan tren cung la o Label with. Bam chuot chon mui ten tha xuong
ben phai
o nay se m ra danh sach cac trng co trong lp c chon e dan nhan. Nhap
chuot chon trng can dan nhan, ten trng o se xuat hien trong o Label with.
Phan cuoi cung trong menu tha xuong cua o Label with la tuy chon Expressions
Trang 120
Hnh X.7. Hop thoai Label Options, cho phep ieu chnh cac thiet lap ve nhan.
(Bieu thc). Bieu thc cho phep ta dan nhan t nhieu trng ong thi co the them
cac ch vao e bo sung cho nhan. e dan nhan bang bieu thc, nhap chuot vao ch
Expression, hop thoai Expression m ra, go noi dung can dan nhan vao o Type an
Expression. V du trong bang cac_tinh co trng ten va trng dien_tich, muon dan
nhan len ban o va ten va dien tch ta go vao hop thoai Expression nh sau:
ten + dien_tich
Gia s vi tnh ak Lak, nhan hien ra se la:
ak Lak19,800
Ten tnh va dien tch dnh chung vi nhau. e tach ten va dien tch ra, ta them vao
gi hai ten trng mot dau phay, bieu thc se la:
ten + , + dien_tich
(sau dau phay la mot khoang trang)
Nhan se tr thanh:
Trang 121
ak Lak, 19,800
Dien tch tnh bang km vuong, neu muon ch ro ieu o ta them ch dien tch
vao trc trng dien_tich va them ch km vuong vao sau trng dien tch nh sau:
ten + , dien tch: + dien_tich + km vuong
Nhan se tr thanh:
ak Lak, dien tch: 19,800 km vuong
Neu muon xuong hang cho nao, ta them ky t xuong hang vao cho o. Ky t
xuong hang co ma ANSI la 13. V du ta muon nhan hien len ban o la ten, sau o
xuong hang va hien len dien tch, th trong Bieu thc ta go nh sau:
ten + chr$(13) + Dien tch: + dien_tich + km vuong
nhan tren ban o se tr thanh:
ak Lak
Dien tch: 19,800 km vuong
X.5.1. Che o hien th nhan - phan Visibility
Phan tiep theo trong hop thoai Label Options la Visibility, dung e chnh che o
hien th cua nhan. au tien ta co hai tuy chon la On (bat) va Off (tat) dung e bat/tat
nhan. Tuy chon Display Within Range tng t nh phan Display trong hop thoai Layer
Control, cho phep hien th nhan mot gii han o phong ai nao o cua ban o. Neu
gii han nay nam ngoai khoang gii han Display cua lp ban o ang c chon th
co the lp ban o o hien th nhng nhan lai khong hien th. Trong trng hp o dau
chon trong muc Display Within Range se co mau magenta (mau hong am) e thong
bao cho ta biet.
Ben phai hop thoai Label Options co cac tuy chon Allow Duplicate Text, Allow
Overlapping text, Label Partial Segments va o Maximun Labels. Theo mac nh ch co
tuy chon Allow Duplicate Text c anh dau. Neu tuy chon nay c anh dau th
ta co the dan cung mot nhan nhieu lan tren mot ban o.
Allow Overlapping Text cho phep cac nhan gan nhau c hien th chong len
nhau. Neu tuy chon nay tat th neu cac nhan hien th tren cung mot v tr th ch co
mot nhan hien ra ma thoi.
Label Partial Segments cho phep hien th nhan cua nhng vat the ma ch co mot
phan nho cua vat the o hien dien trong ca so ban o hien hanh. ac tnh nay ch
ap dung cho viec dan nhan t ong. Ngoai ra neu ta ieu chnh mot nhan th v tr cua
nhan khong the thay oi c neu tuy chon nay c bat len.
Maximum Label cho phep hien th mot so lng nhan nhat nh tren ban o. Ta
go so lng nhan ma ta muon hien th vao o nay. Cac nhan c hien th la nhng
nhan nam theo th t t tren xuong di trong ca so d lieu cua lp ban o o trong
qua trnh nhap lieu. Gia s nh neu ta go vao so 15 th se co nhan cua 15 hang au
tien bang d lieu c hien th.
X.5.2. nh dang nhan - phan Styles
Trang 122
Pha di ben trai cua hop thoai Label Options la Styles, dung e nh dang nhan.
Nut chon kieu ch cho ta vao hop thoai chnh kieu ch cho nhan. Pha di nut chnh
kieu ch la tuy chon Label lines (ng ch nhan). Co 3 tuy chon, None la khong hien
th ng ch; Simple cho phep hien th mot ng thang t nhan en vat the c
dan nhan; Arrow hien th mui ten ch t nhan en vat the c dan nhan. Ben phai 3
tuy chon nay la nut chnh kieu ng cua ng ch.
X.5.3. Quy nh v tr nhan - phan Position
Pha di ben phai cua hop thoai Label Options la muc Position, chon v tr hien
th cua nhan. Phan nay cho phep chnh v tr cua nhan so vi vat the c dan nhan.
Muc Anchor Point cho phep chon v tr tng oi cua nhan so vi iem neo (anchor
point) cua vat the c dan nhan. iem neo cua vat the iem chnh la vat the o,
iem neo cua vat the vung la trong tam cua vat the o, iem neo cua ng nam
chnh gia cua phan ng ang c hien th tren ca so ban o hien hanh. Co 9
v tr c bieu th bang 9 nut, hnh ch nhat mau o tng trng cho v tr nhan va
hnh thoi mau xanh tng trng cho iem neo cua vat the c dan nhan. V tr nhan
c chon bang cach nhap chuot vao mot trong 9 nut v tr tuy chon tren. Di muc
Anchor Point la tuy chon Rotate Label with Line. Tuy chon nay cho phep ta hien th
nhan xoay doc theo vat the kieu ng. Cuoi cung la o Label Offset, tnh bang point.
O nay cho phep ta xac nh khoang cach (tnh theo point) t nhan en iem neo. Gia
tr mac nh la 2 point.
X.5.4. Dan nhan thu cong - nut lenh Label
Trong hau het cac trng hp trnh bay ban o ta co the s dung chc nang dan
nhan t ong cua nut lenh Label trong hop thoai Layer Control. Tuy nhien trong mot
so trng hp, ta co the ch muon dan nhan mot vai vat the tren ban o ch khong
phai tat ca vat the trong mot bang. Trong trng hp o, s dung nut lenh Label tren
thanh cong cu Drawing tien li hn. Cach thc hien dan nhan thu cong nh sau:
- Kch hoat ca so ban o co lp muon dan nhan thu cong.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control. Hop thoai Layer Control m ra.
- Chon bang muon dan nhan thu cong roi chon nut Label. Hop thoai Label Options
m ra.
- Chon trng e dan nhan trong o Label with cua hop thoai Label Options. Lap bieu
thc neu can thiet.
- Thiet lap cac thuoc tnh cua nhan nh trong cac muc t X.5.1 en X.5.3 tren.
- Chon OK e quay tr lai hop thoai Layer Control.
- Khong anh dau vao o dan nhan t ong, chon OK e quay lai ca so ban o.
- Chon nut lenh Label
(hnh cai nhan mau vang) tren thanh cong cu Drawing.
- Di chuyen chuot tr lai ca so ban o, nhap chuot len vat the nao ta muon dan
nhan th nhan se xuat hien tren vat the o.
oi vi lenh dan nhan t ong, neu muon tat nhan tren ca so ban o, vao hop
Trang 123
thoai Layer Control va tat chon trong o Automatic Labelling i. oi vi nhan thu cong,
neu muon tat mot nhan, chon nhan o roi nhan phm <Delete> (gi phm <Shift> e
chon nhieu nhan mot luc). Neu muon tat tat ca cac nhan c dan bang phng phap
thu cong, t menu chnh chon Map > Clear Custom Labels. Mot ca so MapInfo m
ra yeu cau ta khang nh lai lan na muon xoa cac nhan thu cong, chon Discard va
tat ca cac nhan c dan bang phng phap thu cong eu b xoa i. Lu y rang cac
nhan c dan bang phng phap dan nhan t ong neu b thay oi tren ca so ban
o sau o (nh di chuyen, chnh kieu ch lai,...) th khi tat lenh dan nhan t ong i
nhng nhan nay khong mat i v khi chnh sa bang tay MapInfo a coi chung la nhan
thu cong. Muon xoa chung ta phai s dung cach xoa nh oi vi nhan thu cong.
X.6. NUT Thematic TRONG MENU Layer Control
Nut lenh nay cho phep ta vao hop thoai chnh sa Thematic Layer, tc lp ban o
chu e. Nut lenh nay ch hien ro khi co mot lp ban o chu e nao o c tao ra
trc o. Xem chi tiet cach tao ban o chu e va chnh sa trong Chng XIII.
X.7. HOTLINK (Lien ket Nong)
ay la mot nut lenh ac biet cho phep ta thc hien lien ket vi mot tap tin khac
hay mot a ch tren mang. Khi mot vat the ban o c lien ket vi mot URL (a ch
tren mang - viet tat cua ch Uniform Resource Locator) hay mot tap tin khac th vat
the o tr thanh mot vat the c kch hoat (active object). Nhap chuot vao vat the
chu ong bang nut cong cu Hotlink
(tren thanh cong cu Main) se khi ong tap
tin hay a ch tren mang tng ng. e lien ket mot vat the ban o vi mot tap tin
hay mot a ch tren mang trc tien phai tao ng dan en tap tin hay a ch o.
Cac bc tien hanh nh sau:
- M mot bang cua MapInfo co cha cac vat the ma ta muon lien ket.
- Tao mot trng mi co nh dang la kieu ky t (Character). Lu y rang kch thc
trng phai u dai e u cha ng dan ma ta se nap vao sau nay.
- Sau khi tao trng mi xong, m ca so Browser cua bang o ra va nap ng dan
en tap tin hay a ch ma ta muon hang o lien ket vao.
e chay lien ket nong, tien hanh cac bc sau:
- M lp ban o a tao trng vao mot ca so ban o ang c kch hoat hay kch
hoat ca so ban o co cha bang ma ta a tao lien ket.
- Trong hop thoai Layer Control, chon lp ban o co lien ket va nhap chuot chon nut
HotLink. Lu y rang nut lenh nay khong co tac dung khi ta chon mot lp ban o
chu e (thematic map), mot lp kieu li (grid) hay lp Cosmetic.
- Nhap chuot vao nut menu tha xuong
trong o Filename Expression va chon ten
trng ma ta a tao ra trong bc au. Neu v tr cua cac tap tin lien quan vi vat
the ban o la v tr tng oi so vi bang cha cac vat the o th ta anh dau chon
Trang 124
vao o File locations are relative to table location.

- anh dau chon vao mot trong ba tuy chon Labels, Objects hay Label & Objects. Cac
tuy chon nay se quyet nh viec cac vat the c kch hoat nh the nao e lien ket
vi tap tin hay a ch tren mang.
- Ta co the anh dau chon vao o Save Options to table metadata neu muon lien ket
nong nay c t ong kch hoat khi m lp ban o o ra.
Lien ket nong co the c s dung t ca so Browser hay ca so ban o.
X.7.1. S dung lien ket nong t ca so Browser
Nut lenh HotLink s dung c trong mot ca so Browser khi bang MapInfo ma ta
ang m d lieu o co thiet lap HotLink a c lu trong metadata. Neu mot trng
nao o co ten trung vi ten trng a c chon trong hop thoai HotLink Options th
bieu thc ng dan trong trng o se c gach di va nut lenh HotLink tren
thanh cong cu Main co the s dung c (hien ro len). Nhap chuot chon nut lenh
HotLink roi di chuyen chuot ve ca so Browser va nhap chuot vao ng dan gach
di trong ca so Browser se khi ong a ch tren mang hay tap tin tng ng trong
ng dan.
e thc hien lien ket nong trong ca so Browser, thc hien nhng bc sau:
- Trc tien thiet lap HotLink trong hop thoai HotLink Options va lu chung vao metadata (xem phan tren).
- M bang co cha lien ket nong a c tao vao ca so ban o hien hanh.
- M ca so Browser cua lp ban o o bang lenh Window > New Browser Window
va chon lp ban o can thc hien HotLink.
Neu bieu thc ch ten ng dan (Filename Expression) cua HotLink la ten trng
cua bang th noi dung trong trng o se c gach di. Neu bieu thc ch ng
dan dang phc tap hn th ta phai tao trng lien ket nong bang cac bc sau:
- Chon Browse > Pick Fields (nh kch hoat ca so Browser trc).
- Trong hop thoai Pick Fields, o Fields in Table list chon muc Expression, hop thoai
Expression se m ra.
- Trong hop thoai Expression go Bieu thc ch ten ng dan en lien ket nong
(HotLink Filename Expression) roi chon OK hai lan.
- Noi dung trong trng mi se c gach di va nut lenh HotLink se co tac dung.
X.7.2. S dung lien ket nong t ca so ban o
Lenh HotLink co tac dung trong ca so ban o khi ca so ban o o co cha t
nhat mot lp chu ong (active layer). Mot lp c goi la chu ong khi lp o c
anh dau co the chon hay co the chnh sa trong Layer Control va cac tuy chon
HotLink a c thiet lap trong hop thoai HotLink Options (ac biet la muc Filename
Expression trong hop thoai o).
e khi ong lien ket nong en mot a ch mang (URL) hay mot tap tin tren ca
so ban o, ta thc hien cac bc sau:
Trang 125
- Nhap chuot chon nut lien ket nong
tren thanh cong cu Main. Con tro chuot
bien thanh hnh ban tay.

- Khi di chuyen con tro chuot en v tr cua mot vat the chu ong, con tro chuot bien
thanh hnh ban tay gi hnh tia chp. Lien ket cua vat the o c hien th tren
Thanh Trang thai (Status Bar).
- Nhap chuot len vat the o hay len nhan cua no se khi ong lien ket en tap tin
hay a ch tren mang a c thiet lap cho vat the o. Neu co nhieu vat the nam
chong len nhau tai v tr ma ta nhap chuot th se co mot ca so nhac m ra cho
phep ta chon t danh sach cac vat the tai iem nhap chuot. Chon vat the ma ta
muon khi ong lien ket.
Ta se xem xet mot tnh huong cu the di ay.
Ta a co lp ban o 61 tnh thanh cua nc ta. Gia s moi tnh hay thanh pho co
mot tam anh so trong may tnh. Ta muon rang khi s dung lenh HotLink nhap chuot
len tnh (hay ten tnh) nao th may tnh se m hnh cua tnh o ra. Cach lam nh sau:
- M lp ban o cac_tinh ra.
- Chon Table > Maintenance > Table Structure > chon lp ban o cac tnh trong hop
thoai View/Modify Table Structure.
- Trong hop thoai Modify Table Structure, chon nut Add Field.
- Sa ten trng mi mac nh trong o Name cua phan Field Information thanh
Hinh_anh (hnh anh), chon kieu trng trong o Type la Character (kieu ky t) va
nh kch thc trng trong o Width la 50. Can nh rang chieu rong cua trng
phai u dai e cha ten ng dan en th muc cha hnh anh ma ta se nap vao
sau nay.
- Chon OK e hoan tat bc tao trng mi.
- Chon Window > New Browser Window > chon lp cac_tinh trong hop thoai Browse
Table trong trng hp ta m nhieu lp. Neu ch m mot lp cac_tinh th hop thoai
nay khong hien ra ma ca so Browse cua lp cac_tinh se m ra ngay.
- Chnh kieu ch trong ca so Browse lai cho ung thanh kieu ch tieng Viet (kieu
VNI-Helve chang han) bang nut chnh kieu ch tren thanh cong cu Drawing.
e de quan sat, ta ch e lai hai trng la ten va Hinh_anh, cach lam nh sau:
- Tren menu chnh chon Browse > Pick Fields
- Trong hop thoai Pick Fields, o Columns in Browser, ta chon cac trng khac roi
nhan nut Remove e loai chung ra khoi ca so Browser, ch e lai hai trng la ten
va Hinh_anh. Lam xong chon OK.
- Nap ng dan en cac tap tin hnh anh: Gia s ta co mot tam hnh chup thanh
pho Ha Noi, ten tap tin la HN.jpg; tap tin nay nam trong o a E, th muc Vietnam,
th muc con Hinh_anh. Tm en hang co ch Ha Noi tren ca so Browse, va nap
dong sau ay vao trng Hinh_anh:
E:\Vietnam\Hinh_anh\HN.jpg
Tng t nh vay ta nap ng dan en hnh anh cua cac tnh khac vao trng
Trang 126
Hinh_anh, neu co (hnh X.8).

Thc hien lenh HotLink nh
sau:
- m ca so ban o cua lp
cac_tinh ra bang lenh Map
> New Map Window.
- Kch hoat ca so ban o co
lp cac_tinh (neu can) roi
chon Map > Layer Control.
-
Tren hop thoa i Layer

Control, chon lp cac_tinh
roi chon nut HotLink.
- Tre n ho p thoai cac_tinh

HotLink Options, trong o Hnh X.8. Nap ng dan en mot tap tin khac vao
Filename Expression chon
trng kieu ky t trong ca so Browser.
trn g Hinh_anh; trong
phan Activate HotLink on, chon Labels & Objects. Neu ta chon mot trong hai tuy
chon kia la Labels hay Objects th lenh nay ch co tac dung khi nhap chuot tng
ng tren Nhan (Labels) hay tren vat the (Objects).Lam xong chon OK.
- anh dau chon vao cot dan nhan t ong
nut Label.
hang cac_tinh, nhap chuot chon
- Trong hop thoai Label Options, trong o Label with, chon trng ten. Chnh cac thiet
lap khac nh kieu ch, v tr nhan, ng ch nhan,... theo y muon (xem phan nut
lenh Label tren).
- Lam xong chon OK e ong hop thoai Label Options lai roi chon OK lan na e
ong hop thoai Layer Control lai.
Luc nay ta thay tren thanh cong cu Main, nut lenh HotLink co hnh tia chp mau
vang a hien ro.
- Nhap chuot chon nut HotLink, di chuyen chuot tr lai ca so ban o, con tro chuot
bien thanh hnh ban tay. Khi di chuyen en tnh nao a co nap ng dan en tap
tin hnh anh th hnh ban tay se bien thanh hnh ban tay cam tia chp. Neu nhap
chuot th hnh anh cua tnh o se m ra.
Lu y rang khi tao ng dan en mot tap tin nao o can am bao rang tren may
tnh phai co phan mem m c tap tin o, neu khong th tap tin o khong m c.
Tng t nh tren ta co the tao ng dan en mot a ch trang web nao o. Gia
s co mot trang web ve cac tnh cua nc ta, moi tnh co mot a ch trong trang web
o, ta co the tao ng dan cho HotLink, v du en trang thong tin ve Ha Noi, nh
sau:
http://www.vietnam.com.vn/ha_noi.html
V du tren la ng dan en trang web Viet Nam va dan en tap tin co uoi m
rong la .html ve thanh pho Ha Noi. Lu y rang trang web nay ch la v du, khong co
thc.
Trang 127
CHNG XI.
LAM VIEC VI CA SO TRNH BAY
Khi a co cac lp ban o so hoa, ngoai viec thc hien nhng phan tch va tm kiem
tren cac lp ban o so, nhieu khi ta cung can phai trnh bay ban o e in an hoac
hoac chuyen thanh mot tap tin anh chang han. Ban o c a vao mot ca so c
goi la Layout Window (Ca so Trnh bay). Ca so nay khong nhng trnh bay c
ca so ban o ma no con hien th c tat ca nhng ca so khac co trong MapInfo v
du nh ca so bieu o/o th, ca so d lieu, ca so chu giai,... Trong Chng VIII
chung ta a xem xet cach trnh bay mot ban o thong qua mot v du. Chng nay se
ban luan chi tiet hn ve ca so trnh bay.
Lu y rang trong chng nay, oi vi cac phan lien quan en nh dang trang trnh
bay, may tnh phai c cai at t nhat mot may in, neu khong cac nh dang trang
trnh bay cung nh v tr ten ban o va mot so yeu to khac c a vao trang trnh
bay co the se khong ung khi lu lai trong workspace va m ra lan sau.
XI.1. TONG QUAT
XI.1.1. Hop thoai New Layout Window
Viec tao ca so Layout c thc hien qua lenh Window > New Layout Window t
menu chnh. Khi chon lenh nay hop thoai New Layout Window se m ra (hnh XI.1).
Hop thoai nay co 3 tuy chon:
- One Frame for Window: m ca so Trnh bay co mot khung cho mot ca so mac
nh. ay la tuy chon mac nh va trong o ben phai se co ten ca so ang c
kch hoat.
- Frames for All Currently
Open Windows: M
ca so trnh bay vi tat
ca cac ca so ang
c m, moi ca so
c at trong mot
khung.
- No Frame: M ca so
trnh bay nhng khong
co khung nao.
Hnh XI.1. Hop thoai New Layout Window Tao ca so trnh bay mi.
Trang 128
Khung (Frame) la khai niem c s dung trong ca so Trnh bay, moi noi dung
t mot ca so nao o khi c hien th trong ca so Trnh bay se nam trong mot
khung.
XI.1.2. Ca so Layout
Gia s ta m lp ban o cac_tinh ra roi chon lenh nay, v ch co mot ca so ang
m tren tuy chon mac nh se hien ten ca so duy nhat la cac_tinh Map. Chon OK ta
se thay ca so Trnh bay c m ra (hnh XI.2).
Ten cua ca so nay la Layout. Ca
so ban o c chon (cac_tinh) se
c hien th trong mot khung co
ng vien mac nh mau en, net
manh c 1. Ben trai va ben tren cua
ca so nay co hai thc cho ta biet kch
thc cua trang trnh bay. n v o
kch thc mac nh tren hai thc nay
la inch (1 inch = 2,54 cm). Ta co the
thay oi n v nay neu muon. Xem
cach thay oi n v cua MapInfo trong
Chng I, muc I.2.1. Kch thc trnh
bay la kch thc trang giay mac nh
cua may in. Tuy theo thiet lap mac nh
cua may in cai at trong may tnh cua
ta ma kch thc trang trnh bay nay se
khac nhau.
Tren trang trnh bay ta thay phan
noi dung ben trong co mau trang va
ng vien cua trang trnh bay co mau
xam nhat. Phan xam nhat o la phan le
cua t giay. Neu ta keo phan noi dung
cua cac khung chm len phan xam nay
th phan o se khong c in ra. Xem
them trong phan chnh trang in pha
di.
Hnh XI.2. Ca so Trnh bay vi mot

khung hien th ca so ban o c
chon.
Nhap chuot len phan ban o tren ca so Trnh bay, ta thay mot khung hien len va
phan ben trong cua khung o c anh dau, bon goc co 4 iem vuong mau en.
Gi phm chuot trai tren cac cham vuong mau en o va re chuot th ta co the thay
oi kch thc cua khung hien hanh. oi vi ca so ban o khi thay oi kch thc
cua khung hien hanh th ban o trong khung o cung c phong to thu nho theo.
Gi phm chuot trai gia noi dung khung va re chuot th co the di chuyen khung.
Khi chon lenh Window > New Layout Window neu chon One Frame for Window th
ch co ten cua ca so ang c kch hoat, neu chon Frames for All Currently Open
Windows th tat ca cac ca so ang m eu c a vao (co the co ca so ta khong
can). Thong thng khi trnh bay trang in trong ca so Layout, ta co the can trnh bay
Trang 129
nhieu ca so khac nhau (ca so ban o, ca so chu giai, ca so d lieu, ca so o

th,..). Do vay khi a tao ca so Layout roi ta co the them cac ca so khac vao ca so
Layout bang cach s dung nut lenh ve khung
tren thanh cong cu Drawing. Xem
cu the cach s dung nut lenh nay trong phan v du di. Ta co the a vao trong
cac khung tren ca so Layout cac ca so ban o, ca so Browser, ca so chu giai, ca
so o th, ca so ca so Info Tool, ca so Statistics (thong ke) va ca so Message
(thong iep).
Lu y rang ta co the in trc tiep cac ca so ban o, ca so Browser va ca so bieu
o/o th bang cach kch hoat ca so can in roi chon lenh File > Print t menu chnh.
Tuy nhien oi vi cac dang ca so con lai ch co the in c khi a chung vao ca
so Layout.
Noi dung tren cac khung trong ca so Layout co tnh chat ong, ngha la neu thay
oi ca so chnh th noi dung trong khung se thay oi tng ng. V du nh neu a
vao khung mot ca so ban o, sau o kch hoat lai ca so ban o o roi phong to ban
o trong ca so o len th ban o tren khung trong ca so Layout cung c phong to
tng ng.
XI.1.3. Menu Layout
Khi ca so Trnh bay c kch hoat, tren menu chnh xuat hien mot menu con na
la menu Layout. Menu nay co mot so lenh cho phep chnh sa cac thuoc tnh cua ca
so Trnh bay. Chung bao gom cac lenh sau:
- Change Zoom: ieu chnh ty le hien th cua trang trnh bay trong ca so Layout. Ta
cung co the phong hay thu nho trang trnh bay tren ca so Layout bang hay nut
phong to-thu nho tren thanh cong cu Main.
- View Actual Size: Lenh nay ieu chnh ty le trang trnh bay ve kch thc thc (tc
kch thc bang vi kch thc luc in ra).
- View Entire Layout: lenh nay ieu chnh ty le cua ca so Trnh bay sao cho toan bo
noi dung c hien th kht trong ca so Trnh bay.
- Previous View: quay ve ca so Trnh bay trc o.
- Bring to Front: trong mot ca so Trnh bay co nhieu khung, khi nhap chuot chon mot
khung nao o roi chon lenh nay th khung o se c em len tren cac khung khac
(tc che khuat cac khung khac).
- Send to Back: la lenh ngc lai vi lenh tren, lenh nay chuyen mot khung c chon
ra pha sau cac khung khac.
- Align Objects: lenh nay cho phep ieu chnh v tr tng oi cua khung c chon
so vi cac khung khac hay so vi toan bo trang trnh bay. Lenh nay t khi c s
dung.
- Create Drop Shadows: khi chon mot khung roi chon lenh nay th mot hop thoai se
hien ra cho phep tao bong o cho khung c chon (hnh XI.3). Khai bao khoang
cach tnh t khung c chon theo chieu ngang (o Horizontal) va theo chieu ng
(o Vertical) roi chon OK th bong o se c tao ra. Thc chat lenh nay ve mot hnh
Trang 130
ch nhat ngay di khung c

chon va lech i ve ben phai va
xuong di mot khoang cach
c xa c nh trong hai o
Horizontal va Vertical. Khi tao
bong o xong ma di chuyen
khung c tao bong o i th
mot hnh ch nhat mau en lo
ra.
Hnh XI.3. Hop thoai tao bong o cho khung.
- Options: khi chon muc nay mot

hop thoai m ra cho phep ieu
chnh mot so thiet lap trong ca so Layout (hnh XI.4). Hop thoai Layout Display
Options co cac noi dung sau:
+ Show Ruler: anh dau tuy chon nay se hien th hai thc o ngang va doc nh
a trnh bay phan tren.
+ Show Page Breaks: anh dau tuy chon nay se hien th ng cham cham phan
cach gia cac trang Trnh bay (xem tiep phan Layout Size ben di).
+ Show Frame Contents: muc nay co 3 tuy chon lien quan en viec hien th noi
dung trong cac khung cua ca so trnh bay, bao gom Always (luon hien th noi
dung), Only when Layout Window
is Active (ch hien th noi dung
khung khi ca so Trnh bay c
kch hoat) va Never (khong hien
th noi dung khung). Khi chon
Never, phan khung ch hien th
ten cua ca so trong khung o va
khung c to mau.
+ Layout Size: cho phep ieu kch
thc ca so trnh bay. Cac o
Width va Height cho phep ta ieu
chnh so trang hien th trong ca
so Layout. Hai dong pha di
cho biet kch thc cua trang
giay hien hanh cung nh kch
thc tong cua tat ca cac trang
giay, trong trng hp chon hien
th nhieu trang giay trong phan
Width va Height tren. Thiet lap
hien th so trang nay kha thuan
li trong trng hp khung ban
o ma ta muon in ln hn kch
thc kho giay co trong may in
cai at tren may tnh. Trng hp
o ta bat che o hien th nhieu
trang len e co the dan trang ban
o tren nhieu t giay.
Hnh XI.4. Hop thoai Layout Display

Options - chnh cac thiet lap
hien th cua ca so Trnh bay.
Trang 131
+ AutoScroll: mac nh tuy chon nay c bat len. Khi c chon no cho phep
ca so Layout t cuon.
e hieu ro hn ca so Trnh bay, ta se xem xet mot v du di ay.
XI.2. V DU
Gia s ta muon trnh bay ban o 4 tnh cao nguyen mien nam Trung Bo la Lam
ong, ac Lac, Gia Lai, Kontum cung vi thong tin ve dan so, dien tch. Cach thc
hien nh sau:
XI.2.1. Chuan b ca so ban o
- Khi ong MapInfo, m bang cac_tinh. Ca so ban o co ten cac_tinh Map m ra.
- ieu chnh kch thc ca so nay sao cho no kht vi hnh dang cua nc ta. Ta
se dung ca so ban o nay e minh hoa v tr cua bon tnh nay trong nc ta
phan sau.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Clone View. Mot ca so th hai giong nh ca so au
c tao thanh. Neu e y thanh tieu e cua hai ca so nay ta se thay chung co
hai ten giong nhau nhng khac so th t la cac_tinh Map: 1 va cac_tinh Map: 2.
Gia s ta se ieu chnh hien th bon tnh trong ca so cac_tinh Map: 1. Nhap chuot
len thanh tieu e cua ca so ban o o e kch hoat no.
- Tren ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1 dung cong cu chon
ong, ac Lac, Gia Lai va Kontum.
e chon bon tnh Lam
- T menu chnh chon Query > Select. Hop thoai Select m ra.
- Trong o Select Records from Table, chon Selection, trong o Store Results in Table
ta thay ch Selection bang ch Bon_tinh_cao_nguyen (Bon tnh cao nguyen),
trong o Sort Results by Column ta chon trng ten. Xong chon OK. Ca so Browser
cua 4 tnh nay c m ra va la ca so c kch hoat.
- T menu chnh chon Browse > Pick Fields e m hop thoai Pick Fields ra. Trong o
Columns in Browser ben phai ta chon cac trng khong can thiet roi nhan nut
Remove e loai no ra khoi ca so Browser, ch e lai cac trng ten, dien_tich,
dan_so, chu_vi. Xong chon OK.
- T menu chnh chon Options > Text Styles hay chon nhanh nut
chnh kieu ch
tren thanh cong cu Drawing. Chnh kieu ch trong ca so Bon_tinh_cao_nguyen
Browser thanh tieng Viet.
- ieu chnh lai kch thc ca so d lieu cua bon tnh nay sao cho va u hien th
toan bo d lieu.
- Nhap chuot len thanh tieu e ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1 e quay lai ieu chnh
4 tnh tren ca so ban o ban o nay.
- Chon nut phong to/thu nho cung nh cac nut cong cu ieu chnh ca so ban o
khac tren thanh cong cu Main e phong ln phan bon tnh nay ra tren ca so ban
o hien tai bang cach gi phm chuot trai va re chuot t goc tren trai cua 4 tnh
Trang 132
nay xuong goc di phai roi tha chuot ra. Bon tnh nay c phong to het ca so
ban o.
- Tinh chnh lai ca so nay sao cho bon tnh chiem phan chnh trong ca so ban o.
Cac tnh nay la noi dung chnh cua ban o va e phan biet chung vi nhau tren
ca so ban o, ta se tien hanh to mau cho 4 tnh nay bang lenh Create Thematic
Map.
XI.2.2. To mau cho ban o
- Chon nut cong cu chon
roi gi phm <Shift> va nhap chuot trai len cac o vuong
ben trai trong ca so d lieu Bon_tinh_cao_nguyen Browser e chon lai bon tnh.
- Nhap chuot len thanh tieu e e kch hoat lai ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1. Nh
ng nhap chuot vao gia ban o v no se kh chon bon tnh ang c chon. Neu
l kh chon 4 tnh tren th ta phai dung cong cu chon e chon lai bon tnh nay tren
ca so Browser hay co the chon trc tiep tren ca so ban o.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Create Thematic Map. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map
- Step 1 of 3 m ra.
- Trong cot Type ta chon Individual, trong phan Template ta chon Region IndValue
Default, xong chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 m ra.
- Trong o Table ta chon Selection from cac_tinh (ch lam phan a c chon t bang
cac_tinh), trong o Field ta chon trng ten, xong chon Next. Hop thoai Create
Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 m ra.
- Nhap chuot vao nut Legend e m hop thoai Customize Legend ra. Trong phan
Legend, o Title sa ten mac nh la cac_tinh by ten thanh ch Chu giai va
chnh kieu ch ve tieng Viet cho ung bang nut chnh kieu ch
di o o.
Trong phan Range Labels chnh kieu ch cho chu giai thanh tieng Viet bang nut
chnh kieu ch. Tat chon trong phan Show Record Count pha di i. Nhap chuot
chon nut Style e chnh mau cua 4 tnh tren sao cho ng y. Xong chon OK e quay
lai hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3.
- Chon OK trong hop thoai nay e hoan tat viec to mau.
Ta thay 4 tnh nay c to mau ong thi mot ca so na c tao thanh la ca so
co ten Legend of cac_tinh Map: 1.
- ieu chnh kch thc ca so nay cho va u cha noi dung chu giai thoi.
Cho en bc nay ta co bon ca so c m trong MapInfo la cac_tinh Map: 1,
cac_tinh Map: 2, Bon_tinh_cao_nguyen Browser va Legend of cac_tinh Map: 1
(hnh XI.5). Ta se them mot so chi tiet na vao ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1 e
lam cho ban o ay u hn bang cach m them mot so lp ban o na.
- Kch hoat lai ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1 bang cach nhap chuot len tieu e ca
so cua no.
Trang 133
- T menu chnh chon File > Open Table. Hop thoai m bang hien ra. Trong o
Preferred View di hop thoai nay nh chon Current Mapper.
- Vao th muc co cac bang cua nc Viet Nam ta a tao trc o, gi phm <Ctrl>
va nhap chuot chon m cac bang song, giao_thong va thanh_pho. Cac bang nay
c m vao ca so ban o cac_tinh Map: 1. Ten ca so ban o nay luc nay se
oi thanh thanh_pho, giao_thong,..., cac_tinh Map. Lu y rang luc o ten ca so
ban o kia khong con so 2 na ma quay tr lai thanh cac_tinh Map v khong con
b trung ten na.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Layer Control. Hop thoai Layer Control cua ca so ban
o thanh_pho, giao_thong,..., cac_tinh Map m ra.
Lu y rang khi m hai ca so ban o th khi chon lenh Layer Control, ca so nao
ang c kch hoat th hop thoai Layer Control cua ca so ban o o m ra, v
the phai chu y.
- Nhap chuot chon bang thanh_pho roi chon nut Display ben phai. Hop thoai
thanh_pho Display Options m ra.
Hnh XI.5.
Bon ca so hien
ang c m
sau lenh tao ban
o chu e kieu
Individual cho 4
tnh.
Trang 134
- anh dau chon vao o Style Override va chnh kieu bieu tng cua cac thanh pho
thanh hnh tron mau o, c 10.
Lam xong tng lp nhap chuot chon OK e quay lai hop thoai Layer Control.
XI.2.3. Dan nhan cho ban o
- Dan nhan ten cac thanh pho: Chon lai lp thanh_pho. anh dau chon vao o dan
nhan t ong (bieu tng hnh cai the mau vang) nhap chuot chon nut Label e
m hop thoai thanh_pho Label Options ra.
- Trong o Label with chon trng ten; trong phan Styles cua hop thoai nay nhap chuot
vao nut chnh kieu ch e nh dang kieu ch ve tieng Viet cho ung - chon anh
dau chon vao tuy chon Halo cua hop thoai
chnh kieu ch, trong phan Label lines anh
dau tuy chon None; phan Position ben phai,
trong o Label Offset sa gia tr mac nh la 2
thanh 4 points. Lam xong chon OK e quay lai
hop thoai Layer Control roi chon OK lan na e
ong hop thoai Layer Control lai.
Ta thay rang ca so ban o nay a c ieu
chnh va c dan nhan len cac thanh pho.
- V trong ban o nay chu e chnh bon tnh
cao nguyen mien nam Trung bo nen ta co the
s dung cong cu chon va gi phm <Shift> e
chon cac nhan ten cac thanh pho nhng tnh
khac roi nhan phm <Delete> e xoa chung i.
Ket qua co the trong giong nh tren hnh XI.6.
Tiep theo ta se tien hanh to mau cho bon tnh
nay tren ca so ban o kia e lam noi bat v tr
bon tnh nay tren ban o Viet Nam.
Hnh XI.6. Ca so ban o 4 tnh

c them cac lp khac, dan
nhan va chnh kieu bang lenh
Style Override.
- Kch hoat ca so ban o cac_tinh Map bang

cach nhap chuot vao thanh tieu e cua ca so
o. Neu ca so b khuat khong thay e nhap
chuot ta co the kch hoat no bang lenh Window
> chon ca so cac_tinh Map di.
- Chon lai bon tnh tren trong ca so mi kch
hoat bang cong cu chon.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Create Thematic Map. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map
- Step 1 of 3 m ra.
- Trong phan Type nhap chuot chon kieu Individual, trong o Template chon Region
IndValue Default. Xong chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3
m ra.
- Trong o Table ta van chon Selection from cac_tinh.
- trong phan Field chon trng ID. Trong phan nay y o cua ta la to mau e anh
dau bon tnh cao nguyen o tren ban o Viet Nam. Ta muon 4 tnh o co cung
Trang 135
mau. Ta lai biet rang lenh Create Thematic Map to mau theo gia tr d lieu trong
trng c chon, v the neu ta chon trng nao ma bon tnh nay co gia tr giong
nhau th MapInfo se to mau bon tnh giong nhau. Trong trng hp nay, trng ID
la trng c tao ra mac nh trong qua trnh so hoa trc ay va tat ca cac gia
tr trong trng nay eu bang 0. V the neu ta chon trng nay th 4 tnh c chon
se c to mau nh nhau.
- Chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 m ra. Ta co the nhan
nut Style e oi mau neu muon. Trong trng hp nay chu giai mau can c to
la 4 tnh cao nguyen nen hay nhap chuot chon nut Legend e m hop thoai
Customize Legend ra.
- Trong hop thoai Customize Legend, phan Title, xoa dong ch cac_tinh by ID i v
khong can thiet. phan Range Labels ben trai, chnh kieu ch ve tieng Viet cho
ung bang nut chnh kieu ch.
- Nhap chuot vao gia tr 0 (gia tr cua trng ID) trong o di phan Range Labels.
Sa lai lai so 0 trong o Edit selected range here thanh v tr 4 tnh tren
Viet Nam; tat chon trong phan Show Record Count i. Chon OK e quay lai hop
thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 roi chon OK tiep e ket thuc lenh tao ban
o chu e theo trng ID cho 4 tnh tren.
Ta thay rang cac tnh tren a c to mau nh nhau tren ca so ban o cac_tinh
Map, ong thi mot ca so chu giai th hai c tao thanh co ten la Legend of
cac_tinh Map.
- ieu chnh kch thc ca so chu giai mi nay cho phu hp.
XI.2.4. Chuyen noi dung len ca so Trnh bay
Luc nay ta se bat au tien hanh a cac ca so nay vao ca so Layout. Ban o
chnh cua ta ay la ban o 4 tnh cao nguyen, tc la ca so ban o co ten
thanh_pho, giao_thong,..., cac_tinh Map. Ta tien hanh a ca so nay vao ca so
Trnh bay nh sau:
- Kch hoat lai ca so thanh_pho, giao_thong,..., cac_tinh Map.
- Kiem tra lai kch thc ca so cho phu hp, sao cho 4 tnh tren chiem phan chnh
trong ca so nay.
- Chon Window > New Layout Window. Hop thoai New Layout Window m ra.
- Gi nguyen tuy chon mac nh One Frame for Window va trong o ben trai ta chon
ca so thanh_pho, giao_thong,..., cac_tinh Map.
- Chon OK.
Ta thay ca so Layout c m ra co mot khung cha ca so ban o c chon
ong thi chu giai cua ca so ban o o cung c m ra trong mot khung th hai
(hnh XVI.7). Lu y rang ca so ban o c chon se c phong ln ra cho het
trang giay mac nh tren ca so Trnh bay.
Ta can khoang khong gian tren trang trnh bay nay e go ten cua ban o sau nay.
V vay ta can thu nho khung cha ca so ban o mi tren e co them khoang
khong gian tren trang trnh bay. Cach lam nh sau:
Trang 136
- Kch hoat lai ca so Layout mi tao ra

(neu can).
- S dung cong cu chon e nhap chuot
up len phan khung co ban o 4 tnh
tren. Hop thoai Frame Object m ra
(hnh XI.8).
- o cuoi cung ben phai tren hop thoai
nay co muc Scale in Paper va gia tr ty
le co dang 1 cm = ...km. ay la ty
le ban o tren trang trnh bay. Neu tang
con so trong o nay len th khung ban o
tng ng se thu nho lai. Gia s ta
chnh ty le nay thanh 1 cm = 25 km
(tc ty le ban o la 1:250.000) roi chon
OK. Ta can nh ty le nay e sau nay go
vao tieu e ban o.
Khung cha ca so ban o 4 tnh c
thu nho lai.
- Nhap chuot len gia khung ban o mi
ieu chnh ty le xong va gi chuot trai
roi re chuot e keo khung ban o o
vao gia trang trnh bay, nh cha
khoang trong tren au trang trnh bay
e go ten ban o sau nay.
Hnh XI.7. Ca so ban o c chon

cung chu giai cua no c m
ra tren hai khung trong ca so
Trnh bay.
- Nhap chuot len khung chu giai roi keo no ve goc di ben phai cua khung ban o.
Tiep theo ta se tien hanh them ca so ban o Viet Nam cung vi v tr 4 tnh tren
a c anh dau.
- Nhap chuot chon cong cu ve khung tren thanh cong cu Drawing (la nut cong cu
hnh vuong vien vang). Lu y rang nut cong cu nay ch s dung c khi ca so
Layout c kch hoat.
- Di chuyen con tro chuot tr lai ca so Layout, con tro chuot bien thanh hnh dau
cong. Gi phm chuot trai va re chuot e tao thanh mot hnh ch nhat tren trang
trnh bay v tr nao cung c. Khi tha chuot ra, hop thoai Frame Object se nhay
ra.
- o Window tren cung ta chon ca so ban o cua nc Viet Nam co ten la cac_tinh
Map. Xong chon OK. Khung mi c ve se co ca so ban o nc Viet Nam vi
4 tnh tren c anh dau.
- Nhap chuot len chon khung mi tao thanh e lam xuat hien 4 iem khong che
khung. Gi chuot trai tren cac iem khong che roi re chuot e ieu chnh kch
thc khung sao cho no hien th c toan bo nc Viet Nam. Nhap chuot up len
khung nay e ieu chnh ty le lai sao cho no ch chiem khoang 1/4 goc tren phai
cua khung ban o kia. Gi chuot trai gia khung nay va keo no ve sat goc tren
phai cua khung ban o kia.
- S dung lenh ve khung tng t nh tren e chen cac ca so chu giai cua ca so
Trang 137
cac_tinh Map (co ten la Legend of cac_tinh Map) cung nh ca so bang d lieu cua
bon tnh tren (tc ca so Bon_tinh_cao_nguyen Broswer), ieu chnh kch thc
cua chung va di chuyen chung en cac v tr thch hp.
- Go tieu e cua ban o: kch hoat lai ca so Layout neu can. Nhap chuot chon cong
cu anh ky t va nhap chuot len ca so tieu e va go ten tieu e cua ban o, v
Hnh XI.8. Hop thoai Frame Object e chnh ty le ban o trong khung.
du nh Ban o bon tnh cao nguyen nam Trung bo. Sau khi go ten
ban o xong, dung cong cu chon e chon lai ten ban o o roi chon nut chnh kieu
ch e chnh lai cho phu hp. Ta cung co the dung cong cu chon nhap chuot len
thanh tieu e gi phm chuot trai va re chuot e di chuyen tieu e ban o neu
muon. Ket qua cuoi cung co the trong giong nh tren hnh XI.9.
- e lu lai ket qua trnh bay nay, t menu chnh chon File > Save Workspace, chon
th muc lu tap tin workspace va at ten cho phien lam viec roi nhan nut Save.
Lan sau ta ch can m tap tin workspace ra bang lenh File > Open workspace va
chon lai tap tin a c lu th toan bo se c m ra lai nh cu e san sang cho
viec in an neu can.
Trang 138
Hnh XI.9. Ca so Trnh bay sau cung.
Trang 139
XI.3. TY LE BAN O TREN CA SO BAN O VA

TY LE BAN O TREN TRANG TRNH BAY
XI.3.1. Ty le ban o tren ca so ban o
Thong thng ta ch quan tam en ty le ban o
tren trang trnh bay v o la ty le ban o luc in an.
Ty le ban o tren trang trnh bay hoan toan khac vi
ty le ban o tren ca so ban o.
Khi m cac lp ban o ra trong MapInfo, thong
tin ve ty le ban o co the c thay tren thanh trang
thai cua man hnh MapInfo. Khi mot ca so ban o
c kch hoat, goc trai cua thanh trang thai co mot
o hien th ch Zoom va mot so o khoang cach. So
o khoang cach o cho ta biet kch thc theo chieu
ngang cua ca so ban o la bao nhieu. Khi ta
phong to hay thu nho ban o bang nut cong cu
phong to/thu nho th so o trong o Zoom nay cung
thay oi theo tng ng. Di chuyen con tro chuot
vao gia o nay con tro chuot bien thanh hnh ban
tay co ngon tro ch len. Nhap chuot tren o Zoom se
m ra mot menu nho cho phep ta chon che o hien
th trong o nay vi 3 tuy chon (hnh XI.10) la:
- Zoom (Window Width): hien th chieu rong cua
ca so ban o hien hanh (la tuy chon mac nh).
- Map Scale: hien th ty le cua ban o.
- Cursor Location: toa o cua con tro chuot khi di
chuyen chuot tren ca so ban o. Thong tin toa
o nay co the la kinh o/v o hay la n v khac
tuy thuoc vao he quy chieu cua ban o ang
c m tren ca so.
Hnh XI.10. Cac tuy chon tren

o Zoom mac nh tren
thanh Trang thai (Status
Bar) cua man hnh
MapInfo.
Trong qua trnh lam viec tren ca so ban o ta

co the muon phong to hay thu nho ban o. Hai nut
cong cu phong to/thu nho tren thanh cong cu Main
cho phep ta phong to thu nho ban o bang cach nhap chuot tren ban o. Moi lan nhap
chuot se phong to ban o ra gap oi hay thu nho lai mot na. Neu muon ieu chnh
ban o en mot ty le nhat nh nao o theo y muon th ta phai s dung lenh Change
View. Cach lam nh sau:
- Kch hoat ca so ban o muon thay oi ty le bang cach nhap chuot len thanh tieu
e cua ca so o hay chon no t menu Window.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Change View. Hop thoai Change View m ra (hnh
XI.11). Hop thoai nay bao gom cac noi dung nh sau:
+ Zoom (Window Width): o nay cho biet kch thc ngang cua ca so ban o.
+ Map Scale: cho biet ty le cua ban o tren ca so hien hanh.
Trang 140
+ Center of Window: cho biet toa o iem gia cua ca so ban o.

Tat ca nhng thong so
nay eu co the thay oi e
ieu chnh ca so ban o.
Neu ta muon thay oi ty le
ban o en mot ty le xac
nh th ta se go gia tr vao o
Map Scale. V du nh trong
hnh XI.11, ty le ban o
ang la 1 cm = 250.7 km
(t c ty le ba n o la 1:
2.507.000 - mot phan hai
Hnh XI.11. Hop thoai Change View trie u nam tram le ba y
thay oi ty le ban o va khung nhn.
nghn). Neu ta muon thay
oi ban o thanh ty le mot
phan trieu th ta se go con so 100 vao o tren, tc la 1 cm = 100 km.
XI.3.2. Ty le ban o tren ca so Trnh bay
Ty le ban o tren ca so ban o ch nham phuc vu cho viec phong to thu nho ban
o trong qua trnh chnh sa, xem xet bo cuc, kiem tra v tr nhan,...Trong khi o mot
trong nhng ng dung chnh cua chung ta la in ban o ra sau khi trnh bay xong. Va
nh ta a biet, ban o chu yeu c in ra t ca so Trnh bay. Ty le ban o trong ca
so Trnh bay c x ly mot cach khac.
Gia s neu ta kch hoat mot ca so ban o roi dung lenh Window > New Layout
Window e a no vao ca so trnh bay th MapInfo se a ca so ban o o vao mot
khung va t ong ieu chnh khung o sao cho no chiem het trang giay mac nh cua
may in c cai at tren may tnh (hoac may in mac nh dung cho MapInfo trong
trng hp co cai at nhieu may in). Do thiet lap nh vay nen khi chuyen ca so ban
o t mot ty le a biet
nao o sang mot khung
trong ca so trnh bay th
ty le ban o trong khung
t ong b thay oi sao
cho chiem het trang giay
va ty le nay chac chan se
khac vi ty le tren ca so
ban o.
Muon biet ty le ban
o tren ca so trnh bay
(tc la ty le luc in ra),
nha p chuot u p va o
khung cha ban o. Hop
thoai m ra (hnh XI.12)
cho biet nhng thong tin
sau:
- Window: o nay cho biet
Hnh XI.12. Hop thoai Frame Object - chnh ty le

ban o tren ca so Trnh bay.
Trang 141
ca so ban o nao ang c at trong khung c chon. Ta co the thay oi ca

so at trong khung neu muon, tuy nhien chnh sa nay thng la khong can thiet.
- Cac o Bound X1, Y1; X2, Y2 cho ta biet v tr cac goc cua khung o tren trang giay.
- Cac o Width va Height cho ta biet kch thc kho giay hien hanh.
- Fill Frame with Contents: mac nh c anh dau, neu tat tuy chon nay th khung
c chon ch la khung rong, khong cha ca so nao ca.
- Scale on Paper: o nay cho biet ty le ban o tren giay. ay chnh la ty le luc in ra.
Muon thay oi ty le ban o khi in ra, ta cung go ty le ta muon vao o Scale on
Paper. V du neu muon ban o in ra co ty le la mot phan nam mi nghn (1:50.000)
ta se go 1 cm = 0.5 km.
Lu y rang neu in ban o th ty le tren trang Trnh bay mi la ty le ban o luc in
ra. ieu chnh ty le tren ca so ban o, nh a noi, ch nham muc ch nhn thay ro
cac noi dung e sap xep cac lp ban o va trnh bay cho ep va hp ly ma thoi.
XI.4. MOT SO THIET LAP CUNG NH CAC LENH
THNG HAY S DUNG TRONG CA SO TRNH BAY
- Chnh thiet lap khung: moi ca so khi c trnh bay tren ca so Layout c at
trong mot khung. Khi nhap chuot len mot khung roi chon nut cong cu chnh vung
tren thanh cong cu Drawing th hop thoai Region Style m ra cho phep chnh
khung c chon giong nh mot chnh mot vat the kieu vung bnh thng. V du
ta co the vao phan Border e bo ng vien khung hoac co the thay oi ng
vien mac nh cua khung. Phan Fill cho phep ta chnh mau nen cua khung o.
- Khi chnh v tr cua cac khung trong ca so Layout xong roi, neu muon di chuyen
mot so khung i nhng lai khong lam thay oi v tr tng oi cua chung vi nhau,
ta co the gi phm <Shift> roi dung cong cu chon e chon chung, gi phm chuot
trai va di chuyen chuot, cung co the chon tat ca cac thanh phan trong ca so
Layout bang lenh Query > Select All, gi phm chuot trai tren mot khung nao o
va re chuot th co the di chuyen toan bo cac thanh phan.
- Khi ca so Layout ang c kch hoat, ta co the s dung cac nut cong cu ve iem,
ng, vung cung nh go ch e them cac noi dung can thiet vao ca so nay.
- Co the nh dang trang in cho ca so Trnh bay bang lenh File > Page Setup. Khi
o hop thoai Page Setup se m ra (hnh XI.13) va bao gom cac noi dung sau:
+ Phan Paper co hai o la Size cho phep chon kho giay va Source cho phep chon
che o an giay khi in.
+ Phan Orientation co hai tuy chon Portrait (nh dang giay ng) va Landscape
(nh dang giay nam ngang).
+ Phan Margins dung e nh dang le t giay, theo mac nh tat ca cac canh t
giay la Left (le trai), Right (le phai), Top (le tren) va Bottom (le di) eu bang
khong (tc la in khong cha le). Thay oi le giay bang cach nap thong so vao
bon o tren. n v mac nh khi cai at MapInfo trong 4 o nay la inch, co the
Trang 142
ieu chnh lai thanh centimet. Xem ieu chnh n v trong Chng I, muc I.2.1.
+ di hop thoai Page Setup co nut Printer. Nut nay m ra hop thoai cho phep
chon may in trong o Name (neu ta cai nhieu may in), ieu chnh mot so thiet
lap cua may in cung nh xem tnh trang may in,...
- Khi a ieu chnh va
hoan tat ca so Trnh
bay roi nhng ta co the
muon lu ca so Trnh
bay thanh mot tap tin
hnh anh (chang han e
s dung trong cac phan
mem khac sau na y).
Nhu cau nay co the thc
hien c bang cach:
+ kch hoat ca so
Layout.
+ t menu chnh chon
File > Save Window
As. Khi cho n lenh
nay mot hop thoai
m ra (hnh XI.14).
Hop thoai nay co cac tuy chon:
Hnh XI.13. Hop thoai Page Setup.
* Same as Window: lu ca so Layout c chon ung vi kch thc tren ca so.

* Custom Size: ieu chnh kch thc tap tin anh theo y muon.
* Nut Advanced: cho phep ieu chnh mot so thiet lap khi xuat ca so ra tap tin anh.
+ Chon xong nhap chuot vao nut Save th hop thoai Save Window to File m ra.
+ Trong o Save in chon th muc e lu tap tin anh, at ten tap tin anh trong o
File name. O Save as Type cho phep chon nh dang anh e lu.
+ Chon xong cac thiet lap tren roi nhan nut Save th ta se co mot tap tin anh cua
ca so Layout.
- Co the m nhieu ca so
Trnh bay va tao nhieu trang
trnh bay trong mot phien
lam viec tren MapInfo. Khi
tao nhieu ca so Layout th
tieu e ca so Layout c
anh so e de phan biet, v
du nh Layout:1, Layout: 2,...
Hnh XI.14. Hop thoai Save Window As cho phep

lu mot ca so thanh mot tap tin anh.
Trang 143
CHNG XII.
CHON VA TM KIEM THONG TIN TREN BAN O SO
Trong cac chng trc, chung ta a xem xet qua mot so ng dung cua ban o so
trong MapInfo, nh viec tao ban o, xem thong tin, trnh bay ban o,v.v. Trong chng
nay chung ta se xem xet chc nang tm kiem thong cua ban o so trong MapInfo. Kha
nang tm kiem va phan tch thong tin la mot trong nhng iem manh cua ban o so.
Chnh phan nay la u the rat ln cua ban o so so vi ban o giay thng.
XII.1. CHON THONG TIN
Cac lenh chon trong MapInfo nam trong menu chnh Query.
XII.1.1. Lenh Select (Chon)
Select la lenh chon cua MapInfo.
Hnh XII.1. Nap bieu thc chon trong hop thoai Select.
Khi chon Query > Select, hop thoai Select se m ra (hnh XII.1). Hop thoai bao gom
cac noi dung nh sau:
- Select Records from Table: ten bang can chon d lieu. Neu chon mui ten tha xuong
trong hang nay th MapInfo se liet ke danh sach cac bang ang m cua MapInfo.
Trang 144
Ta phai chon ten bang mnh muon lay d lieu ra. Neu ta a thc hien phep chon
trc o th phan nay liet ke ca cac phep chon o dang queryn.
- that Satisfy: hop thoai nay cho phep ta a ra tieu chuan e thc hien phep chon.
Tieu chuan thc hien phep chon c the hien bang Bieu thc. Ta co the s dung
nut Assist e tao bieu thc.
- Store Results in Table: o nay cho MapInfo biet ten bang cha ket qua tm c. Mac
nh la tuy chon Selection. Neu gi nguyen tuy chon nay th phep chon se tao rang
mot bang c at ten mac nh la Queryn, trong o n la mot con so. Neu ta thc
hien phep chon lan au tien ke t khi khi ong MapInfo th n = 1, neu ta thc hien
lenh Select nay lan th hai th n = 2,... Neu ta thay Selection bang mot ten nao o
th bang tao thanh se co ten do ta at trong hang nay.
- Sort Results by Column: hang nay cho phep ta sap th t ket qua chon theo mot cot
nao o trong bang.
- Load Template/Save Template: Bieu thc chon sau khi c thc hien xong trong
hop thoai nay co the c lu lai bang lenh Save Template va lan sau khi muon
thc hien lai phep chon nay ta khong phai go lai ma co the dung lenh Load
Template e goi phep chon o ra.
Lu y rang trong phep chon khi go con so, khong c go vao dau phan cach hang
nghn. V du neu ta go 20000 la ung nhng neu ta go 20,000 la sai.
Ta se xem xet mot so v du cua lenh nay.
e v du ta se s dung bang cac_tinh. Khi ong MapInfo, m bang cac_tinh ra.
Trong bang nay co them hai trng na la dien_tich va dan_so trong chng.
V du 1: Phep chon n gian
Gia s ta muon chon ra tat ca cac tnh co dien tch nho hn 5000 km vuong. Cach
lam nh sau:
+ Chon Query > Select; hop thoai Select m ra.
+ Trong Select Records from Table ta chon bang cac_tinh
+ Nhap chuot vao hop that Satisfy roi chon nut Assist; Hop thoai Expression m ra
+ Bam chuot trai vao nut mui ten tha xuong trong o Column chon trng dien_tich.
+ Bam chuot trai vao o Operators chon dau nho hn (<).
+ Di chuyen chuot tr lai hop that Satisfy va go vao sau dau nho hn con so 5000.
Co the chon nut Verify e kiem tra bieu thc (khong bat buoc). Neu hop thoai
MapInfo hien ra dong thong bao Syntax is correct (cu phap ung) th co ngha
la ta a go ung cu phap bieu thc. Lu y rang cu phap ung khong co ngha
la phep chon a ra ket qua ung. Ket qua ung hay sai phu thuoc vao bieu
thc ta nap vao ung hay sai.
+ Lam xong chon OK e quay lai hop thoai Select.
+ Trong hang Store Results in Table ta co the go tieu e chon ket qua, v du ta go
dt_nho_hon_5000; lu y rang ten trong o nay khong c co khoang
trang, neu ta go khoang trang MapInfo se t ong thay no thanh gach noi va
hien th dong thong bao Table name has been changed to a valid indentifier.
Trang 145
+ Ta co the xep th t ket qua bang hang Sort Results by Column, v du ta chon
la trng ten.
+ anh dau chon vao o Browse results.
+ Chon OK.
Trong vai giay ta se thay hien ra danh sach cac tnh co dien tch nho hn 5000 km
vuong, ong thi cac tnh o cung c chon tren ca so ban o.
Tng t nh vay ta co the s dung cac toan t, hang so,... e thc hien phep chon
n gian nh tren.
V du 2: Phep chon phc tap hn
V du ta muon chon cac tnh co dien tch nho hn 5000 km vuong va co dan so ln
hn 800 nghn ngi. Cach lam hoan toan tng t nh tren ch co ieu bieu thc trong
o that Satisfy se la dien_tich < 5000 And dan_so > 800 (n v tnh trong
cot dan so la nghn ngi), xem hnh XII.2.
Hnh XII.2. Chon vat the theo tieu chuan t nhieu trng (Select).
V du 3: phep chon s dung cac ket qua tnh toan t cac cot khac nhau
Gia s ta muon chon cac tnh co mat o dan so nho hn 150 ngi/km vuong. Ta
biet rang mat o se bang so dan chia cho dien tch. V vay ta se s dung hai trng
dan_so va dien_tich e thc hien phep chon nay.
Bieu thc e thc hien phep chon nay c go vao o that Satisfy se la:
Hnh XII.3. Chon vat the theo tieu chuan tnh toan t cac trng khac nhau.
Trang 146
(dan_so*1000/dien_tich)<150. Gia tr trong cot dan so phai nhan cho

1000 v n v tnh dan so trong cot o la 1000 ngi. Hop thoai Select se co noi dung
nh tren hnh XII.3.
XII.1.2. Lenh SQL Select
Ta a thay rang trong phan Select ta co the thc hien phep chon cac d lieu t
bang MapInfo tuy theo cac yeu cau trch xuat thong tin t mot bang ln. Cac tieu
chuan chon c the hien trong bieu thc. Tuy nhien lenh Select van co mot so han
che, v du nh ta ch co the chon d lieu da theo cac tieu chuan chon t mot bang
ma thoi. Gia s muon chon d lieu t mot bang nhng can c theo tieu chuan chon t
d lieu cua mot bang khac. Trong trng hp o ta phai s dung SQL Select.
SQL la ch viet tat cua Structured Query Language (ngon ng truy van co cau truc).
SQL thc chat la mot cach truy xuat d lieu oc lap co t lau trong cac c s d lieu
khac, trc khi MapInfo xuat hien. Phep chon SQL la mot phep chon dung e truy xuat
nhng thong tin can c theo nhng tieu chuan chon cao cap hn lenh Select. Ban
chat SQL thc ra cung la mot ngon ng truy van phc tap. Trong phan nay ta se xem
xet nhng tnh chat cua lenh SQL Select trong MapInfo.
Lenh SQL Select trong MapInfo co cac ac iem chnh sau:
- Co the chon d lieu theo trng.
- Co the s dung bieu thc e tao ra mot cot khac.
- Trong mot phep chon SQL co the s dung nhieu bang khac nhau.
- D lieu truy xuat c co the c gop nhom lai tuy theo mot hay nhieu thuoc tnh
chung nao o.
- Cac toan t a ly cung co the c s dung e thc hien phan tch theo khong gian
a ly gia cac lp khac nhau.
Viec s dung lenh Select a a dang th viec s dung SQL Select con a dang va
phc tap hn. Thc chat khi s dung cac lenh nay chung ta can nam vng cac kien
thc c ban ve toan hoc va biet cach phan tch bai toan d lieu can giai quyet, a li
giai vao MapInfo thong qua nhng lenh tren ch la phan hnh thc.
Trong phan nay, khong the a ra bat c mot phng phap tong quat nao cho
nhng lenh nay v viec s dung chung phu thuoc vao tng trng hp phan tch d
lieu.
Trc het ta se xem xet noi dung cua lenh nay. Khi chon Query > SQL Select, hop
thoai SQL Select hien ra. Hop thoai nay thoat nhn co ve phc tap. Tuy nhien viec nap
cac tieu chuan chon vao cac o khong phc tap lam bi v hau het cac muc eu la tuy
chon. V du neu ta khong muon tao ra tong phu (sub-totals) th hay bo trong o Group
By Columns. Hop thoai nay bao gom cac noi dung sau:
- Select Columns (Chon cac cot): cho MapInfo biet nhng cot nao se c a vao
bang ket qua. Theo mac nh trng nay co mot dau sao (*). Dau sao nay cho
MapInfo biet rang can a tat ca cac cot trong bang can chon vao bang ket qua.
Neu ta muon bang ket qua ch co mot so cot nao o trong bang can chon, hay thay
the dau sao bang danh sach ten cac trng ta muon a vao bang ket qua, ten cac
trng cach nhau bi dau phay. V du, khi thc hien lenh SQL Select trong bang
Trang 147
cac_tinh, ta ch muon a vao bang ket qua hai trng la ten tnh va dan so chang
han, th trong o nay ta se go nh sau:
Select Columns:
Ten, dan_so
- From Tables (t cac bang nao): trng nay cho MapInfo biet phai tm d lieu t (cac)
bang nao. Ta phai nap ten cua t nhat mot bang vao o nay. Neu ta muon MapInfo
tm kiem d lieu tren hai hay nhieu bang, liet ke cac bang o trong o nay, ten cac
bang cach nhau bi dau phay. Neu ta a ten hay hai nhieu bang vao o nay th
trong o Where Condition ta phai cho MapInfo biet cach ket hp cac bang nay vi
nhau nh the nao. Neu ta nap ten hai bang vao o From Tables, MapInfo se t ong
tnh toan e lap bieu thc trong o Where Condition. Tuy nhien neu ta s dung ba
bang hay nhieu hn, ta phai t ieu chnh lai bieu thc trong o Where Condition.
Khi thc hien phep phoi hp nhieu bang, tat ca cac bang eu phai la bang nguyen
thuy cua MapInfo. Ta khong the s dung mot bang ket qua t mot phep chon trc
o (v du ta khong the s dung Query1 e lam bang phan tch).
- Where Condition (ieu kien): O nay c s dung cho nhieu muc ch khac nhau,
tuy thuoc vao ban chat phep chon ta thc hien. Khi ta thc hien phep chon tren mot
bang duy nhat, o nay la o tuy chon. Neu ta thc hien phep chon tren hai bang hay
nhieu hn, ta phai a bieu thc vao o nay, va bieu thc o phai cho MapInfo biet
cach ket hp hai bang vi nhau nh the nao. Neu muon, ta co the a tieu chuan
loc d lieu trong o Where Condition. e lam ieu nay can a vao mot bieu thc
luan ly (logical expression) ma ket qua la ung hay sai (true/false). V du khi chon
d lieu trong bang cac_tinh, ta ch muon chon nhng ban ghi (hang) nao co dan so
ln hn 500 nghn ngi th trong menh e Where Condition ta se go nh sau:
Where Condition:
dan_so > 500
(n v tnh trong cot nay la 1000 ngi)

Khi go cac con so trong Where Condition, khong c go dau phay (dau phan cach
hang nghn mac nh trong he Anh - My).
- Group By Columns (Gop nhom theo cot): O nay cho phep ta tnh tong phu trong
bang ket qua. Neu ta a vao o nay ten cua mot trng (hoac danh sach ten cac
trng cach nhau bi dau phay), MapInfo se tnh tong phu cua bang ket qua va ch
hien th cac tong phu ch khong hien th tng hang c chon. Tnh tong phu la
mot giai oan gom hai bc:
1. Nap ten (cac) cot trong o Group By Column.
2. Nap lai ten (cac) cot o va cac toan t tong hp so lieu (v du nh Sum (tong)
hay Count (em)) trong o Select Columns.
O Group By Column la tuy chon. Neu ta bo trong o nay (mac nh) th MapInfo se
khong tnh tong phu.
- Order By Columns (Sap th t): O nay cho phep ta sap th t bang ket qua. Neu ta
nap vao ten mot cot (hoac nhieu cot, ten cot cach nhau bi dau phay) vao o Order
By Column, MapInfo se xep th t cac hang trong bang ket qua. Theo mac nh,
MapInfo xep th t cac hang theo chieu xuoi (co ngha la A ng tren B va so nho
ng tren so ln). Neu muon xep th t theo chieu ngc lai, ta go ch Desc
(viet tat cua ch descending - sap th th ngc) sau ten cot. V du:
Trang 148
Order By Columns:
dan_so desc
O Order By Column la o tuy chon. Neu ta bo trong o nay, bang ket qua se khong
c sap th t.
- Into Table Named (Vao bang co ten la): O nay cho phep ta at ten cho bang ket
qua. Theo mac nh bang ket qua co ten la Selection. Neu ta muon at cho bang
ket qua mot ten khac, hay go ten o vao o Into Table Named. Ten nap vao o nay
khong c trung ten vi cac bang ang m.
Neu ta s dung lenh SQL thng xuyen trong mot phien lam viec va neu e
Selection la ten cua bang ket qua th sau cung ta se co rat nhieu bang ket qua c
m ra (v du Query1, Query2, Query3,...). Nhng bang co dang Queryn nay khong co
hai g ca tuy nhien mot so ngi ch n gian la khong thch nhieu bang c m ra.
Neu muon tranh khong cho mot so lng ln nhng bang Queryn c m ra, hay nap
mot ten khac vao o Into Table Named. V du neu ta at ten trong o nay la
Ket_qua_chon:
Into Table Named:
Ket_qua_chon
th moi phep chon SQL Select tiep theo se s dung ten tren lam bang ket qua. Bang
cach nay ta ch phai lam viec vi mot bang ket qua duy nhat (ten la Ket_qua_chon),
bat ke ta thc hien bao nhieu lan lenh SQL Select.
- Browse Results: (Hien th ket qua): Neu o Browse Results c anh dau chon,
MapInfo se hien th ket qua trong ca so Browser.
S dung cac danh sach tha xuong: Ben phai hop thoai SQL Select co 5 danh sach
tha xuong: Tables, Columns, Operators, Aggregates va Functions. Cac danh sach tha
xuong nay (m cac danh sach ra bang nut tha xuong
) cho phep ta ien thong tin
vao hop thoai SQL Select bang cach nhap chuot va chon thay v phai go lenh. Noi cach
khac cac danh sach tha xuong nay la cach lam tat giup ta han che viec phai go lenh.
V du neu ta muon nap ten mot bang vao o From Tables, ta co the thc hien bang cach
nhap chuot va chon.
- Save Template: Lu nhng g ta a nap trong hop thoai SQL Select thanh phep chon
mau (Query Templates)
- Load Template: M mot phep chon mau a c lu trc o.
e lap c bieu thc ung an, ta can nam vng cac toan t, cac t khoa cung
nh cac ham so trong MapInfo. Xem them trong Chng XVIII, Ham so.
XII.1.3. Mot so v du cua lenh SQL Select
Ta se xem xet sc manh cua lenh nay thong qua mot so v du.
V du 1: Hay chon cac iem dan c nam trong tnh Lao Cai
Phan tch: ta thay rang cach iem dan c nam trong lp thanh_pho con tnh Lao
Cai nam trong lp cac_tinh. Nh vay phep chon nay s dung thong tin t hai tnh, ket
qua chon trong lp cac_tinh. Ta thc hien phep chon nay bang SQL Select nh sau
(hnh XII.4):
Trang 149
- O Select column: gi nguyen dau hoa th (*), tc chon tat ca cac cot.
- From table: thanh_pho
- Where Condition: obj within (select obj from cac_tinh where
cac_tinh.ten = "Lao Cai")
- Order by Columns: sap th t theo cot ten.
V du 2: Chon nhng thanh pho trong cac tnh co dien tch di 2000 km2.
Hnh XII.4. Hop thoai SQL Select e chon (cac) vat the t mot
lp theo tieu chuan t mot lp khac.
Phan tch: cac thanh pho - th xa la nhng iem dan c nam trong lp thanh_pho,
con cac tnh nam trong lp cac_tinh. Trong lp nay gia s ta khong co cot dien tch,
tuy nhien ta van co the thc hien phep chon nay da tren tieu chuan dien tch bang
cach s dung ham so e lay dien tch t
vat the vung (cac tnh) trc tiep t
ban o. Hop thoai SQL Select co
the trong nh tren hnh XII.5.
- Select Column: *
- From Table: thanh_pho
Where
condition: obj
within any(select obj
from cac_tinh where
Trang 150
area(obj,"sq km") < 2000)

V du 3: Chon tat ca nhng tnh co song chay qua
Phan tch: Cac tnh nam trong lp cac_tinh, cac con song nam trong lp song. Phep
chon nay tra ve ket qua la cac hang thuoc lp cac tnh nhng co tham chieu a ly vi
Hnh XII.5. Chon vat the kieu iem theo tieu chuan t
vat the kieu vung (SQL Select).
cac vat the trong lp song. Hop thoai SQL Select trong giong nh tren hnh XII.6.
- From Table: cac_tinh,song
- Where Condition: song.Obj Intersects cac_tinh.Obj
V du 4: Chon nhng tnh co song chay qua va chieu dai song nho hn 50 km.
- From table: cac_tinh
- Where Condition: obj Intersects any(select obj from song where
ObjectLen(obj, "km")<50)
Trong phep chon nay, nhng tnh nao co t hai con song chay qua tr len ma co
mot con song co chieu dai nho hn 50 km th tnh o cung c chon.
XII.1.4. Lu phep chon
Trang 151
Hnh XII.6. Chon vat the trong mot bang theo tieu chuan giao nhau
vi vat the trong mot lp khac (SQL Select).
Nh a trnh bay phan tren, khi thc hien phep chon bang lenh Select hay SQL
Select, MapInfo luon lu gi nhng phep chon o trong suot mot phien lam viec tr khi
ta ong bang co cha cac vat the/ban ghi trong phep chon. Neu ta khong at ten cho
phep chon trong o Store Results in Table (lenh Select) hay into Table Named (lenh
SQL Select) ma gi nguyen ten mac nh la Selection th MapInfo se t ong at ten
cho cac phep chon theo th t la Query1, Query2,...Khi thc hien cac chnh sa tren
ca so ban o nh cac lenh Combine, Split, ... MapInfo cung t ong lu lai cac vat
the/ban ghi co lien quan en cac lenh tren thanh cac ten la Query nh vay. Neu ta
thc hien nhieu lan cac lenh chnh sa ban o ban o nh tren trong mot phien lam
viec, MapInfo se ghi nh mot danh sach rat dai cac query nh vay va lam cho may
tnh chay cham. V vay e giai phong cac Query nay, ta nen thc hien lenh File > Close
Table va chon tat ca cac Query o e ong chung lai se lam may tnh chay nhanh hn.
oi vi nhng phep chon co y ngha oi vi cong viec, ta nen at ten cho chung thay
v e ten mac nh la Selection. Ngoai ra neu ta co y nh s dung cac phep chon nao
o nhieu lan, nen lu chung lai.
Ca hai phep chon Select va SQL Select eu co the c lu lai e s dung sau
nay. Khi lu mot phep chon, MapInfo ch lu thong tin ve cac ban ghi trong mot phep
chon o t bang nao, d lieu thc chat van
nam trong bang chnh. Lan sau neu m
phep chon a c lu ra, th d lieu trong
bang chnh se c nap ong thi phan
chon se c hien th. Mot phep chon khi
c lu se bao gom hai tap tin, mot tap tin
Trang 152
.tab va mot tap tin co uoi m rong la .QRY. Tap tin .QRY cha thong tin ve phep chon
t bang nao va bao gom nhng ban ghi nao. Cach lam: sau khi a thc hien phep
chon, tren menu chnh chon File > Save Query; hop thoai Save Query As Table m ra;
at ten cho phep chon trong o File name roi nhan nut Save.
Sau khi lu mot phep chon ma ta di chuyen bang goc sang mot th muc khac th
khi thc hien lenh File > Open Table e m bang o ra, MapInfo se hien th mot hop
thoai co ten Please Locate <ten bang goc>.TAB (Tm th muc cha bang goc). Ta phai
chon trong o Look in cua hop thoai nay th muc mi cua bang goc th MapInfo mi m
c phep chon o. Neu bang goc b xoa ta khong the m c phep chon a c
lu o.
XII.2. TM KIEM THONG TIN
XII.2.1. Lenh Find (Tm kiem)
Lenh nay tm kiem mot vat the tren ca so ban o da theo d lieu trong mot
trng nao o cua bang MapInfo. Lenh tm kiem ch co the thc hien oi vi nhng
trng nao c anh dau la Indexed trong cau truc cua trng. Xem them ve cau truc
cua bang trong Chng XVII. Khi tm ra c vat the tren ca so ban o, MapInfo se
anh dau vat the o bang mot bieu tng do ta ch nh.
Khi ch nh tm kiem, neu MapInfo tm ra nhieu vat the co cung d lieu do ta ch
nh th no se liet ke danh sach tat ca nhng vat the co cung tieu chuan tm kiem o
cho ta chon.
Cach thc hien lenh nay nh sau:
- M ca so ban o co bang cha vat the can tm kiem.
- T menu chnh chon Query > Find. Hop thoai Find m ra (hnh XII.7).
- Trong o Search Table ta chon t danh sach nhng bang ang m bang nao ta can
tm kiem; trong o for Objects in Column ta ch nh tm kiem trong cot (trng) nao.
- Phan Optional cho phep ta tinh chnh phep chon bang mot bang kieu ranh gii (v
du nh bang cac tnh) nao o, c khai bao trong o Refine Search with Table va
mot trng nao o cua bang tren, khai bao trong o using Boundary Name Column.
ay la phan tuy chon, ta co the khong can khai bao g neu khong muon.
- Mark with Symbol: ch nh cho MapInfo anh dau vat the tm c bang mot bieu
tng. Chon kieu bieu tng bang nut nh dang bieu tng.
- Nut Option cho phep ta thiet lap mot so tuy chon trong lenh tm kiem, tuy nhien phan
ln nhng tuy chon nay lien quan en nhng bang MapInfo co a ch (Address), la
kieu bang ta t khi co ieu kien s dung.
- Thiet lap cac tieu chuan tm kiem xong chon OK. Hop thoai Find chuyen sang mot
dang khac (hnh XII.8).
- Trong o trong pha tren cung hop thoai nay hien ra ten trng ma ta chon tm kiem.
Ta phai go gia tr can tm kiem vao trong o nay.
- Nap gia tr can tm kiem xong chon OK.
Trang 153
Hnh XII.7. Hop thoai Find, bc 1 - thiet lap

tieu chuan tm kiem.
Neu MapInfo tm ra mot vat the phu hp th ca so nay se ong lai ong thi ca
so ban o se di chuyen ve vung co vat the c tm thay va vat the o c anh dau
bang mot bieu tng do ta ch nh trong phan Mark with Symbol.
Bieu tng anh dau c ve trong lp Cosmetic cua ca so ban o, v vay no
khong anh hng g en bang cua ta.
Neu tm khong thay gia tr nao
trong trng c ch nh giong vi
gia tr do ta nap vao th hop thoai nay
khong ong lai ma no hien dong thong
bao Exact match not found (khong
tm thay gia tr nao khp) ong thi o
trong pha di liet ke danh sach cac
gia tr d lieu ma MapInfo cho rang
gan giong vi gia tr ta nap vao e cho
ta chon. Neu ta tm c gia tr ung
trong danh sach liet ke th nhap chuot
chon no roi chon OK. MapInfo se anh
dau vat the ta chon bang thu cong o.
Neu tm thay nhieu vat the co
cung gia tr vi gia tr ta nap vao hop
thoai nay hien ra dong thong bao
Multiple Found (tm thay nhieu vat
the) ong thi liet ke trong o di tat
ca nhng vat the co cung gia tr o
cho ta chon. Sau khi chon xong ta
chon OK th vat the c chon se
c anh dau.
Hnh XII.8. Hop thoai Find, bc 2 nap gia tr can tm.
Trang 154
Khi a thc hien tm kiem mot lan bang lenh nay neu lan sau ta thc hien lenh Find
mot lan na th MapInfo se chuyen ngay vao hop thoai tren hnh X.8 v MapInfo coi
nh cac thiet lap tm kiem luc au la mac nh. Muon ch nh lai bang hay trng khac
e tm kiem ta nhap chuot vao nut Respecify e quay lai hop thoai au tien va thiet lap
lai tieu chuan tm kiem.
Ve ng dung, lenh nay ch co ch khi ta tm kiem mot thong tin nao o ac thu trong
mot c s d lieu ln, v du nh tm ten ngi, ten ng, ten quan, ten a danh,...
Lenh nay khong nen c s dung e tm nhng vat the theo thuoc tnh trong trng
d lieu lieu v a phan cac trng hp se tra ve nhieu gia tr (thong bao Multiple
Found) va ta khong the biet c nen chon c vat the nao. Trong trng hp tm
kiem theo thuoc tnh ma nhieu vat the co, ta phai s dung lenh Select hay SQL Select.
Lu y rang tieng Viet theo bo ma VNI cung khong hien th ung trong cac o gia tr
trong hop thoai nay v vay phai go tieng Viet rat can than neu ta tm theo ten bang
tieng Viet. Ngoai ra khi tm kiem khong c, danh sach e ngh do MapInfo a ra
cung khong hien th tieng Viet ung v the rat kho nhn.
Ta se xem xet mot v du cua lenh nay.
- M bang cac_tinh ra. Ca so ban o bang cac_tinh c m.
- T menu chnh chon Query > Find. Hop thoai Find au tien m ra.
- Trong o Search Table ta chon bang cac_tinh; trong o for Objects in Column ta chon
trng ten. (Lu y danh sach trng ch liet ke nhng trng nao co anh dau
Indexed trong cau truc bang).
- Nhap chuot vao nut chnh kieu bieu
tng e oi anh dau thanh ngoi
sao mau o.
- Chon OK.
- Hop thoai Find th hai m ra.
- Gia s ta muon tm tnh ak Lak, ta
se go vao o ten ch ak Lac (ch
thc s hien ra trong o o la
eaok Laoc). Gia s ta go sai
ch k thanh ch c trong t Lak
thanh Lac (hnh XII.9).
- Chon OK.
MapInfo khong tm c t giong
chnh xac trong trng ten, no hien
dong thong bao Exact match not
found va liet ke ra mot danh sach
e ngh ong thi anh dau ch
ma no cho la gan giong nhat, tc
ch eaok Laok. Trong v du
nay ay la ch MapInfo chon ung
nen ta gi nguyen va chon OK e
ket thuc.
Hnh XII.9. Cac gia tr gan ung vi gia tr

can tm c liet ke cho ta chon.
Trang 155
MapInfo di chuyen ca so ban o ve tnh ak Lak va anh dau tnh o bang

mot bieu tng hnh ngoi sao mau o tai trong tam cua tnh ak Lak.
Nh ta thay, lenh nay khong may tien li oi vi tieng Viet.
XII.2.2. Lenh Find Selection
ay la lenh cho phep ta tm kiem vat the/ban ghi ang c chon.
Lenh nay c thc hien bang cach t menu chnh chon Query > Find Selection.
Lenh Find Selection ch s dung c khi co t nhat mot vat the tren ca so ban o hay
mot ban ghi tren ca so Browser, hoac mot ban ghi tren ca so bieu o c chon.
oi vi ca so Bieu o, lenh nay ch co tac dung neu ta chon bang nut lenh Graph
Select.
Ta co the chon mot hay nhieu vat the tren ca so Browser nhng co the khong thay
(cac) vat the c chon tren ca so ban o. Neu sau khi chon xong tren ca so
Browser ta thc hien lenh Query > Find Selection th ca so ban o co cha bang co
vat the ang c chon se lap tc thay oi e hien th cac vat the ang c chon.
Tng t nh vay neu ta chon mot hay nhieu vat the tren ca so ban o hay ca
so Bieu o roi chon Query > Find Selection th ca so Browser se nhay ve v tr co cac
ban ghi ang c chon. Trng hp tm trong ca so Browser neu cac ban ghi c
chon cach xa nhau thi ca so ch di chuyen ve vat the au tien ma thoi. e thay het
cac vat the ang c chon trong ca so Browser ta thc hien lenh Window > New
Browser Window va trong o Browse Tables cua hop thoai Browse Table ta chon
Selection th mot ca so Browser mi se m ra liet ke nhng vat the ang c chon.
Tuy nhien, lenh nay thng co li khi ta thc hien phep chon cac vat the hay ban
ghi bang bieu thc t lenh Select hay SQL Select. Khi thc hien phep chon xong ta
thc hien lenh Query > Find Selection th ca so nao ang c kch hoat (ban o hay
Browser hay bieu o) se thay oi e cho ta thay cac vat the/ban ghi ang c chon.
Trang 156
CHNG XIII.
PHAN TCH BAN O BANG LENH
CREATE THEMATIC MAP
XIII.1. TONG QUAT

Trong cac chng trc ta a xem xet s bo cach s dung lenh Create Thematic
Map. Trong chng nay chung ta se xem xet chi tiet hn lenh nay. Nh a trnh bay,
Create Thematic Map noi mot cach nom na la cach to mau cho ban o theo d lieu
co trong bang cua lp ban o o e lam noi bat tnh chat cua d lieu tren ban o va
ho tr viec phan tch d lieu. Noi cach khac, lenh nay cho phep ta phan tch cac d
lieu lien quan en ban o, hay noi cach khac, la lenh tao ban o theo chu e. Lenh
nay cung co the lay d lieu t mot bang khac hoac d lieu t mot tnh toan e xay
dng ban o chu e. Lenh tao ban o chu e cho phep ta thay c s thay oi cua
l lieu tren ban o.
XIII.1.1. Phng phap
Trc het ta se tm hieu noi dung cua lenh nay. Lenh Create Thematic Map ch
c kch hoat khi co mot ca so ban o ang c kch hoat.
Mot cach tong quat, lenh Create Thematic View bao gom 3 bc:
- Bc 1: chon Map > Create Thematic Map, hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step
1 of 3 m ra (hnh XIII.1). Trong hop thoai nay ta chon Kieu chu e va mau
c s dung e tao ban o chu e. Hop thoai nay co cac noi dung sau:
Cot Type: chon kieu ban o chu e. Co 6 kieu:
1- Ranges: Lap ban o chu e theo cac khoang gii han cua d lieu. Cac khoang
gii han c to mau khac nhau hay kieu to mau khac nhau. Ban o chu e
theo khoang gii han cho phep ta minh hoa cac d lieu theo iem, ng va
vung. Chung c s dung e minh hoa moi quan he gia gia tr d lieu va
vung a ly (v du nh doanh so ban ra cua tng khu vc, thu nhap bnh quan
au ngi cua tng khu vc) hoac e bieu th thong tin kieu ty le v du nh mat
o dan so. Thong tin theo kieu ty le co the c bieu th bang nhng hnh thc
khac khi ta chon Expression trong bc 2 cua lenh Create Thematic Map. Cach
phan chia d lieu theo khoang gii han nay co nhieu phng phap khac nhau.
Xem cu the cac phng phap phan chia khoang gii han phan /// cua chng
nay.
Trang 157
2- Bar Charts: Giup hien th mot bieu o cot theo cac bien cua tng ban ghi trong
bang. Bieu o cot c s dung e minh hoa nhieu bien cua mot ban ghi trong
ban o. Ta co the so sanh kch thc cac cot trong moi bieu o e co c
thong tin ve tng ban ghi trong d lieu cua bang, hoac co the so sanh mot cot
vi tat ca cac bieu o cot e co nhan nh ve mot bien theo tat ca cac ban ghi,
hoac so sanh chieu cao cua bieu o cot e co thong tin ve toan bo bang. e
Hnh XIII.1. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3.

hien th gia tr am trong mot bieu o cot, cac cot co gia tr am c ve theo
chieu ngc lai vi chieu dng cua bieu o cot. Cac gia tr am khong c
hien th trong cac bieu o cot cong don (stacked bar chart).
3- Pie Charts: Hien th bieu o dang hnh quat. Bieu o hnh quat la dang bieu o
nhieu bien. Bieu o hnh quat c s dung trong ban o e phan tch mot hay
nhieu bien cung mot luc. Ta co the so sanh kch thc cua cac hnh re quat
trong moi bieu o e co thong tin ve tng ban ghi trong bang, hoac so sanh mot
hnh re quat vi tat ca cac bieu o hnh quat e co nhan nh ve mot bien nao
o theo tat ca cac ban ghi, hoac so sanh ng knh cua cac bieu o quat e
co thong tin ve toan bo d lieu cua bang.
4- Graduated: Hien th mot bieu tng cho moi ban ghi trong bang, kch thc cua
bieu tng ty le trc tiep vi gia tr d lieu. Mot ban o co cac bieu tng c
phan cap hien th cac iem d lieu theo cac gia tr so cua chung. Kieu phan
cap nay hu ch trong viec trnh bay cac thong tin co tnh chat nh lng, v du
Trang 158
nh phan hang t cao en thap. Kch thc cua cac bieu tng ty le vi cac gia
tr cua cac iem. Cac iem co gia tr trong bang d lieu ln hn se c hien
th to hn va ngc lai.
5- Dot Density: Hien th cac gia tr d lieu thanh cac cham tren ban o, moi mot
cham tng ng vi mot con so va tong so cham trong mot vung ty le vi gia
tr d lieu cua vung o. Mot ban o theo kieu mat o iem cho phep ta em
nhanh gia tr d lieu (v du nh dan so chang han). Moi cham tng trng cho
mot con so la boi so cua n v tnh gia tr. Con so o nhan vi tong so cham
c hien th trong mot vung se bang vi gia tr d lieu cua vung o.
6- Individual: To mau cac ban ghi theo cac gia tr d lieu rieng le. Cac mau gia
tr tam kieu rieng le thuoc loai nhieu bien. Ta co the chon to mau cho iem,
ng hay vung. Mot ban o chu e ve cac vat the ban o theo tng gia tr
rieng le co ch khi ta muon nhan manh s khac biet gia tng vat the (nh tnh)
ch khong quan tam en thong tin co tnh chat nh lng (v du cac kieu nha
hang trong mot khu vc, cac cap phan chia vung trong mot khu vc,...). ay la
kieu ban o chu e duy nhat co the c xay dng t trng d lieu khong phai
kieu so (not numeric field).
7- Grid: Ban o theo kieu li (grid) hien th cac d lieu thanh s thay oi mau t
t tren toan ban o. Kieu ban o theo chu e nay c xay dng bang cach
noi suy cac d lieu iem t bang d lieu goc. Mot tap tin dang li (grid file)
c tao ra t qua trnh noi suy d lieu va c hien th thanh mot anh quet
tren ca so ban o. ay la kieu ban o chu e duy nhat tao ra mot tap tin mi
va sau khi thoat MapInfo, lan sau ta ch can m tap tin mi nay la co the nhn
thay ban o chu e c tao ra trc o, khong can phai thc hien lenh File >
Save Workspace nh cac kieu khac.
Ben phai phan Type la phan Template. ng vi moi kieu trong phan o th phan
Template con co mot so cach khac nhau e hien th ban o theo chu e, o la cac
mau a co san cho tng kieu. Tuy theo y muon cua ngi dung muon phan tch thong
tin nh the nao ma chon kieu cho thch hp. Phan ben phai la phan Preview, hien th
v du cho tng kieu c chon trong phan Type va Template.
tren cung ta co hai tuy chon la Sort by Name va Sort by Time, cho phep ta sap
th t cac mau theo ten hay theo trnh t thi gian chung c tao thanh.
Chon xong hai muc nay ta chon Next, hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of
3 m ra.
- Bc 2: Chon bang muon tao ban o chu e va trng e lay d lieu lam ban o
chu e trong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3. Neu ta a chon
mot so vat the tren ban o trc o, th phan chon (Selection) cung hien
th cho phep ta chon tao ban o chu e theo phan chon o. Ta cung co
the tao ban o chu e t mot ban o tao ra bang lenh Query trc o.
Trong phan chon trng ta co the dung Expression e tao d lieu mi theo
cac d lieu co san trong bang thong qua Bieu thc. Ta cung co the lay d
lieu t mot bang khac bang cach s dung tuy chon Join. Lenh nay tao ra
mot cot tam thi trong bang can lam ban o chu e va cap nhat d lieu t
bang khac vao o. Xem them trong Chng XVII, Cap nhat cot.
Tuy theo cach ta chon tao ban o chu e ma co the co mot hay nhieu bien.
Trang 159
Cac phng phap Bar Charts (Bieu o cot) va Pie Charts (Bieu o hnh
quat) la nhng phng phap tao ban o chu e theo nhieu bien. Cac
phng phap con lai la phng phap can c tren mot bien.
Trong trng hp s dung phng phap tao ban o chu e theo mot bien,
bc 2 ta co the anh dau chon vao o Ingnore Zeroes or Blanks e bo
i nhng ban ghi nao co gia tr la 0 (d lieu kieu so) hay rong (d lieu kieu
ky t) neu muon.
Trong trng hp s dung phng phap tao ban o chu e theo nhieu bien
(bieu o cot va bieu o hnh quat), bc 2 ta phai chon cac trng hoac
cac bieu thc ta muon s dung lam bien so va liet ke chung theo th t
nao cho phu hp nhat vi phan tch ta muon lam. Co the s dung toi a 8
bien so e tao mot ban o chu e theo phng phap Bieu o cot hay hnh
quat. Trong trng hp nay, ch co cac trng kieu so (Integer, Small
Integer, Decimal, Float) mi hien th trong phan Fields from Table cho ta
chon bc 2. Cac nut Add va Remove cho phep ta them hay bt trng
trong phan Fields for Pie/Bar Charts. Th t cua cac bien trong qua trnh
chon trng bc 2 cung chnh la th t chung se c hien th trong
chu giai. Khi tao ban o chu e theo kieu bieu o cot, th t cac bien hien
th trong chu giai cung chnh la th t cac cot hien th trong ban o t trai
sang phai. oi vi ban o chu e theo kieu bieu o hnh quat, bien au
tien trong chu giai tng ng vi hnh re quat bat au tai goc c ch nh
trong hop thoai Customize Pie Style. e hien th hop thoai nay, chon Styles
trong bc 3.
Khi ieu chnh xong chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3
of 3 m ra.
- Bc 3: ieu chnh ban o chu e. Trong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3
of 3, ta chon kieu to mau, kieu ch cho chu giai, khoang gii han, so
bc phan cap, cach sap th t chu giai,... (tuy theo kieu ban o chu e
chon luc au). Hai tuy chon Ascending (Sap th t xuoi) va Descending
(Sap th t ngc) trong phan Legend Label Order cho phep ta chon cach
xep th t cho chu giai. phan Template ta co the lu cac thiet lap thanh
mot mau e s dung sau nay. Tuy theo kieu ban o chu e ta can tao ma
bc 3 nay co the co cac nut lenh khac nhau nh Ranges, Styles,
Settings. Ranges cho phep ieu chnh cac khoang gii han trong mot ban
o chu e co chia cac khoang gii han. Nut lenh nay ch co khi ta chon
kieu ban o chu e trong bc 1 la Ranges. Styles cho phep ta ieu chnh
cac thuoc tnh ve kieu nh mau sac va kch thc. Nut lenh nay ch co
cac ban o chu e kieu Ranges, Pie Charts, Bar Charts va Indvidual.
Settings cho phep ta ieu chnh cac thiet lap ve kch thc va so lng tren
mot ban o kieu Dot Density, ieu chnh cac thiet lap ve bieu tng va gia
tr trong mot ban o kieu Graduated. oi vi ban o chu e kieu grid (li),
bc nay co nut Legend.
Sau khi hoan tat bc 3, ban o nguyen thuy luc au se c to mau theo thiet
lap cua ta trong 3 bc tren, ong thi mot chu giai cung c tao thanh e giai thch
cho cach to mau o.
Lenh nay khong thay oi g bang MapInfo nguyen thuy (base table) luc au, no
Trang 160
ch phu len lp ban o nguyen thuy

mot lp vo theo cac thong so trong
bang d lieu do ta thiet lap. Neu m
hop thoai Layer Control ra ta se thay
tren lp c tao ban o chu e co
them mot lp na. Lp nay hi thut
vao mot chut so vi cac lp bnh
thng. Ten cua lp nay la ten phng
phap tao ban o chu e va d lieu c s
dung e tao ban o chu e. V du neu ta tao
ban o chu e theo phng phap Ranges va
theo mat o dan so (tnh t trng dan so va dien
tch) th ten cu a lp chu e se la Ranges by
dan_so*1000/dien_tich. Lp nay luon nam tren lp goc,
neu ta di chuyen lp ban o o th lp ban o chu e cung di chuyen
theo. Cach thc hien th ban o theo chu e nay c lu lai bang lenh File > Save
Workspace; nhng thong tin ve lp vo c lu lai trong tap tin workspace ch khong
c lu trong bang nguyen thuy cua mot lp. Cac lp ban o c s dung trong
mot ban o chu e c lu trong workspace van co the c s dung e tao nhng
ban o chu e khac neu muon. Trong mot ca so ban o ta co the tao nhieu ban o
chu e t mot bang.
XIII.1.2. Chu giai trong ban o
XIII.1.2.1. Chu giai cua ban o chu e
Khi tao xong mot ban o chu e th mot chu giai cho ban o chu e ong thi
cung c tao thanh. Tuy theo loai ban o chu e ta xay dng ma chu giai co the
khac nhau tuy nhien chu giai c tao thanh bao gi cung gom hai phan chnh la ten
cua chu giai va noi dung chu giai.
Ten cua chu giai co dang <ten bang> by/with <ten trng>. V du neu nh ta lam
ban o chu e cua bang cac_tinh theo trng dan_so (xem phan v du pha di) chu
giai se co ten la cac_tinh by dan_so. Phan noi dung chu giai phu thuoc vao phng
phap lam ban o chu e ma ta chon.
Trong hau het cac trng hp, oi vi viec lam ban o chu e da tren tieng Viet
th cac chu giai c MapInfo lam t ong eu khong the s dung ngay c ma can
phai ieu chnh t nhieu. Ta co the ieu chnh chu giai ngay trong bc 3 cua qua trnh
lam ban o chu e hoac ta co the e MapInfo lam chu giai t ong roi ieu chnh sau
cung c.
e ieu chnh mot chu giai c tao ra theo mac nh, ta lam nh sau:
- Trong ca so chu giai, chon cong cu chon roi nhap chuot vao gia chu giai can
ieu chnh e chon no.
- T menu chnh chon Legend > Properties. Hop thoai Modify Thematic Map se m
ra. Hop thoai nay hoan toan giong vi hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of
3 (a trnh bay phan tren).
- Tuy theo loai ban o chu e ma se co cac nut lenh khac nhau cho phep ta ieu
Trang 161
chnh tng loai ban o chu e. Thc hien cac ieu chnh can thiet roi chon OK e
ket thuc. Cac nut lenh nay se c xem xet cu the trong tng loai ban o chu e
cac v du trong phan sau cua chng nay.
XIII.1.2.2. Lam chu giai bang lenh Create Legend
Co nhieu trng hp ta khong can lam ban o chu e ma nhieu khi ch muon lam
chu giai cho ban o. Mac du cac vat the tren ban o khi c nap d lieu vao cac
trng th ta co the s dung chc nang lam chu giai cua lenh Create Thematic Map
e lam chu giai nhng thc ra chc nang cua lenh nay la phantch d lieu. Khi ta a
ieu chnh cac kieu vat the tren ban o sao cho phu hp vi thuoc tnh cua chung th
ta co the lam chu giai trc tiep tren cac kieu vat the (xem Chng VI). Chc nang
nay co the thc hien c bang lenh Create Legend. Ta a xem xet cach s dung
lenh nay mot cach s lc mot so v du trong cac chng trc. Phan nay se thao
luan ve lenh nay mot cach chi tiet va he thong hn. Lam chu giai bang lenh nay bao
Hnh XIII.2. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 1 of 3.

gom 3 bc nh sau:
Bc 1: Chon bang can lam chu giai
- M bang can lam chu giai ra, kch hoat ca so ban o co cha bang o.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Create Legend. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 1 of 3
m ra (hnh XIII.2). O Legend Frame liet ke tat ca cac bang ang m trong ca so
c kch hoat co the lam chu giai.
- Lan lt chon nhng bang khong can lam chu giai roi nhan nut Remove e loai
chung sang o Layers ben trai, ch gi lai nhng bang can lam chu giai.
- Co the thay oi th t cua chu giai bang cach chon ten mot bang trong o Legend
Frame roi nhan nut Up hay Down e di chuyen no len hay xuong. Lam xong chon
Trang 162
Next. Hop thoai Create Legend - Step 2 of 3 m ra (hnh XIII.3.).

Bc 2: ieu chnh tieu e va kieu ch cho chu giai
Trong phan Legend Properties (thuoc tnh cua chu giai) ta co cac phan sau:
+ at ten cho ca so chu giai (neu muon) trong o Window Title.

+ Tuy chon Scroll cho phep hien th thanh cuon ngang va ng tren ca so chu
giai. Mac nh tuy chon nay c bat len.
+ nh dang trang chu giai la Portrait (ng) hay Landscape (ngang).
Phan Legend Frame Defaults (thuoc tnh cua khung chu giai) gom co cac noi
dung sau:
+ O Title Pattern: cho phep go tieu e chu giai trong o nay va chnh kieu ch bang
nut chnh kieu ch
ben phai.
+ O Subtitle Pattern: go tieu e phu neu muon, chnh kieu ch tng t.

+ O Style Name Pattern: gia tr mac nh la dau phan tram (%). Dau phan tram
tng trng cho kieu vat the c lam chu giai. V du neu vat the c lam chu
giai la kieu iem th chu giai mac nh la point, kieu ng la line, kieu vung
la region. Vat the kieu ky t se khong c lam chu giai.
+ O Border Style cho phep ve khung cho chu giai. Mac nh o nay c tat i.
Neu anh dau chon ta co the chnh ng vien cho khung chu giai bang nut
chnh kieu ng noi len khi o nay c anh dau.
Trang 163
ieu chnh cac thiet lap can thiet xong chon Next. Hop thoai Create Legend Step 3 of 3 m ra (hnh XIII.4).
Bc 3: Tao noi dung cho chu giai

- Neu ta chon tao chu giai cho nhieu lp trong bc 1 th trong o Legend Frames se
hien th ten cac lp c chon. Nhap chuot chon ten lp nao th cac thiet lap cua
lp o hien ra trong cac o ben phai. Ta co the ieu chnh cac phan sau:
+ O Title: la ni go tieu e cho chu giai cua lp c chon ben trai. Ten mac nh
cua tieu e chu giai co dang <ten lp> Legend.
+ O Subtitle: go tieu e phu neu muon. Mac nh o nay bo trong.
+ Styles from: e chon kieu (Styles) cho chu giai. Tuy chon unique map styles
(mac nh) lam chu giai theo kieu cua vat the tren ban o, co ngha la neu tren
ban o co hai kieu ng la mau en va mau o th chu giai se co hai noi dung
la ng mau en va mau o. Tuy chon unique values in column lam chu giai
theo gia tr trong mot trng nao o cua lp ang chon. Neu chon unique values in column th o pha di hien ro len e chon trng lam chu giai.
O Label Styles with dung e chon noi dung dan nhan cho chu giai. Trong menu
tha xuong o pha di ta co the chon dan nhan theo mot trng nao o cua lp
ban o. Ta cung co the dan nhan t mot trng cua mot lp khac bang chc nang
Join (Lien ket) hoac chon Expression (Bieu thc) e tao mot nhan can thiet bang
Trang 164
cach lap bieu thc.

Nut Save Frame settings to Metadata cho phep ta lu lai cac thiet lap cua khung
chu giai vao tap tin Metadata cua lp ban o o.
Lan lt chon cac lp c lam chu giai ben trai (neu lam nhieu lp) va ieu chnh
cac noi dung cac muc ben phai. Lam xong nhan Finish e ket thuc qua trnh lam
chu giai.
Chu giai se c tao ra trong mot ca so. Ca so chu giai nay co ten mac nh
la Legend of <ten cua ca so ban o co cac lp c lam chu giai> tr khi ta at ten
cho ca so nay trong o Window Title bc 1.
Neu sau khi tao xong chu giai ma ta muon tao them chu giai cho ca so ban o
o th khi chon lenh Map > Create Legend tr lai, trong o Legend Frames cua hop
thoai Create Legend - Step 1 of 3 ch hien ra danh sach nhng lp ban o nao cha
c lam chu giai ma thoi, tc la ta khong the lam chu giai hai lan cho mot lp.
Sau khi chu giai c tao xong, neu ta muon chnh sa chu giai nao th s dung
cong cu chon tren thanh cong cu Main e nhap chuot chon chu giai o roi t menu
chnh chon Legend > Properties. Hop thoai Legend Frame Properties (Thuoc tnh cua
Khung Chu giai) cua chu giai o se c m ra. Trong hop thoai nay ta ch co the
chnh sa c tieu e cua chu giai (o Title), tieu e phu (o Subtitle), khung chu giai
(tuy chon Border Style) va noi dung chu giai trong phan Styles, ong thi chnh kieu
ch cua tng thanh phan o. Ta khong the chnh lai cac kieu vat the c chu giai.
Neu muon xoa i mot chu giai nao o trong ca so chu giai ta dung cong cu e
nhap chuot chon chu giai o roi nhan phm <Delete>. Neu tren ca so chu giai ch co
chu giai cua mot lp th neu chon no roi nhan phm <Delete> th ca so chu giai cung
ong lai luon.
Khi chu giai a c tao xong va hien th trong ca so chu giai, neu ta nhap chuot
vao nut ong ca so nay lai th chu giai se b mat. Chu giai tao bang lenh Create
Legend c lu bang lenh Save Workspace.
XIII.2. MOT SO V DU
Trong phan nay chung ta se xem xet mot so v du minh hoa cho cac kieu ban o
chu e tren. Cac v du nay s dung cac kieu ban o chu e cua tng loai theo mau
Default.
XIII.2.1. Kieu Ranges
M lp ban o cac_tinh. Gia s ta muon lam ban o chu e theo dan so. Ta se to
mau cho cac tnh, tnh nao ong dan se co mau am hn, tnh nao t dan se co mau
nhat hn. Lp cac_tinh cha cac vat the kieu vung nen ta se tao ban o chu e theo
kieu vung. Cach lam:
- Chon Map > Create Thematic View; hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 1 of 3
m ra.
- Trong cot Type chon Ranges, v lp tnh la mot lp kieu vung nen trong cot
Template ta chon Region Ranges Defaults.
Trang 165
- Xong chon Next; hop thoai

Create Thematic Map - Step 2
of 3 m ra
- Trong o Table chon cac_tinh
(ne u ang m nhieu l p);
trong o Fied cho n trn g
dan_so; xong chon Next; hop
thoai Create Thematic Map Step 3 of 3 m ra.
- Nhan chuot chon nut Ranges,
hop thoai Customize Ranges
m ra (hnh XIII.5). Hop thoai
nay cho phe p ta cho n so
nhom muon chia trong ban o
chu e. Trong o Method ta
chon phng phap chia nhom, Hnh XIII.5. Hop thoai Customize Ranges v du trong trng hp nay ta
ieu chnh khoang gii han trong phng
chon la Natural Break. Gia s
phap Ranges.
ta muon phan chia dan so cac
tnh ra lam 5 cap th trong o #
of Ranges ta chon la 5. Gia tr mac
nh la 4. Trong o Round by, ta chon
gia tr lam tron, gia s ta chon la 100.
Khi chon xong th o gia tr di hien
ra dong ch Press <Calc> Button to
Recalculate Ranges. Ta nhan vao nut
Recalc goc di ben trai th cac gia
tr se c tnh lai va chia thanh 5
nhom. Xong chon OK e quay tr lai
hop thoai trc. Moi lan thay oi thay
oi thong so trong cac o Method, # of
Ranges va Round by ta phai nhan nut
Recalc (Viet tat cua Recalculate - tnh
lai) e MapInfo tnh lai cac gia tr, ta
co the th cho en khi nao ng y vi
cac khoang gia tr th thoi. (xem them
phan nh ngha phng phap chia
nhom trong phan ///).
- Nhan chuot chon nut Style. Hop thoai
Customize Range Styles m ra (Hnh
XIII.6). Hop thoai nay cho phep ta
chnh kieu chia thang mau theo cap
o, mau nhat la gia tr thap, mau am
la gia tr cao, chon kieu mau ta muon
roi chon OK. Nhap chuot vao o am
nhat e chon thang mau.
- Nhan chuot chon nut Legend e vao
Hnh XIII.6. Hop thoai Customize

Ranges Styles - ieu chnh kieu
cua tng khoang gii han.
Trang 166
hop thoai Customize Legend (Hnh XIII.7). Trong phan Legend o Title, ta go tieu
e chu giai, v du Phan loai dan so (ch thc s hien ra la Phaon loaui Daon
soo), chon kieu ch bang nut chon ch pha di. goc di ben phai ta co hai
tuy chon Show this Range va Show Record Count. Hai tuy chon nay mac nh bat
len. Ta co the chon mot nhom gia tr nao trong o Range labels pha tren roi tat chon
trong Show this Range e khong hien th nhom gia tr o trong chu giai neu muon.
O Show Record Count hien th so vat the trong ban o thuoc gia tr trong nhom o.
Hnh XIII.7. Hop thoai Cutomize Legend e ieu chnh chu giai.
Ta se giai thch them ngay phan di. Lam xong chon OK, quay tr lai hop thoai
Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3.
- Trong phan Preview (xem trc) ta thay ket qua hien th cua chu giai. phan
Legend Label Order, co hai tuy chon la Ascending (sap th t gia tr t nho en ln)
la Descending (sap th t t ln en nho). Chon th t ta muon roi chon OK.
Ket qua cuoi cung la ban o c to mau theo so dan cua tng tnh (hnh XIII.8).
Ta se xem xet chu giai. Ta thay gia tr cao nhat (mau am nhat) la 2,6000 to 5,100
(4). ieu nay co ngha la nhng tnh co dan so t 2,600 en 5,100 (tc hai trieu sau
en nam trieu mot, v n v tnh dan so nap trong trng nay tnh bang nghn ngi)
c to mau am nhat va co tat ca 4 tnh co so dan trong khoang o. Tng t nh
vay cho cac gia tr sau.
Nh vay ta thay rang ta a to mau c cho lp cac_tinh theo so dan, chia lam 5
cap, c to mau t nhat en am theo so dan t thap en cao.
Ta co the nhap up chuot vao chu giai vao hop thoai Modify Thematic Map (hoac
Trang 167
kch hoat ca so ban o, chon Map > Modify

Thematic Map). Hop thoai nay tng t nh
hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3,
cho phep ta chnh lai tat ca cac yeu to cua
chu giai cung nh cach to mau. Hay th cac
gia tr khac nhau trong cac nut Ranges,
Style, Legend e thay s thay oi.
V du ta thay chu giai mac nh la
2,600 to 5,100 (4). Ta muon sa chu giai
thanh tieng Viet th co the lam nh sau:
- Nhap up chuot vao chu giai m hop thoai
Modify Thematic Map ra.
- Chon nut Legend e vao hop thoai
Customize Legend.
- Trong phan Range Labels ta chon khoang
gia tr 2,600 to 5,100, th dong gia tr nay
cung hien len trong o Edited selected range
here. Ta sa lai thanh 2,6 trieu en 5,1 trieu
(dong hien ra thc s la 2,6 trieou ueon 5,1
trieou), nh la n v tnh dan so ay la
1000 ngi. Chnh kieu ch thanh tieng Viet
bang nut chnh kieu ch cua phan Range
Labels. Lam tng t vi cac khoang gia tr
khac, ta se c chu giai bang tieng Viet
(hnh XIII.9).
Hnh XIII.8. Ket qua tao ban o chu

e kieu Ranges cho dan so cac
tnh.
Hnh XIII.9. Chnh chu giai mac

nh thanh tieng Viet.
Dung lenh File > Save workspace e

lu lai ket qua to mau tren neu muon.
XII.2.2. Kieu Bar Chart
e minh hoa cho kieu ban o chu e
nay, ta can mot ban o khac. Ta se s dung
ban o dan so cua Viet Nam, so lieu nam
1996, bang POP_DIST. Ban o nay co cac
trng ve dan so cac o tuoi khac nhau.
Xin lu y rang so lieu nay ch la so lieu tham
khao. Neu m bang d lieu cua ban o nay
ra, ta se thay bang nay co cac cot nh sau:
Name (ten tnh, bang tieng Anh), M_0_to_4
(so be trai t 0 en 4 tuoi), F_0_to_4 (so be
gai t 0 en 4 tuoi),... Gia s ta muon bieu
th mot ban o hien th so be trai va so be gai
t 0 en 4 tuoi cua cac tnh bang bieu o cot
tren ban o. Cach lam nh sau:
- M lp ban o POP_DIST.
Trang 168
Hnh XIII.10. Chon nhieu trng e tao ban o

chu e kieu bieu o cot (Bar Chart).
- Trong cot Type chon Bar Chart; trong Template Name chon Bar Chart Default, xong
chon Next.
- Trong o Fields from Table ta chon
M_0_to_4 roi nhan nut Add, chon tiep
F_0_to_4 roi chon nut Add. Hai trng
nay se hien len trong o Fields From
Pie/Bar Chart. Xong chon Next (hnh
XIII.10).
- Hop thoai Create Thematic map - Step
3 of 3 m ra. Ta thay trong o Preview
hie n ra chu giai Bar Chart of
POP_DIST. Trng M_0_to_4 c
bie u th ban g mau o, trn g
F_0_to_4 c bieu th bang mau
xanh.
- Ta co the oi mau bang nut Style e
vao hop thoai Customize Style (hnh
XIII.11).
+ O Fields hien th danh sach cac
trng can tao bieu o. Chon
trng muon oi mau, mau mac
nh cua trng o se hien len ben
phai. Nhan vao nut Brush e oi
mau neu muon.
+ Trong phan Chart Type di, ta
co hai kieu ve bieu o cot. Kieu th
nhat la Multiple Bars, tc cac cot
Hnh XIII.11. Hop thoai Customize Bar

Styles e ieu chnh kieu cua ban
o chu e Bar Chart.
Trang 169
c ve ri nhau. Neu chon kieu nay ta co the anh dau chon vao o
Independent Scales hay khong. Neu khong chon th cac bieu o cot c ve co
ty le vi nhau theo gia tr cua chung, neu anh dau chon th cac cot se co gia
tr khong ty le vi nhau. Kieu th hai la kieu Stacked (don cot), tc la gia tr trong
cac trng c chon c xep chong len nhau. Ta co tuy chon la Graduated
Stack, neu anh dau chon th chieu day cac bieu o cot se ty le vi nhau tng
ng vi gia tr trong trng, neu khong chon th bieu o cot c hien th khong
theo ty le. Tuy chon mac nh la Multiple Bars va khong chon Independent
Scales, ta se dung tuy chon nay. Neu chon Stacked th o Independent Scales
mac nh la khong chon (cac cot ty le vi nhau).
+ Phan cuoi cung la Chart Dimensions, cho phep ta ieu chnh kch thc cot bieu
o. Phan Height va Width tng ng la chieu cao va chieu rong cua cot, phan
At value la gia tr v du tng ng vi kch thc cot c chnh. Ben phai hop
thoai nay la nut Options >> cho phep ta tuy chnh them bieu o cot.Neu nhan
chuot chon nut nay th mot Menu phu na se m ra va co them nhieu tuy chon
chi tiet hn na. Lu y la trong phan chnh kch thc bieu o, can chu y en
ty le ban o e chon kch thc bieu o sao cho can oi, phu hp vi ty le ban
o. Khi a chnh xong kch thc bieu o, sau nay neu ta phong to-thu nho ban
Hnh XIII.12. ieu chnh chu giai trong hop thoai Customize Legend.
o th kch thc bieu o se phong to thu nho theo ong thi chu giai cung thay
oi theo mot cach tng ng vi s thay oi tren ban o.
+ Phan Orientation cho phep ta chon kieu nh hng cua bieu o cot.
+ Phan Bar Attributes cho phep ta chnh nh dang cua bieu o; Border Pen e
chnh ng vien cua bieu o cot, Frame Brush e to mau cho nen cua bieu o
cot.
Trang 170
+ Phan Graduated Size By co cac tuy chon Square Root, Constant va Log. Phan
nay cho phep ta quy nh phng phap ve bieu o theo ty le cac so lieu. Square
Root la ve ty le theo can bac hai; Constant la ve ty le theo hang so, tc theo gia
tr thc cua so lieu; Log la ve ty le theo logarit thap phan. Thong thng ta nen
s dung tuy chon Constant. Ch nen s dung hai tuy chon kia khi nao gia tr d
lieu rat ln va khoang cach gia chung xa nhau.
+ Chnh cac tuy chon can thiet xong roi chon OK.
- Chon nut Legend e chnh chu giai. Trong phan Legend, o Title gia s ta go: So
be trai va gai t 0 en 4 tuoi, chnh kieu ch can thiet neu muon. Ta chnh noi
dung chu giai trong phan Range Labels. V du ta chon M_0_to_4, va sa lai trong
o Edit Selected Range here thanh Be trai t 0 en 4 tuoi. Tng t vay ta sa
chu giai F_0_to_4 thanh Be gai t 0 en 4 tuoi. Nh chnh kieu ch thanh tieng
Hnh XIII.13. Ket qua ban o chu e kieu Bar Chart.

Viet bang Nut Font cua phan Range Labels. Lam xong chon OK (hnh XIII.12).
- Kiem tra trong phan Preview xem a ng y cha. Neu c chon OK e hoan tat.
Ta thay rang moi tnh se hien ra hai cot bieu o tng ng cho so be trai va gai
t 0 en 4 tuoi tng ng cua tng tnh (hnh XIII.13). Bieu o cot c ve ngay tai
trong tam cua vung (v tnh la mot lp kieu vung). Neu bieu o c at tai v tr khong
phu hp th ta can phai chnh lai trong tam cua vung o. Xem chnh trong tam cua vat
the kieu vung trong Chng V, muc V.1.2.2. Ta co the nhap up vao gia chu giai
e vao hop thoai Modify Thematic Map e ieu chnh lai bieu o neu cha ng y.
Trong ca so chu giai ta thay cot chu giai co gia tr mau (trong v du nay la 280,000),
o cao tng ng cua bieu o trong chu giai tng ng vi gia tr o. Cac bieu o
Trang 171
c hien th trong ban o se tng ng vi gia tr o. Khi ta phong to hay thu nho
ban o, cac cot tren ban o va chu giai cung thay oi theo mot cach tng ng.
Kieu Pie Chart hoan toan tng t kieu Bar Chart. oc gia hay t tm hieu.
XII.2.3. Kieu Graduated
Ta se s dung lai lp ban o cac_tinh e thc hien v du nay.
- M lp ban o cac_tinh. Chon Map > Create Thematic Map.
- Trong phan Type chon nut Graduated, ben phan Template Name chon Population
(dan so); chon Next.
- Trong bc 2, o Table chon bang cac_tinh, o Field chon dan_so, xong chon
Next.
- Trong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 m ra, ta thay phan Preview
moi hnh ngi va o ln cua no tng trng cho mot so dan nao o. Ta co the
nhan chuot vao nut Settings e sa lai gia tr nay. Nhan chuot vao nut Legend e
Hnh XIII.14. Ban o chu e theo dan so tnh kieu Graduated.
Trang 172
chnh lai ten chu giai va noi dung

chu giai thanh tieng Viet. Xong chon
OK.
Ket qua la moi tnh c ve
mot hnh ngi, o ln cua hnh
ngi o tng ng vi so dan cua
tnh o trong trng dan_so (hnh
XIII.14). Tng t nh ban o chu e
kieu Bar Chart, cac hnh ngi c
at ngay trong tam cua cac vung
(tnh). V vay neu chung nam lech
khoi mot tnh nao o, ta nen chnh lai
trong tam cac tnh o.
Tuy noi dung ban o chu e
ma trong bc 1, ta co the chon cac
bieu tn g kha c nhau nh
Population (dan so), Restaurants
(nha ha ng), CRIME (toi pham),
INCOME (thu nhap),...
Hnh XIII.15. Ban o chu e kieu Dot

Density (mat o iem).
10.2.4. Kieu Dot Density

Ta cung s dung ban o cac_tinh
trong v du nay.
- M ban o cac_tinh.
- Trong phan Type, cho n Dot
Density; ben o trong ben Template
Name, cho n ma c nh la Dot
Density, Red dots; xong chon Next.
- Trong bc 2, o Table chon
cac_tinh, o Field chon dan_so; xong
chon Next.
Hnh XIII.16. Ban o chu e kieu Individual.
- phan Preview ta thay chu giai co

noi dung 1 Dot = 110 co ngha la 1
cham bang 110 n v (n v tnh
trong cot dan_so la nghn ngi, nh
vay 1 cham bang 110 nghn ngi).
Co the chnh lai gia tr nay neu muon
bang nut Settings. Nut nay cung cho
phep ta chnh lai kch c va mau cua
cham tren ban o. S dung nut
Legend e chnh tieu e chu giai
(phan Legend/Title) va noi dung chu
giai (phan Range Labels/Edit selected range here). Chnh xong chon
Trang 173
OK.
Ket qua tao thanh la mot ban o vi cac cham phan bo trong cac tnh (hnh
XIII.15), moi cham tng ng vi mot so dan do ta quy nh trong bc 3. Kieu ban
o nay cho ta mot khai niem tng oi ve mat o cua chu e, trong trng hp nay
la mat o cua dan so.
XIII.2.5. Kieu Individual
ay la kieu to mau ma cac vat the cung mot thuoc tnh nao o trong mot trng
se co chung mot mau. Kieu nay a c v du trong Chng VIII, Trnh bay Ban o,
mot so v du khac trong Chng XI, Ca so Trnh bay. Ta se xem xet them mot v
du na. Gia s ta tao them mot trng na trong lp cac_tinh goi la trng Mien
(mien) kieu Small Integer va nap vao o quy c cho cac mien nh sau: so 1 la mien
Bac, so 2 la mien Trung va so 3 la mien Nam. Ta se dung trng nay e to mau cho
3 mien Bac-Trung-Nam.
- M lp cac_tinh (neu cha m).
- Trong cot Type chon Individual, trong o Template Name chon Region IndValue
Default; xong chon Next.
- bc 2, trong o Table chon cac_tinh, trong o Field chon Mien; xong chon Next.
- Nhan nut Style e chnh kieu mau cho ng y; nhan Legend e sa lai chu giai trong
phan Range Labels, 1 sa thanh Mien Bac, 2 sa thanh Mien Trung va 3 sa thanh
Mien Nam. Hoan tat th chon OK.
Ket qua se tao thanh mot ban o 3 mien (hnh XIII.16). Cac tnh nao cung mot
mien th se co chung mot mau.
XIII.2.6. Kieu Grid
XIII.2.6.1. Tao tap tin grid
ay la kieu ban o chu e
tng oi ac biet. Khi tao ban
o chu e kieu nay, mot ban
mi c tao ra goi la anh grid
(grid image). Bang nay bao
gom hai tap tin, mot tap tin .tab
va mot tap tin .mig. Khi tao
xong ban o kieu nay, ta khong
can phai lu thanh tap tin workspace cung c ma co the m
bang grid sau nay mot cach
oc lap. Kieu ban o chu e
nay cho phep ta co nhng
thong tin do MapInfo noi suy so
lieu tai nhng vung khong co
so lieu. Kieu grid la mot kieu
Hnh XIII.17. Ban o ng bnh o.
Trang 174
ban o chu e tng oi phc tap

mac du no tao ra ket qua rat an
tng. Kieu ban o chu e nay se
c thao luan chi tiet hn phan
sau. ay ta ch xem qua v du e
minh hoa.
Ta se xem xet mot v du kha
kinh ien cua kieu ban o chu e
nay la ban o a hnh. ay ta co
mot bang bao gom nhng ng
bnh o (o cao) cua mot khu vc
(hnh XIII.17). Bang nay ch co mot
trng duy nhat la trng o cao
tnh bang met. Cach lam:
- Khi ong MapInfo va m bang
co ten la do_cao (o cao) ra.
- T menu chnh chon Map >
Create Thematic Map. Hop
Thoai Create Thematic Map Step 1 of 3 m ra.
- Trong cot Type ta nhap chuot
chon nut Grid, ben phan
Template Name ta chon Grid
Default.
Hnh XIII.18. Chon bang, trng va at ten

cho tap tin grid trong bc 2.
- Chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 2 of 3 m ra (hnh XIII.18).
- Trong o Table chon bang do_cao, trong o Field chon do_cao_m.
- Tuy trng hp ta co the anh dau vao o Ignore Zeroes or Blanks. Neu anh dau
tuy chon nay th nhng ban ghi nao co gia tr bang 0 hay trng rong (khong co
gia tr) se b bo qua, khong c a vao phan tch.
- Trong phan Grid Options, o Table ta co the chon mot bang kieu vung nao o e
cat tap tin grid se c tao thanh sau nay. Neu ta khai bao ten mot bang kieu vung
trong nay th khi tao tap tin grid, nhng o gia tr nam ngoai (cac) vung cua tap tin
c khai bao se b xoa bo.
- Trong o Grid File Name, ta phai khai bao ng dan e lu tap tin grid se c tao
thanh trong phng phap nay. Tap tin grid co uoi m rong la .mig. Theo mac nh
ten tap tin grid se co dang <ten bang>_<ten trng>.mig. Tuy nhien ta co the thay
oi ten tap tin neu muon. Gia s ta muon lu tap tin nay trong o a D:\, th muc
ban_do, ten tap tin grid la do_cao_grid th trong o nay ta se go nh sau:
D:\ban_do\do_cao_grid.mig. Ta cung co the nhap chuot vao nut Browse
e m hop thoai Choose Directory va chon th muc lu tap tin grid.
- Chnh xong cac thiet lap chon Next. Hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3
m ra (hnh XIII.19).
O Preview hien th mau chu giai ty le cua tng nhom gia tr, trong o mau mac
nh la xanh dng co gia tr thap nhat va chuyen sang mau o la mau co gia tr cao
Trang 175
Hnh XIII.19. ieu chnh chu giai grid trong bc 3.
Hnh XIII.21. Ca so chu giai

cua ban o grid sau khi
c ieu chnh.
Hnh XIII.20. Ket qua tao ban o grid
t bang do_cao.
Trang 176
nhat. Nut Settings dung e ieu chnh kch thc o gia tr cua tap tin grid. Nut Styles
cho phep thiet lap che o hien th mau cung nh phan nhom cua tap tin grid. Nut
Legend cho phep thiet lap chu giai. O Interpolator cho biet trnh noi suy nao c s
dung e xay dng tap tin grid. Phan Template cho phep lu cac thiet lap cua ta thanh
mot tap tin mau. Hai nut Ascending va Descending cho phep chnh th t sap xep cua
chu giai.
- Nhap chuot chon nut Style, hop thoai Grid Appearance m ra.
- Trong o Method ta chon phng phap Equal Value Ranges roi chon OK e quay lai
hop thoai trc.
- Chon nut Legend e m hop thoai Customize Legend ra. Chnh kieu ch ve tieng
Viet tai nhng o can thiet. Trong o Title ta go Chu giai o cao. Trong phan
Range Labels, cac gia tr mac nh ch la nhng con so (la o cao tnh bang met
trong trng do_cao_m) ta nhap chuot vao tng gia tr va go them ch m e cho
biet n v o o cao la met. Lam xong chon OK e quay lai hop thoai trc o.
- Chon OK e ong hop thoai Create Thematic Map - Step 3 of 3 va ket thuc lenh
tao tap tin grid.
MapInfo se tnh toan mot chut va tao ra mot tap tin grid c to mau theo gia tr
cua cac ng o cao va chu giai cung c tao ra (hnh XIiI.20 va XIII.21). Neu nhap
chuot vao nut chon tren thanh cong cu Main va di chuyen chuot lai ca so ban o
grid, ta se thay rang moi khi dng chuot tren mot v tr nao no, gia tr o cao cua v tr
o se hien len tai con tro chuot.
Nh a trnh bay trong phan tren, phng phap grid xay dng ban o chu e theo
cac d lieu dang iem. Tuy nhien v du nay ta xay dng ban o chu e t cac d
lieu kieu ng. Trong trng hp nay MapInfo se xay dng ban o chu e t cac
iem not cua tng ng va gia tr cua ng o se c gan cho tat ca cac not thuoc
Hnh XIII.22. Qua trnh tao tap tin grid t mot lp ban o la ng bnh o (A)
thc chat can c tren cac iem not cua cac ng bnh o o (B).
Trang 177
Hnh XIII.23. Hop thoai Create 3D Map - tao anh 3 chieu.

ng o e xay dng ban o chu e. V du neu ta co mot ng bnh o co gia tr
la 500 (met) th tat ca cac iem not thuoc ng o eu c gan gia tr la 500 trong
qua trnh xay dng ban o chu e (hnh hnh XIII.22).
Lu y rang trong chu giai ta ch co 5 cap o mau, nhng thc te tren ban o co
nhieu hn. Nhng o tren ban o grid co gia tr trung gian gia cac khoang gia tr trong
chu giai se c to mau trung gian. Nam gia tr tren chu giai c goi la cac iem
uon (Inflection Value).
XIII.2.6.2. Tao ban o 3 chieu 3D t tap tin grid
Sau khi a tao c tap tin grid va m no ra, lenh Create 3D Map tren menu Map
se hien ro, cho phep tao ban o 3 chieu. Ban o 3 chieu thng c xay dng t
lp ban o o cao e cho ra mo hnh 3 chieu cua a hnh. Tuy nhien ta co the s
dung lenh nay e minh hoa cho nhng so lieu khac, v du ta co the lam mo hnh 3
chieu cho lng ma trung bnh o c tai cac tram kh tng, hoac s dung mo
hnh 3 chieu e minh hoa cho so lieu ve toc o tang dan cua cac thanh pho chang
han,...
e tao mo hnh 3D, ta lam nh sau:
- M tap tin grid a tao ra bang lenh File > Open Table.
- T menu chnh chon Map > Create 3D Map. Hop thoai Create 3D Map m ra (hnh
23). Hop thoai nay gom co cac phan:
+ Trong phan Camera, ta ch nh v tr cua quan sat (tc goc nhn) trong hai o
Horizontal Angle (goc nhn ngang) va Vertical Angle (goc nhn ng).
+ Trong phan Light, khai bao v tr va o cao cua nguon sang trong cac o X, Y,
Z. di co nut Color cho phep chon mau cua nguon sang.
+ Trong phan Appearance, xac nh n v o khoang cach trong o Units. Neu
ban o ng bnh o cua ta co gia tr o cao la met th ta chon trong o nay la
Trang 178
meters. Neu ta lap ban o 3 chieu t so lieu khong

lien quan g en a hnh th chon tuy chon none.
Phan Resolution dung e khai bao o phan giai cua
anh 3D theo chieu ngang va chieu rong. Lu y rang
gia tr nap vao cang ln th anh 3D cang mn nhng
se lam may tnh chay cham hn. O Scale cho phep
xac nh o phong ai chieu cao, gia tr mac nh la
mot. Di cung la o Color cho phep chon mau nen.
- Khai bao xong cac thong so tren, chon OK. Ban o 3D
se c ve trong mot ca so co ten dang <ten tap tin
grid> 3D Map.
Khi ca so 3D Map m ra va c kch hoat, tren menu
chnh xuat hien mot menu khac co ten la 3D Map (hnh
XIII.24). Menu nay dung e ieu chnh cac tnh chat cua
anh 3D. No gom co cac noi dung sau:
Hnh XIII.24.
Menu 3D Map
- Refresh Grid Texture: cap nhat lai anh 3D. Neu tap tin grid c s dung e tao
anh 3D nay co thay oi th ta dung lenh nay e cap nhat lai nhng thay oi o.
- Clone View: tng t lenh Clone View trong menu Map, lenh nay tao ra mot ca so
ban o 3D th hai.
- Previous View: Quay lai che o trc o.
- View Entire Grid: thay oi ty le cua anh 3D e co the nhn thay toan o anh.
Hnh XIII.25. Hop thoai ViewPoint Control - ieu chnh tam nhn cua anh 3D.
Trang 179
- Wire Frame: bat/tat che o ve li tren be mat anh 3D.

- Viewpoint Control: chon lenh nay se m ra hop thoai ViewPoint Control (hnh
XIII.25) e ieu chnh tam nhn cua anh 3D. Hop thoai nay bao gom cac phan sau:
+ Where am I?: la phan khung ben phai hien th anh 3D cho phep ta quan sat s
thay oi khi ieu chnh cac thong so.
+ Rotate ViewPoint: nhap chuot vao cac mui ten trong phan nay se lam cho anh
3D xoay e thay oi goc nhn.
+ Pan ViewPoint: nhap chuot vao cac mui ten e di chuyen anh 3D len-xuong,
qua trai - qua phai va di chuyen xien 45 o theo cac hng.
+ Zoom Level: hai nut In va Out dung e phong to va thu nho anh 3D trong khung
Where am I?.
+ Mapper View: nhap chuot vao nut nay se di chuyen anh 3D ve che o nhn
giong nh tap tin grid (nhn 2 chieu, tc la nhn thang t tren xuong).
ieu chnh cac thiet lap xong nhan nut Apply e xem s thay oi cua anh 3D. Neu
cam thay ng y, nhap chuot chon OK e ong hop thoai nay lai. Anh 3D trong ca
so 3D Map se c ve lai theo cac ieu chnh trong hop thoai nay.
- Properties: phan nay cho phep vao hop thoai 3DMap Properties e ieu chnh cac
thuoc tnh cua anh 3D. Hop thoai nay hoan toan giong vi hop thoai Create 3D
Map luc au, ngoai tr no khong co hai muc la Camera va Units.
Tren ca so anh 3D, neu s dung nut chon tren thanh cong cu Main, gi chuot
trai tren anh 3D va re chuot th ta cung co the quay anh 3D c. Nut cong cu
Grabber cung co the c s dung e di chuyen anh 3D len xuong. Ta cung co the
s dung cac nut phong to thu nho.
Tng t nh tren tap tin grid, khi di chuyen en v tr nao th gia tr cua v tr o
se hien len.
Anh 3D co the c lu lai bang lenh File > Save Workspace.
XIII.3. CACH CHIA NHOM CUA PHNG PHAP
RANGES TRONG LAP BAN O CHU E
Trong phng phap theo kieu Ranges, hop thoai Customize Ranges, tai o
Method co nhieu phng phap phan nhom gia tr Ranges. Cac phng phap o la:
XIII.3.1. Equal Count (So lng bang nhau)
Trong phng phap chia nhom nay, so ban ghi trong tng khoang gii han bang
nhau. V du trong bang cua ta co 200 ban ghi th khi chia lam bon nhom trong phng
phap Equal Count, MapInfo tnh toan cac khoang gii han sao cho chung co khoang
50 ban ghi cho moi nhom (goi khoang la bi v so lng ban ghi con phu thuoc vao
he so lam tron do ta quy nh trong o Round By tren hop thoai Customize Ranges).
Khi s dung phng phap nay (cung nh bat ky phng phap chia nhom nao khac)
chung ta phai e y xem co nhng gia tr thai qua nao co the anh hng en ban o
chu e cua ta hay khong (trong thong ke nhng gia tr thai qua o c goi la gia tr
ngoai le - outlier).
Trang 180
V du neu ta xem xet bang 1 va thc hien chia nhom theo phng phap Equal
Count va phan lam 4 nhom theo lng th ta se c 4 nhom bao gom (1-2), (3-4),
(5-6) va (7-8). Tuy nhien nhom (1-2) th lng cua ngi th nhat lai qua thap so
vi lng cua ngi th hai, tng t nh vay nhom (5-6) lng cua ngi th nam
qua thap so vi ngi th sau. Trong trng hp nay s phan nhom nh tren se tr
nen khong co y ngha may hoac co the tao ra ket qua ma ta khong mong muon.
XIII.3.2. Equal Ranges (Khoang gii han bang nhau)
Phng phap na y phan
chia ban ghi theo cac khoang
gia tr cach eu nhau. V du
neu ta trong d lieu ta co gia tr
la t 1 en 100 th neu chia
theo phng phap nay lam 4
nhom ta se co : nhom 1: t 1
en 25, nhom 2: 26 en 50,
nhom 3: 51 en 75 va nhom 4:
76 en 100.
STT
Ten
Thu nhap
hang thang (ong)
o Van I
500.000
Nguyen Th G
2.000.000
Vo Van D
2.500.000
Le Van H
2.800.000
Cung trong v du tren neu

5
Tran Van E
3.500.000
ta bao MapInfo chia so lieu
thanh 4 nhom eu nhau bang
6
Nguyen Van A
7.500.000
phng phap Equal Ranges
7
Bui Van C
8.500.000
theo lng th MapInfo se chia
cac nhom cach nhau mot
8
Tran Th B
10.000.000
khoang gia tr la 2.375.000 (tc
lay khoang chenh lech gia tr
Bang 1. V du phan nhom cua
nho nhat va ln nhat la 10 trieu
phng phap Ranges.
tr i 500 nghn va chia cho 4)
va se co 4 nhom lng la:
1 - 500.000 en 2.875.000 (so 1 en 4)
2 - tren 2.875.000 en 5.250.000 (so 5)
3 - tren 5.250.000 en 7.625.000 (so 6)
4 - tren 7.625.000 en 10.000.000 (7 en 8)
Neu ta e y trong phep chia gia tr eu nh the nay th s phan chia cha chac
a hp ly v trong nhom 1 lng cua ngi th nhat rat thap nhng lai c xep vao
cung mot nhom vi 3 ngi kia.
Lu y rang trong phng phap nay, tuy theo s phan bo so lieu cua ta ma co the
co nhom khong co ban ghi nao ca. Gia s nh trong v du tren neu ta thay lng cua
ngi th nhat thanh 2.000.000 ong/thang th bang cach tnh toan tng t va s
dung chia nhom theo kieu Equal Ranges, ta se thay rang nhom hai khong co ngi
nao (oc gia hay t tnh v du nay).
XIII.3.3. Natural Break
Phng phap nay chia cac khoang gia tr theo mot thuat toan s dung gia tr trung
bnh cua moi khoang gii han e phan bo d lieu mot cach eu an hn gia cac
Trang 181
khoang gia tr. No phan bo cac gia tr sao cho tr trung bnh cua moi khoang gii han
cang sat vi cac gia tr trong khoang gii han o cang tot. Phng phap nay am bao
rang cac khoang gii han c bieu th bang tr trung bnh cua khoang o tot nhat va
cac gia tr d lieu trong tng khoang gii han kha gan nhau. ay co le la phng phap
chia khoang gia tr hu ch nhat neu ta muon thc hien phan nhom gia tr d lieu theo
kieu thap - trung bnh - cao (3 nhom) hay rat thap - thap - trung bnh - cao - rat cao
(5 nhom).
XIII.3.4. Standard Deviation (o lech chuan)
Trong phng phap nay khoang gii han gia cha gia tr trung bnh cua cac
gia tr ca the va cac khoang gii han ln hn va nho hn khoang gii han gia la o
lech chuan ln hn hay nho hn tr trung bnh.
XIII.3.5. Quantile (phan v)
Phng phap nay cho phep ta xay dng cac khoang gii han sao cho chung xac
nh c s phan bo cua bien so dung e tao ban o chu e theo mot khoang gia
tr nao o trong d lieu cua ta. V du ta co the phan v dan so cua mot tnh theo dan
so song vung nong thon e minh hoa dan so nong thon phan bo nh the nao trong
nc ta. Chu giai tao thanh trong trng hp nay khong ghi ro rang ta a s dung
phng phap phan v e chia khoang gii han. Ta co the ieu chnh chu giai sao cho
no ch ra trng nao a c s dung e phan v bang d lieu.
XIII.3.6. Custom (Tuy chon)
Phng phap nay cho ta quyen kiem soat hoan toan viec phan chia khoang gia
tr trong d lieu. Ta phai t thiet lap cac khoang gia tr bang cach xac nh so lng
nhom va go gia tr khoang gii han cua tng nhom.
Tham gia kha hc mapinfo y

http://www.huytraining.com/course/huong-dan-mapinfo-professional
Trang 182

Hướng đẫn sử dụng Mapinfo bằng tiếng việt

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Hướng đẫn sử dụng Mapinfo bằng tiếng việt

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

TI LIU

HNG DN S DNG MAPINFO

c hng dn chi tit bng video bn c th tham gia kha hc ny

Bm Next/ iu User name v Organization (ty)

Cc bc tip theo c bm Next theo mc nh khng thay i g.

2. Ci xong bn Thot chng trnh Mapinfo

B1: Chy ci t mc Setup.exe.

B2: Copy 2 file trong th mc

B3: Chy file: MapInfoProfessional12.0.2MaintenanceRelease.exe va copy mc

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Thanh cong cu Main

Thanh cong cu Drawing

Thanh Trang thai

Hnh I.2. Man hnh MapInfo che o thng s dung nhat

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

thanh cong cu Standard.

tren thanh cong cu DBMS.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

- Close DBMS Connection: ong

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

- Page Set Up: nh dang trang in.

cong cu Standard. oi vi d lieu, lenh nay

Hnh 1.4. Menu Edit

tren thanh cong cu Standard. Neu ca so d

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

tren thanh cong cu Standard.

tren thanh cong cu Drawing.

tren thanh cong cu Main.

II.2.1.3. Menu Tools

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

- Arclink: la phan lien quan en viec chuyen oi gia

Hnh I.5. Menu Tools

- Universal Translator: la trnh ng dung cho phep

Hnh I.6. Menu Objects

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Hnh I.7. Menu Query

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Hnh II.8. Menu Table

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

mau en, net day 1 pixel.

Hnh II.9. Menu Options

- Text Style: ieu chnh kieu ch, tng

neu ta m thanh cong cu Tools. Khi thc

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Hnh II.10. Menu Map

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Chng X, muc X.1.2.

tren thanh cong cu Standard. Ca so mi nay co the la toan

tren thanh cong cu Standard. Ca so ban o mi nay co the

tren thanh cong cu

Standard. Chi tiet lenh nay c

Hnh I.11. Menu Window

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

tng ng vi nut lenh New Redistricter Button

tren thanh cong cu

Standard. Chi tiet c trnh bay trong Chng XIV.

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

Hnh II.13. Thanh cong cu Standard

PDF created with pdfFactory Pro trial version www.pdffactory.com

7 - Graph Select Button: chon mot gia tr tren bieu o. oi