Department of petrochemical

College of Technical Engineering

Duhok polytechnic University
Physical chemistry lab
Name of students

: 1-muhammad

akram

kamyar fars
3-rasty xalid 4-ranko nawzad

Group:A
Name

of

Experiment

:the

effect

temperature on the speed of the reaction

No, of Experiment: (1)

Date :24-10-2016

INTRODUCTION

of

2-

The study of chemical reactions is not complete without a

consideration of the rates at which these reactions proceed. We
know that some reactions such as those between ions in solution
frequently proceed very rapidly, while others proceed so slowly
that the rate is not even detectable. The practical importance of
these rate considerations is difficult to exaggerate. For example, a
metal which is exposed to weather will undergo reactions with
oxygen and water which result in corrosion. Among the most
important factors influencing the rate of a reaction are:
temperature, concentration and catalysis. In addition, for solids
the condition of the surface is of great importance. There are two
main theories involved in explaining reaction rates. These are the
Activated Complex (Transition State) Theory and the Collision
Theory. However, in the lecture part of the course, you will also
look at the Activated Complex (Transition State) Theory.
COLLISION THEORY Consider the simple reaction: A + B Products
A and B are atoms, ions, or molecules, in order for A and B to
react with each other, they must collide together. Since
molecules are in rapid and continual motion, molecules of A and
Be will collide with one another at frequent intervals. However,
not every collision of A and B will result in the formation of
products. Before a reaction can occur, the reactants collide with a
certain amount of energy, this energy is called activation
energy or energy of activation. This energy comes from the
kinetic energy that A and B possess, so that only those collision
which occur with sufficient force will be effective in causing
reaction. If the concentration of either A or B is doubled, the
number of collisions between A and B per time is doubled. If the
temperature is raised, the kinetic energies of both A and B are
increased so that there are more collisions per second, and a
greater fraction of these will lead to chemical reaction. The rate,
therefore, generally increases with increasing temperature. The
activation energy can be determined by using the Arrhenius
Equation:

k = Ae-Ea/RT
The Arrhenius equation can be re-written as: ln k
= - Ea/RT + ln A
Where: k = rate constant A = frequency factor Ea = activation
energy R = gas constant as: 8.3145 J/mol K T = absolute
temperature, K When ln k is plotted against 1/T the slope = -Ea/R
and the slope intercept is ln A

Procedure:
Prepare the following solutions:
Prepare [25] ml from 2% hydrogen peroxide
Prepare [100] ml from [0.1] N Sodium persulfate Na2S2O8
Take [1 g] of Potassium iodide KI and dissolve in [250] ml of Distilled
water
Add [5]ml of H2SO4 on [20]ml of Distilled water
Taken [125]ml of potassium iodide solution and placed in Baker
capacity [500]
ml and added [20] drops of starch and added [12.5] ml of H2SO4 and
then [10]ml
of Sodium persulfate solution and finally added [12.5] ml of hydrogen
peroxide
note that these additions are serially and with constant shaking.
When discoloration of the solution in blue Add [10] ml of Sodium
persulfate and
record the time when the disappearance of color to his appearance again,
where
the blue color disappears when added Sodium persulfate solution
Repeat the process to add another [10] ml of Sodium persulfate
solution when

you see the color and then rate these readings taken it represents a [t]
time at
room temperature
Repeat this experiment at 5 C

Discussion:
1:what role of

na2 s 2 o 8

A:its reducing agent( to reduce between 2 form)

2:why add

H2

O4

in reaction?

A: to compare Na to HI
3:discuss the Result:
In this experiment I observed how different temperatures of water ( warm and hot)
affected the rate at which an Alka Seltzer tablet dissolves. I used the different
temperatures of water to prove how temperature has a huge effect on the rate of
reaction, and how increasing the rate of reaction will increase the speed at which the Alka
Seltzer tablet will dissolve. In other words, by placing the tablet in hot water the reactant
particles will have more energy and will collide with one another, which will increase the
rate of reaction and speed up the time it takes the Alka Seltzer tablet to dissolve. By
placing the tablet in cold water, the reactant particles will move slowly, colliding less often
and with less energy. Thus, the rate of reaction will decrease, and it will take a longer time
for the Alka Seltzer tablet to dissolve. During this experiment, all the variables were
considered, identified and controlled. The independent variable was the temperature, the
dependent variable was the Alka Seltzer, and the controlled variables were the amount of
water,
degree
of
temperature,
and
the
amount
of
tablets.
The data table for this experiment contains the results that prove how the different
temperature levels affect the rate of reaction