Is There A Difference Unit Portfolio

Part 1: Unit Summary

Learning Statement
Tell the story of how you made sense of the different concepts throughout this unit. Be sure to hit all
of the following talking points, and include all activities/worksheets that are applicable. Y
ou must use
artifacts (worksheet, turn-in assignments, notes, class discussions) from this unit as evidence.

1. Discuss the concept of sample, population, hypothesis, null hypothesis and sample fluctuation
(Assignments: Try This Case, Who Gets Measles, Who Gets As, Quality of the Investigation,
Two Different Differences, Changing The Difference, Questions Without Answers, The
Dunking

Principle).
2. Discuss how to use standard deviation and normal distribution to determine whether a
difference is significant. (Assignments: Mean and Standard Deviation Problem Set, Bacterial
Culture, Decisions With Deviation)
3. Discuss how to calculate 2 and how it can be used to measure weirdness. ( Assignments:
How Does 2 Work?, Measuring Weirdness With 2 , A Probability Table, Late In the Day)
4. Discuss how to use proportional reasoning to determine expected values in a two population
case. (Assignments: What Would You expect?, Whos Absent?, Big and Strong, and
Delivering Results).
5. Discuss how to apply 2 to a two population and theoretical model problem. ( Assignments:
Paper or Plastic, Is it Really Worth It, Two Different Differences-Revisited)

Part 1: Unit Summary

Beautiful examples (Your assignment work here!
Evidence)

Amazing Narratives ( Answers to each of the

Discussion Questions)
1. Discuss the concept of sample,
population, hypothesis, null hypothesis
and sample fluctuation:
Sample is units e g In Two different Differences
The coin was flipped a total of 100 times so that
is a sample of 100 data points and there are
different results associated with 100 coin flips.
Population is a group of things so each
different possible outcome of results of a sample
is a population. An example of population can
be pulled from the Two Different Differences
problem out of the 100 coin flips there are two
populations of heads or tails. Hypothesis is a
statement speculating that a population is
different that is yet to be proved true or false by
the data. Null hypothesis is a hypothesis with a
claim that does not suggest difference. An
example of this is the Questions without
answers where you create a hypothesis and null
hypothesis from the same statement

2.Discuss how to use standard deviation and

normal distribution to determine whether a
difference is significant.

Standard deviation is a way to show the amount

of deviation a point is on a graph so the closer it
is to the middle or average the lower amount of
standard deviation it is. Standard deviation can
also be used to define a certain group of data
points. An example of this is in the Decisions
with Deviation problem where I learned how to
use standard deviation to see what percentage
of children on average would be able to ride a
roller coaster.

3. Discuss how to calculate 2 and how it can be

used to measure weirdness.
To calculate a chi squared value you take the
observed value subtract it from the expected
value then you square it and then divide the
squared value by the expected value. Chi
squared is basically a way to put numbers on
how observed values are different from the
expected values.the number that comes out of
the chi squared value can be converted into a
probability that can be used to prove or disprove
a null hypothesis. For example in Late in the
Day we used the calculated Chi Squared value
to determine whether accidents happen later in
workers shifts. This was then used to determine
whether they should shift the schedule of the
employee work hours.

4. Discuss how to use proportional reasoning to

determine expected values in a two population
case.
In a 2 population case you can use proportional
reasoning to estimate or fill in the blank in a
table with a small amount of data. An example
of this is the what would You Expect problem
where you assume the values that are in the
table based off of the totals and given values.

5. Discuss how to apply 2 to a two population

and theoretical model problem.
To use Chi Squared with a 2 population problem
you need to combine the two chi squared values
from each population calculation. For example in
Two different Differences revisited by using the
chi squared method of observed minus
expected squared divided by expected you get
the chi squared value and once you get it for the
two populations then you add the values to get
the chi squared value for the two populations.

The

End

Part 2: Putting it all together

How do you determine whether there is difference, statistically, between two samples from two
populations? Put another way how do you know that the difference isnt just sample fluctuation?
- Anonymous Visitor

How would you respond?

A way to tell the difference is taking the observed and expected and
plugging it into the chi squared equation and that will give you a
value that you will turn into a probability of proving or disproving a
hypothesis. You can use the chi squared value to translate to a
probability and that can help choose whether not it is sample
fluctuation.