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Reza Osgoui
GEODATA Engineering SPA
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Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
M.Pescara
GEODATA ENGINEERING SpA, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi, 48/E. Turin. Italy,
ABSTRACT: This paper is intended to present an integrated design approach to provide a flexible
design of pre-cast segmental lining in terms of the quantity of steel reinforcements for an EPB (Earth
Pressure Balanced Shield) driven tunnel in urban area. The integrated design approach is based on
Analytical Solution, Bedded-Spring Method, and Numerical Analysis. In this way, the solicitations
obtained by different methods have been compared in such a way as to consider the variability in
membrane forces, for which the structural verifications should be satisfied. In addition, the reliability
of the integrated method is rationally high due to structural examination by different methods. The
case to be analyzed by proposed integrated design approach was metro project of Ahwaz, a big city
in the Southwest of Iran. The membrane forces in the segmental lining have been analyzed by
proposed method and a quite good tendency in results was observed.
The application of an integrated design
method for the design of the segmental lining,
particularly the estimation of the reinforcement
quantity to meet with both structural
verifications and economical considerations is
focused in this paper.
Generally speaking, the design and
dimension of segmental lining must satisfy the
structural verifications for three phases, starting
from prefabrications phase (demoulding,
storing, transporting, assembling), following
advancement phase (TBM thrusting force),
ending in service stage (imposing ground and
water loads, taking into account the seismic
effects and probably future constructive loads).
1 PROJECT DEFINITION
Currently Iran is planning and executing large
infrastructural projects to meet the country
development program, above all the increase in
accessibility of big cities have recently been
emphasized. The population of Ahwaz city, the
capital of Khuzistan Province, which according
to a census conducted in 2006 stood at 1.38
million, is forecasted to reach 1.6 million in
2021. The city will, therefore, urgently need
modern transportation systems, particularly
urban railway networks, in order to retain its
position as a leading agricultural, industrial and
educational centre. Fulfilment of this project
reduces urban traffic congestion and air
pollution thereby provides comfort and welfare
for all citizens. Saving in expenses of journeys
within the city and offering the most effective
and safest transportation system are the other
advantages of this project. The metro alignment
stretches from North-East to South-West
through the city centre, crossing the Karun
River in the zone of Naderi, which is in vicinity
of the Ahwaz fault. The total length of line is
about 23km and it has 24 stations as represented
in Fig.1. The double tunnels, 6.5m in diameter,
of Ahwaz Metro are excavated using shielded
TBM with the control of the pressure at the face
(Earth Pressure Balance Shield, EPB type).
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
2 GEOLOGICAL-GEOTECHNICAL
SETTING
1.5
mudstone from
General Geot.
Rep. (intact rock)
c' = 1,1 MPa
' = 22
1.4
1.3
sandstone f rom
General Geot.
Rep. (intact rock)
c' = 0,9 MPa
' = 25
1.2
1.1
1
0.9
Tectonically disturbed
Aghajari formation (f ault
zone)
mb =0,63
s =1E-04
Em = 58 MPa
(GSI=15, Co=2,5MPa,
Et=1,6 GPa, mi=13)
0.8
0.7
0.6
Aghajari formation
mb =1,28
s =7E-04
Em = 180 MPa
(GSI=35, Co=2,5MPa,
Et=1,6 GPa, mi=13)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
+
B1 = R0 cot 4 2
2
(1)
v =
B1 ( c / B1 )
1 e K 0 tan H / B1 + p 0 e K 0 tan H / B1
K 0 tan
(2)
h0 =
p
B1 (1 ( c / B1 ) )
1 e K 0 tan H / B1 + 0 e K 0 tan H / B1
K 0 tan
(3)
v= Terzaghis earth pressure, h0=effective overburden thickness, K0= the ratio of horizontal earth pressure to vertical earth pressure,
=internal friction angle, p0= surcharge load, = unit weight of soil, c=cohesion of soil.
Figure 5. Terzaghi load concept and calculation of ground load for soil ground.
= (K 0 + K a ) ,
(4)
K a = tan 2 ( ) ,
4 2
Load
Rock
Soil
Unit
Pw1
130
280
kPa
Pw2
195
345
kPa
Pv1
50.7
112
kPa
Pv2
128.7
173.7
kPa
Phl
51.13
81.5
kPa
(5)
Figure 6 Radial active ground and water loads (ground
and water pressure) acting on tunnel used in BeddedSpring Model.
3
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
143.9 kPa
pw1
280 kPa
qe1
83.1 kPa
qw1
280 kPa
qe2
118.7 kPa
qw2
345.0 kPa
qr
10.7 kPa
pr
423.9kPa
pg1
23.6 kPa
100 RMR
D
100
(6)
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
Table 1.The formulations of the analytical solutions used in this study (JSCE,2006).
Kn =
E
Rt (1 + )
(7)
Kt
1
Kn
3
(8)
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
M2
M
(9)
=
Figure 8. Bedded-Spring Model for soil condition.
EI e
EI n
(10)
4
Ie = I s + In ( )2
n
(11)
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
= f ( )
(12)
(1 )
(13)
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
1700.0
FEM (Plaxis)
1600.0
1500.0
1400.0
1300.0
1200.0
1100.0
1000.0
0
45
90
135
180
150.0
100.0
FEM (Plaxis)
50.0
0.0
0
45
90
135
180
-50.0
-100.0
-150.0
Angle from crown of the tunnel []
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
Parameters
M [kNm/m]
400
300
200
100
0
-2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
-100
N [kN/m]
-200
-300
-400
-500
(a)
Type A: rock
part (Aghajari
rock formation)
Type B: soil
(Quaternary and
recent sediment)
4015
4015
1.606
1.606
420
420
210
210
124
154
77.7
96.0
M [kNm/m]
400
6 CONCLUSIONS
300
200
100
0
-2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
-100
N [kN/m]
-200
-300
-400
-500
(b)
ULS Verification: M-N Strength envelope of segmental lining in soil condition
(t = 30cm, 2*1010)
500
M [kNm/m]
400
300
200
100
0
-2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
-100
N [kN/m]
-200
-300
-400
-500
(c)
ULS Verification: M-N Strength envelope of segmental lining in soil condition
(t = 30cm, 2*10f10)
500
400
M [kNm/m]
300
200
100
0
-2000
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
-100
N [kN/m]
-200
-300
-400
7 REFERENCES
-500
(d)
Proceedings of the World Tunnel Congress 2014 Tunnels for a better Life. Foz do Iguau, Brazil.
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