(i)

Following are the members of plagioclase family:

(a) Albite, Oligoclase, Andesine
(b) Andesine, Labradorite, Bytownite
(c) Oligoclase, Andesine, Labradorite
(d) Labradorite, Bytownite, Anorthite (e) All of these
(ii) Chaman Transform Zone is characterized:
(a) Mainly by strike-slip faulting with minor subduction
(b) Mainly by dip-slip faulting with minor subduction
(c) Mainly by subduction with minor strike-slip faulting
(d) Mainly by obduction with minor strike-slip faulting
(e) None of these
(iii) A blocky and fragmented form of lava occurring in flows with fissured and
angular surfaces is known as:
(a) Ad lava
(b) Ac lava
(c) Ab lava
(d) Aa lava
(e) None of these
(iv) The following formations are known respectively as Upper, Middle and
Lower Productus Limestone:
(a) Amb, Wargal and Chiddru
(b) Chiddru, Wargal and Amb
(c) Wargal, Amb and Chiddru
(d) Amb, Chiddru and Wargal
(e) None of these
(v) The following mineral shows two sets rhombic cleavage:
(a) Hornblende
(b) Grunerite
(c) Tremolite
(d) Actinolite
(e) All of these
(vi) Physical weathering process in which sheets of rock are fractured and
detached from an outcrop is termed as:
(a) Degeneration
(b) Transpiration
(c) Exfoliation
(d) Deformation
(e) None of these
(vii) Mohorovicic Discontinuity is the boundary between:
(a) Crust and Lithosphere
(b) Sima and Sial
(c) Crust and Mantle

(d) Crust and Asthenosphere

(e) None of these
(viii) Type of foliation associated with very fine grained pelitic rocks
metamorphosed to low grade is known as:
(a) Phyllitic Structure
(b) Gneissic Structure
(c) Schistose Structure
(d) Slaty Cleavage
(e) None of these
(ix) Which of the following statements is true?
(a) Apatite is harder than Fluorite
(b) Quartz is harder than Calcite
(c) Corundum is harder than Quartz
(d) Diamond is harder than all minerals
(e) All of these
(x) Among following which are classed as chronostratigraphic units:
(a) Era, Period, Epoch
(b) Group, Formation, Member
(c) System, Series, Stage
(d) Palaeozoic, Cretaceous, Miocene
(e) None of these
(xi) Which of the following group of rocks is known as basic igneous rocks?
(a) Monzonite, Syenite, Rhyolite
(b) Granite, Diorite, Granodiorite
(c) Trachyte, Andesite, Dacite
(d) Gabbro, Norite, Dolerite
(e) None of these
(xii) Antistress and stress minerals are discussed in the context of:
(a) Metamorphic rocks
(b) Sedimentary rocks
(c) Plutonic rocks
(d) Volcanic rocks
(e) All of these
(xiii) Island Arc is a linear or arcuate chain of volcanic islands at:
(a) Transform Plate Boundary
(b) Convergent Plate Boundary
(c) Mid-Oceanic Ridge
(d) Divergent Plate Boundary
(e) None of these
(xiv) Axial Fold Belt is the dividing feature between two basins.
(a) Indus and Kakar Khurasan

(b) Lower and Upper Indus

(c) Southern and Central Indus
(d) Indus and Balochistan
(e) None of these
(xv) Current ripples are used to indicate:
(a) Velocity of flow
(b) Direction of flow
(c) Line of flow
(d) Gradient of flow
(e) All of these
(xvi) Floating invertebrates are known as:
(a) Benthos
(b) Nektons
(c) Zooplanktons
(d) Phytoplanktons
(e) None of these
(xvii) Zaluch Nala is situated in:
(a) Eastern Salt Range
(b) Western Salt Range
(c) Surghar Range
(d) Central Salt Range
(e) None of these
(xviii) Expression of the septum on the wall surface of Ammonoids is known as:
(a) Growth lines
(b) Suture
(c) Ribs
(d) Umbilicus
(e) None of these
(xix) Blue Schist is comprised of:
(a) Smectite and Quartz
(b) Glaucophane, Lawsonite and Quartz
(c) Epidote and Albite
(d) Marble and Quartzite
(e) None of these
(xx) The hinge line of a doubly plunging syncline is:
(a) Curvilinear
(b) Rectilinear
(c) Horizontal
(d) Vertical
(e) None of these

(i)
Diamond
s are
stronger
than
graphite

because
they
have:
(a) Van
der Waals
bonds

(b)
covalent
bonds
(c) ionic
bonds
(d)

metallic
bonds
(ii)
Bauxite,
the
principal

ore of
aluminu
m is
actually
which
type of

soil:
(a)
pedalfer
(b)
pedocal
(c)

caliche
(d)
laterite
(iii) The
term
groundw

ater
recharge
refers to:
(a) the
supply of
groundwa

ter that
remains
stored in
the
ground
for long

periods of
time
(b) the
infiltratio
n and
addition

of water
into the
groundwa
ter
aquifer
(c)

absorptio
n of
water by
the soil
(d) how
fast the

groundwa
ter is
flowing
(iv)
Which of
the

following
aquifers
are most
at risk to
contamin
ation?

(a) deep,
confined
aquifers
(b)
aquifers
in

igneous
rocks
(c)
shallow,
unconfine
d

aquifers
recharge
d by
rivers
that drain
agricultur

al or
industrial
areas
(d) All of
these

(v)
Doubling
of the
greenhou
se gases
in the

atmosph
ere is
predicted
to cause:
(a)
change in

rainfall
patterns
(b)
increase
in
average

global
temperat
ure of 1.2
*C
(c)
northwar

d
moveme
nt of
optimal
growing
zones

(d) All of
these
(vi)
Platinum
and
chromiu

m
deposits
are
typically
associate
d with:

(a)
pegmatit
es
(b)
hydrother
mal

deposits
(c) black
smokers
(d)
igneous
mafic

layered
intrusions
(vii) With
increasin
g
metamor

phism, a
shale will
go
through
which of
the

following
textural
changes:
(a)
phyllite,
gneiss,

schist,
slate
(b) schist,
slate,
gneiss,
phyllite

(c) slate,
phyllite,
gneiss,
schist
(d) slate,
phyllite,

schist,
gneiss
(viii) Most
petroleu
m is
generate

d from
source
rocks
deposited
:
(a) in oxic

to
dysoxic
(b)
dysoxictosuboxic

(c)
suboxicto-anoxic
(d)
dysoxicto-oxic

environm
ents
(ix) The
main
driving
force

behind
secondar
y
migration
in
absence

of
hydrodyn
amics is:
(a)
buoyancy
(b)

capillarity
(c)
surface
tension
(x)
Mendelee

r
proposed
that,
metallic
carbides
deep

within the
Earth
reacted
at high
temperat
ure with

H2O, to
form
hydrocar
bons:
(a)
methane

(b)
ethane
(c)
acetylene
(d)
benzene

(xi) Good
hydrocar
bon
source
rocks are
usually:

(a)
Coarse
grained
(b) fine
grained
(c)

medium
grained
(xii) Oil
and Gas
Develop
ment

Corporati
on was
establish
ed in:
(a) 1956
(b) 1965

(c) 1961
(d) 1971
(xiii) First
discovery
of oil
Field was

made at
Khaur in
Potwar
Basin in:
(a) 1885
(b) 1951

(c) 1915
(d) 1947
(xiv) The
zone of
leaching
in a soil is

also
called
the:
(a) Ahorizon
(b) B-

horizon
(c) Chorizon
(d) Ohorizon

(xv) To be
an
aquifer, a
rock unit
must
have::

(a) both
permeabi
lity and
porosity
(b)
neither

permeabi
lity nor
porosity
(c)
permeabi
lity, but

not
porosity
(d)
porosity,
but not

permeabi
lity
(xvi)
Which
formation
is most

objective
as
reservoir
rock in
Potowar
region?

(a)
Khewra
sand
stone
(b) Datta
sand

stone
(b) Pab
sand
stone
(d)
Sakesar

Lime
stone
(xvii)
Geologist
s use the
equation

called
Darcys
Law to
calculate:
(a) the
depth to

the water
table
(b) the
discharge
through
an

aquifer
(c) the
water
pressure
in an
aquifer

(d) the
porosity
of an
aquifer
(xviii)
Kalabagh

Dam was
proposed
to built
on:
(a) Swat
River

(b) Kabul
River
(c) Indus
River
(d) Nilam
River

(xix)
Chromite
ore mines
are
located
in:

(a) Axial
folded
Belt
(b)
Sulaiman
Ranges

(c) Trans
Indus
Ranges
(d)
Kharan
Ranges

(e) None
of these
(xx) Most
of the Oil
and Gas
Fields of

Indus
Basin
discovere
d in:
(a)
Punjab

Platform
Area
(b) Thar
Platform
Area
(c)

Sargodha
High
(d) KohatPotwar
Basin

(e) None
of these
(i) Which
of the
following
is a part

of the
definition
of a
mineral?
(a) a
liquid

that may
become
solid
(b) manmade
(c)

definite
chemical
compositi
on
(d)
unorganiz

ed
structure
(e) All of
these
(ii) Which
of the

following
minerals
are
arranged
in order
of

increasin
g
hardness
?
(a) talc,
apatite,

corundu
m,
diamond
(b) topaz,
quartz,
fluorite,

corundu
m
(c) talc,
quartz,
calcite,
diamond

(d)
quartz,
topaz,
diamond,
fluorite
(e)

fluorite,
calcite,
gypsum,
talc
(iii) How
do the

crystal
structure
s of
micas
and
feldspars

differ
from
each
other?
(a)
feldspars

are
framewor
k
silicates,
micas are
double

chain
silicates
(b)
feldspars
are
double

chain
silicates,
micas are
sheet
silicates
(c) micas

and
feldspars
have the
same
crystallin
e

structure
(d)
feldspars
are single
chain
silicates,

micas are
double
chain
silicates
(e) micas
are sheet

silicates,
feldspars
are
framewor
k silicates

(iv)
Sima is
a general
term
used to
refer to:

(a) rocks
of the
ocean
basins
(b) rocks
of the

continent
s
(c) None
of these
(d) all
rocks

that
compose
Earths
crust
(e) rocks
that

compose
the crust
of
terrestrial
planets

(v) Which
of the
following
paramete
rs
influence

s the
viscosity
of
magma?:
(a)
temperat

ure of the
magma
(b)
oxygen
content
of the

magma
(c) depth
of the
magma
beneath
Earths

surface
(d)
quantity
of
minerals
in the

magma
(e) all of
these
(vi) The
Continuo
us Series

of
Bowens
Reaction
Series is
compose
d of

minerals.
(a) with
different
chemical
compositi
ons but

the same
mineral
structure
s
(b) with
different

chemical
compositi
ons and
different
mineral
structure

s
(c) with
similar
chemical
compositi
ons and

different
mineral
structure
s
(d) with
similar

chemical
compositi
ons and
similar
mineral
structure

s
(e) None
of these
(vii)
Plutonic
igneous

rocks
always
have:
(a)
olivine,
calcium

feldspar,
pyroxene
(b)
amphibol
e, sodium
feldspar,

biotite
(c)
quartz,
muscovit
e,
potassiu

m
feldspar
(d)
phaneriti
c texture

(e) None
of these
(viii)
Weatheri
ng
processes

:
(a) only
affect
igneous
rocks
(b) only

affect
sediment
ary rocks
(c) affect
all rocks
at Earths

surface
(d) do not
adversely
affect
rocks
(e)

cannot
be
observed
directly
at Earths
surface.

(ix) Mud
cracks
preserve
d in
sediment
ary rocks:

(a) are
indicative
of arid
environm
ents
character

ized by
occasiona
l rain
(b) occur
only in
rain

forests
(c) occur
whenever
plants
germinat
e in rocks

(d) have
never
been
observed
in nature

(x) Which
of the
following
lists is
arranged
in order

from
lowest to
highest
grade of
metamor
phic

rock?
(a)
gneiss,
slate,
schist,
phyllite

(b)
gneiss,
schist,
phyllite,
slate
(c) slate,

gneiss ,
phyllite,
schist
(d) slate,
phyllite,
schist,

gneiss
(e)
phyllite,
gneiss,
slate,
schist

(xi) The
asthenos
phere is:
(a) that
portion of
Earth

where
rocks
behave
as brittle
solids
(b) that

portion of
Earth
where
rocks
behave
as plastic

solids
(c) that
portion of
Earth
where
rocks

behave
as fluids
(d) that
portion of
Earth
where

rocks can
be found
(e) None
of these
(xii)
Which of

the
following
is
associate
d with
continent

continent
converge
nt plate
boundari
es?

(a)
explosive
volcanis
m
(b)
andesite

volcanis
m
(c) large,
damagin
g
earthqua

kes
(d)
volcanic
mountain
chain

(e) All of
these
(xiii) An
example
of a
converge

nt plate
boundary
is:
(a) the
Ouachita
Mountain

s
(b) the
Appalachi
an
Mountain
s

(c) the
Himalaya
Mountain
s
(d) the
Cascade

Mountain
s
(e) All of
these
(xiv) The
strike of a

layer is:
(a) the
angle at
which
that layer
intercept

sa
horizontal
surface
(b) the
degree to
which the

layer has
compress
ed during
mountain
building
(c) a line

formed
by the
intersecti
on of the
layer with
the

Earths
surface
(xv) An
anticline
is a
structure

in which:
(a) the
oldest
rock
layers are
located

at the top
of the
structure
(b) the
rock
layers dip

away
from the
axis of
the
structure
(c) rock

layers are
down
warped
(d) All of
these

(xvi) The
V-shaped
outcrop
pattern of
a
plunging

syncline
will:
(a) be
tilted
(b) close
in the

direction
of plunge
(c) open
in the
direction
of plunge

(d) not be
observed
(e) point
toward
the axis

(xvii)
Which of
the
following
is not a
feature of

an
anticline?
(a)
youngest
rocks on
the flanks

(b) oldest
rocks
near the
axis
(c) layers
dip

toward
the axis
(d)
upwarpe
d rock
layers

(e) All of
these
(xviii)
Which of
the
following

is not a
principle
used in
relative
dating?
(a) the

Principle
of
Superposi
tion
(b) the
Principle

of
Original
Horizonta
lity
(c) the
Principle

of Faunal
Successio
n
(d) the
Principle
of Cross-

Cutting
Relations
hips
(e) The
Theory of
Evolution

(xix)
What is
the halflife of a
radioactiv
e

element?
(a) the
time
required
for onehalf of a

given
quantity
of the
element
to decay
to its

daughter
element
(b) the
time
required
for all of

the
radioactiv
e
element
to decay
to its

daughter
element
(c) half of
the time
required
for a

given
quantity
of the
element
to decay
to its

daughter
element
(d) the
time
required
for the

radioactiv
e
element
to decay
half of
the time

(e) if you
observe a
radioactiv
e
element,
half the

time it
decays,
half the
time it
doesnt

(xx) The
Principle
of Faunal
Successio
n states
that:

(a) fossils
preserve
d in rock
layers are
less
complex

in older
rocks
(b) the
Theory of
Evolution
is proven

by the
successio
n of
fossils
observed
in rocks

(c) the
fossil
record of
life
proves
that life

has
succeede
d on
Earth
(d) it is
unlikely

that life
could
have
succeede
d on
other

planets
(e) None
of these