NAME: ______________________________________________

GRADE & SECTION: ________________________________

DATE : _______________
Technical Drawing 1

TECHNICAL TERMS
First Grading
Accented is a form of heavy and light elements of letters.
Slant line is an inclined line.
Style is the manner of designing or shaping a drawing.
Sketching is a preliminary drafting.
Stroke is the technique of printing letters.
Uppercase Letters are the big letters of the alphabets.
Proportion refers to the quality standard of shape, figure, form of object or drawing.
Freehand Drawing. is performed without the use of mechanical drawing instruments. it is purely done
by pencil rendering.

INFORMATION SHEET # 1.1

Skill in lettering is a basic requirement for a student in drawing. He must be exposed to the
lettering activities to orient him on the quality standard in printing letters.
Lettering is used as a form of communication. As applied in drawing, it adds beauty if it is wellprinted. Likewise, it can destroy the appearance of the drawing once it is not done well.

The Four Group of Letters

1. Gothic Letters. They are the most simple and readable among the four group of letters. It has a
uniform stem. It should be applied only for poster and advertisement purposes.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss Tt
Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy
Two forms of gothic letters:
a. Commercial Gothic. It is printed with heavy stem. It is used for advertisement purposes
only.
b. Single Stroke. It is printed with thin stem. It is used for engineering drawing purposes.

2. Roman Letters. The thickness of these letters is not uniform. they have pointed stem which is
called serif. They must be used for books, magazine, newspapers, and text matters.

Aa Bb Cc Dd Ee Ff Gg Hh Ii Jj Kk Ll Mm Nn Oo Pp Qq Rr Ss
Tt Uu Vv Ww Xx Yy
The Three Classics of Roman Letters:
a. Old Roman Letters. They are printed by means of layout form using the flexible
lettering pen. The thickness of the thin stem must be from the thickness of the
heavy stem.
b. Modern Roman Letters. They are printed in single stroke using the speedball pen.
c. Modified Roman. Similar to Modern Roman, they are printed in single stroke using
the speedball pen. However, this style must be printed in the absence of serif.

3. Spanish Script. It is considered as artistic letters. It is purposely used for certificates, diplomas,
citations, greetings and invitation cards.

4. Text or Old English. This style is the most artistic among the four groups of letter. Similar to
Spanish script, it is also used for certificates, diplomas, citations, greetings and invitation cards.

The Rule of Stability of letters

This refers to the standard rules to be considered in printing the letters particularly
on the following:
1. Upper Case letters. They are letters which are printed in capital form. Three guidelines are cap line,
waist line, and base line.
Example:
cap line

ABCDEFG

waist line
base line

2. Lower Case Letters. These are the letters which are printed in small letters printed with the use of
four guidelines such as cap line, waist line, base line, and dropped line.
Example:

abcdfgy
The General Proportion of Letters

cap
line
waist
line

base line
dropped line

1. Compressed or Condensed. This particular proportion should be applied only when the space is
limited. The letters are printed with closer distance and its width is narrower than the normal size.
Example:

COMPRESSED
2. Extended. This proportion is applied when there is a more space. The width of the letter is wider
than the height.
Example:

3. Normal. This proportion is applied when there is normal space. The letter is printed in the normal
size.
Example:

NORMAL
The Two Proportion of Thickness
1. Boldface. This refers to the letters which are printed with heavy stem.
Example:

BOLDFACE

2. Lightface. This refers to the letters which are printed with thin stem.
Example:

Below are the suggested lettering tools and instruments and their uses:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Speed Ball
Lettering Brush
Felt Point Pen
Letter Template
Letter Transfer
Pencil
Technical Pen
Leroy Lettering Pen

used in writing different various styles of letters

used for sign painting
used for sign painting
used as guide for letter transfer
used to direct letter transfer
used for lettering and sketching
used for Gothic letters
used for engineering and architectural lettering

Order of Strokes in Lettering

The first letters that should be studied are I, L, T, F, E, H. These letters are the easiest to draw
because the basic strokes are vertical and horizontal. You should practice making these letters according
to the models.
The next group P, R, B, U and J requires close study because of the introduction of the curved line
aside from the three already given.
The last group of letters is C, G, O, Q, D and S which are based on the circle.
The M and W must be printed wider than the other letters. It is suggested therefore that its width
should be greater than the other letters by 25 percent. The letter I is the thinnest letter.

Making Numerals

All mechanical drawings involve the use of numerals, hence, they should be studied closely. Notice
that in the figures below are all 6 units and 5 units wide except 1. All figures are composed of the
essential strokes found in the letters which are straight and curved. See Figure 1.1

Single stroke vertical upper case letters and numerals

Figure 1.1

Single stroke vertical lower case letters

Figure 1.2

Single stroke inclined upper case lower case letters and numerals
Figure 1.3

Single stroke inclined lower case letters

Figure 1.4