COURSE FILE

051 CE 36 FLUID MECHANICS

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
1. Course Outline
1.1. Teacher Information
Name

S. Bensinghdhas

Designation

Asst.Lectrurer

Institution

St.Joseph University In Tanzania,

St.Joseph College of Engineering & Technology
Department: Civil Engineering
Ph: +255-783167704

Contact Information:

E-Mail ID: bensinghdhas@gmail.com

1.2. Module Information
Module Code
Module Title

051 CE 36
FLUID MECHANICS

No. of hours / week (TOT=L+T+P)

5
Monday- I, II period

Class Meeting Time:

Wednesday-I period
Thursday-II, III period

Total Number of Contact Hours

Subject Area:
Class size

90
Civil Engineering
135

1.3. Course Content (Syllabus)

UNIT I DEFINITIONS AND FLUID PROPERTIES

Definitions Fluid and fluid mechanics Dimensions and units Fluid properties Continuum
Concept of system and control volume

UNIT II FLUID STATICS & KINEMATICS

Pascals Law and Hydrostatic equation Forces on plane and curved surfaces Buoyancy
Meta centre Pressure measurement Fluid mass under relative equilibrium
Fluid Kinematics Stream, streak and path lines Classification of flows Continuity equation (one,
two and three dimensional forms) Stream and potential functions flow nets Velocity measurement
(Pilot tube, current meter, Hot wire and hot film anemometer, float technique, Laser Doppler
velocimetry)
UNIT III FLUID DYNAMICS
Euler and Bernoullis equations Application of Bernoullis equation Discharge measurement
Laminar flows through pipes and between plates Hagen Poiseuille equation Turbulent flow
Darcy-Weisbach formula Moody diagram Momentum Principle impact of jets on plane and curved
plates

UNIT IV BOUNDARY LAYER AND FLOW THROUGH PIPES

Definition of boundary layer Thickness and classification Displacement and momentum thickness
Development of Laminar and Turbulent flows in circular pipes major and minor losses of flow in
pipes pipes in series and parallel pipe network.

UNIT V SIMILITUDE AND MODEL STUDY

Dimensional analysis Rayleighs method Buckingham P Theorem Similitude and models
Scale effect and distorted models.

1.4. Prerequisites Required (module code, name and specific area of study)
Basic Civil Engineering

1.5. Text Books:

1. Fox Robert W and McDonald Alan T, 1998. Introduction to fluid mechanics, John wiley & Sons

2. Kumar K.L., 2000, engineering fluid mechanics, Eurasia Publishing House (p) ltd. New Delhi

3. Shames, Irving,2003, Mechanics of fluids, McGraw-Hill, New Delhi.

1.6. Reference Books: (min. 5 books, e-books with related web site link)
1. Streeter, V. L. and Wylie E. B., "Fluid Mechanics", McGraw Hill Publishing Co. 2010
2. Natarajan M K 2001, Principles of fluid mechanics Anuradha Agencies.

3. R S Khurmi 2002, Fluid Mechanics, S Chand & Company ltd New Delhi.
4. Graebel. W.P, "Engineering Fluid Mechanics", Taylor & Francis, Indian Reprint, 2011

2. COURSE TOPICS & DELIVERY PLAN

Unit

Course Topics

Subtitles

Week

No. of

No.

hours

Definitions

Specific gravity, Specific weight , viscosity

fluid and fluid mechanics

Fluid properties, mass density, specific volume

Compressibility, capillarity, surface tension

II

II,III

III

III,IV

VI

VI

VII

VIII

VIII

I
I
I
II
II
II
III
III

dimensions and units

Fluid pressure, fluid static concept, simple

fluid properties
concept

of

manometer

system

and

control volume
Pascals law and hydrostatic
equation
forces of plane and curved
surfaces

Basic equation on fluid static

Flow visualization, lies of flow, stream line
Path line, steady and unsteady flow

Buoyancy-pressure

Continuity equation, stream function, Euler

measurement
Stream streak and path lines

equation
Navier stoke equation, pipes in parallel and

classification of flows

network.
Laminar and turbulent flow
CAT-I

Continuity equation- stream

III
III
IV
IV

and potential functions flow Major and minor loss

nets
velocity measurement
Boundary layer thickness and separation
Euler
and
Bernoullis
Power transmission through pipes
equation
application of Bernoullis
equation-

discharge Drag and lift coefficient

measurement
3

IV

Laminar flow through pipe

and between plates- Hagen

IV

Head and specific work, degree of freedom

IX

Reaction turbine, Pelton wheel

IX

Work done and efficiencies

Boundary layer over pipes

Boundary layer over plates

XI

Boundary layer over curved surface

XI

Boundary layer over planes

XII

Moody diagram

XII

poiseuille equation
turbulent flow- Darcy
Weisbach formula Moody
diagram
Moment principles- impact

IV

of jets on plane and curved

plates.
Definition

layer-

of

boundary

Thickness

and

classificationDisplacement

and

momentum
V

thickness-

Development
and

of

turbulent

laminar
flow

in

circular pipesmajor and minor losses of

V

flow in pipes- pipes in

series and parallelpipe network- Dimensional

analysismethodBuckingham

Similitude

Rayleighs
p

theorem-

and

models-

Scale effect and distorted

models.

Cat-II
3.

ASSESSMENT PLAN

3.1. ASSESSMENT TOOLS AND MARK DISTRIBUTION

ASSESSMENT TOOLS

PERCENTAGE OF MARKS

1. Home Assignments

20

2. Continuous Assessment Test I

3. Continuous Assessment Test II

20

4. End Exam (as scheduled by the

Controller of Examinations)

60

Maximum of 25 assignment topics should be given in every unit,

and minimum of two assignments will be collected per unit, each
assignment is valued for 10 marks.
The assignments contribute 20 marks in the assessment of the
Course Module (internal).

3.2. Home work / Class Assignment

Policy
3.3. Class Quiz Policy:
3.4. Continuous Assessment Test (CAT)
Policy:
3.5. Model Exam Policy:

The module teacher shall conduct class quizzes (using objective

type questions) in writing during class hours and the marks can be
considered as part of the assignment marks.
The course content/syllabus of every course module is divided into
two equal segments so as to conduct three continuous assessment
tests in two equal intervals.
Each test is conducted for 50 marks and converted to 20 marks
No model exam
After successful completion of internal assessment of a course
module, there is an end semester examination for 100 marks equally
balanced in all units of the Course Module, which contributes 60
marks in the assessment of the Course module (external).

3.6. End Exam Policy:

4. COURSE EVALUATION
Work

Ref./No.

Date

Marks

19-01-2017

10

Percentage

36-A1 to A20
Home Assignments

36-A21 to A40
36-A41 to A60
36-A61 to A80
36-A81 to A100

36-CAT-1

20

16-02-2017

10

21-11-2016

50

Continuous
Assessment Test I
&II

20

36-CAT-2
End Exam

36-END

09-01-2017

50

07-03-2015

100

60

5. ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOMES
5.1. Principal and Enabling Outcomes
Principal Outcome
At the end of the Module/Subject, students should be
able to

Enabling Outcomes
At the end of the Module/Subject, students should be
able to
1. Understand the operation of basic electronic

Understand and analyze the working principles of the

electronic components, devices, amplifiers, oscillators

components.

and their uses in circuits.

2. Analyze the different configurations of a bipolar
junction transitor.
3. Understand the principle of oscillators
4. Understand the working principle of SCR, DIAC,
TRIAC, MOSET and IGBT
5.Understand the concepts of Opto elctronic devices
and wave shaping circuits
5.2. Sub-Enabling Outcomes and Related Tasks
Sub-Enabling Outcome
At the end of the Module/Subject, students should

Related Tasks
At the end of the Course Topics, students should be

be able to

able to

1.1 Explain the basic components in a fluid system

1.2Understand the characteristics of fluid flow

1.3 Understand the construction of hydraulic

equipments

2.1 Understand the fluid statics

2.2 Illustrate the operation of gauge pressure

calculation and its relation to viscosity

1.1.1 List the types of flow

1.1.2
1.1.3
1.1.4
1.1.5
1.1.6
1.1.7
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
1.2.4
1.2.5
1.2.6

Explain the different types flow

Explain a hydraulic drawing
Define pressure
What factors affect flow?
Define fluid properties
Briefly explain the function fluid system
What is a fluid statics?
Explain the Pascals law
Explain the hydrostatic equation
Explain the forces of plane
List the applications of curved surface.
Explain how a buoyancy force.

1.3.1Define stream streak.

1.3.2Explain the construction of path lines.
1.3.3Illustrate the classification of flows.
1.3.4Illustrate the continuity equation.
1.3.5Define stream.
1.3.6List the applications of potential functions
1.3.7Define velocity measurement
1.3.8List the types of flow velocity
1.3.9Explain the types of fluid circuits
2.1.1 Why are some fluids classified as Newtonian
fluid?
2.1.2 What is specific gravity?
2.1.3 How is it related to density?
2.1.4 Define the term pressure
2.1.5 State Pascals law?
2.2.1

What is meant by stagnation pressure?

2.2.2

What is the difference between gauge

pressure and absolute pressure?
Define compressibility and viscosity of a
fluid?

2.2.3

2.2.4
2.2.5
2.2.6
2.3

Explain the coupled amplifier and

its

applications

3.1 Explain the Beraullis equation and laminar

flow.

State the Newtons law of viscosity?

What is viscosity?
What is the cause of viscosity in liquids and
in gases?
2.3.1 What is the effect of temperature on
viscosity of water and that of air?
2.3.2 Define capillarity?
2.3.3 Explain the effect of property of capillarity
2.3.4 Express 3m of water head in cm of mercury
and pressure in Kpa?
2.3.5 Mention any three applications of Bernoullis
equation?

3.1.1Define Euler Equation

3.1.2Explain Bernaulli equation with a neat

diagram.
3.1.3Explain the application of Bernaulli equation
with a neat diagram.
3.1.4Explain discharge measurement with a neat
diagram.
3.1.5Explain laminar flow in pipes with a neat
diagram.
3.1.6Explain laminar flow in plates with a neat
diagram.
3.2.1 Explain briefly the working principle of
3.2 Explain the laminar flow in detail.
Hagen Poiseuille equation.
3.2.2 State the difference between laminar and
turbulent flow
3.2.3 With the neat Moody diagram explain the
characteristics of fluid dynamics.
3.2.4 Explain moment principle in detail.
3.2.5 Explain the impact of jets on plane and
curved surfaces .
3.3.1What is the major cause of turbulence?
3.3 Explain the principle of turbulance
3.3.2What is the need for studying Hagen Poiseuille
equation?
3.3.3With the neat diagram explain the
characteristics of turbulence.
3.3.4How turbulence can affect flow.
3.3.5 Explain Darcy Weisbach formula in detail.
4.1.1What is a boundary layer?
4.1 Understand the boundary layer concept.
4.1.2Explain the two principles of boundary layer.
4.1.3With the neat diagram explain the boundary
layer and its classification.
4.1.4 How can a SCR be used as a switch.
4.1.5Explain what displacement is.
4.2.1With the neat diagram explain momentum
4.2 Understand the flow through pipes.
thickness.
4.2.2Explain the development of boundary layer in
pipes.
4.2.3Explain the laminar flow in circular pipes
4.2.4Explain the turbulent flow in circular pipes.
4.2.5Explain major losses I pipes
4.3 Understand the working principle of pipe 4.3.1 Explain the minor losses in pipes.
7

network.

5.1 Understand the dimensional analysis concept

5.2 Understand the dimensionless parameters

5.3 Understand the principle of modal aalysis

4.3.2How flow through pipes in series and parallel

happen.
4.3.3 Briefly explain the velocity diagram in
boundary layer formation.
4.3.4Explain the basic principle of pipe network.
4.3.5Explain the necessity of study of pipe networks
5.1.1 Define dimension
5.1.2 List out the dimensions
5.1.3 Define dimensional analysis
5.1.4 What is a unit
5.1.5 Explain
the
procedure
in
dimensional analysis
5.2.1 Explain the dimensionless parameters
5.2.2 What is a non-dimensional term.
5.2.3 Explain the methods of dimensional analysis
5.2.4 State the SI units of some parameters
5.2.5 State the applications of dimensional
analysis
5.3.1Explain the function of modal analysis
5.3.2List the applications of modal analysis
5.3.3Explain with a neat block diagram the
procedure of modal analysis
5.3.4Explain the application of modal analysis
5.3.5 Explain similitude in detail.

6. The Matrix Between Related Tasks and Enabling/ Module Outcomes:

Related Tasks

Corresponding
Course Unit / Topics

List the types of flow

Explain the different types flow
Explain a hydraulic drawing
Define pressure
What factors affect flow?
Define fluid properties
Briefly explain the function fluid system
What is a fluid statics?
Explain the pascals law
Explain the hydrostatic equation
Explain the forces of plane
List the applications of curved surface.
Explain how a buoyancy force.
Define stream streak.
xplain the construction of path lines.
Illustrate the classification of flows.
Illustrate the continuity equation.
Define stream.
List the applications of potential functions
Define velocity measurement
List the types of flow velocity
Explain the types of fluid circuits

Unit 1

Level of Learning
I

II

III

IV

VI

Why are some fluids classified as Newtonian

fluid?
What is specific gravity?
How is it related to density?
Define the term pressure
State Pascals law?
What is meant by stagnation pressure?
What is the difference between gauge pressure
and absolute pressure?
Define compressibility and viscosity of a fluid?
State the Newtons law of viscosity?
What is viscosity?
What is the cause of viscosity in liquids and in
gases?
What is the effect of temperature on viscosity
of water and that of air?
Define capillarity?
Explain the effect of property of capillarity
Express 3m of water head in cm of mercury and
pressure in Kpa?
Define Euler Equation
Explain Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.
Explain the application of Bernaulli equation
with a neat diagram.
Explain discharge measurement with a neat
diagram.
Explain lamiar flow in pipes with a neat
diagram.
Explain lamiar flow in plates with a neat
diagram.
Explain briefly the working principle of Hagen
Poiseuille equation.
State the difference between laminar and
turbulent flow
With the neat Moody diagram explain the
characteristics of fluid dynamics.
Explain momet principle in detail.
Explain the impact of jets on plane and curved
surfaces .
What is the major cause of tubulance?
What is the need for studying Hagen Poiseuille
equation.
With the neat diagram explain the
characteristics of a turbulence.
How turbulence can affect flow.
Explain Darcy Weisbach formula in detail.

Unit 2

Unit 3

Unit 4
What is a boundary layer?
Explain the two principles of boundary layer.
With the neat diagram explain the boundary
layer and its classification.
How can a SCR be used as a switch.
9

Explain what is displacement.

With the neat diagram explain momentum
thickness.
Explain the development of boundary layer in
pipes.
Explain the laminar flow in circular pipes
Explain the turbulent flow in circular pipes.
Explain major losses I pipes
Explain the minor losses in pipes.
How flow through pipes in series and parallel
happen.
Briefly explain the velocity diagram in
boundary layer formation.
Explain the basic principle of pipe network.
Define dimesion
List out the dimensions
Define dimensional analysis
What is a unit
Explain the procedure in dimensional analysis
Explain the dimensionless parameters
What is a non dimensional term.
Explain the methods of dimentional analysis
State the SI units of some parameters
State the applications of dimensional analysis
Explain the function of modal analysis
List the applications of modal analysis
Explain with a neat block diagram the
procedure of modal analysis
Explain the application of modal analysis
Explain similitude in detail.

Unit 5

7. CATEGORIZATION OF QUESTIONS:
Level of Learning

Objective

% of Questions

Level I:

Knowledge

Level II:

Comprehension

Level III:

Application

Level IV:

Analysis

Level V:

Synthesis

NIL

Level VI:

Evaluation

NIL

8. ASSIGNMENTS
S/N

Assignment Topics

10

Reference No.

1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25

Explain with a neat block diagram the procedure of modal analysis

Explain the application of modal analysis

36-A1
36-A2

Explain similitude in detail.

36-A3

List the types of flow

36-A4

Explain the different types flow

36-A5

Explain a hydraulic drawing

36-A6

Define pressure

36-A7

What factors affect flow?

36-A8

Define fluid properties

36-A9

Briefly explain the function fluid system

36-A10

What is a fluid statics?

36-A11

Explain the Pascals law

36-A12

Explain the hydrostatic equation

36-A13

Explain the forces of plane

36-A14

List the applications of curved surface.

36-A15

Explain how a buoyancy force.

36-A16

Define stream streak.

36-A17

Explain the construction of path lines.

36-A18

Illustrate the classification of flows.

36-A19

Illustrate the continuity equation.

36-A20

Define stream.

36-A21

List the applications of potential functions

36-A22

Define velocity measurement

36-A23

List the types of flow velocity

36-A24

Explain the types of fluid circuits

36-A25

11

26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50

Why are some fluids classified as Newtonian fluid?

What is specific gravity?

36-A26
36-A27

How is it related to density?

36-A28

Define the term pressure

36-A29

State Pascals law?

36-A30

What is meant by stagnation pressure?

36-A31

What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?

Define compressibility and viscosity of a fluid?
State the Newtons law of viscosity?

36-A32
36-A33
36-A34

What is viscosity?

36-A35

What is the cause of viscosity in liquids and in gases?

What is the effect of temperature on viscosity of water and that of air?
Define capillarity?

36-A36
36-A37
36-A38

Explain the effect of property of capillarity

36-A39

Express 3m of water head in cm of mercury and pressure in Kpa?

Define Euler Equation

36-A40
36-A41

Explain Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.

Explain the application of Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.
Explain discharge measurement with a neat diagram.
Explain laminar flow in pipes with a neat diagram.
Explain laminar flow in plates with a neat diagram.
Explain briefly the working principle of Hagen Poiseuille equation.
State the difference between laminar and turbulent flow
With the neat Moody diagram explain the characteristics of fluid dynamics.
Explain moment principle in detail.

36-A42
36-A43
36-A44
36-A45
36-A46
36-A47
36-A48
36-A49
36-A50

12

51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

Explain the impact of jets on plane and curved surfaces .

What is the major cause of turbulence?

36-A51
36-A52

What is the need for studying Hagen Poiseuille equation.

With the neat diagram explain the characteristics of turbulence.
How turbulence can affect flow.

36-A53
36-A54
36-A55

Explain Darcy Weisbach formula in detail.

36-A56

What is a boundary layer?

36-A57

Explain the two principles of boundary layer.

With the neat diagram explain the boundary layer and its classification.
How can a SCR be used as a switch.

36-A58
36-A59
36-A60

Explain what is displacement.

36-A61

With the neat diagram explain momentum thickness.

Explain the development of boundary layer in pipes.
Explain the laminar flow in circular pipes

36-A62
36-A63
36-A64

Explain the turbulent flow in circular pipes.

36-A65

Explain major losses I pipes

36-A66

Explain the minor losses in pipes.

36-A67

How flow through pipes in series and parallel happen.

Briefly explain the velocity diagram in boundary layer formation.
Explain the basic principle of pipe network.

36-A68
36-A69
36-A70

Define dimension

36-A71

List out the dimensions

36-A72

Define dimensional analysis

36-A73

What is a unit

36-A74

Explain the procedure in dimensional analysis

13

36-A75

76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100

Explain the dimensionless parameters

36-A76

What is a non-dimensional term.

36-A77

Explain the methods of dimensional analysis

State the SI units of some parameters

36-A78
36-A79

State the applications of dimensional analysis

Explain the function of modal analysis

36-A80
36-A81

List the applications of modal analysis

36-A82

Explain with a neat block diagram the procedure of modal analysis

Explain the application of modal analysis

36-A83
36-A84

Explain similitude in detail.

36-A85

Express 3m of water head in cm of mercury and pressure in Kpa?

Define Euler Equation

36-A86
36-A87

Explain Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.

Explain the application of Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.
Explain discharge measurement with a neat diagram.
Explain laminar flow in pipes with a neat diagram.
Explain laminar flow in plates with a neat diagram.
Explain briefly the working principle of Hagen Poiseuille equation.
State the difference between laminar and turbulent flow
With the neat Moody diagram explain the characteristics of fluid dynamics.
Explain moment principle in detail.

36-A88
36-A89
36-A90
36-A91
36-A92
36-A93
36-A94
36-A95
36-A96

Explain the impact of jets on plane and curved surfaces.

What is the major cause of turbulence?

36-A97
36-A98

What is the need for studying Hagen Poiseuille equation?

With the neat diagram explain the characteristics of turbulence.

14

36-A99
36-A100

9. ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENTS
(Should have minimum 15 nos. of 2 Mark questions, 6 nos. of 4 Mark questions, 5 nos. of 6 mark Questions, 4 nos. of
12Mark question and all questions should have the marking scheme.)
S/N

ASSESSMENT QUESTIONS

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.

List the types of flow

Define pressure
What is a fluid statics?
Define stream streak.
Define stream.
List the types of flow velocity
State Pascals law?
What is meant by stagnation pressure?
What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
Define capillarity?
Define Euler Equation
State the difference between laminar and turbulent flow
How turbulence can affect flow.
Explain what is displacement.
With the neat diagram explain momentum thickness.
Briefly explain the function fluid system
xplain the construction of path lines.
Explain the effect of property of capillarity
Express 3m of water head in cm of mercury and pressure in Kpa?
Briefly explain the velocity diagram in boundary layer formation.
Explain the methods of dimentional analysis
Explain the hydrostatic equation
Explain how a buoyancy force act.
Why are some fluids classified as Newtonian fluid?
Explain Bernaulli equation with a neat diagram.
Explain lamiar flow in pipes with a neat diagram
Explain the two principles of boundary layer.
With the neat Moody diagram explain the characteristics of fluid dynamics.
Explain Darcy Weisbach formula in detail.
With the neat diagram explain the boundary layer and its classification.
What is the difference between gauge pressure and absolute pressure?
Explain.

31.

Marking
Scheme
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
2 Mark
4 Mark
4 Mark
4 Mark
4 Mark
4 Mark
4 Mark
6 Mark
6 Mark
6 Mark
6 Mark
6 Mark
6 Mark
12 Mark
12 Mark
12 Mark
12 Mark

10. ANSWERS KEY

S/N
1

Key Titles

Ref./No.
36- A1 to A20 (U1)
36-A21 to A40(U2)
36-A41 to A60(U3)
36-A61 to A80(U4)
36-A81 to A100(U5)
36-CAT I
36-CAT II

Class Assignments

Continuous Assessment Tests

End Semester Exam

36-End

15

11. SAMPLE STUDENTS CLASS WORK

S/N
1
2
3
4
5

CLASS WORK

Sample Students Answer to Quizzes and Assignments

Best and Worst Students Answer to Class Quizzes
Best and Worst Students Answer to Class Assignments
Sample Students Laboratory Work
Best and Worst Students Laboratory Answer to Laboratory Quizzes
Best and Worst Students Laboratory Answer to Laboratory

Exercises/Reports
Sample Students Answer to CAT
Best and Worst Students Answer to CAT I
Best and Worst Students Answer to CAT II
Best and Worst Students Answer to CAT III
Sample Students Model Exam
Best and Worst Students Answer to Model Exam
Sample Students End Semester Exam
Best and Worst Students Answer to End Semester Exam
Sample Students Project Reports
Best and Worst Students Project Reports
Best and Worst Students Project Presentations

7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17

12. COURSE MATERIAL AND HANDOUTS

Course Material and Handouts shall be attached. b
13. DURATION OF THE MODULE COMPLETION:
Hours Allotted :

No. of Hours taken for Tutorial:

No. of Contact Hours: No. of hours taken for Demonstration:

Name of the Teacher: S BENSINGHDHAS
Signature:
Date:
VERIFIED AND APPROVED BY HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT
Name:
Signature:
Date:

16

REFERENCE
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