TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES

938 Aurora Boulevard Cubao, Quezon City

A Project in Partial Fulfilment for the Requirements in

CE473
(TIMBER DESIGN)

Entitled as

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

Of a Proposed Two Storey Timber Residential House

Submitted by
EMMANUEL M. LAZO

Submitted to
Engr. Billy I. Rejuso

October, 2015

ABSTACT

This project is entitled as A Structural Analysis and Design of a Proposed Two-Storey Timber
Residential House is presented by Emmanuel M. Lazo, as partial fulfilment for the requirements for CE
473 (Timber Design).
The project was about structural analysis and design of identified parts of a two storey timber
residential structure. Design specifications from NSCP were utilized in the design process. The parts
analysed and designed included: joists, beams, truss, columns and connections. Design schedule and
member details of the structure were also presented in the last chapter.

TABLE OF CONTENTS
CHAPTER 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND........................................................................................................3
1.1 Introduction.............................................................................................................................................3
1.2 The Project..............................................................................................................................................6
1.3 Project Objectives...................................................................................................................................6
1.4 Project Scope and Limitation..................................................................................................................7
1.5 Project Development Process................................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS........................................................................................................................9
2.1 Architectural Plans..................................................................................................................................9
2.2 Structural Plans.....................................................................................................................................13
2.3 Truss Details.........................................................................................................................................17
2.4 Structural Idealization...........................................................................................................................20
2.5 List of Loading per Area........................................................................................................................21
CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN................................................................................22
3.1 Design Process for Joists, Beams, and Girders...................................................................................22
I. SECOND FLOOR....................................................................................................................................23
I.A Design of Floor Sheathing.................................................................................................................23
I.B Design of Floor Joists........................................................................................................................24
I.C Design of Beams and Girders...........................................................................................................29
II. GROUND FLOOR...................................................................................................................................38
II.A Design of Floor Sheathing................................................................................................................38
II.B Design of Floor Joists.......................................................................................................................38
II.C Design of Beams..............................................................................................................................41
3.2 Design Process for Purlins, Truss, and Columns.................................................................................49
I. Design of Purlins..................................................................................................................................49
II. Design of Truss...................................................................................................................................54
III. Design of Columns.............................................................................................................................57
3.3 Design of Connections..........................................................................................................................66
I. Beam-Column, Beam-Beam................................................................................................................69
II. Truss-Column, Truss-Beam................................................................................................................72
CHAPTER 4. DESIGN SCHEDULES AND SUMMARY.................................................................................74
4

4.1. Joists....................................................................................................................................................74
4.2. Beam/Girder Schedule.........................................................................................................................75
4.3. Columns...............................................................................................................................................76
APPENDIX - REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................77

CHAPTER 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND

1.1 Introduction
The use of timber as a structural material is not new, in fact dating back many centuries. As time
passes, developments in the various types of timber components which are available and their use in
different structural forms have occurred; new advanced timber products are now available enabling
structural engineers to achieve the performance and efficiency in building forms being demanded in the
21st century. There are thousands of species of tree from which timber can be obtained, each with different
rates of growth, structural properties and degrees of durability. The timber supply chain has responded to
natures variability and now provides repeatable product
supply from managed forests. The industry has also
created grading processes to deliver reliable technical
performance (grades) for these products. The UK
construction industry generally uses the word timber to
describe structural products of wood, whereas in North
America the word lumber is used. Wood is often used
to describe furniture and other non-structural items.
Nevertheless, all three terms are commonly used to

Figure 1. Timber as Structural Material

describe structural products.

Timber is categorised as either softwood or hardwood. Softwood is obtained from coniferous
trees and hardwood comes from broad-leaved trees. Softwood and hardwood are botanical terms and do
not necessarily refer to the density or hardness of the wood. For example Balsa, which is known to be soft
and used for building lightweight models, is a hardwood whereas Douglas Fir is a softwood with good
durability and high strength properties. Softwood is commonly used for timber structures as it is readily
available, easily worked, of relatively low cost and its fast rate of growth gives a continuous supply from
regenerated forest areas. Hardwoods are typically used for exposed structures and claddings where
durability and particular aesthetic characteristics, such as colour or grain pattern, are required.
As a natural and renewable building material, timber has excellent ecological attributes. It acts as a
carbon sink and has low embodied energy. The energy needed to convert trees into wood and hence into
structural timber is significantly lower than that required by other structural materials such as steel and
concrete.
6

Advantages of Timber as Construction Material

Thermal Properties. Wood does not practically expand against heat. On the contrary, by the effect
of heat, it dries out and gains strength. The coefficient of thermal conductivity of the wood is very low. For
this reason, wood is used for making matches, handles of hardware equipment, ceilings and wall coverings.
Mechanical Properties. Although wood is a light material, its strength is quite high. For instance,
while the tensile strength of wood with 0.6/cm3 specific gravity is 100 N/mm2, the tensile strength of steel
with 7.89/cm3 specific gravity is 500 N/mm2. Dividing tensile strength by specific gravity gives the breaking
length and quality of material.
Aesthetic Properties. Wood is a decorative material when considered as an aesthetic material.
Each tree has its own color, design and smell the design of a tree does change according to the way it is
sliced. It is possible to find different wooden materials according to color and design preference.
Oxidation Properties. Although wood has oxidation characteristics in some way, it is not the kind of
oxidation seen in metals. Metals get rust, wood doesnt. For such characteristics, use of wood is preferred
to avoid rust when necessary.
Working Properties. It is easy to repair and maintain wood. While old woods can be renewed by
special touches other materials are highly difficult and costly to maintain and to repair. Therefore they are
usually disposed of.
Variation. There are more than 5000 kinds of woods in the world. Their specific gravity,
macroscopic and microscopic structures are different. Because of this variety, it is possible to find wood
suitable for needs. For instance, for heat isolation and sound absorption woods in lightweight are used.

Disadvantages of Timber as Construction Material

Shrinkage and Swelling of Wood. Wood is a hygroscopic material. This means that it will adsorb
surrounding condensable vapors and loses moisture to air below the fiber saturation point.
7

Deterioration of Wood. The agents causing the deterioration and destruction of wood fall into two
categories: Biotic (biological) and abiotic (non-biological). Biotic agents include decay and mold fungi,
bacteria and insects.
Fungi. It is necessary to give some short information about fungi agents to take measures against
the wood deterioration. Oxygen is essential for the growth of fungi. In the absence of oxygen no fungi will
grow. It is well known that storage of wood under water will protect them against attacks by fungi.
Moisture. Generally wood will not be attacked by the common fungi at moisture contents below the
fiber saturation point. The fiber saturation point (FSP) for different wood lies between 20 to 35% but 30% is
accepted generally.
Nutrients. Wood is an organic compound and consists of 50% carbon. That means that wood is a
very suitable nutrient for fungi because fungi derive their energy from oxidation of organic compounds.
Decay fungi wood rotters can use polysaccharides while stain fungi evidently require simple forms such as
soluble carbohydrates, proteins and other substances present in the parenchyma cell of sapwood.
Additionally, the presence of nitrogen in wood is necessary for the growth of fungi in wood.
Insects. Insects are only second to decay fungi in the economic loss they cause to lumber and
wood in service. Insects can be separated into four categories: Termites, powderpost beetles, carpenter
ants and marine borers.
Fire. Another disadvantage of wood is that it easily catches fire. Wood consists of organic
compounds which are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen. They can combine with oxygen and
burns. Because of these properties, wood is classified as a combustible material.

1.2 The Project

The project is a two-storey residential house utilizing timber as the main structural material. The
structure has a total lot area of the plan is 234 sq. m. with dimensions 13 m x 18 m, and the total floor area
of the structure is 270 sq. m. Each storey has a height of 3 m from the natural grade line.

Figure 2. Perspective View of the Residential House

1.3 Project Objectives

The main objective of this project is to analyse and design a timber structure in accordance with
the principles written in NSCP 2010. Other objectives of the project are as follows:
a. To design a two-storey residential house that will have an acceptable probability of performing
satisfactorily during its intended life time.
b. To provide all the necessary architectural plans, structural plans, and computations for the
structural analysis and design of the structure.
9

1.4 Project Scope and Limitation

The following were the scope covered by the design project:
1.) The project was designed in accordance to the National Structural Code of the Philippines.
2.) Analysis of structural members through conventional methods, and analysis of truss with the help
of GRASP software.
3.) All architectural plans (floor plans and elevation plans) and structural plans (framing plans) were
provided.
The following were the limitations of the design project:
1.) Only joists, beams, columns, truss and connections were considered in the design.
2.) The cost estimate for the whole structure is not provided.
3.) The interior design of the structure was not considered.
1.5 Project Development Process
The first phase of the project development process was the planning/conceptualization of the
residential house that will be constructed. This stage includes the naming of the objectives, written
proposals, and identification of necessary information of the client, location, etc. (these was not shown in
the project).
In the second stage, the architectural and structural plans were created. Next was the identification
of the material properties that was used in the structure. As what was said, there are many variation of
woods considering its density and other properties, thats why knowing the wood type was necessary.
The fourth phase done was the identification of the loads on the structure. These loads included
the dead load, live load, and wind load. Knowing the loads and the material properties, the designer was
able to proceed to the last step of the process which is the structural analysis and design of the structure.

10

PLANNING/CONCEPTUALIZATION

CREATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND

STRUCTURAL PLANS

IDENTIFICATION OF
MATERIAL PROPERTIES

IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS
ON THE STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND

DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE

Figure 3. Project Development Process

11

CHAPTER 2. DESIGN INPUTS

2.1 Architectural Plans

Figure 4. Ground Floor Plan

12

Figure 5. Second Floor Plan

13

Figure 6. Front Elevation

Figure 7. Rear Elevation

14

15

Figure 8. Right Side Elevation

Figure 9. Left Side Elevation

16

2.2 Structural

Plans

Figure 10. Ground Floor Framing Plan

17

Figure 11. Second Floor Framing Plan

18

19

For Framing Plans,

S means Joist Group
In a beam name FA-B1, F means Frame/Grid,
and B
Figure 12. Roof Beam Plan
Beam

Beam
Column
Joist
means

20

Figure 13. Framing System

21

2.3 Truss Details

Figure 14. Roof Truss

22

Figure 15. Truss Details

Figure 16. Purlin Details

23

Figure 17. Truss Division

Figure 18. Truss Tributary Areas

24

2.4 Structural Idealization

25

In this structure, the main wood used was Yakal, which is from the Group I (High
Strength), with 80% Stress Grade. For some minimal parts (walls), Bayok was used,
which is from Group IV (Moderately Low Strength) with 50% Stress Grade.
STUDS

COLUMNS
JOISTS

PANELS
GIRDER

BEAM

WALLS

Figure 19. Structural Idealization

26

2.5 List of Loading per Area

Ground Floor
Area
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

Dimension
Short Side (m)
Long Side (m)
4
5
4
5
5
5
4
5
4
5
5
5
3
4
Total Ground Floor Area

Area (m2)
20
20
25
20
20
25
12
142

Minimum Design Load

Occupancy
Live Load (kPa)
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9

Second Floor
Area
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

Dimension
Long Side
4
5
4
5
5
5
4
5
1.5
4
5
5
3
4
Total Second Floor Area
Total Floor Area
Short Side

Area
20
20
25
20
6
25
12
128
270

Minimum Design Load

Occupancy
Live Load (kPa)
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Basic Floor Area
1.9
Exterior Balcony
2.9*

27

CHAPTER 3. STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Design Process for Joists, Beams, and Girders

Figure 20. Design Process for Joist, Beam and Girder

28

I. SECOND FLOOR
I.A Design of Floor Sheathing

Procedure
1. Assume the spacing of the joists that will carry the load from the panels.
2. Choose the panel span thickness and width (Table 6.10 NSCP) according to the panel span rating
(joist spacing).
3. Calculate the quantity of the panels that can be placed within the beam.

Slab
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7
Quantity=

length (s)
4
4
5
4
1.5
5
3

length(l)
5
5
5
5
4
5
4

Sheathing Dimensions (m)

spacing(s)
panel(t)
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016
0.4
0.016

panel(w)
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

Quantity
14
14
17
14
5
17
10

length(s)
x2
panel(w)

29

I.B Design of Floor Joists

Procedure
Part 1. Solving for Total Weight to be carried by Joists
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Get the Total Weight due to Floor Sheathing

Calculate the Area of Openings of Walls within the Floor Joists
Choose the Stud Dimensions from NSCP Table 6.23.
Get the Total Weight due to Wall Studs within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
Get the Total Weight due to Walls within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
Sum up all the Weights.

Part 2. Design the Dimensions of the Floor Joists

a.
b.
c.
d.

Assume the width (b) of the floor joist.

Get the maximum shear and maximum moment due to the total weight.
Solve for the depth (d) using the allowable bending stress, shearing stress, and deflection.
Get the maximum d among the three.

Part 3
a. Solve for stress adjustments.
b. Solve for the new Weight of the building (include the self-weight of the joist already).
c. Investigate whether the dimensions will be safe due to the allowable bending stress, shearing
stress, and deflection.

30

 (kN/m3)
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

W DL=

Weight due to panels

E Mpa
WDL kPa WLL kPa
9780
0.7691
1.9
9780
0.7691
1.9
9780
0.9339
1.9
9780
0.7691
1.9
9780
0.7691
1.9
9780
0.9339
1.9
9780
0.5494
1.9

W (kN/m)
1.0676
1.0676
1.1336
1.0676
1.0676
1.1336
0.9797

( panel(t))(quantity )
2
W
spacing
( DL+W ) )
W =
Weight due to Wall Studs

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

L (wall) m

h (m)

s (m)

b (m)

d (m)

(kN/m3)

0
5
6
8
0
9
3

2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867

quantity
(pcs)
0
9
10
14
0
15
5

W (kN)
0
0.2163105
0.192276
0.336483
0
0.288414
0.16023

quantity =L/s

31

W=

(bdh)( quantity)
length( s)

*There are no area of openings.

*Some have zero weights because those floor areas do not contain interior walls.
*Values of b, d, and s came from NSCP Table 6.23.

Weight due to Walls (Bayok was used)

(kN/m3)
h (m)
t (m)
(kg/m3)
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164
2.8
0.02
0.44
4.3164

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

W (kN/m)
0.2417184
0.2417184
0.2417184
0.2417184
0.2417184
0.2417184
0.2417184

W = th

*The value of t is assumed (.01 x 2 as it is side by side)

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

WT (kN/m)
1.3094
1.5257
1.5676
1.6458
1.1116
1.6637
1.7817

V (kN)
2.6187
3.0513
3.9189
3.2917
0.8337
4.1592
2.6725

M (kNm)
2.6187
3.0513
4.8986
3.2917
0.3126
5.1991
2.0044

b (mm)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
32

V=

W T length( s)
2
length( s)

2
WT
M =

*The breadth (b) is assumed.

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

Bending
Fb (Mpa)
d (mm)
24.5
80.0824
24.5
86.4446
24.5
109.5291
24.5
89.7846
24.5
27.6701
24.5
112.8378
24.5
70.0624

Shearing
Fv (Mpa)
d (mm)
2.49
19.6990
2.49
21.2640
2.49
21.5539
2.49
22.0856
2.49
18.1504
2.49
22.2050
2.49
22.9790

Fb =

6M
b d2

F v=

3V
2 bd

Deflection
(a) (mm)
d (mm)
11.1111
157.8083
11.1111
157.8083
13.8889
201.2396
11.1111
157.8083
4.1667
55.2719
13.8889
201.2396
8.3333
128.9185

d' (mm)
170
170
220
170
70
220
140

33

384 E(

bd
)
12

5W L4
=

*Solve the depth (d) for the following equations and get the maximum (d)

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

le (m)
4
4
5
4
4
5
3
l e =l u

Adjustment due to Slenderness

Cs
Ck
8.24621
16.20344053
8.24621
16.20344053
10.4881
16.20344053
8.24621
16.20344053
8.24621
16.20344053
10.4881
16.20344053
6.245
16.20344053

F'b (Mpa)
23.952185
23.952185
23.066488
23.952185
23.952185
23.066488
24.319804

Single span beam uniformly distributed

C s=

le d
b2

C k =0.811 E/ F b
*If Cs < 10,
'

Fb =F b
*If 10 < Cs < Ck

Cs
Ck
1
1
3

'
Fb =F b
*If Ck < Cs < 50
34

F b' =

Wnew
1.4261
1.6424
1.7186
1.7626
1.1597
1.8148
1.8778

Bending
M
2.8522
3.2848
5.3707
3.5252
0.3262
5.6712
2.1126

fb
5.9215
6.8197
6.6579
7.3187
3.9937
7.0304
6.4670

Remarks
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok

0.438 E
C s2

Shearing
V
2.8522
3.2848
4.2966
3.5252
0.8697
4.5369
2.8167

fv
0.2517
0.2898
0.2929
0.3110
0.1864
0.3093
0.3018

Remarks
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok
Ok

Deflection

11.8720
13.6727
16.1167
14.6732
2.7345
17.0183
8.8560

Remarks
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

W new =W T + bd '
*If fb < Fb, the dimensions is safe against bending, else, change dimension.
*If fv < Fv, the dimensions is safe against shearing, else, change dimension.
*If < a, the dimensions is safe against shearing, else, change dimension.
I.C Design of Beams and Girders
Procedure
Part 1. Solving for Total Weight to be carried by Joists
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.

Get the Total Weight due to Floor Sheathing

Calculate the Area of Openings of Walls within the Floor Joists
Choose the Stud Dimensions from NSCP Table 6.23.
Get the Total Weight due to Wall Studs within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
Get the Total Weight due to Walls within the Floor Joists considering Area of Openings
Sum up all the Weights.

Part 2. Design the Dimensions of the Floor Joists

a.
b.
c.
d.

Assume the width (b) of the floor joist.

Get the maximum shear and maximum moment due to the total weight.
Solve for the depth (d) using the allowable bending stress, shearing stress, and deflection.
Get the maximum d among the three.

35

Part 3
a. Solve for stress adjustments.
b. Solve for the new Weight of the building (include the self-weight of the joist already).
c. Investigate whether the dimensions will be safe due to the allowable bending stress, shearing
stress, and deflection.

Beam/
Girder
F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

Length
(m)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
4

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2

4
4
5
4
4

Joist
(left)
0
10
10
10
0
10
10
10
0
8
8

Weight due to Joists and Floor Sheathing

Joist
(right)
W(l-joist)
W(r-joist)
Resultant (kN)
10
0
2.852198
28.52198
10
2.852198
2.852198
57.04396
10
2.852198
4.296583
71.48781
0
4.296583
0
42.96583
10
0
2.852198
28.52198
10
2.852198
0
28.52198
10
0
4.296583
42.96583
0
4.296583
0
42.96583
8
0
0.86974455
6.9579564
8
0.86974455
2.8167456
29.4919212
0
2.8167456
0
22.5339648

W (kN/m)
5.704396
11.408792
14.297562
8.593166
5.704396
5.704396
8.593166
8.593166
1.7394891
7.3729803
5.6334912

NO JOIST

36

FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

5
4
5

*Those with asterisks are girders.

Resultant= Wquantity
W =ResultantLength

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1

A(wall) m2
14

14
14

14
11.2
6

11.2
11.2
14

Opening
A(opening) m2
Area (m2)
0
14
No Walls
No Walls
1.5
12.5
0
14
No Walls
No Walls
1.5
12.5
0
11.2
No Walls
0
6

3
2.25
0.75

8.2
8.95
13.25

%
100

89.2857143
100

89.2857143
100
100

73.2142857
79.9107143
94.6428571

No Walls
37

FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

11.2

11.2

100

9.2
12

82.1428571
85.7142857

No Walls
11.2
14

2
2

A= A ( wall ) A(opening)

A
100
( A( wall
))

38

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

W ( i )=

Weight due to Studs

quantity
(kn/m3)
d (m)
(pcs)
0.1
6.867
9
No Walls
No Walls
0.1
6.867
9
0.1
6.867
9
No Walls
No Walls
0.1
6.867
9
0.1
6.867
7
No Walls
0.1
6.867
7

h (m)
2.8

s (m)
0.6

b (m)
0.05

2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

1.5

0.6

0.05

2.8
2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1
0.1

2.8

0.6

0.05

0.1

2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1

6.867
6.867
6.867
No Walls
6.867
No Walls
6.867
6.867

W(i) kN
0.865242

W (kN/m)
0.1730484

0.772538
0.865242

0.1545075
0.1730484

0.772538
0.672966

0.1545075
0.1682415

0.360518

0.0901294

7
7
9

0.492707
0.537772
0.81889

0.1231768
0.134443
0.163778

0.672966

0.1682415

7
9

0.552794
0.741636

0.1381984
0.1483272

bdh(quantity )( )
100
W =W (i ) / L

39

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

W ( i )=

Weight due to Exterior Walls (Wood:Bayok)

(kN/m3)
(kg/m3)
W(i) kN/m
0.44
4.3164
0.2417184
No Walls
No Walls
0.44
4.3164
0.2417184
0.44
4.3164
0.2417184
No Walls
No Walls
0.44
4.3164
0.2417184
0.44
4.3164
0.2417184
No Walls
0.44
4.3164
0.129492

h (m)
2.8

t (m)
0.02

2.8
2.8

0.02
0.02

2.8
2.8

0.02
0.02

1.5

0.02

2.8
2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05

2.8

0.6

0.05

2.8
2.8

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1
0.1
No Walls
0.1
No Walls
0.1
0.1

W (kN/m)
0.2417184

0.21582
0.2417184

0.21582
0.2417184
0.129492

0.168
0.168
0.168

0.123
0.13425
0.159

0.168

0.168

0.168
0.168

0.138
0.144

ht ( )
100
W =W (i ) / L

40

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

WT (kN/m)
6.1191628
11.408792
14.297562
8.9634935
6.1191628
5.704396
8.593166
8.9634935
2.149449
7.3729803
5.853112575

V (kN)
15.297907
28.52198
35.743905
22.4087338
15.297907
17.5970878
24.8190128
22.4087338
4.298898
14.7459606
11.7062252

M (kNm)
19.1223838
35.652475
44.6798813
28.0109172
19.1223838
15.522958
24.52361
28.0109172
4.298898
14.7459606
11.7062252

b (mm)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

E(MPa)
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

0.246176813
0.268692984
0.32277795
0
0.3362415
0
0.276198375
0.2923272

0.49235363
0.53738597
0.80694488
0
0.672483
0
0.55239675
0.730818

0.49235363
0.53738597
1.00868109
0
0.672483
0
0.55239675
0.9135225

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780

For beams,
W T =W ( joistfloor sheathing ) +W (wallsstuds)
V and M are solved same as joists.

For Girders
41

W T =W ( joistfloor sheathing ) +W (wallsstuds)

The Shear and Moment Diagrams of the girders are

obtained.
V max is equal to the highest value between V1 and V2
M max is the highest moment.

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2*
F2-B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1

Bending
Fb (Mpa)
d (mm)
24.5
153.020142
24.5
208.940403
24.5
233.901814
24.5
185.200114
24.5
153.020142
24.5
137.868429
24.5
173.288517
24.5
185.200114
24.5
72.5531304
24.5
134.373652
24.5
119.725324

Shearing
Fv (Mpa)
d (mm)
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675
2.49
18.675

(a) (mm)
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
13.88889
11.11111
11.11111
11.11111

Deflection
d (mm)
280.189528
344.853351
371.799293
318.209884
280.189528
273.710286
313.765819
318.209884
158.156459
238.520425
220.8548

d' (mm)
300
360
390
330
300
290
330
330
170
250
240

42

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

le (m)
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
7.68
7.68
7.68

7.68
7.68
9.6
7.68
7.68
9.6
7.68
9.6

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

24.5536553
25.6519714
35.1442699
0
28.6957936
0
26.0077716
33.4454628

2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49

Adjustment due to Slenderness

Cs
Ck
F'b (Mpa)
8.4853
16.2034
24.5
9.2952
16.2034
24.5
9.6747
16.2034
24.5
8.8994
16.2034
24.5
8.4853
16.2034
24.5
8.3427
16.2034
24.5
8.8994
16.2034
24.5
8.8994
16.2034
24.5
5.7131
16.2034
24.5
6.9282
16.2034
24.5
6.7882
16.2034
24.5

4.1569
4.1569
5.3666
6.6453
4.3818
7.4297
4.1569
5.3666

16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675

11.11111
11.11111
13.88889
11.11111
11.11111
13.88889
11.11111
13.88889

76.8057259
79.0793928
105.080593
0
85.2174082
0
79.8089487
101.666445

Adjustment due to Size Factor

Cf
F'b (Mpa)
1.0000
24.5000
0.9799
24.0087
0.9713
23.7961
0.9895
24.2419
1.0000
24.5000
1.0000
24.5000
0.9895
24.2419
0.9895
24.2419
1.0000
24.5000
1.0000
24.5000
1.0000
24.5000

1.1431
1.1431
1.1072
1.0300
1.1298
1.0300
1.1431
1.1072

28.0068
28.0068
27.1257
25.2341
27.6809
25.2341
28.0068
27.1257

90
90
120
100
100
100
90
120

F'b (Mpa)
24.5
24.0086736
23.796096
24.2419135
24.5
24.5
24.2419135
24.2419135
24.5
24.5
24.5

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

Adjustment due to slenderness factor

1
300 9

d'
F b' =

43

Bending

Shearing

Wnew
(kN/m)

M (kNm)

fb (Mpa)

Remarks

6.5312

20.4099

6.8033

Ok

11.9032

37.1976

8.6105

Ok

14.8332

46.3537

9.1427

Ok

9.4167

29.4272

8.1067

Ok

6.5312

20.4099

6.8033

ok

6.1027

22.8127

8.1377

ok

9.0464

28.2700

7.7879

ok

9.4167
2.3829

31.9573
4.7659

8.8037
4.9473

ok
ok

7.7163

15.4327

7.4077

ok

6.1827

12.3655

6.4403

0.3698
0.3923
0.4876
0.3159
0.4736
0.3159
0.3998
0.4571

0.7396
0.7846
1.5237
0.6318
0.9472
0.9871
0.7996
1.4285

2.7391
2.9059
3.1744
0.3583
2.8415
0.5598
2.9615
2.9761

Deflection

fv (Mpa)

Remarks

(mm)

Remarks

0.4082

ok

12.0770

ok

0.6200

ok

12.7376

ok

0.7131

ok

12.4845

ok

0.5350

ok

13.0824

ok

0.4082

ok

12.0770

ok

0.4808

ok

12.4927

ok

0.5898

ok

12.5680

ok

0.5350
0.2103

ok
ok

13.0824
9.9187

ok
ok

0.4630

ok

10.0991

ok

ok

V (kN)
16.328
0
29.758
0
37.083
0
23.541
8
16.328
0
18.592
8
25.952
1
23.541
8
4.7659
15.432
7
12.365
5

0.3864

ok

9.1461

ok

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

0.7396
0.7846
1.2190
0.6318
0.9472
0.7897
0.7996
1.1428

0.0616
0.0654
0.0762
0.0206
0.0710
0.0258
0.0666
0.0714

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

10.3731
11.0048
14.0877
0.5309
9.6847
1.2962
11.2153
13.2078

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

44

II. GROUND FLOOR

II.A Design of Floor Sheathing

Slab
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

length (s)

length(l)

4
4
5
4
4
5
3

5
5
5
5
4
5
4

Sheathing Dimensions (m)

spacing(s)
panel(t)
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4

0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016
0.016

panel(w)

Quantity

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

14
14
17
14
14
17
10

II.B Design of Floor Joists

45

 (kN/m3)
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867

Weight due to panels

E Mpa
WDL kPa WLL kPa
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780

0.7691
0.7691
0.9339
0.7691
0.7691
0.9339
0.5494

W (kN/m)

1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9

1.0676
1.0676
1.1336
1.0676
1.0676
1.1336
0.9797

Weight due to Wall Studs

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

L (wall) m

h (m)

s (m)

b (m)

d (m)

(kN/m3)

quantity
(pcs)

W (kN)

4
0
5
5.5
0
5
0

3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1

6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867
6.867

7
0
9
10
0
9
0

0.7691
0
0.19777
0.27468
0
0.19777
0

46

Weight due to Walls (Bayok was used)

(kN/m3)
h (m)
t (m)
(kg/m3)
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

3.2
0.02
3.2
0.02
3.2
0.02
WT (kN/m)
3.2
2.1130 0.02
3.2
1.3439 0.02
3.2
1.6076 0.02
3.2
1.6186 0.02
1.3439
1.6076
1.2560

2.6878
4.0190
1.8840

Bending
Fb (Mpa)
d (mm)
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

0.44
0.44
0.44
V (kN)
4.2260 0.44
2.6878 0.44
4.0190 0.44
3.2371 0.44

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49

Wnew

Bending
M

fb

Remarks

2.2297
1.4606
1.7587
1.7353
1.4606
1.7587
1.3453

4.4595
2.9213
5.4958
3.4706
2.9213
5.4958
1.5134

9.2584
6.0649
6.8130
7.2054
6.0649
6.8130
5.3731

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

7.68
7.68
9.6
7.68
7.68
9.6
5.76

le (m)

2.6878
5.0237
1.4130

Shearing
Fv (Mpa)
d (mm)

101.7318
81.1315
110.9186
89.0376
81.1315
110.9186
58.8251

Cs

Shearing
V

4.3164
4.3164
4.3164
M (kNm)
4.22604.3164
2.68784.3164
5.02374.3164
3.23714.3164

25.0244
19.9571
21.8274
21.9018
19.9571
21.8274
19.2934

fv

0.27625
0.27625
0.27625
b (mm)
1000.27625
1000.27625
1000.27625
1000.27625
100
100
100

Deflection
(a) (mm)
d (mm)
11.1111
11.1111
13.8889
11.1111
11.1111
13.8889
8.3333

Remarks

4.4595
0.3935
ok
2.9213
0.2578
ok
4.3966
0.2998
ok
3.4706
0.3062
ok
2.9213
0.2578
ok
4.3966
0.2998
ok
Adjustment due to Slenderness
2.0179
0.2328
ok

11.4263
11.4263
14.5327
11.4263
11.4263
14.5327
8.65332

W (kN/m)

d' (mm)

157.8083
157.8083
201.2396
157.8083
157.8083
201.2396
115.0147

170
170
220
170
170
220
130

Deflection

Remarks

18.5621
12.1595
16.4920
14.4461
12.1595
16.4920
7.9240

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

Ck

F'b (Mpa)

16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034

22.480536
22.480536
19.215502
22.480536
22.480536
19.215502
23.835726

47

II.C Design of Beams

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3-B2
F2-B2
F1-B2
FD-B2
FE-B1

FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1

Length (m)
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4

4
4
5
4

Joist (left)
0
10
10
10
0
10
10
10
8
8

Weight due to Joists and Floor Sheathing

Joist (right) W(l-joist)
W(r-joist)
Resultant (kN)
10
0
4.4594684
44.594684
10
4.4594684 4.4594684
89.189368
10
4.4594684 4.396645
88.561134
0
4.396645
0
43.96645
10
0
4.4594684
44.594684
10
4.4594684 4.4594684
89.189368
10
4.4594684 4.396645
88.561134
0
4.396645
0
43.96645
8
0
2.0178969
16.143175
0
2.0178969
0
16.143175

W (kN/m)
8.9189368
17.8378736
17.7122268
8.79329
8.9189368
17.8378736
17.7122268
8.79329
4.0357938
4.0357938

Beams without joists

NO JOIST

48

FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

4
5
4
5

49

From the table shown, looking at the highest axial load (Column 7), the
interaction value is 0.617006, which is less than 1, thus using 250 mm x 200
mm as the size of the column is safe for the structure.

Opening
A(wall)
m2
16

16
16

16
12.8

12.8
12.8
16
12.8

12.8
16

Area
A(opening) m2
(m2)
0
16
No Walls
No Walls
0
16
0
16
No Walls
No Walls
0
16
No Walls
0
12.8

%
100

100
100

100
100

2
3.76
5.3
No Walls
0
No Walls

10.8
9.04
10.7

84.375
70.625
66.875

12.8

100

4.26
5.3

8.54
10.7

66.7187
5
66.875

50

Weight due to Studs

h
(m)
3.2

s
(m)
0.6

b
(m)
0.05

d
(m)
0.1

3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1

3.2

0.6

0.05

0.1

3.2

0.6

0.05

0.1

3.2
3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1
0.1

(kn/m3)
quantity (psc)
6.867
9
No Walls
No Walls
6.867
9
6.867
9
No Walls
No Walls
6.867
9
No Walls
6.867
7

6.867
6.867
6.867

W(i) kN
0.98885

W (kN/m)
0.19777

0.98885
0.98885

0.19777
0.19777

0.98885

0.19777

0.7691

0.19228

7
7
9

0.64893
0.54318
0.66129

0.16223
0.13579
0.13226

0.7691

0.19228

7
9

0.51314
0.66129

0.12828
0.13226

No Walls
3.2

0.6

0.05

0.1

6.867

3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

0.1
0.1

6.867
6.867

No Walls

51

3.2

Weight due to Exterior Walls (Wood:Bayok)

t
(m) (kg/m3) (kN/m3)
W(i) kN/m W (kN/m)
0.0
2
0.44
4.3164
0.27625
0.27625
No Walls
No Walls
0.0
2
0.44
4.3164
0.27625
0.27625
0.0
2
0.44
4.3164
0.27625
0.27625
No Walls
No Walls
0.0
2
0.44
4.3164
0.27625
0.27625
No Walls
0.0
2
0.44
4.3164
0.27625
0.27625

3.2
3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05
0.05

3.2

0.6

0.05

3.2
3.2

0.6
0.6

0.05
0.05

h
(m)
3.2

3.2
3.2

3.2

0.1
0.1
0.1
No Walls
0.1
No Walls
0.1
0.1

0.192
0.192
0.192

0.162
0.1356
0.1284

0.192

0.192

0.192
0.192

0.1281
0.1284

52

Total W
WT
(kN/m)
9.39296
17.8379
17.7122
9.26731
9.39296
17.8379
17.7122
9.26731
4.03579
4.50432

Design Parameters
V (kN)
23.48239
44.594684
44.280567
23.168273
23.48239
44.594684
44.280567
23.168273
8.0715876
9.0086388

M (kNm)
29.35299
55.74336
55.35071
28.96034
29.35299
55.74336
55.35071
28.96034
8.071588
9.008639

b (mm)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

E (Mpa)
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780

0.32423
0.27139
0.26066
0
0.38428
0
0.25638
0.26066

0.6484658
0.5427899
0.6516461
0
0.768552
0
0.5127683
0.6516461

0.648466
0.54279
0.814558
0
0.768552
0
0.512768
0.814558

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780
9780

53

Bending

Shearing

Fb (Mpa)
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

d (mm)
189.5849
261.2607
260.339
188.3126
189.5849
261.2607
260.339
188.3126
99.41618
105.0285

Fv (Mpa)
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49

d (mm)
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675

Deflection
(a)
(mm)
d (mm)
13.8889 323.21288
13.8889 400.25392
13.8889 399.31193
13.8889 321.76523
13.8889 323.21288
13.8889 400.25392
13.8889 399.31193
13.8889 321.76523
11.1111
195.1136
11.1111 202.38933

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

28.17871
25.78063
31.58192
0
30.67709
0
25.05752
31.58192

2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49
2.49

18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675
18.675

11.1111
11.1111
13.8889
11.1111
11.1111
13.8889
11.1111
13.8889

84.190592
79.34358
97.853977
0
89.096157
0
77.852926
97.853977

d' (mm)
340
420
410
340
340
420
410
340
210
220

100
90
110
100
100
100
90
120

54

le (m)
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.6
7.68
7.68

7.68
7.68
9.6
7.68
7.68
9.6
7.68
9.6

Adjustment due to Slenderness

Cs
Ck
F'b (Mpa)
9.03327
16.2034
24.5
10.0399
16.2034
24.5
9.91968
16.2034
24.5
9.03327
16.2034
24.5
9.03327
16.2034
24.5
10.0399
16.2034
24.5
9.91968
16.2034
24.5
9.03327
16.2034
24.5
6.3498
16.2034
24.5
6.49923
16.2034
24.5

4.38178
4.15692
5.13809
4.38178
4.38178
4.89898
4.15692
5.36656

16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034
16.2034

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

Adjustment due to Size Factor

Cf
F'b (Mpa) F'b (Mpa)
0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
0.9633044 23.600958 23.60096
0.9658871 23.664235 23.66423
0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
1
24.5
24.5
0.9658871 23.664235 23.66423
0.9861892 24.161636 24.16164
1
24.5
24.5
1
24.5
24.5

1.1431353
1.1179292
1.129831
1.129831
1.129831
1.1431353
1.1071732
1.1071732

28.006815
27.389264
27.680859
27.680859
27.680859
28.006815
27.125743
27.125743

24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5
24.5

55

Wnew
9.859912
17.837874
17.712227
9.7342652
9.859912
17.837874
17.712227
9.7342652
4.0357938
4.8064674

M
30.8122
55.7434
55.3507
30.4196
30.8122
55.7434
55.3507
30.4196
8.07159
9.61293

Bending
fb
7.99625
9.48016
9.87818
7.89435
7.99625
9.48016
9.87818
7.89435
5.49088
5.95843

0.4615729
0.3950009
0.4117324
0.13734
0.521616
0.13734
0.3799901
0.4254664

0.92315
0.79
1.28666
0.27468
1.04323
0.42919
0.75998
1.32958

2.76944
2.92593
3.19008
0.82404
3.1297
1.28756
2.81474
2.76996

Remarks
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

V
24.6498
44.5947
44.2806
24.3357
24.6498
44.5947
44.2806
24.3357
8.07159
9.61293

Shearing
fv
Remarks
0.54375
ok
0.79633
ok
0.81001
ok
0.53682
ok
0.54375
ok
0.79633
ok
0.81001
ok
0.53682
ok
0.28827
ok
0.32771
ok

Deflection

Remarks
12.5247
ok
12.0206
ok
12.8308
ok
12.3651
ok
12.5247
ok
12.0206
ok
12.8308
ok
12.3651
ok
8.91173
ok
9.23101
ok

0.92315
0.79
1.02933
0.27468
1.04323
0.34335
0.75998
1.06367

0.06924
0.06583
0.07018
0.0206
0.07824
0.02575
0.06333
0.06648

9.43912
11.0806
15.4443
2.80859
10.667
6.85691
10.6595
12.2929

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok
ok

56

57

3.2 Design Process for Purlins, Truss, and Columns

I. Design of Purlins
Procedure
1. Determine the details of the truss (height, length, spacing of truss and
spacing of purlins)
2. Calculate all the loads that will act on the purlins (Purlin Self Weight,
Roof Sheathing Weight, Roof Live Load, and Wind Load).
3. Resolve all the loads into x and y components then sum up.
4. Solve for the bending, shearing, and deflection then check with the
allowable (with adjustments).

TRUSS DETAILS
Truss
Truss
Height

Truss
Base

Truss
Length

2.50

10.00

1.50

2.50

10.00

3.00

2.50

10.00

3.00

2.50

10.00

3.50

2.50

10.00

2.00

1.50

4.00

1.50

1.50

4.00

1.50

y/x
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.5
0
0.7
5
0.7
5

(degrees)
26.57
26.57
26.57
26.57
26.57
36.87
36.87

Truss length is the tributary length of the truss being considered.

y/x is equal to the truss height divided by half of the truss length.
is the angle of the truss.

58

PURLIN DETAILS
b
(mm)
150.0
0
150.0
0
150.0
0
150.0
0
150.0
0
150.0
0
150.0
0

d
(mm)
100.0
0
100.0
0
100.0
0
100.0
0
100.0
0
100.0
0
100.0
0

spacing
(mm)

xspacing

0.40

0.3578

0.40

0.3578

0.40

0.3578

0.40

0.3578

0.40

0.3578

0.40

0.3200

0.40

0.3200

IX

IY

1250000
0
1250000
0
1250000
0
1250000
0
1250000
0
1250000
0
1250000
0

2812500
0
2812500
0
2812500
0
2812500
0
2812500
0
2812500
0
2812500
0

The base (b), depth (d), and spacing (s) are the assumed dimensions
of the purlins.
X-spacing is the horizontal component of the spacing.
Ix is the moment of inertia with respect to x (bd3/12), while Iy is the
moment of inertia
with respect to y (db3/12)

The loadings considered are the dead loads of the self-weight of

the purlins and the roof sheathing, the roof live load, and the wind load
acting normal to the roof.
Vertical Loads
59

Dead Load
Purlin Self-Weight

E
W
(kN/m3) (MPa)
(kN/m)

Live Load
Roof Sheathing

t
W(kN/m W(LL)kP W(LL)kN/
(kN/m3) (mm)
)
a
m

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0309

0.7500

0.2683

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0309

0.7500

0.2683

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0309

0.7500

0.2683

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0309

0.7500

0.2683

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0309

0.7500

0.2683

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0276

0.7000

0.2240

6.8670

9780

0.1030

4.3164

20

0.0276

0.7000

0.2240

Total
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.354
6
0.354
6

The Purlin Self-Weight is equal to the product of the unit weight of the
concrete and the dimension b and d.
The roof sheathing weight is equal to the unit weight of the wood used
times the thickness times the horizontal projection of the spacing of purlins.
The live load (roof) came from NSCP Table 205-3 Minimum Roof Live
Loads. The value then is multiplied to the horizontal projection of the
spacing.

Sloping
WIND LOAD
WL(kP
a)
1.800
0
1.800
0
1.800
0
1.800
0
1.800
0
1.800
0

WL(kN/
m)
0.7200
0.7200
0.7200
0.7200
0.7200
0.7200
60

1.800
0

0.7200

The only sloping load acting on the truss is the wind load. The value of
the wind load is assumed.
.
LOAD COMPONENTS
TANGENTIA
L

NORMAL
Y-WL(kN/m)
0.6440
0.6440
0.6440
0.6440
0.6440
0.5760
0.5760

DL+L
L
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.402
2
0.354
6
0.354
6

Total
1.046
2
1.046
2
1.046
2
1.046
2
1.046
2
0.930
6
0.930
6

X-WL(kN/m)
0.3220
0.3220
0.3220
0.3220
0.3220
0.4320
0.4320

The loads in both x and y axes (tangential and normal) are then
summed up.

DESIGN PARAMETERS
Shear
Fv
2.490
0
2.490
0
2.490
0

Vx
0.241
5
0.483
0
0.483
0

Bending
Vy
0.784
7
1.569
3
1.569
3

Fb
24.5000
24.5000
24.5000

Mx
0.090
6
0.362
2
0.362
2

Deflection
My
0.294
2
1.177
0
1.177
0

(mm)
4.1667
8.3333
8.3333
61

2.490
0
2.490
0
2.490
0
2.490
0

0.563
5
0.322
0
0.324
0
0.324
0

1.830
9
1.046
2
0.698
0
0.698
0

24.5000
24.5000
24.5000
24.5000

0.493
1
0.161
0
0.121
5
0.121
5

1.602
0
0.523
1
0.261
7
0.261
7

9.7222
5.5556
4.1667
4.1667

We then get the design parameters from the wood properties,

allowable shearing and bending stresses. Formula for beams are used to get
the components of the shear and moment to be applied.
The allowable deflection is L/360 and actual deflection is equal to
5wl4/384EI.

STRESS ADJUSTMENTS

Stress Adjustments
Adjustment due to
Other Adjustments
Slenderness
le
F'b
(m)
Cs
Ck
(Mpa)
2.8 3.577 Non
8
71
e
24.5
5.7 5.059 Non
6
64
e
24.5
5.7 5.059 Non
6
64
e
24.5
All adjustments factors are equal
to 1.0
6.7 5.465 Non
2
04
e
24.5
3.8 4.131 Non
4
18
e
24.5
2.8 3.577 Non
8
71
e
24.5
2.8 3.577 Non
8
71
e
24.5
Formula used for this is already presented in the computation of joists
and beams.

62

INVESTIGATION
Shearing
fVT
0.024
1
0.048
3
0.048
3
0.056
3
0.032
2
0.032
4
0.032
4

fVN
0.078
5
0.156
9
0.156
9
0.183
1
0.104
6
0.069
8
0.069
8

Bending
fV
0.082
1
0.164
2
0.164
2
0.191
6
0.109
5
0.077
0
0.077
0

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

fbT
0.36
22
1.44
90
1.44
90
1.97
22
0.64
40
0.48
60
0.48
60

fbN
0.784
7
3.138
6
3.138
6
4.272
0
1.394
9
0.698
0
0.698
0

fb
1.14
69
4.58
76
4.58
76
6.24
42
2.03
89
1.18
40
1.18
40

OK
!
OK
!
OK
!
OK
!
OK
!
OK
!
OK
!

T
(mm)
0.173
6
2.777
9
2.777
9
5.146
5
0.548
7
0.232
9
0.232
9

Deflection
N

(mm)
(mm)
0.305
0.2507
0
4.879
4.0115
5
4.879
4.0115
5
9.039
7.4318
8
0.963
0.7924
8
0.322
0.2230
5
0.322
0.2230
5

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

To get the shearing stress, we get the square root of the sum of the
squares of the x and y shearing stresses.
To get the bending stress, we add the bending stresses in the x and y
directions.
To get the deflection, we get the square root of the sum of the squares
of the x and y deflections.
If the value is less than the allowable, the dimensions are safe, else
redesign.

63

II. Design of Truss

In this part, only the critical part is subjected to design. The dimension
that will be taken will also be applied to all other trusses.
Procedure
1. Determine all the loads acting on the truss (consider only the vertical
forces).
2. Put all the uniform loads into the joints of the truss.
3. Compute for the reaction and the axial forces in the truss.
4. Check the maximum axial load for the allowable compressive stress
(adjusted).
TRUSS
Length
10

W
2.266
11

Sheathi
ng
0.0863
28

PURLINS
Quanti
Wpurlins
ty
0.1030
05
22

LOADS
Roof
Wind
LL
Load
1.609968
0.75
94

Roof
Beam
0.41202

Ceilin
g
0.137
34

RESULTS
Corner
Load
4.38480
579

Mid Truss
8.311811
573

Mid
Ceiling
0.9156

To get the quantity of the purlins, we divide the length of the

truss (sloping) to the sum of the spacing and width of a purlin. We then
multiply it by 2.
To get the vertical loads on the truss, we get the pressures
(vertical component) of the sheathing, roof live load, wind load, and
weight due to the purlins and multiply it by the length.
To get the vertical loads on the ceiling, we get the ceiling load
and the roof beam then multiply by the length of that beam.
64

After getting the loads, they are now placed in the joints.

We then solve the reactions and the axial forces in the truss.
(The axial forces in each member is shown in the next table.

Truss

Axial

Directi

Fc

Fc'

P/A

Remark
65

Member

on

AB

75

100

BD

75

100

DF

75

100

AC

75

100

CE

75

100

EG

75

100

45.67
8
44.24
1
38.86
5
40.45
1
36.98
4
28.37
1

JK

75

100

HI

75

FG

15.8

15.8

15.8

15.8

15.8

15.8

5.716

15.8

100

9.395

15.8

75

100

2.603

15.8

CD

75

100

15.8

FI

75

100

15.8

JL

75

100

15.8

JH

75

100

15.8

HF

75

100

15.8

KL

75

100

15.8

IK

75

100

15.8

GI

75

100

4.756
12.78
7
45.67
8
44.24
1
38.86
5
40.45
1
36.98
4
28.37
1

15.8

BC

75

100

5.716

15.8

DE

75

100

9.395

15.8

HK

75

100

15.8

EF

75

100

4.756
12.78
7

15.8

10.7595
046
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
8.11323
405
9.53430
476
9.53430
476
9.53430
476
9.53430
476
9.53430
476
9.53430
476
9.53430
476

6.0904

OK!

5.8988

OK!

5.182
5.3934
67

OK!

4.9312

OK!

3.7828
0.7621
33
1.2526
67
0.3470
67
0.6341
33
1.7049
33

OK!

6.0904

OK!

5.8988

OK!

5.182
5.3934
67

OK!

4.9312

OK!

3.7828
0.7621
33
1.2526
67
0.6341
33
1.7049
33

OK!

OK!

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

OK!

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

After getting all axial forces, we try the dimensions if it is safe for the
allowable compressive stress.

66

III. Design of Columns

Procedure
1. Compute all the loads that is passed to the columns (from beams and
trusses, considering both first and second floors).
2. Design the eccentricities of the loads.
3. Using the assumed dimensions of the columns, compute the actual
compressive stress and the actual bending stresses.
4. Use the interaction formula to determine if the dimensions used are
adequate for the structure.
COLUMN

1st Floor

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
1
0
1
1
1
2
1
3

REACTIONS OF
P1
P2
0.615
0.433
0.615
0.537
0.537 35.744
0.807 22.409
0.433 15.298
28.522 0.672
0.672 35.744
22.409 22.409
15.298 0.552

BEAMS (kN)
P3
P4
28.522
0.807

14.261
21.483

FROM TRUSS
(kN)

Sum
(kN)
1.048
29.675
37.088
23.216
15.731
43.455
57.899
44.817
15.850

0.552

14.261

14.746

29.559

14.746

21.483

0.731

36.960

22.409

0.731

11.706

23.140
11.706
67

2nd Floor

1
4
1
5
1
6
1
7
1
8
1
9
2
0
2
1
2
2
2
3
2
4
2
5
2
6
2
7
2
8

11.706

11.706

0.824

1.030

9.410

11.264

0.824

0.824

1.030

9.410

12.088

0.824

1.030

1.030

9.410

12.294

0.824

1.030

9.410

11.264

1.030

1.030

36.090

38.150

1.030

1.030

36.090

38.150

1.030

1.030

36.090

38.150

1.030

1.030

36.090

38.150

1.030

0.824

9.410

11.264

9.410

12.706

9.410

12.912

0.61
8
0.82
4

0.824

1.030

0.824

0.618

1.030

1.030

1.030

1.030

9.410

11.470

0.618

0.824

9.410

10.852

0.618

0.824

9.410

10.852

The table shows the reactions from the beams (P) and from the truss.
The first floor columns carry the loads from the 2 nd floors beams while the
second floor columns carry the loads from the roof beams and trusses. The
number of P loads indicate the number of beams carried by the column.
The loads are obtained from the reaction of beams from the previous
chapters. To get the total load acting on the column, we add all these loads.

Load Eccentricities

68

ex = 50 mm
ey = 37.5 mm

ex = 0 mm
ey = 25 mm

ex = 50 mm
ey = 50 mm

69

To solve for the eccentricities of the forces, the contact areas of the
beams are first computed. To solve for the centroid of the areas, we use the
Varignons theorem. We will then know the distance of the centroid of the
areas to the centroid of the column. Reaction from the trusses are assumed
to be concentric.

Design Parameters
Columns
1ST FLR
1
2
3
4
5
6
7

Axial
(P)N
1048.0
63
29674.
81
37088.
24
23215.
68
15730.
53
43455.
45
57899.
3

ex
(mm)

ey
(mm)

Fb
(MPa)

Fc
(MPa)

E
(MPa)

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

0
0

0
0

24.5
24.5

15.8
15.8

9780
9780
70

8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
2ND FLR

21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

44817.
47
15850.
3
29559.
35
36959.
69
23139.
55
11706.
23
11706.
23
11264.
09
12088.
13
12294.
14
11264.
09
38150.
1
38150.
1
38150.
1
38150.
1
11264.
09
12706.
16
12912.
17
11470.
1
10852.
07
10852.
07

25

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

25

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

50

37.5

24.5

15.8

9780

71

Column Properties
h
(m)
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

b (mm)
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250
250

d (mm)
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

Ix (mm4)
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667
166666667

Iy (mm4)
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667
260416667

k
e

le
(mm)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.6
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

The column used in this design is assumed to be simply supported, thus the
value of ke is 1.
le is equal to ke(lu).

72

Length Type
le/
d
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
16
16
16
16
16
16

le/b
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
14.
4
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8

K
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2

J
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9
1.22933
9

Type
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE
INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE
73

16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8
12.
8

16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2
16.6941
2

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

0.8781

INTERMEDIATE

Length type parameters;

le < 11, short column
11 < le < k, intermediate column
le > k, long column
where,

E
k = 0.671
Fc

11
d
j=
k 11

Compressive Stress
Fc*
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8

KC
E

0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3

c'
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8

FCE

Fce/F*

Fc' (MPa)

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027
74

15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8
15.
8

0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3
0.
3

0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8
0.
8

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

9.055556

0.573136

7.63027

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

11.46094

0.725376

9.041658

The formula and specifications for the adjustment of the compressive

stress is shown in NSCP 2010, section 618.
Bending Stress
Cs

Ck

CF(x)

F'bx

CF(y)

F'by
75

3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.3941
13
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e

1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82

(Mpa)
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07

1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65

(MPa)
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
76

3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.2

Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e
Non
e

1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82
1.0460
82

25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07
25.6290
07

1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65
1.0204
65

25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81
25.0013
81

The interaction formula is equal to,

fc
f bx
f by
+
+
1.0
F c ' F bxJ F c F by J F c
Where, fc is the compressive stress from the axial load,
Fc is the allowable and adjusted compressive stress,
fb is the actual bending stresses in x and y direction,
Fb is the allowable and adjusted bending stresses in x and y
directions.

The value of the interaction formula should be less than 1 for the
column to be adequate, else redesign.

Interaction Formula
fc
0.0262
02
0.7418
7
0.9272
06
0.5803
92
0.3932
63

fbx
0.0294
77
0.5564
03
0.6954
04
0.6529
41
0.2949
47

fby
0.0393
02
0
0
0.8705
88
0

F c'
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28

Fb'x
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01

Fb'y
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01

Result
0.1039
32
0.3478
67
0.4347
72
0.3409
73
0.1844
03

Remar
ks
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
77

1.0863
86
1.4474
83
1.1204
37
0.3962
58
0.7389
84
0.9239
92
0.5784
89
0.2926
56
0.2926
56
0.2816
02
0.3022
03
0.3073
54
0.2816
02
0.9537
53
0.9537
53
0.9537
53
0.9537
53
0.2816
02
0.3176
54
0.3228
04
0.2867
53
0.2713
02
0.2713
02

0
0.8403
28
0.4457
9

0
0
0.5943
86

0
0.8677
33
0.4389
83
0.4389
83
0.4224
03

0.6508
0.3292
38
0.3292
38
0.3168
03
0.2266
52
0.2305
15
0.3168
03
0.7153
14

0
0
0.4224
03
0

0
0.7153
14
0.3168
03

0
0
0.4224
03

0
0.3225
97
0.3052
14
0.3052
14

0
0.4301
29
0.4069
53
0.4069
53

2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.3726
28
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36
2.9713
36

25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01

25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01
25.629
01

0.4578
83
0.6100
76
0.5253
79
0.2327
96
0.3114
62
0.3894
38
0.3398
54
0.1719
31
0.1719
31
0.1429
65
0.1164
83
0.1184
68
0.1429
65
0.3676
19
0.3209
84
0.3209
84
0.3676
19
0.1429
65
0.1069
06
0.1086
39
0.1455
8
0.1377
36
0.1377
36

OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!
OK!

3.3 Design of Connections

78

The main material used for the joint connections of this structure is a bolt with metal plate. All
connections are considered to be in double shear.

Figure 21. Double-Shear

(Theoretical)

Figure 22. Double Shear

(Actual)

I. Beam-Column Connection
The types of connection for beam-column depends on the number of beams which receive support
from columns. The figures below show the dimensions of the column and the dimensions to be extracted
from it.
the

The broken lines show the area to be extracted from the column, and to be added to the beam for
connection.

The

first type
shows a column with two beams connected in it, which is usually a corner
column.
The second type is a column with three beams most likely a
side
column. Lastly, the third type is
a column
with
four
beams
connected
which is most of the time an interior column.

79

FRONT VIEW

SIDE VIEW

The number of bolts is to be solved in the next sections. This figure shows the interaction that will
happen in the face of the column.

Figure 23. Beam to Column Connection

80

This figure shows the 3D view (X-ray form) of the connection between the beam and column.
Beam-Girder (Beam-Beam)

Figure 24. Beam to Beam Connection

The beam-girder connection is almost the same with beam-column. In this structure, there are only
two beam-girder connections and thus no need for type specification.

Truss-Column (Truss-Beam)
81

This figure shows the connection of an inclined member

of truss to column. Like the other connections, this is a
double shear using bolts. The rafters of the truss will be bolted
to the extended part of the column.

Figure 25. Truss to Column

Connection

82

I. Beam-Column, Beam-Beam
Process
1. Determine the vertical (shear) forces in the member ends to be connected to other members.
2. Determine the length of bolt in main member, the diameter of the bolt, and the allowable loads the
bolt could carry.
3. Compute for the number of bolts needed and spacing.

For Second Floor (Beam-Column)

Connection
F4-B1
C1
FA-B1
FA-B1
C2
F3-B1
FA-B2
FA-B2
C3
F2-B1
FA-B3
FA-B3
C4
F1-B1
F4-B1
C5
F4-B2
FB-B1
FB-B1
F3-B1
C6
F3-B2
FB-B2
FB-B2
F2-B1
C7
F2-B2
FB-B3
FB-B3
C8
F1-B1
F1-B2
F4-B2
C9
FD-B1
FD-B1
F3-B2
C10
FD-B2
F3-B3

Type
1
2

2
1
2

2
1

Beam L
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
4
3

W
6.5826853
0.40068431
0.40068431
11.9753195
0.42320048
0.42320048
14.8984245
0.51162045
0.51162045
9.495686
6.5826853
6.5826853
0.171675
0.171675
11.9753195
6.150751
0.490749
0.490749
14.8984245
9.108191
0.171675
0.171675
9.495686
9.495686
6.5826853
0.43070588
0.43070588
6.150751
7.7678328
0.27468

V
16.45671
0.801369
0.801369
29.9383
0.846401
0.846401
37.24606
1.279051
1.279051
23.73922
16.45671
16.45671
0.34335
0.34335
29.9383
15.37688
0.981498
0.981498
37.24606
22.77048
0.429188
0.429188
23.73922
23.73922
16.45671
0.861412
0.861412
15.37688
15.53567
0.41202

x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

Q
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84

N
2
1
1
4
1
1
4
1
1
3
2
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
4
3
1
1
3
3
2
1
1
2
2
1
83

C11

C12
C13
C14

FD-B2
F2-B2
FD-B3
F2-B3
FD-B3
F1-B2
F3-B3
FE-B1
F3-B2
FE-B1

4
5
4
3
5
5
3
4
3
4

2
2
2

7.7678328
9.108191
0.4811697
0.27468
0.4811697
9.495686
0.27468
6.21363008
0.27468
6.21363008

15.53567
22.77048
0.962339
0.41202
1.202924
23.73922
0.41202
12.42726
0.41202
12.42726

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84

2
3
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2

W is the total weight carried by the beam

V is the reaction of the beam (WL/2)
x is the length of the main member of the connection
is the diameter of the bolt
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/Q)
*Values of x and are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP 2010).

For Roof (Beam-Column)

Connection
F4-B1
C15
FA-B1
FA-B1
C16
F3-B1
FA-B2
FA-B2
C17
F2-B1
FA-B3
FA-B3
C18
F1-B1
F4-B1
C19
F4-B2
FB-B1
FB-B1
C20
F3-B1

Type
1
2

2
1
2
3

Beam L
5
4
4
5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5

W
0.6867
0.54936
0.54936
0.6867
0.54936
0.54936
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.54936
0.54936
0.6867

V
1.71675
1.09872
1.09872
1.71675
1.09872
1.09872
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.09872
1.09872
1.71675

x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

Q
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84

n
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
84

C21

C22
C23

C24

C25

C26
C27
C28

Connect
ion

F3-B2
FB-B2
FB-B2
F2-B1
F2-B2
FB-B3
FB-B3
F1-B1
F1-B2
F4-B2
FD-B1
FD-B1
F3-B2
FD-B2
F3-B3
FD-B2
F2-B2
FD-B3
F2-B3
FD-B3
F1-B2
F3-B3
FE-B1
F3-B2
FE-B1

Beam L

5
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
4
4
5
4
3
4
5
4
3
5
5
3
4
3
4

2
1

2
2
2

F3-B2
5
F2-B2
5
Beam-Beam (2nd Floor Only)
FC-B1

0.6867
0.54936
0.54936
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.6867
0.54936
0.54936
0.6867
0.54936
0.41202
0.54936
0.6867
0.54936
0.41202
0.6867
0.54936
0.41202
0.54936
0.41202
0.54936

1.71675
1.09872
1.09872
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.71675
1.09872
1.09872
1.71675
1.09872
0.61803
1.09872
1.71675
1.09872
0.61803
1.71675
1.3734
0.61803
1.09872
0.61803
1.09872

2.406962 6.017404
2.406962 6.017404

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

100
100

16
16

16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16
16

9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84
9.84

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

n
9840
9840

1
1

85

II. Truss-Column, Truss-Beam

Determine the vertical (shear) forces in the member ends to be connected to other
members.

1. Determine the length of bolt in main member, the diameter of the bolt, and the allowable loads the
bolt could carry.
2. Compute for the number of bolts needed and spacing.

Truss-Column
Connection
AB
C1
AC
FG
EG C5
IG
JL
C9
KL

Type
1
2
1

A
45.678
40.451
2.603
28.371
28.371
45.678
40.451

x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

16
16
16
16
16
16
16

P
14.2
0
0
14.2
14.2
14.2
0

Q
9.84
9.84
9.84
0
0
9.84
9.84

(rad) cos
sin
0.4636 0.8944 0.4472
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0.4636 0.8944 0.4472
1
0

R
13.0441
9.8400
9.8400
14.2000
14.2000
13.0441
9.8400

n
4
5
1
2
2
4
5

A is the axial for from the truss member

x is the length of the main member of the connection
is the diameter of the bolt
P is the load perpendicular to the grain
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
R is the resultant of P and Q (Using Hankinsons Formula)
R=

PQ
2
P sin +Qcos
2

N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/R)

*Values of x and are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of P and Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP
2010).
*THIS DESIGN APPLIES TO ALL TRUSSES OF THE STRUCTURE WHOSE MEMBER/S IS/ARE
CONNECTED TO A COLUMN.

86

Truss-Beam
Connection
AB
FA-B1
AC
FG
EG
FB-B1
IG
JL
FD-B1
KL

Type
1
2
1

A
45.678
40.451
2.603
28.371
28.371
45.678
40.451

x
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

16
16
16
16
16
16
16

P
14.2
0
0
14.2
14.2
14.2
0

Q
9.84
9.84
9.84
0
0
9.84
9.84

(rad) cos
sin
0.4636 0.8944 0.4472
1
0
1
0
0
1
0
1
0.4636 0.8944 0.4472
1
0

R
13.0441
9.8400
9.8400
14.2000
14.2000
13.0441
9.8400

A is the axial for from the truss member

x is the length of the main member of the connection
is the diameter of the bolt
P is the load perpendicular to the grain
Q is the load perpendicular to the grain
R is the resultant of P and Q (Using Hankinsons Formula)
R=

PQ
P sin +Qcos2
2

N is the number of bolts needed for the connection. (V/R)

*Values of x and are chosen by the designer, resulting to a value of P and Q (from Table 6.17 NSCP
2010).

*THIS DESIGN APPLIES TO ALL TRUSSES OF THE STRUCTURE WHOSE MEMBER/S IS/ARE
CONNECTED TO A BEAM.

87

n
4
5
1
2
2
4
5

CHAPTER 4. DESIGN SCHEDULES AND SUMMARY

4.1. Joists

S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6
S-7

Computed
Actual
b
d
b
d
Ground Floor
100
170
100
220
100
170
100
220
100
220
100
220
100
170
100
220
100
170
100
220
100
220
100
220
100
130
100
220

o.c.
400
400
400
400
400
400
400

Second Floor
S-1
S-2
S-3
S-4
S-5
S-6

100
100
100
100
100
100

170
170
220
170
70
220

100
100
100
100
100
100

220
220
220
220
220
220

S-7

100

140

100

220

400
400
400
400
400
400
400

88

4.2. Beam/Girder Schedule

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2

Computed
Actual
b
d
b
d
Ground Floor
200
340
100
420
200
420
100
420
200
410
100
420
200
340
100
420
200
340
100
420

F3-B2

200

420

100

420

F2-B2
F1-B2
FD-B2
FE-B1
FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

410
340
210
220
100
90
110
100
100
100
90
120

100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100

420
420
220
220
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120

F4-B1
F3-B1
F2-B1
F1-B1
F4-B2
F3B2*
F2B2*
F1-B2
FC-B1
FD-B2
FE-B1
FA-B1
FA-B2
FA-B3
FB-B1
FB-B2
FB-B3
FD-B1
FD-B3

Computed
Actual
b
d
b
d
Second Floor
200
300
200
390
200
360
200
390
200
390
200
390
200
330
200
390
200
300
200
390
200

290

200

390

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

330
330
170
250
240
90
90
120
100
100
100
90
120

200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200

390
390
170
250
250
120
120
120
120
120
120
120
120

89

4.3. Columns

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14

Computed
Actual
b
d
b
d
1st - 2nd Floor
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250

15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28

Computed
Actual
b
d
b
d
2nd Flr - Roof
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250
250
200
250
250

90

APPENDIX - REFERENCES
Books

Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines. National Structural Code of the Philippines
2010. Quezon City, Philippines: Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines, Inc.
Aghaveree, A. & Vigil, J. Structural and Wood Design A Practice-Oriented
Approach Using the ASD Method.

Websites

http://www.bca.gov.sg/publications/BuildabilitySeries/others/prh_s2.pdf
http://elearning.vtu.ac.in/P6/enotes/CV61/Beams-GS.pdf
http://www.kultur.gov.tr/EN,35285/wood-as-a-building-material-its-benefitsand-disadvanta-.html
www.google.com

91