NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship

Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

Framing the Wild Edge

Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship

01 Statement of Intent
1.1 Introduction
This statement of intent proposes a survey of coastal pools in NSW and the formulation of strategies towards their re-interpretation along our changing coastlines.
Coastal pools can be found up and down the length of New South Wales in numbers
unique to Australia. The typology has a rich history and continues to be a focal point
among coastal communities in NSW. Many were constructed as public works projects during the depression and have created a lasting legacy with approximately
120 still actively in use today. Despite being a valued part of the built environment,
these pools are on the decline due to various current and future challenges they
face2.
1.2 Significance of this topic
A growing number of these structures are progressively becoming ghost pools left
un-maintained, unsafe or being filled in, they slowly erode under the forces of nature
and time. This trend is a function of various issues such as liability, funding, codes
and standards, planning policies and rising sea levels5.
Coastal pools are largely opportunistic interventions that exploit the natural topography of the rock platform to make a protected and convenient swimming area.
They often exhibit the bare minimum, dematerializing into the rock platform yet
providing amenity and facilitating easy access to the ocean7.
Upgrading and maintaining these structures within the current planning environment calls local councils duty of care and planning instruments into play requiring
onerous or restrictive works that are contradictory to the intrinsic natural beauty of
the pools.
Coastal pools are presented with difficulties as they continue to age and as our
coastline adapts to rising sea levels. This means that many coastal communities
will be faced with the prospect of abandoning their local pool despite it being a well
used and valued space4.

1.3 Contribution to the profession and wider community

1.4 Promoting understanding of architectural matters in the community

It is the responsibility of our profession to interpret and advocate on issues concerning the built environment on behalf of the wider community. The issues in
relation to coastal pools pose negative impacts on the community as we loose
the amenity these structures currently provide. Formulating strategies to address
these challenges contributes various solutions to retain and re-imagine this unique
part of the built and natural environment.

The promotion and understanding of architectural matters in the community is a

key requirement of the Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship. As this statement of
intent outlines, this project proposes the research and advancement of architectural matters from a domestic perspective. It focuses on contributing and furthering architecture in NSW In the spirit of Hadleys wishes by celebrating and striving
to re-establish a typology unique to our built environment. This is in part due to
the unique opportunity it presents for engaging with many stake holders including local communities, government, students, academics and relevant industry
professionals8.

The first outcome of this is a drafted record of the typology as it currently exists.
This is undertaken to understand the defining design characteristics of coastal
pools and to enable this knowledge to guide future work including their conservation, adaptation and re-establishment into the future. These drawings are to be
digitally published for use and reference as a historical record and made available
as live CAD files to the National Trust and relevant Government bodies.
The second stage of this proposal is a series of case studies addressing key challenges the typology faces as described above. This will test common scenarios
where a pool may require upgrades, repairs or in some cases relocation. From
these scenarios strategies will be formulated to navigate these issues within our
regulatory frameworks. The intended objective is to identify ways in which the typology may be preserved or re-imagined as opposed to lost. It is anticipated that
the study may flag black spots within current planning policies and call for better
governance with regard to these structures.

Our coastal pools are an innate part of the beach in NSW, often referred to as the
great leveller for its importance as a shared, natural space in the public domain.
Many, if not most, can relate to summer days by the beach sun bathing, exploring
headlands and plunging into pools cut into the rock platform1,9.
Because of this coastal pools are an approachable and engaging focal point with
which to instigate dialogue with local communities. The typology can facilitate
larger conversations regarding new approaches to coastal pool design and raise
awareness about planning, safety, conservation and climate change with ease.
It for this reason that this project has great potential to create a window through
which the community can understand architectural matters and better value their
role in the built environment.

Geographically they are outliers of the built environment poised at the threshold of our nations boundary.
Anchored to an iconic part of the coast, they facilitate intimate encounters with the landscape and reflect its importance in our national psyche.

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

02 Proposed Outcomes
2.1 Stage 01 - Documentation of key design characteristics of typology

2.2 Stage 02 - Proposed strategies for retention and re-establishment

The outcome for this stage is to establish a clear picture of the typology and

Stage 02 aims to apply the information gathered in stage 01 towards the future

understand the defining design characteristics of coastal pools in order to retain

of the typology. This will take the form of studies addressing key challenges fac-

and/or re-imagine them going forward. This is to be undertaken as follows;

ing the typology and testing various solutions within the planning environment. It

1. Collate definitive register of NSW coastal pools (see preliminary register

on following pages). This is to include past and present pools. Research
to be conducted into ghost pools as to why they fell out of use. Research for this draws and builds upon the 1994 survey of Harbour-side
and Ocean pools in NSW commissioned by the National Trust

involves understanding what legislation and policies the pools come under and
which level of government has assumed responsibility for and provides funding
towards them. This will inform the extent and nature of these case studies however a suggested list includes exploring the following scenarios;

Relocation of pools due to rising sea levels

2. Photographic record to accompany register in the form of aerial photos

Maintenance and remediation to pools damaged in high seas

of each pool to scale sourced from either SixMaps or NearMaps (see

Issues of indemnity and liability regarding local municipal councils

Code/standard requirements and how they effect existing pools to be

6,3

following pages for preliminary list).

3. Within this register each pool is to be categorised by type into sub
groups with an exemplary pool from each group selected for further
documentation.
4. Documentation of exemplary pools - survey of each pool to be taken
using remote pilot aircraft (drone) and mapping software. This creates
a highly accurate 3D survey model of selected pools for use in CAD
software. From this each exemplary pool is to be documented in plan
and section to scale.

upgraded and the construction of new pools

Local government funding

Accessibility

An anticipated outcome of research conducted in Stage 02 is that NSW planning policies and requirements do not allow for the upgrade of existing or
construction of new coastal pools in ways that are true to the intrinsic natural
beauty of the typology. Given that rising sea levels threaten the existence of
many coastal pools they will gradually and collectively cease to exist. Part of
this undertaking seeks to address this and respond with proposed strategies to
re-establish the pools.

2.3 Successful Outcomes of this Project

A successful outcome of this project is the exemption of the coastal pool typology from current New South Wales planning policies and requirements. Instead
the typology would be regulated by a new specialised planning instrument that is
supplemented by design guidelines to ensure the retention and re-establishment
of the typology. This would detail good design practices, standards and requirements for the maintenance, remediation and re-establishment of coastal pools.
The intent of Stage 01 and Stage 02 is to equip the profession with the information
to facilitate this outcome and create a catalyst for dialogue surrounding the matter.
In turn this contributes to the advancement and re-imagination of a unique part of
architecture in NSW.

No. Pool/Bath

Ballina Shire
Clarence Valley

Sawtell
Hallidays Point
Forster

Coffs Harbour
Taree City Council
Great Lakes

Newcastle

Newcastle

31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57

Norah Head
The Entrance
Terrigal
Avoca Beach
Copacabana
MacMasters
Kilcare
Umina
Pearl Beach
Palm Beach
Whale Beach
Avalon
Bilgola
Newport
Mona Vale
Narrabeen
Narrabeen

Wyong Shire

City of Gosford

Pittwater Council

Collaroy Rock Pool

Dee Why Rock Pool
North Curl Curl Rock Pool
South Curl Curl Rock Pool
Freshwater Rock Pool
Queenscliff Rock Pool
Forty Baskets Beach Pool
Clontarf
Fairy Bower Pool
Fairlight Beach Pool
Manly Swimming Enclosure
North Steyne
Sand Bay
Grotto Point
Balmoral Baths
Clifton Gardens
Sailors Bay
Kuringai Chase
MacCallum
Greenwich Baths
Redcliffe Baths
Nielson Park
Shark Beach
Parsley Bay
Murray Rose (Redleaf) Pool
Watsons Bay Baths

Type Region Suburb

Northern Beaches

LGA

Ballina
Yamba

Sydney Harbour

Type Region Suburb

North Coast

East Ballina Childrens Pool

Yamba Rock Pool
Angourie Blue Pool
Sawtell Memorial Rock Pool
Black Head Rock Pool
Forster Ocean Baths
Soldiers Baths
Newcastle Ocean Baths
Canoe Pool
Ladies Baths
Bogey Hole
Bar Beach
Merewether Old Baths
Mereweather Ocean Baths
Norah Head Rock Pool
The Entrance Ocean Baths
Terrigal Rock Pool
Avoca Beach Rock Pool
Copacabana Rock Pool
MacMasters Ocean Baths
Putty Beach Rock Pool
Umina Beach Pool
Pearl Beach Rock Pool
Palm Beach Rock Pool
Whale Beach Rock Pool
Avalon Rock Pool
Bilgola Rock Pool
Newport Rock Pool
Mona Vale Rock Pool
Narrabeen Head
North Narrabeen Rock Pool

Hunter

01
02
03
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30

Central Coast

No. Pool/Bath

Northern Beaches

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

2.4 Preliminary Register of NSW Coastal Pools

Collaroy
Dee Why
North Curl Curl
South Curl Curl
Feshwater
Queenscliff
Balgowlah
Balgowlah

LGA

Warringah Council

Manly

Manly Council

Balmoral Baech
Mosman

Municipality of
Mosman

Cremorne Point

North Sydney Council

Vauclause

Waverly Council

Double Bay
Watsons Bay

Woolahra Council

Bondi
Bronte

Waverly Council

84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114

Clovelly
Coogee
Coogee
Coogee
Coogee
South Coogee
Maroubra

City of Randwick

Malabar
Little Bay
Cronulla

Royal
National Park

Sutherland Shire

Coalcliff Baths
Clifton Baths
Doctors Pool
Scarborough Baths
Wombarra Baths
Coledale Baths
Austinmer Baths
Childrens Pool
Thirroul Olympic Pool
Bulli Baths
Woonona Baths
Bellambi Baths
Towradgi Pool
Wollongong Mens Baths
Wollongong Toddlers Pool
Continental Baths
Nuns Pool
Ladies Baths
Port Kembla Olympic Pool
Beverly Whitfield Pool
Pheasant Point
Blow Hole Point
Campbells Hole
Werri Beach Pool
Boatharbour Baths
Currarong Pools
Husskisson Sea Pool
Mollymook Bogey Hole
Ulladulla Sea Pool
Bermagui Blue Pool
Aslings Beach Rock Pool

Type Region Suburb

Coalcliff
Clifton
Scarborough

LGA

Wombarra
Coledale
Austinmer
Illawarra

No. Pool/Bath

City of Willoughby
Hunters Hill
Lane Cove Council
Leichardt Council

Thirroul
Bulli
Woonona
Ballambi
Towradgi

City of Wollongong

Wollongong

Shoalhaven

LGA

Northbridge
Henly
Tambourine Bay
Balmain
North Bondi

South East NSW

Sydney
Harbour

Type Region Suburb

Eastern Suburbs

Northbridge Pool
Henley
Tambourine Bay
Dawn Fraser Pool
Wally Weeks
Mermaid Baths
Bondi Icebergs
Bronte Baths
Bronte Bogey Hole
Geoff James Pool
Giles Baths
Ross Jones Memorial Pool
McIvers Womens Baths
Wylies Baths
Ivor Rowe Pool
Mahon Pool
South Maroubra Rock Pool
Malabar Pool
Little Bay Pool
North Cronulla Pool
Cronulla Ocean Baths
Oak Park Pool
Shelly Beach Pool
Big Marley Rock Pool
Figure Eight Pool
Bulgo Pool

South
Sydney

58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83

Illawarra

No. Pool/Bath

Port Kembla
Shellharbour
Kiama

City of Shellharbour

Werri Beach

Municipality of Kiama

Gerringong
Currarong
Huskisson
Mollymook
Ulladulla
Bermagui
Eden

City of Shoalhaven

Bega Valley Shire

Natural
Permeable Enclosure
Partly Formed
Fully Formed
Former Pool/Bath

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

2.5 Aerial Photography of NSW Coastal Pools - Scale 1:10,000

01

East Ballina Childrens Pool

40

Fairy Bower Pool

79

Oak Park Pool (Glaisher Baths)

03

Angourie Blue Pool

42

Manly Swimming Enclosure

81

Big Marley Rock Pool

02
04
05
06
07
08
09
10
11

12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39

10

Yamba Rock Pool

Sawtell Memorial Rock Pool

Black Head Rock Pool
Forster Ocean Baths
Soldiers Baths

Newcastle Ocean Baths

Canoe Pool

Ladies Baths
Bogey Hole
Bar Beach

Merewether Old Baths

Mereweather Ocean Baths

Norah Head Rock Pool

The Entrance Ocean Baths

Terrigal Rock Pool

Avoca Beach Rock Pool

Copacabana Rock Pool

MacMasters Ocean Baths

Putty Beach Rock Pool
Umina Beach Pool

Pearl Beach Rock Pool

Palm Beach Rock Pool

Whale Beach Rock Pool

Avalon Rock Pool
Bilgola Rock Pool

Newport Rock Pool

Mona Vale Rock Pool

Narrabeen Head

North Narrabeen Rock Pool

Collaroy Rock Pool

Dee Why Rock Pool

North Curl Curl Rock Pool

South Curl Curl Rock Pool

Freshwater Rock Pool
Queenscliff Rock Pool

Forty Baskets Beach Pool

Clontarf

Source: https://maps.six.nsw.gov.au/

41
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78

Fairlight Beach Pool

North Steyne
Sand Bay

Grotto Point

Balmoral Baths

Clifton Gardens
Sailors Bay

Middle Harbour
MacCallum

Greenwich Baths
Redcliffe Baths
Nielson Park

Shark Beach
Parsley Bay
Redleaf

Watsons Bay Baths

Northbridge Pool
Henley

Tambourine Bay

Dawn Fraser Pool

Wally Weeks

Mermaid Baths
Bondi Icebergs
Bronte Baths

Bronte Bogey Hole

Geoff James Pool
Giles Baths

Ross Jones Memorial Pool

McIvers Womens Baths
Wylies Baths

Ivor Rowe Pool

Mahon Pool

South Maroubra Rock Pool

Malabar Pool

Little Bay Pool

North Cronulla Pool

Cronulla Ocean Baths

80
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99

100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111

112
113
114

Shelly Beach Pool

Figure Eight Pool
Bulgo Pool

Coalcliff Baths
Clifton Baths

Doctors Pool

Scarborough Baths
Wombarra Baths
Coledale Baths

Austinmer Baths
Childrens Pool

Thirroul Olympic Pool

Bulli Baths

Woonona Baths
Bellambi Baths
Towradgi Pool

Wollongong Mens Baths

Wollongong Toddlers Pool

Continental Baths
Nuns Pool

Ladies Baths

Port Kembla Olympic Pool

Beverly Whitfield Pool
Pheasant Point

Blow Hole Point

Campbells Hole

Werri Beach Pool

Boatharbour Baths
Currarong Pools

Husskisson Sea Pool

Mollymook Bogey Hole

Ulladulla Sea Pool

Bermagui Blue Pool

Aslings Beach Rock Pool

50m

100m

12
Rose Bay
Shark Beach
Parsley Bay
Murray Rose (Redleaf) Pool
Watsons Bay Baths
Wally Weeks & Mermaid Baths
Bondi Icebergs
Bronte Baths & Bronte Bogey Hole
Geoff James Pool
Giles Baths
Ross Jones Memorial Pool
McIvers Womens Baths
Wylies Baths
Ivor Rowe Pool
Mahon Pool
South Maroubra Rock Pool
Malabar Pool
Little Bay Pool

Scale 1:50,000

2.6 East Sydney Coastal Pools

54
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57
62-63
64
65-66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
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75
76

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

62

64

57

55

54

56

74

75
65

72

67

71

68

70
69

76

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

2.7 Sample Documentation of Coastal Pools

14
Wylies Baths Coogee

10m
Currarong Rock Pool

1:1000

30m

15

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

04 Applicant Profile
4.1 Curriculum Vitae
Secondary

Santa Sabina College 2007

Tertiary
2010
2013

The University of Sydney

Bachelor of Design in Architecture
Masters of Architecture

Employment
Firm

Position

Tzannes Associates
Jan 2011 Present
Designer

Executive Summary

2016

Sculpture by the Sea, Bondi (Pending)

Dynamics in Impermanence

working in the construction industry. As a candidate

2015

107 Projects Artists in Residence

Body of Work Plywood series

2013

Sculpture by the Sea, Bondi

Ephemeral Aura

2013

Pier 2/3 Theatre Production

Gold Monstrous Geometries

Awarded High Distinction

Project Experience
Public SydneyPhilip Thalis and Peter John Cantrill
Publication 2013

This project was the summation of a Masters of Ar-

Transport for NSW Kit of Parts 2014

Station Platform Furniture Design Guide

M.Arch Graduation Project 2013

Sublime Australia, Collective Conscious

chitecture with the University of Sydney. It explores

the relationship between Australian culture and the
coastal landscape which bounds our nation. This
involved extensive research into Australian culture,
NSW coastal environments and coastal archetypes.
The project was awarded a high distinction and was
well received by the local community at a forum of
Bondi Pavilion.

18

Exhibitions/Installations

Nicole Larkin is a Sydney based designer and artist

for the 2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship the
following details her experience and capability to
undertake the project and actively contribute to the
profession.
Candidate Profile

Upon completing her undergraduate studies at the

University of Sydney in 2010 Nicole accepted a student role with architecture and urban design firm
Tzannes Associates. She has held a position with
Tzannes since then, excelling within the practice into
the role of graduate and then designer. During this
time she has worked on a range of projects through
various phases of design, council approval and con-

Kirribilli Apartments 2015

Tender Documentation

struction. During 2012 she worked closely with Pe-

Sussex Street 2015

Design Excellence Competition

published in Public Sydney: Drawing the City. This

Vaucluse Residence 2016

Concept Design, CDC, DA

ter John Cantrill to research and produce drawings

particular experience exposed her to the rigorous
standards of research, documentation and presentation required when communicating issues regarding
the built environment.

4.2 Capacity to undertake this scholarship

Nicoles capacity to undertake the Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship derives from
her experience, skills and atrraction to the intrinsic beauty of NSWs coastal pools. Thi
project calls for a high standard of research and communication of ideas which Nicole
is well placed to deliver.
Nicole has sought out Alec Tzannes (Emeritus Professor, UNSW Built Envrionment) to
mentor her through this project and give guidance and direction where required. This
will ensure the project is extensively researched and supported by a rigorous understanding of the legislative planning environment in NSW.
Technically the skills and specialised equipment required to document this project
includes survey via remotely piloted aircraft, use of photographic mapping and archi-

!"#$%&'()#*!

tectural drafting software. Nicoles broad skill set and capabilities across these fields
make her proficient in using these tools to produce valuable resources.

Public Sydney_TEXT.indd 109

6/12/12 1:13 PM

Over the course of her time at Tzannes Associates Nicole has been involved with key
projects such as Public Sydney which have instilled a value for good design and
a high standard of graphic representation and communication. She has also been
involved in delivering projects focusing on the development of design guidelines and
design excellence. Nicoles role and responsibilities as project architect have made
her familiar with managing time effectively to ensure deliverables and outcomes are
met to a high standard.

Public Sydney_TEXT.indd 69

Excerpt from Public Sydney, Drawing the City

6/12/12 1:09 PM

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

05 Mentor/Referee Details
Mentor/Referee Alec Tzannes

Contact

Graham Quint

Title/Position

Director, Architect (Tzannes)

Title/Position

Acting Chief Executive Officer

Emeritus Professor, UNSW Built Envrionment

The National Trust of Australia (NSW)

BSc (Arch), BArch (Sydney), MS Arch + UD Columbia

Address

The National Trust Centre

AIA (Hon), MRAIC (Hon), FNZIA, LFRAIA

Upper Fort Street, Millers Point

Address

63 Myrtle Street, Chippendale NSW 2008

(The Rocks) Sydney

Contact number 9319 3744

Contact number (02) 9258 0123

Contact email

alec@tzannes.com.au

Contact email

Referee

Allison Cronin

Title/Position

Urban Designer City of Sydney, Architect

Address

54/153-157 George Street, Redfern NSW 2016

Contact number 0422 239 503

Contact email

20

National Trust of Australia (New South Wales)

acronin@cityofsydney.nsw.gov.au

Note: Copies of written references attached and included in appendix

gquint@nationaltrust.com.au

06 Appendix

NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

6.3 National Trust Survey




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NSW Architects Registration Board

2016 Byera Hadley Travelling Scholarship
Statement of Intent Framing the Wild Edge
Applicant Nicole Larkin

6.4 Reference List

1. Langford, Ben. Exhilaration Is A Swim In Austinmer Ocean Pool. Illawarra Mercury 2014. Web. 19 June 2016.
2. McDermott, Marie-Louise. NSW Ocean Baths - Pools By Region. NSW Ocean Baths. N.p., 2016. Web. 14 Apr. 2016.
3. Spruhan, Therese. Ocean Pools | Swimming Pool Stories. Swimmingpoolstories.com.au. N.p., 2016. Web. 16 June 2016
4. Sullivan, Rachel. Swim Between The Rocks. Sydney Morning Herald 2008. Web. 14 Apr. 2016.
5. Turner, Brian. The Revival Of Urban Baths A Global Perspective | Waikiki War Memorial Natatorium | National Trust For Historic Preservation. Savingplaces.
org. N.p., 2016. Web. 17 May 2016.
6. Ludlow, Christa & National Estate Grants Program (Australia) & EJE Landscape 1994, Survey of harbourside & ocean pools of the Sydney metropolitan region :
report & inventory sheets, EJE Landscape Newcastle, N.S.W
7. Goddard, Jacqui 2006, Ocean pools: a colourful contribution to our swimming culture. Reflections (National Trust of Australia (New South Wales)), no. Aug-Oct
2006, pp. 7-9.
8. McDermott, M.L., 2012. Wet, wild and convivial: past, present and future contributions of Australias ocean pools to surf, beach, pool and body cultures and recreational coasts.
9. Ellison, Elizabeth (2010) Flagging Spaces : exploring the myth of the Australian beach as an egalitarian space. In: Ignite10! Creative Industries Postgraduate
Research Conference, October 27th - 29th, 2010, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia. (Unpublished)

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