Araniador, Glaicyl Dame Ann B.

17, 2016

Date Performed:

Bronzal, Lucile A.
2016

Date Submitted:

March

March 22,

Mameloco, Neri May G.

EXPERIMENT NO. 8
HYDROCARBONS
I. INTRODUCTION
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
A. Investigation of Hydrocarbons
Table 1. The Color, Clarity and Physical States of the Representative Compounds
Representative
Compounds
Cyclohexane
Benzene
Toluene
Acetylene

Color

Clarity

Physical State

Colorless
Colorless
Colorless
White

Clear
Clear
Clear
Cloudy

Liquid
Liquid
Liquid
Gas

Table 2. Solubility Behavior

Reagent Used
Dichloromethan
e

Cyclohexane
Soluble
Cloudy

Water

Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
at the surface
Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
the underlying
surface
and
vanish easily
Insoluble
Clear
Jelly-like

NaOH

Conc. H2SO4

Benzene
Soluble
Cloudy
Colorless
Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
at the surface
Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
the underlying
surface
and
vanish easily
Insoluble
Cloudy
Soap-like

Toluene
Soluble
Clear
Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
at the surface
Insoluble
Clear
Bubbles formed
the underlying
surface
and
vanish easily
Insoluble
Cloudier
compared with
conc.
H2SO4+Benzene

Acetylene
Soluble
Clear
Colorless
Slightly soluble
Clear
Colorless
Slightly Soluble
Clear
Colorless

Slightly Soluble
Clear
Colorless

Given the general rule like dissolves like, it greatly shows in Table 2, that nonpolar
representative compounds like cyclohexane, benzene, toluene and acetylene dissolve in
nonpolar solvent like dichloromethane. These representative compounds are insoluble in polar
solvents like water, NaOH, and conc. H2SO4.
Table 3. Halogenation: Reaction with Bromine
Representative
Compunds

Br2/CH2Cl2

Wrapped
Clear
orange
Yellow Orange
Pale Orange
Cloudy
Close
to
Yellow

Unwrapped
Cyclohexane
Colorless
Cloudy
Benzene
Light Yellow
Toluene
Pale Yellow
Cloudy
Acetylene
Very
Pale
Yellow
Evaporated
Bromine is useful to demonstrate visibly the relative reactivity of compounds containing a
double bond or triple bond in comparison to compounds which have no degree of unsaturation.
When bromine is added to the alkene in this reaction, the red color rapidly disappears, as an
addition reaction occurs across the double bond. Since the product is colorless, the bromine is
rapidly decolorized when added to an alkene.
However, when bromine is added to the alkane, a much slower reaction can occur. It will
undergo a substitution reaction, but it will take minutes, not partial seconds and often requires a
bright light. Alkanes react slowly or not at all with bromine in the dark, but in the presence of
sunlight, substitution is fairly rapid.
Table 4. Oxidation: reaction with Baeyers Reagent
Representative Baeyers Reagent
Compounds
Cyclohexane
Bubbles at the surface
Color remains violet
Benzene
Toluene
In this course of reaction, the test is to be considered as negative since the purple color of
the reagent is not completely destroyed this may be due to impurities in the partial reduction of
permanganate.
This confirms that potassium permanganate does not react with alkanes because they are
saturated. Bubble suspension at the top of the violet layer is perceive in cyclohexane, benzene
and toluene.
Table 5. Reaction with Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate
Representative
Compunds
Cyclohexane

Ammoniacal Silver Nitrate

Insoluble
Bubbles at the surface
The test with ammoniacal silver nitrate can be used to determine whether the carboncarbon triple bond is found in carbon chains end. When ammoniacal silver nitrate is added to
cyclohexane, the solution forms two immiscible layers with bubble suspension at the surface.
Since the reaction with ammoniacal silver nitrate is exclusive to alkynes, the cyclohexane
resulted to a negative test in which there is no reaction.
III. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIO
IV. REFERENCES/ BIBLIOGRAPHY
Wood. (n.d.) Properties of Hydrocarbons. Retrieved March 20, 2016
http://www.pierce.ctc.edu/staff/dwoods/Chem-131/Lab/Chem-131%20Lab-03%20101%20Properties%20of%20Hydrocarbons%20(std).pdf

from

Dr. Pahlavan. (n.d.) Experiment 8. Reactions of Hydrocarbons. Retrieved March 20, 2016
from http://swc2.hccs.edu/pahlavan/2423L8.pdf

Rhodium (Chief Bee). June 12, 2004. Solvent Polarity - Its Causes and Effects. Retrieved
March 25, 2016 from http://chemistry.mdma.ch/hiveboard/newbee/000513061.html
Chem 33.1 Laboratory Manual
Chem 33.1 Course Syllabus

V. ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS
1. What is the function of CCL4 in the bromination reactions? How can it fulfill this role?
2. Explain why terminal alkynes are acidic.
3. Explain the bromination reaction of benzene, toluene, and cyclohexane.
4. Give the reagent and the reaction conditions that would distinguish between the following
compounds. Write the equations for the reactions involved.
a. benzene and ethylbenzene
b. 1-butyne and 2-butyne
c. 2-methypentane and 2-methyl-2-pentene
d. toluene and 1-methylcyclohexene