Guide Questions for Concept Map: Zika Virus

1.) Describe briefly the disease condition.

The

Zika

virus,

first

identified

in

Uganda

in

1947,

is

transmitted

by Aedes mosquitoes, the same type of mosquito that carries dengue fever, yellow
fever, and chikungunya virus. A mosquito bites an infected person and then passes
those viruses to other people it bites. Outbreaks did not occur outside of Africa until
2007, when it spread to the South Pacific. The CDC has confirmed Zika can spread
through sex, usually after a person traveled to an area where Zika has broken out, got
the virus, and gave the virus to a sex partner who did not travel. Infected women and
men can both pass the virus to sex partners -- even if they havent shown symptoms of
infection, the CDC says. In addition, infected pregnant women can pass the virus on to
their fetus.
2) Determine predisposing and precipitating factors and discuss.
Zika Virus
Predisposing Factors:
Age
Gender

:
Zika Virus is a common disorder in all age group
and both female and male are equally affected.

Precipitating Factors:
Tropical/Warm
Weather
Unprotected Sex
Blood Transfusion

The prime vectors of Zika Virus are commonly

active in tropical areas which have warm
weather. Zika can be transmitted from men and
women to their sexual partners because the
virus is transmissible through sperm. The virus
can also be transmitted through blood
transfusion.

3.) Discuss briefly the pathologic process.

After being bitten by an Aedes aegypti mosquito carrying West Nile Virus, the
virus replicate in epidermal keratinocytes and the Langerhans cells. The infected
dendritic cells migrate to the regional draining lymph node and seed the virus

within this node. This leads to viremia. The virus then proceeds to the
bloodstream.
4.) Identify the different clinical manifestations as the disease condition progresses.

Fever
Chills
Loss of Appetite
Sweating
Eye Redness
Headache
Vomiting
Pain on back of the eyes, muscles and joints.
Microcephaly for babies with infected mothers during pregnancy

5.) What are the diagnostic studies and its relevance to the disease condition?
Polymersase Chain Reaction :
- Nucleic acid detection by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction
(RT-PCR) targeting the non-structural protein 5 genomic region is the primary
means of diagnosis. It is useful in the first 3-5 days after the onset of
symptoms.
Serological Tests :
- An ELISA has been developed to detect IgM to ZIKV only after five days.
Because it is closely related to dengue and yellow fever, it may cross-react
with antibody tests for those viruses.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Test :
- Nucleic acid amplification test (NAT) for detection of viral RNA can also be
performed.
Plaque Reduction Neutralization Assay :
-

The Plaque reduction neutralization assay generally has improved specificity

over immunoassays, but may still yield cross-reactive results in secondary

flavivirus infections.
6.) What are the medical/surgical management and discuss briefly.
Medical

Surgical

* No specific antiviral medication is

currently available to treat Zika. The
treatment

of

dengue

fever

is

symptomatic and supportive in nature.

1.)

Acetaminophen

recommended

(Paracetamol)

for treatment of

pain

and fever.
2.) Drink fluids to prevent dehydration.

7.) Determine nursing diagnosis based on the clinical manifestations

Ineffective Protection
Anxiety
Disturbed Body Image
Deficient Knowledge
Ineffective Coping
Risk for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
Social Isolation
Risk for impaired parenting

8.) Bibliography

Johnson, C., Nursing Management for Zika Virus, Retrieved November 11, 2016,
http://nursing.advanceweb.com/Features/Articles/Nursing-Management-of-the-

Zika-Virus.aspx
Transmission & Risks. (2016). Retrieved November 11, 2016,
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/transmission/index.html
H. (2016). Zika Virus : Structure, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, Symptoms,
Laboratory Diagnosis and Prevention | LaboratoryInfo.com. Retrieved November
11, 2016, http://laboratoryinfo.com/zika-virus-structure-epidemiologypathogenesis-symptoms-laboratory-diagnosis-and-prevention/
About Zika Virus Disease (2016). Retrieved November 11, 2016, from
http://www.cdc.gov/zika/about/index.html

Concept Map of Zika Virus

Predisposing
Factors:
- Age
-

Precipitating
Factors:
- Tropical/Warm
weather
Unprotected
Sex
Crossing
Blood -Brain
Zika
Virusofreplication
in
- Blood Transfusion
Migration
to lymph
Barrier
Langerhan
cells

Bite of a Aedes, Culex,

or Anopheles mosquito
carrying Zika Virus

Signs and Symptoms:

- Fever
- Rash
- Joint pain
- Conjunctivitis
- Chills
- Loss of appetite
- Pain in the back of
the eyes
- Sweating

Signs and
Symptoms:
- Headache
- Muscle Pain

Diagnostic Tests:
- Polymersase Chain Reaction
- Nucleic Acid Amplification Test
- ELISA
- Plaque Reduction
Neutralization Assay

Migration to blood

Spinal cord and brain

are affected

Nursing Care Plan:

- Ineffective Protection
- Anxiety
- Disturbed Body Image
- Deficient Knowledge
- Ineffective Coping
- Risk for Sudden Infant
Death Syndrome
- Social Isolation
- Risk for impaired
parenting