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Professionally and specifically focuses for O & M of Grid Tied and Non Grid Tied PV system differ
but target is ONE To maximise production of electricity while minimizing O & M expenses. In
grid tied system which is in MW scale the generation of solar power along with synchronisation
with grid is cumpolsory to increase yield where as in non grid tied PV system owner must make
sure their assets are managed in the best possible effective way and style.
The evolving grid tied PV system is coming in forefront in last few years in major ways since
there was no successfully benchmarked previous ways to perform operation and maintenance in
this field. Just lessons learned by others in different small pockets (mostly in KW range) from
place to place were tried it before. Now all is coming in a big way so the structure or governance
in operation and maintenance will have exploring policies, procedures, sub-committee and service
procedures all at the stage of commissioning of solar plant fully functional with explanation on
how the operation and maintenance is built to last for life time of plant in most economical way.
There are several risks in O & M of plant which has to be mitigated during life cycle. First
risk starts with EPC contractor. It is very common that an EPC contractor is engaged for MW scale
plant who gives certain warranty for the performance. Here is the catch. The warranty giver
always make sure that project performance is as per agreement during pendency of warranty
which does not include the full life time of plant in general. So they have main interest in finding a
solution for immediate performance problem avoiding at long term goal of project. As a
consequence to this, potential problem that probably impact performance later in the life time of
project might not get noticed to the owner. In fact the main focus of EPC agency is to commission
the plant and provide O & M service as per agreement. It is also noticed that O & M during initial
period is much less and complexities occur after running of
plant for a considerable long time. So it is advisable for hiring a competent third party to provide
exhaustive observation cum report of all activities and issues post commissioning in view of O&M
strategies. This will help a lot provided all issues are addressed as early as possible. It is worth
to remember that each delay will adversely the ROI. This becomes an important mile stone as it
defines responsibilities at all stage from construction to commissioning and up to maintenance.
ABC analysis of this valuable report is made cumpolsory by owner of project which helps him for
best O&M practices from Array to recording meter at evacuation point of utility. Before start of
project the owner has to make sure for O&M strategy of the plant which will help him to keep
finances under control. There are variety of potential hiccups in entire game which needs to be
analysed, forecasted and remedial action taken at the start itself. This pays back and gives profit
(ROI) in long run to owner.
Let us take item wise O&M of PV MW plant for optimal performance and uninterrupted
operation point of view. Among all the top priority for stakeholder goes to regular monitoring of
parameters of solar plant to ensure following:
1. Consistency and regularity
2. Repeatability
3. Data supremacy and quality
4. Reproducibility
This must be for panels(Arrays), inverter and Balance of system as the case may be. The
figures below shows the failure rate which are just guideline for grid tied system:
1. Inverter failure : 45%
2. Module failure like shading soiling etc: 10%
3. AC and DC system: 10%
4. Synchronisation with evacuation system : 15%
5. Tracker malfunction: 10%
means levelled land and often gradient land with presence of small or large trees or mix of
above is available. These local condition effect much on type of O&M needed for the project.
Occasionally open field in stretch of miles and or foot of hill pose variety of local situation. Soil
condition and saline atmosphere is equally responsible for variation. Resistivity plays an
important role. More resistivity means more number of earth stations and proportionally
increase in O&M. Flooding during rainy days or dust particle like in desert area are all culprit
for O&M variation.
Type of module, like Mono Csi, Poly Csi, thin film. Module with wider power tolerance lead to
mismatch i.e. lower over all output so only
positive tolerance module help to reduce O&M. Aluminium alloy border or without border.
Distance between them to avoid shading foundation design of structure and type of structure
to withstand wind velocity of 150 miles/hour etc.
Inverter make and specification. This alone has highest failure rate in whole system. For
ventilation It is oil cooled or water cooled or fan cooled, its own running loss, in built MPPT,
input DC voltage and current, Output AC voltage and efficiency, temperature related deration
(reduction in efficiency), grading like A to E with transformer or transformer-less inverter,
centralised (500 KW to 1667 KW) or string distributed, power clliping loss, harmonic content,
power output of higher quality like pure sine wave or modified sine wave matters a lot on type
of O&M as well as surge capacity etc.
AJB/SJB make and style, number of input and output of each AJB/SJB enclosure like IP65 or IP68
are directly linked with O&M because they all have to give satisfactory life of 25 years as per
practise in the industry.
Earth Station requirement for O&M is always on yearly basis but more earth station mean more
expenses and it all depends on soil condition and design of system. This is also silent killer of
system so O&M can not be avoided.
A. requires replacement whenever there is lightening fall in that area and some areas are prone
to thunder and lightening and some are free from this so depends on location.
DC and AC electrical net work demands thermography for O&M point of view. DC SYSTEM
demands larger attention for O&M. Spark generation causing several type of faults creates
disturbance in meeting the target. This be done on regular interval of week to week basis.
Transformer requires recommended scheduled maintenance and this keeps them fit for entire
life of 25 Occasionally break-down maintenance is also done.
Batteries are energy storage device for non grid ties system and they demand daily
maintenance as per manufacturer manual
Proper record of history of all equipments with the O&M done on it helps the owner in many
ways. This is followed for entire life of plant.
It is experienced that loss of annual performance is decreased with proper O&M. Thus there is
direct and indirect advantage to follow up best O&M practise. So overall a strategy has to be
chalked out by owner to make it economical on custom basis as explained above. A typical
preventive maintenance schedule for 50 MW AC solar farm project grid tied of USA is prepared
and GIVEN UNDER for perusal of reader.
More
Information.O&M
Master
Schedule
(http://www.eqmagpro.com/wp-
content/uploads/2016/01/OM-Master-Schedule.docx)
(150)
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