Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta City

CHAPTER 1
THE PROBLEM
Background of the Study
Libraries are our heritage. They have all the knowledge that
a person has acquired. Libraries innovates the civilization. They
also have to evolve, and look into the future, not only in the
past. Contemporary libraries around the world are now shaping the
way we gain knowledge from them. They offer enjoyment to books in
digital age and giving access to books in every possible form and
format. They are heading into the future, creating for their
patrons a more dynamic and a multi-level environment for learning
and pleasure (Kowalczyk, 2015).
Closing libraries is the behavior of a debased culture.
Libraries are not just a source of books. Most of us feel that
they symbolize something more. And when part of our civilization
is being destroyed we stand up against the barbarians (Pullman,
2011).
A library is many things. It's a place to go, to get in out
of the rain. It's a place to go if you want to sit and think. But
particularly it is a place where books live, and where you can
get in touch with other people, and other thoughts, through
books. If you want to find out about something, the information
is in the reference books - the dictionaries, the encyclopedias,
1
the atlases. If you like to be told a story, the library is the

place to go. Books hold most of the secrets of the world, most of
the thoughts that men and women have had. And when you are
reading a book, you and the author are alone together just the
two of you. A library is a good place to go when you feel
unhappy, for there, in a book; you may find encouragement and
comfort. A library is a good place to go when you feel unhappy
and when you feel bewildered or undecided, for there, in a book;
you may find encouragement and comfort and you may have your
question answered. Books are good company, in sad times and happy
times, for books are people people who have managed to stay
alive by hiding between the covers of a book (White, 1971 and
Cayetano, 2014).
Education
is
the
key
factor
in
the
development
and
advancement of a society. Each individual in a country should be

considered
as
an
asset
because
it
is
due
to
the
overall
contribution of human resources that a nation can progress and

advance. The human need for information is unlimited. People seek
information from different sources and format for undertaking a
variety of jobs and tasks. They use information for decision
making, discovering new phenomena, developing new techniques and
technologies,
and
improving
existing
knowledge
and
theories.
Academic institutions play a key role in society by preparing

future generations to use the acquired knowledge to fulfill their
2
responsibilities
more
effectively.
The
libraries
of
these
institutions serve a variety of users such as students, faculty,

administrators and staff with diverse information needs. Todays
library is powerhouse where information is stored, generated and
transferred to fulfill the users need. Nowadays scenario more
students surf the internet for information than going through the
library
resources,
as
it
is
less
complicated
and
readily
available (Shrestha, 2008).

As e-books and gadgets multiply, the physical book would be
appear to be threatened and also seem to be in danger. By the
looks of things, however, the library is not only here to stay
-it is being continually reinvented. The book mountain library of
Rotterdam is one of the most modern libraries around the world
that represents not only a clever way to organize physical tomes
and
public
circulation
but
also
to
provide
readers
more
comfortable way of learning (Brownell, 2012).

In Rotterdam Neitherlands, the library is designed as an
advert for reading; its visible presence and invitation are very
significant for a community with 10 percent illiteracy. From
underneath the glass dome (Kuppel) the library is visible from
all sides, especially from the next door market square where the
library appears as one big book mountain. From NYdailynews: a
public library enclosed in a glass case with bookshelves lining
every possible wall space has been opened. This gives a whole new
3
meaning to inspired reading spaces. Located in the central market

square of Spijkenisse, the Netherlands, the structure spans 2.3
acres and is topped off by an enormous glass pyramid. Books are
packed onto shelves running over 10,500 feet long. The numerous
platforms winding around the mountain are connected by a network
of
spiraling
stairs
that
allow
extended between two floors.
visitors
to
access
bookracks
At the apex of the mountain is the
reading room, which is flooded by light during the day and offers
sweeping views of the town. The library currently holds 70,000
books, with room for an additional 80,000 (dailynews, 2012).
In the Philippines, the Learning Commons of De La Salle
University (DLSU) opened last December 17, 2012 to the Lasallian
community. It is likened to a Habitable Tree because of its
environmental sensitivity though it is in the midst of the very
congested Taft Avenue. The library building is the first academic
structure in the country that is green and eco-friendly. The
Learning
Commons
boast
of
green
roof,
solar
panels,
pocket
gardens, and open areas. The buildings concept also exemplifies

the important role of DLSU to Philippine education and to natural
resources (Balitang Aklatan, 2013).
Public libraries are the only institutions in the world
whose primary function is to provide the public with free access
to books and other services for both children and adults.
growing
number
(at
least
in
the
4
U.S.
and
other
developed
countries) now also offer free use of computers to access ebooks.
In addition, some of them organize regular storytelling
and other programs that promote reading, appreciation of the arts

and
culture,
etc.
Like
parks
or
many
other
government-run
facilities, entry to public libraries and use of their materials

and
services
residence
are
or
free
to
the
general
nationality. However,
public,
the
current
regardless
of
situation
of
public libraries are under-funded, understaffed, poorly equipped,

or in bad physical condition. Many libraries in the Philippines
are reportedly stopped functioning and continue to exist only by
name (Philippine Daily Inquirer, 2013).
According to the latest available data from the National
Library of the Philippines as cited by Dioso (2010), there are
currently 688 public libraries in the country. There should be
many
more:
the
relevant
Philippine
law
(Republic
Act
7743,
enacted June 17, 1994) mandates the creation and operation of a

public
library
in
every
congressional
municipality throughout the country.
district,
city
and
On this basis there should
be a total of 1,851 libraries in all, one for each of the

countrys
220
municipalities.
congressional
The
fact
districts,
that
the
136
country
cities,
has
and
1,163
1,495
public
libraries less than what the law requires is a big problem that
needs prompt resolution.
Their absence alone affects some 40% of
our entire population, nearly 40 million people.

5
Their continued
absence deprives our children of a resource that could spell the

difference between a lives doomed to failure or one that promises
a brighter future. To children of means, the lack of public
libraries may not present as big a problem as to others:
they
can afford to buy books, newspapers and other reading materials

of
their
own,
themselves
and
but
what
can
therefore
about
the
sustain
other
reading
children,
the
habit
by
countless
millions who are poor or, worse, the poorest of the poor, whose
families struggle daily merely to get some food on the table.
These children obviously cannot afford to buy their own reading
materials.
For them, regular access to such materials can only
come from the public libraries. Diosio insisted that the obvious
solution is to build public libraries where they dont exist,
repair and improvement of the old existing one.
Environment and development are inseparable. In fact, it has
posited
that
environmental
reinforcing
economic
protection
pillars
of
development,
are
the
social
development,
interdependent
sustainable
development
and
and
mutually
(Johannesburg,
2002).
The Urdaneta City Public Library envisions itself to be
Pangasinans prime source of quality information services and be
the
center
for
educational
technology
in
the
community.
To
realize this vision, the library commits itself, in the years to

come to acquire more extensive and well balanced collection, to
6
enhance
research
techniques
through
automated
access
to
sophisticated tools such as CDROM products and online databases.

And the last one is to learn community needs through community
study and design services that are responsive to those needs. The
mission of Urdaneta City Public Library is to commit itself to
support
the
promoting
to
information
the
literacy
community
program
knowledge
in
and
impacting
understanding
and
by
providing access to the sources of information necessary for its

activities, to inspire love for reading and encourage interest in
research, to preserve the heritage the City has gathered through
its
history
and
to
build
collection
of
quality
library
materials that will help the community enrich their lives.

According to Gravela (2015), the main purpose of a library
is to sustain and provide information to people. It should have
adequate books and references, and a wide space for the readers
to become a conducive place for learning. She claims that the
Urdaneta City Public Library is one of the most outstanding
libraries in Pangasinan because of the achievements and awards
that they have garnered the past and the present years such as
the
most
outstanding
childrens
library
services
in
the
Philippines and the most outstanding libraries with services to

persons with disabilities (PWDs).
The Public library of Urdaneta City is subdivided into three
(3)
parts:
electronic
library,
7
childrens
library
and
the
research
center
to
meet
the
growing
needs
of
growing
constituency which the fastidious people of this favored place

may keep pace with the march of progress (Perez, 2013). The books
in
the
library
are
arranged
according
to
general
works,
religious, social science, language, natural science, technology,

arts,
literatures,
biography
and
history,
philosophy
and
psychology.
With the current status of Urdaneta City Public Library, the
researchers observed that the location is not a conducive place
for effective learning. It is located in front of Urdaneta City
Cultural
Center
vehicles
passing
where
by
noise
and
pollution
events
held
is
in
prevalent
the
same
due
to
building.
Originally, the library building is an office before that is why

it is not intended to accommodate a large number of clienteles
and it is not well-designed for effective place for learning. The
interior and exterior design of the existing public library of
Urdaneta City cant encourage the people to go in and to read
books. Interview with the City Librarian, and the City Engineer
verified that the City Government of Urdaneta is planning to
relocate and construct the Public Library to a better location.
However, the City Engineer stated that there is no existing
project proposal for the library (Macario and Gravela, 2015).
Thus, the researchers conducted a study entitled EnergyEfficient and Book Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta City as a
plan proposal for the construction of the old library.
Specifically, the researchers aimed to:
1. Identify the significant features of a new library.
2. Identify all energy-efficient equipment suitable for the
library.
3. Identify
the
total
cost
of
the
construction
of
the
library.
4. Determine the benefits of the project to the clienteles of
the
library,
to
the
environment
and
to
the
economy
upliftment of Urdaneta City as well as in the Philippines.
The Research study is important as it sought to answer the

problems encountered by the clienteles of the library to help
guide
the
researchers
in
designing
the
library
for
the
encouragement of public use of books. It is important to have an

insight about the role of the library in ones life. And also try
to find out the various aspects or the significant features of
the institution that motivate the clienteles in coming to the
library.
Theoretical Framework
Library
has
always
been
described
as
the
heart
of
the
university or of the society. It has been called the brain of the

academic body. Library has become so important that renowned
scholars judge the quality of education by the quality of library
service in the university. But in todays scenario the position
of the library in the academic institution does not seem to be
the
same.
With
information
and
the
development
communication
of
technology,
technologies
in
more
particular
comprehensive
relevant and easily searchable subject directories and search

engine like (e.g. Yahoo and Google) and ubiquity of the web have
resulted
in
generation
of
students
who
now
perceive
the
internet as the most familiar, convenient and expedient source of

information (Shrestha, 2008).
As technology in the world progresses and digital media
begins to take a primary role in the way we receive and disperse
information, libraries are now faced with having to re-evaluate
their place in society and how they serve the public. The Council
of
Library
believe
Resources
that
the
has
library
pointed
is
an
out
that
even
unchangeable
though
many
establishment,
destined to fade into disuse as more people rely on technology

than in reality, the information structure of the future has not
yet taken shape. The Council Library Resources also calls upon
architects who are concerned with the future of the library to
10
work with the structure of the library before one is imposed by

default (Hannah and Harris, 1996).
The library is still largely seen as a repository for books,
giving people the opportunity to research in the building or take
the books home for a period of time. According to Troll (2001) as
cited by Boddy (2006), library is a populist building type which
serves all classes, all ages, and all education levels. Boddy
highlights the library as the continued great equalizer of the
masses. However, as an institution for the masses, use of the
library by the public is declining. Other sources of information
are becoming readily available at the touch of ones fingertips.
It has been cited that a rapidly growing percentage of the use of
electronic library resources occurs outside of the library.
According to Professor Otto (1961) as cited by Koch (2004),
he argued that buildings should not be viewed or designed as
fixed structures into which people can be squeezed into. He
further put forward his viewpoint that buildings should grow
along with us, and be renovated in such fashion. Otto stated that
the
minimal
structural
material
developed
through
extensive
research was also present in the natural environment, and that it

was possible to utilize properties present within organists to
produce aspects of the membrane.
According
to
the
article
posted
by
the
United
States
Environmental Protection Agency (2009), buildings are human-made

11
structures that serve essential purposes for humankind: shelter,

protection
and
convenience.
recognized
beneficial
Unfortunately,
purposes,
these
in
human
spite
of
the
shelters
also
simultaneously pose significant threats to the environment and

health.
Californias Energy Efficiency Standards for buildings was
designed to reduce Californias energy demands by emphasizing
energy efficiency measures. By improving the energy efficiency,
Title 24 ensures that new buildings will require less energy and
will therefore lead to the release of fewer greenhouse gases. One
major way the new building reduces energy consumption is through
the use of natural light and automated lighting controls (Energy
Efficiency, 2015).
The study of Chaszar (2004) as cited by Goldsmith (2011),
entitled The Development of the Diagonally Braced Tube dealing
with
complexity
flexible
attitude
is
required
from
both
engineer and architect. Cited that in order to create a visually

simple, yet complex object such as the thin double curved Heysel
canopy, it was necessary that the engineer would consider the
architectural
of
each
design
step
and
the
architect
the
structural. When the complexity is intended to be perceived as

evident,
aspects
thinking
would
be
of
architecture
dysfunctional.
and
structure
Structural
as
systems
separate
used
to
realize architectural designs can have such significant impact on

12
the
finished
building
appearance
and
spatial
qualities.
Structural systems used to realize architectural designs can have

such significant impact on the finished building appearance and
spatial qualities.
According to Cairney (2011), in the mix of literature and
digital media today, it is imperative that we avoid the folly of
extreme deconstructive postmodernism which is to argue that all
text are equal; to say that a facebook post, a poem, a newspaper
article, a blog, a bumper sticker, and a journal article are all
equal in value. On the other hand, it seems that a facet of this
idea must be used when designing a new library. In order to make
the building and institution relevant, it will be crucial to give
importance to all forms of information, whether they are paper
books, digital journals, e-books, or documentaries. These sources
of information have all become highly relevant in society, and
each person has a preference towards which type they enjoy to use
the most. In order for the library to flourish and in order for
paper copies of books to survive, the books must relinquish the
full spotlight as the main draw of the library and develop a
symbiotic
relationship
with
their
digital
counterparts,
as
opposed to fighting for dominance. For if this remains the case,

in what has been coined the digital age, it is possible that
books would eventually lose the fight.
13
The study by Lisa Christine Ostlund (2012), entitled The

New Modern Library is very similar to the researchers topic. It
focuses on the relationship between a building and its contents,
how this affects the layout and appearance of the building and
changing needs of a typology. The typology used in determining
this relationship is the library. She stated in her study that
buildings have the ability to focus the attention of the public.
Even when things such as books and the internet have different
values
in
todays
society,
well-designed
library
has
the
ability to sustain a balance and give equal importance to all of

its contents. The change from books to digital media in society
has affected the use of the library and its importance in the
public eye. The building must adapt to the new forms of media
taking precedence. A multi-level environment in libraries can
create a sense of balance between old and new media.
According to The US Department of Energy, their vision for
Energy Smart Schools is to form a national partnership to cut
energy bills in schools and reinvest the savings in educating the
nations most valuable resource the children. The plan is to
invest in books not BTUs. They become empowered to research their
school environment and make recommendations for changes. They
begin by focusing on the energy saving and pollution preventing
opportunities.
building
that
is
badly
designed
and
poorly
maintained wastes money. This is because the building components

14
are trying to heat and air-condition the outdoors as well as the

indoors.
In Asia, combining the modernized concept of a structure
with the use of energy-efficiency is a way to promote a peaceful
environment for the occupants and at the same for the investors.
Energy efficiency is the reducing of energy required for a given
level
of
activity-doing
more
with
less.
Energy
efficiency
measures are often cost-alternatives to increasing power supply

and energy availability. It measures optimizing the energy use of
technology, artificial light, and industrial production equipment
and machinery. It helps save energy input while maintaining the
same level of input (ADB, 2015).
The research study of Troll (2001) is similar to one of the
researchers objective that aimed to focus on understanding of
how the library might better serve its public. He insisted that
there were two (2) main problems that had been identified in
hindering increases in library use. One being used the strategy
that is still associated with libraries as being devoted as a
storage space for books, and therefore consisting of cramped,
dimly lit, musty spaces where one must navigate endless stacks of
shelves to find what they were looking for. Strategies in design
to be used will require a flexible floor plan and ample day
lighting among other things, to avoid the dark, cramped library
that is so often dreaded. The other problem that to library use
15
is the restricted budget which the libraries must operate under,

generally
only
institutions
budget,
making
having
educational
it
access
to
and
general
difficult
for
six
the
percent
operating
library
to
of
their
expenditures
continually
purchase the newest and most relevant technologies.

Diane
(2011)
said
that
libraries
shall
take
into
consideration the main clientele of the library, the students.

Libraries are after all not just about books. It should also
consider the welfare and preferences of the students. Surely, it
provides more than enough space for students to remain focused
and undistracted.
The study of Modernization of Library by Lackney (2013) as
cited
by
Bumatay
(2014),
suggested
that
designs,
facilities,
management, safety, personalization, security and privacy should

improve. Many communities recognize that in addition to library
facilities being cost effective, they should be learner-centered
and age appropriate, safe, comfortable, accessible, flexible,
diverse, and equitable.
The researchers conducted the study to make and propose a
new design of Urdaneta City Public Library on which it creates
harmony in the architecture and the user, and restore the library
as
the
cornerstone
of
the
community.
Aside
from
the
design
perspective, significant features of a new library were also

taken into account as it determined the success of the project.
16
The location of Urdaneta City Public Library is not in the right

place because the building is designed for an office only. That
is
why
library
staff
and
the
readers
encountered
poor
environment such as lack of space, poor ventilation, and direct

sunlight from the windows. These problems affect the number of
clienteles of the library; people are more preferred not to go to
library but rather to serve the internet.
The study determined the common problems encountered by the
public library and the readers. The researchers aimed to provide
suitable
solutions
and
propose
project
plan
for
the
construction of the newly designed public library of Urdaneta

City.
Synthesis and Justification
17
The study of Nina Shrestha stated that even though students

are drawn to information sources that allow them to complete
their research in the easiest least painful way the large percent
of students are still motivated to learn about accessing their
present
library
resources.
Her
study
tried
to
point
towards
aspect of the library where it could educate its users by giving

orientation so they can become an accurate searcher and make use
of
the
right
information
at
the
right
time.
The
New
Modern
Library of Lisa Ostlund focuses on the relationship between a

building
and
its
contents,
how
this
affects
the
layout
and
appearance of the building and changing needs of a library.

Ostlund and Cairney emphasized the importance of books and in
order
for
the
library
to
encourage
more
readers,
merging
technology with written literature in the library are effective.

In order for the library to flourish and to survive, it must
develop a symbiotic relationship with digital media as opposed to
fighting for dominance. Myron Goldsmith cited that to create a
visually simple yet complex object, it was necessary that the
engineer would consider the architectural of each design step and
the architect the structural. Furthermore, Bumatay, Troll and
Diane suggested that designs, facilities, management, safety,
personalization,
security
and
privacy
should
improve.
The
US
Department of Energy, Asian Development Bank (ADB) and Library

Energy
recommend
an
energy-efficient
18
building
that
is
more
comfortable than a wasteful building. It needs less fuel for heat

and less electricity for cooling and also pollution prevention by
changing
the
light
bulbs.
It
helps
save
energy
input
while
maintaining the same level of input. Also, through the use of

natural day lighting improves the energy efficiency of a new
building.
Rotterdam-based
architects
MVRDV
studied
all
significant features that can be used for a modern library and

finished the Book Mountain in Spijkenisse, the Netherlands. The
public library enclosed in a glass case with bookshelves lining
every possible wall space has been opened. The numerous platforms
winding
around
the
mountain
are
connected
by
network
of
spiraling stairs that allow visitors to access bookracks. At the

apex of the mountain is the reading room, which is flooded by
light during the day and offers sweeping views of the town. This
gives a whole new meaning that inspired reading spaces.
Thus,
the
researchers
conducted
the
study
to
make
and
propose a new design of Urdaneta City Public Library on which it

creates harmony in the architecture and the user, and restore the
library as the cornerstone of the community. Aside from the
design perspective, significant features of a new library were
also taken in to account as it determined the success of the
proposed project.
Conceptual Framework
19
INPUT
OUTPUT
PROCESS
Architectural
Design
Structural
Design
Energy
Efficient
Concept/Feat
ures
a. Photovoltai
c Array
Panels
b. Solar
Control
Glasses
Review of
Library
Standards and
Inspection,
Brainstorming,
Survey and
Interview
Computation of
loads and
Reviewing
Structural
Specifications
Materials/Featu
re Selection
EnergyEfficient and
Book Mountain
Public Library
Structural
Security and
Safety Library
Optimal
Environment
for Clients
Figure 1.1.Paradigm of the Study
The inputs of the research study were the architectural and

structural
design,
and
energy-efficient
features
that
are
suitable for the library. The library building was designed to be

strong and to be a secured place to dwell into.
The process that the researchers conducted was to review
library
standards
brainstorming
and
and
inspected
performed
an
neighborhood
interview
and
libraries,
survey
to
the
professionals regarding the researchers topic. In order for the

20
structure to be safe the researchers computed all the loadings

that were necessary and reviewed all structural specifications
and provisions given by NSCP to make the library secure and
safer.
Selecting
materials
and
determining
suitable
energy-
efficient features also put into consideration to obtain the

outputs.
After the successful step by step process, the output of the
study is an Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain Public Library of
Urdaneta
City
environment
and
that
a
is
safer
conducive
and
place
secured,
to
all
library.
Statement of the Problem
21
and
an
clienteles
optimal
of
the
With the current status of Urdaneta City Public Library, the

researchers observed that the location is not a conducive place
for effective learning. It is located in front of Urdaneta City
Cultural
Center
where
noise
pollution
is
prevalent
due
to
vehicles passing by and events held in the same building. The

library building cant accommodate large number of clienteles due
to its limited space. Additionally, the architectural design of
the existing public library is not well-designed to encourage
more clienteles to go in and to read books. Thus, the research
study proposed the construction of Urdaneta City Public Library.
Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:
1. What are the significant features of a new library that
might serve the public?
a.
Optimal reading environment in terms of:

i. space or ambiance
ii. proper ventilation
iii. inside illumination
b.
Additional facilities
i. Conference room
ii. Electronic library
iii. Art gallery
2. What
energy-efficient
equipment
library in terms of:

a. Fitness of purpose
22
are
suitable
for
new
b. Safety and reliability

c. Durability
d. Good value for money
3. What are the beneficial effects to the:
a. Clients of the library
b. Environment
c. Economic upliftment of Urdaneta City as well as in
the Philippines
4. How much is the total cost for the construction of the
proposed project in terms of:
a. contractor cost
b. material cost
Assumption
The researchers considered the following assumptions:

1. The City Government of Urdaneta will finance the proposed
project and the maintenance of the library.
2. The
structure
will
be
designed
to
be
stable
and
can
withstand strong earthquakes.

3. The new concept of the library will attract and encourage
more clients to come and spend their time reading books in a
comfortable and stress-free environment.
23
4. It
will
promote
conservation
of
electricity
as
it
uses
energy-efficient equipment.
5. This will be the first Book Mountain Public Library in
Region 1 as well as in the Philippines.
Scope and Delimitations

The scope of the research study was to provide solution
encountered by the public library to regain its use as a main
source of reliable information and to provide a project proposal
for the construction of the Public Library of Urdaneta City with
a new interior and exterior architectural concept and promotes
energy conservation. The researchers limited the study to civil
and
electrical
specifications.
engineering
The
features
researchers
also
such
as
considered
plans
the
study
and
to
architectural features in which it can help the researchers boost

ideas in designing a new library.
CHAPTER 2
DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY
24
This chapter presents the research design, research locale,

respondents, and the data gathering tools and procedures used for
the collection of necessary data and information regarding the
researchers study.
Research Design and Methodology
This research used descriptive type of research and greatly

relied on interviews. The researchers sought the help of the
experts regarding the researchers topic.
the
mixed
collected
premise
approach
using
simultaneously
that
has
been
qualitative
and
will
studied
be
to
The researchers used
and
quantitative
guided
advance
by
data
theoretical
the
scope
of
information. Qualitative data consisted of following a concurrent

transformative strategy involving archival research, interviews,
and
visits
to
various
libraries.
Quantitative
data
involved
scientific data collected through archival research.

The researchers intended to identify significant features of
a new library like the potential use of photovoltaic array panels
to produce electricity from the sun and the use of solar control
glasses that traps ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun but emits
light that illuminates the inside of the building as a source of
natural
day
lighting
that
are
significant
to
lessen
power
consumption and impact in the environment. The researchers also

25
adapted the book mountain concept of Rotterdam as the interior

design
for
the
bookshelves
or
bookracks.
Additionally,
it
included the use of digital media in todays world and blended it

with tangible literature.
Research Locale
The project will be constructed at the Central Business

District (CBD) of Urdaneta City. It is located at Alexander
Street, on which is the main road running directly through the
city. It will be in front of the old Urdaneta City Hall and the
vacant lot beside Magic Mall Urdaneta City as shown in Fig. 2.1.
The written history of the location says that the community was
organized
and
formally
founded
on
January
08,
1858.
It
was
converted into a City from being a municipality by the Republic

Act of the Philippines 8480 on January 10, 1998 and proclaimed it
on March 21, 1998. Urdaneta City is a second class City in the
province of Pangasinan that has 34 barangays with an approximate
land area of 100.3 square kilometers that represents the 1.8
percent of the total land area of Pangasinan.
26
Figure 2.1 Location Map
Respondents of the Study
The respondents of the study were the City Engineer and City
Librarian of Urdaneta City and their staff who are knowledgeable
of
the
current
status
of
Urdaneta
City
Public
Library.
The
researchers also considered the Chief Librarians from various

libraries
around
Urdaneta
City
27
and
professionals
who
are
knowledgeable of the study as respondents to obtain pertinent

data.
Data Gathering Tools
The researchers greatly relied on internet sites as it is

sought
to
be
reliable
and
updated
information
regarding
the
researchers topic. The researchers also read books, journals,

articles, and other research studies that are related to the
topic to gather more accurate information. The researchers also
performed interviews with the experts in the field of engineering
and
architecture.
The
researchers
prepared
interview
guide
questions for the interviews with the professionals.
Data Gathering Procedures
The purpose of this study was to conduct research on how to

remodel the architectural design and to provide a propose plan of
Urdaneta
City
Public
Library
and,
determine
the
problems
encountered and provide solutions. In order to make the research

study successful the researchers undergone actions presented in
the methodology flowchart in Figure 2.2.
Start
28
Diligent search, Investigation,

Collecting of Information
YE
Further Information?
Analysis of Significant
Features
Final Analysis of all

Data
YE
Further Information?
Planning and designing
of the
Estimate the total cost of

the construction
Action Plan
3D Presentation of the
Interior and Exterior
Architectural design
End
Figure 2.2 Methodology Flowchart
29
The first step that was usually conducted in a research

study
is
to
search
diligently,
investigate,
and
conduct
an
interview to seek answers to the stated problems. The researchers

conducted an interview with the city librarian of Urdaneta City
Public Library to know about the current status and conditions of
the library. The researchers had also performed inspection of the
entire surroundings of the library.
After all the data have finalized, planning and designing of
the library put into consideration for further estimation of the
total cost needed for the construction.
The researchers provided an action plan, a three-dimensional
(3D) presentation and a scale model that shows the planning and
design of the library. If the procedure and collected data were
finalized, implementation will be conducted.
30
CHAPTER 3
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This
gathered.
theses,
chapter
The
books,
data
and
presents
was
the
data
retrieved
journals.
The
that
mostly
the
from
researchers
researchers
the
internet,
gathered
data
through interview with the library staff, engineers, architects,

and other professionals who are knowledgeable of the researchers
topic.
The research studys main objective was to present an action
plan for the construction of the old public library of Urdaneta
City with a new interior and exterior architectural design and as
well as with a new design features that might attract the public.
According to Asian Development Bank (ADB), combining the new
concept of a structure with the use of energy-efficiency is a way
to promote a peaceful environment for the occupants and at the
same time for the investors. Energy efficiency is the reducing of
energy required for a given level of activity-doing more with
less.
The old public library of Urdaneta City is designed to be
publicly and globally competitive. The new design of the public
library adapted new forms of media taking precedence and a multilevel environment that can create a sense of balance between old
and new media.
31
Table 3.1 Result of the Administered Interview for Technical

Personnel
STATEMENT
1. How to upgrade and modernized the public
library facilities to be globally competitive.
a. Acquire (modern) or up to date collection
b. Modernized library building
c. Technological advancement
d. Offer a wealth of excellent learning
resources
2. Are the following energy-efficient equipment or
fixtures suitable for a new library?Why?
A. Photovoltaic Array Panels or Solar Power
System to produce power from the sun.
a. Yes because it lowers utility bills and
it is simple and reliable.
b. This facility is suitable for a library
because it offers a lot of advantages
especially with the positive impact to
the environment.
B. Solar Control Glasses that traps UV rays
from
the
sun
but
emits
light
that
illuminates the inside of the building as a
source of natural day lighting.
a. Yes because it plays significant role not
only to reduce incoming heat but also it
help preserve the library collection from
deterioration.
3. What significant features or facilities of a
new public library that may serve the public in
terms of optimal reading environment? Cite
facilities that are needed in the library.
a. Welcoming Spaces
b. lights and temperature control
c. furniture engometric designs
4. What do you think are the beneficial effects of
having an Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain
Public Library of Urdaneta City to the:
A. Library users
a. motivated to read
b. stress free reading environment
B. Environment
a. save energy resources
b. reduce pollution
C. Economy upliftment of Urdaneta City at the
32
INTERVIEWEE
PROFESSION
Bernadine
Gravela,
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Architect
Library Staff
Ben Chan,
Girly Mae Sigot
Grejie
Library Staff
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Girly Mae Sigot
Library Staff
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Bernadine
Gravela
City
Librarian
of Urdaneta
Girly Mae Sigot
Library Staff
at the same time in the Philippines

a. Spuming innovations
b. It will be the first Book Mountain in
Region 1 as well as in the Philippines.
The table 3.1 shows that technical personnel agreed that

Urdaneta City Public Library facilities and equipment should be
modernized and upgraded to be globally competitive. They have
also
agreed
fixtures
are
that
the
suitable
proposed
for
the
energy-efficient
library.
There
equipment
are
lot
and
of
beneficial effects to the library users, to the environment and

to the economy upliftment of Urdaneta City and at the same in the
Philippines.
LIBRARY SECTION
No. of Resources
Childrens Library
Local History, Theses
Electronic Library
PWD Books
Filipiana
Reference
General Collection
Fiction
Braille
Other book collection
3675
1071
272
235
1129
1200
2386
2974
136
344
Total = 13422
Table 3.2 No. of Available Resources in Every Section of the
Public Library (Refer to Appendix P)
Table 3.2 shows the total number of available resources in
every section of the library. From the above data, the proposed
33
Book Mountain Public Library will be divided into three layers

with corresponding sections. The first layer will be composed of
the Childrens Library, General Collection, Fiction and PWD Books
with an approximate number of 9270 printed books. The second
layer will also composed of Local History and Theses, Electronic
Library,
number
Filipiana
of
3672
and
Reference
printed
books.
Section
And
the
with
third
an
approximate
layer
will
be
composed of the Braille, and other book collection of 480.

Management Aspect
Energy-Efficient Equipment Selection
The proposed energy-efficient equipment to be used in the
library is photovoltaic array panels, solar control glasses and
energy star labeled fixtures. The researchers have considered the
following important properties of this equipment.
Photovoltaic array panels or solar power panels have already
proven
worldwide
that
it
is
safe
and
reliable
to
use.
Installations are quite simple. The panels are mounted on the

roof or in the yard and connected to an inverter mounted near the
main panel in the library in which it converts DC to AC. Since
lighting is only the main target of this mini solar power plant,
a typical residential solar electric system can be installed in
about 100 to 500 square feet of roof space. A typical residential
solar electric system is between 1000 and 5000 watts and will
34
produce between 1000 and 6000 kilowatt-hours of electricity per

year. Solar electric systems are designed to last more than 20
years, and most systems will still be producing power in 30-50
years. This panels comes with up to 25-year warranty (Philippine
Power Adventure, 2016).
The proposed material for glass is the solar control glasses
instead
of
using
an
ordinary
glass.
The
researchers
have
considered the following important properties of solar control

glass (Pilkington Philippines, 2016).
1. Reflectance the proportion of solar radiation reflected
back into the atmosphere.
2. Direct transmittance the proportion of solar radiation
transmitted directly through the glass.
3. Absorbance the proportion of solar radiation absorbed
by the glass.
4. Safe and secure it is toughened or laminated form and
can be combined a noise control benefit.
5. Durable and saves energy it can minimize
or
even
eliminating the need of air conditioning system, reducing

running costs of the library.
The used of energy star labeled fixtures can also save much
energy and an effective cost saver. Besides meeting lighting
needs
efficiently,
they
create
sense
of
intimacy
and
add
interest to the library. Energy star labeled lights (CFLs) comes

with the following properties (Ian Todreas, 2016).
35
1. Long life it typically last at least 10,000 hours (as

opposed to most incandescent bulbs, which last about 500
hours)
2. Save energy and money by using 26-watt CFLs in the
Energy
light
Star
bulb.
which
The
equivalent
task
lighting
to
75-watt
uses
only
incandescent
one-third
of
electricity compared to conventional lighting sources.

3. Environmental friendly fixture fewer greenhouse gas
emission released into the atmosphere.
Library
Rules
and
Regulation
(As
adopted
from
the
current
Urdaneta City Public Library Rules and Regulations)

Main Library Rules
1. The use of the Urdaneta City Library is open to everybody.
2. Only bonafide members (resident of Urdaneta who availed a
library card) of Urdaneta City Library can load books and
other materials. No borrower is allowed to use the library
and its resources unless he/she has settled all accounts
due to the library. Lending library card for the purpose of
any library activity is strictly prohibited.
3. A library user may loan a maximum of 3 books at a time.
(Only the donated books can be borrowed)
Fiction may be borrowed for one week and may be renewed
for the same length of time if the book is not in demand.
General Collection books may be borrowed for a maximum of
three days. (Fine for overdue book is P2.00/day)
36
Filipiniana and other reserved books may be borrowed for

overnight use only. (Fine is P2.00/day)
4. The following materials are to be read only inside the
library.
a. General References(Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Multi
volume collection, Atlases, Alamanacs, Yearbooks,
Handbooks, Manuals and Guidebooks).
b. Vertical File (Newspaper clippings and Pamphlets).
c. Current
Periodicals
(Magazines,
Newspaper
and
Journals).
Library materials to be photocopied should be issued out and
properly received.
5. A lost book should be reported at once to the library
personnel. It should be replaced with the same title and
author,
however
if
the
borrower
cannot
find
an
exact
replacement, he/she may pay the current amount of the lost

book and processing fee of P12.00.
6. Books and other materials should
be
handled
properly.
Library user should report damaged books to the Librarian.

Anyone
caught
vandalizing
any
library
material
and
facilities will be posted with corresponding disciplinary

action.
7. Anyone caught bringing out unissued books will be suspended
from using the library for a month.
8. Courtesy must be observed at all times, loitering, talking
aloud, smoking, eating, sleeping and littering are strictly
prohibited.
37
9. Cellphone must be in silent mode while inside the library.

The library is not responsible for any lost valuable items.
Childrens Library Rules

1. The use of the Urdaneta City Library is open to everybody.
2. Only bonafide members of Urdaneta City Library can loan
books and other materials. No borrower is allowed to use the
library and its resources he/she has settled all accounts
due to the library. Lending library card for the purpose of
any library activity is strictly prohibited.
3. Children below 6 years old should be accompanied by their
parents/guardian.
4. Schedule for borrowing of books is from Monday to Wednesday
only. A library user may loan a maximum of 2 books at a
time. Only donated books can be borrowed. Easy books are
good for overnight use only. Fiction may be borrowed for one
week and may be renewed for the same length of time if the
book is not in demand. General Collection books may be
borrowed for a maximum of three days. Fine for overdue boom
is P2.00/day. Filipiniana and other reserved books may be
borrowed for overnight use only.
5. The following materials are to be read only inside the
building.
a. General References(Encyclopedias, Dictionaries, Multi
volume collection, Atlases, Alamanacs, Yearbooks,
Handbooks, Manuals and Guidebooks).
b. Vertical File (Newspaper clippings and Pamphlets)
38
c. Current
6. A
Periodicals
Journals).
lost book should
be
(Magazines,
reported
at
Newspaper
once
to
the
and
library
personnel. It should be replaced with the same title and

author,
however
if
the
borrower
cannot
find
an
exact
replacement, he/she may pay the current amount of the lost

book and processing fee of P12.00.
7. Books and other materials should
be
handled
properly.
Library user should report damaged books to the Librarian.

Anyone
caught
vandalizing
any
library
material
and
facilities will be posted with corresponding disciplinary

action.
8. Anyone caught bringing out unissued books will be suspended
from using the library for a month.
9. Courtesy must be observed at all times, loitering, talking
aloud, smoking, eating, sleeping and littering are strictly
prohibited.
10.
Cellphone
library.
The
must
be
library
in
is
silent
not
mode
while
responsible
for
inside
the
any
lost
valuable items.
Electronic Library Rules
1. The use of the Electronic Library is open to all cardholder
members.
2. Use of the computer is first come first serve basis.
3. Researcher can use the computer for a maximum of 30 minutes;
3 person per computer.
4. Researcher who has little background in using computer may
ask further assistance to the library assistant.
39
5. Priority user is the one who cant locate, print materials

for his/her research in the printed collection.
6. The researcher is not allowed to open other files/programs
without
further
approval
of
the
library
assistant.
The
computer is use only for research, encoding is not allowed.

7. To facilitate downloading of file using diskette, ask the
library assistant.
8. To print, maximum of 3 pages maybe printed for free(text
only), more than the required researcher must save his/her
file to a diskette.
9. In using the internet,
checking
of
E-mail
is
allowed
provided that you will not consume your allotted time solely
for email. Chatting is not allowed except for educational
roundtables or discussion groups. Entering in obscene sites
is also prohibited.
10.
Courtesy must be
littering,
talking
observed
loud,
at
smoking,
all
times,
eating,
are
loitering,
strictly
prohibited. Cellphone must be in silent mode, while inside

the library
11.
Violating any library rules will result to suspension
of library privileges.
VICE - MAYOR
Bernadine M.
Gravela Librarian
40
Gina C.
Mequin
cco
Teresita P.
Daligdig
Library Clerk
Leticia T. Gerona
Library Clerk
Rosalie O.
Santos
Library Clerk
Figure 3.1 Urdaneta City Public Library Organizational Chart
41
42
Socio-economic Aspect
This
portion
presents
brief
discussion
of
the
socio-
economic contribution of the Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain

Public Library of Urdaneta City on the upliftment of the City as
well as in the Philippines. This portion also considers and
deliberates
importance
on
of
how
the
the
researchers
library
and
how
maximize
the
the
librarys
use
and
concept
exemplifies the important role of books to the clienteles with

the help of technology.
Thus, the researchers provided the following consideration
and deliberation:
The Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain Library of Urdaneta
City is optimistic which contributes to the concentration of
every
clienteles
of
the
library.
The
researchers
proposed
project will not only contribute to every clients but it will

also contribute to the economic upliftment of Urdaneta City and
even in the entire Philippines. This proposed project will be the
biggest asset of the city among other cities in the Philippines.
The library also adapted the book mountain concept of Rotterdam,
Neitherlands as the interior design of the bookshelves in which
it is already proven by MVRDV the architect of Rotterdam that it
will attract and encourage more clients to come and spend their
time reading printed books. To make the library more competitive,
the researchers also integrated the use of electronic library as
43
another way of finding books or e-books through the internet.

There are also information desks in every layer of the mountain
to help the clients from searching available books. This kind of
service can give satisfaction to every clients of the library.
The Energy-Efficient and Book Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta
City will be the first ever book mountain that utilizes the use
of energy efficiency in the entire Philippines.
This public library will be engage nearly to support global
program on climate change to protect the environment. To make it
more possible, the library will become a role model in protecting
the environment. The researchers also integrated some energyefficient features of a new library like the potential use of
photovoltaic array panels to produce enough electricity for the
bulbs and the use of solar control glasses that traps ultraviolet
(UV) rays coming from the sun but emits light that illuminates
the inside of the building as source of natural day lighting that
are significant to lessen the power consumption and the impact in
the
environment.
Moreover,
these
features
of
library
can
provide a comfortable and stress-free environment to all the

clients of the library. Thus, the proposed library has a lot of
good impacts and effects not only to the economy of Urdaneta City
but also to the clients and to the environment.
Technical Aspect
44
This portion presents the site development plan, perspective

views, elevations, cross-sectional view, book interior design
concept and finishing views.
Figure 3.4 Site Development Plan
45
Figure 3.4 Perspective View
46
Figure 3.5 Perspective View
47
Figure 3.6 Front Elevation
48
Figure 3.7 Left-Side
49
Figure 3.8 Right-Side Elevation
50
Figure 3.9 Rear Elevation
51
Figure 4.0 Interior Design Concept
52
Figure 4.1 Cross-Sectional View
53
Figure 4.2 Electronic Library
Figure 4.2 shows the finishing of the integrated electronic

library of Urdaneta City Public Library as another way of finding
books or e-books through the internet when printed books are not
available and to make the library more competitive.
54
Figure 4.3 Childrens Library
The Childrens Library of the proposed project as shown in

the figure will meet the needs and give satisfaction to the
children studying in the area. The interior design gives relaxing
views of the bookracks to encourage more children to come and to
read books in the library.
55
Figure 4.4 Study and Reading Areas
The proposed library has wide study and reading areas that
provides better illumination and ambience as opposed from the
current public library. Each layer of the Book Mountain consists
of reading areas so that clienteles of the library will easily
check other books from their respected seats. These stunning
areas will be one of the good requirements to the encouragement
of library users to come and to read books.
Financial Aspect
56
This portion is intended to determine the material cost

estimate,
proposed
the
labor
project
cost
that
and
will
the
serve
equipment
as
needed
conducive
for
the
place
for
effective learning and hopes to achieve its mission to support

the
institutions
instructional,
curricular,
research,
and
extension programs through the organized, relevant, and efficient

delivery of information services.
Recapitulation
Table 3.3 Detailed Estimates and Unit
Appendix N for the Computation)
DESCRIPTION
QTY.
1. EARTHWORKS
A. Earth fill
Derivation
(Refer
to
UNIT COST
TOTAL COST
1447cu.m.
800/cu.m.
P1,157,600
18400 bags
260/bag
4,784,000
1030cu.m.
1341cu.m.
40500 pcs.
1200/cu.m.
1000/cu.m
7/pc.
1,236,000
1,341,000
283,500
2. CONCRETE AND MASONRY

A. Portland Cement 40kg
B. Sand
Fine
Gravel
C. CHB (4in)
3.
SCHEDULE OF DOORS AND WINDOWS

(Using Direct Counting Method)
A. Double
Glass
Type
Swing
Door(2.10 x 1.50)
B. Single Glass Type Swing Door
(2.10 x 1.00)
C. Louvered PVC Type Swing Door
(2.10 x 0.80)
D. Fixed SC Glass Window
(1.0 x 0.80)
E. Sliding
SC
Glass
Window
w/
Analoc Frame (3.50 x 2.20)
F. Fixed SC Glass Window
(2.20 x 0.70)
G. Sliding
SC
Glass
Window
w/
H. Sliding
SC
Glass
Window
w/
I. Sliding
SC
Glass
Window
w/
57
10 sets
6800/set
68,000
4 sets
4800/set
19,200
4 sets
1950/set
7,800
9 sets
4 sets
1200/set
11550/set
10,800
46,200
6 sets
2310/set
13,860
2 sets
8250/set
16,500
8 sets
14850/set
118,800

J. Sliding
SC
Glass
Window
w/
K. Fixed SC Glass Window
(1.25 x 3.50)
L. Fixed SC Glass Window
(1.25 x 5.50)
M. SC Glass Roof
N. Roof Truss (Based on contract)
4. LUMBER/FORMWORKS
A. Marine Plywood (1/4)
B. Lumber (2 x 2)
5. HARDWARE
AND
MISCELLANEOUS
MATERIALS
A. 10mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
B. 12mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
C. 20mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
D. 35mm dia. corrugated steel
bars (6m)
E. #16 GI tie wire
F. Common wire nails
G. Finishing nails
H. Floor Tiles (unglazed tiles)
(60 cm x 60 cm)
6 sets
4050/set
24,300
10 sets
4050/set
40,500
4 sets
6600/set
26,400
6 sets
10153 sq.m.
10500/set
2000/sq.m.
63,000
2,030,000
1,250,000
1100 pcs.
625/pc.
687,500
19710 bd.ft.
100/pc.
1,971,000
600 pcs.
150/pc
90,000
4450 pcs.
330/pc
1,468,500
1360 pcs.
400/pc
544,000
800 pcs.
750/pc
600,000
500
200
200
5400
70/kg
70/kg
70/kg
60/pc
35,000
14,000
14,000
324,000
6. PLUMBING WORKS
A.Water Closet
B.C.R. Lavatory + Faucet
C. Kitchen Lavatory + Faucet
D. P-traps (50mm)
E. Floor Drain, stainless
F. Clean out
G. Elbows
H. Waste Pipes (Lavatory, 50 mm
(2) pipe diameter 10)
I. PVC Solvent Cement
7. ELECTRICAL WORKS
A. Panel Board
B. 15 Ampere Circuit
C. 20 Ampere Circuit
D. 30 Ampere Circuit
E. 40 Ampere Circuit
F. Entrance Cap
G. Special Outlet
H. Electrical Tape
I. 1-Gang Switch
J. 2-Gang Switch
kgs.
kgs.
kgs.
pcs.

12 sets
3500/set
42,000
12 sets
2000/set
24,000
2 sets
4500/set
9,000
2 pcs.
100/pc
200
25pcs.
200/pc
5,000
7 pcs.
200/pc
1,400
41 pcs.
22/pc
902
12 pcs
60/pc
720
75 pcs.
60/pc
4,500
3 pcs.
850/pc
2,550
12 pair
650/pair
7,800
12 pair
650/pair
7,800
12 pair
650/pair
7,800
1 pc
680/pair
680
1 pc.
550/pc
550
92 pcs.
185/pc
17,020
50 rolls
30/roll
1,500
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
Breaker
58
K.
L.
M.
N.
O.
P.
Q.
R.
S.
3-Gang Switch
Star labeled CFL
Receptacle
Junction Box
#12 THHN Wire
#10 THHN Wire
Moldex diameter
Utility Box
Solar Power System
(Residential type)
9 pcs
25 pcs.
27 pcs.
150 pcs.
150 pcs.
150 pcs.
6 rolls
2 rolls
7 rolls
100 pcs.
2 systems
8. PAINTING WORKS
A. Flat wall enamel
B. Paint Thinner
C. Paint brush (4)
D. Roller brush (12)
100
40
60
60
75/pc
110/pc
140/pc
180/pc
40/pc
30/pc
4000/roll
5000/roll
900/roll
30/pc
750,000/system
gal.
490/gal.
gal.
245/gal.
pcs.
60/pc.
pcs.
45/pc.
MATERIAL COST
675
2,750
3,780
27,000
6,000
4,500
24,000
10,000
6,300
3,000
1,500,000
49,000
9,800
3,600
2,700
P20,368,167
MATERIAL COST: 20,368,167

LABOR COST (45% OF MATERIAL COST): P9,165,675.15
TOTAL BUILDING COST: P29,533,842.15
CONTINGENCY COST (10% OF TOTAL BUILDING COST): P2,953,384.22
TOTAL PROJECT COST: P32,487,226.37
EQUIPMENT AND FACILITIES: P3,666,270.06
TOTAL CAPITAL COST: P36,153,496.43
SAY: P40,000,000
NOTE: The 10% contingency cost comprises the planning and design
cost.
Table 3.4 Estimated Monthly Operating Expenses (Refer to Appendix
M for Detailed Computation)
Appliances/Fixtures
1. ACU(0.75HP)
2. Cash Register
3. Desk Fan (20)
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
10
1
8
727
45
175
4
2
6
756.08
2.34
218.4
59
4. Flat Screen TV
LCD 46
5. Vacuum Cleaner
(Standard)
6. Refrigerator
(12 cu.ft)
7. Range(2-burner)
110
5.72
200
3Hrs/week
7.2
185
20
4.81
3300
171.6
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
1
1
20
4
1
1
12
12
12
15
145
500
1.5
1.5
5
3
0.5
4
0.468
0.468
31.2
4.68
1.885
52
Table 3.4 Continued..
Appliances/Fixtures
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Scanner
Printer
Computer
Laptop
Mini Component
Water Dispenser
Hot and Cold
TOTAL
Amount Due (Php10 per KWHr)
1256.851
Php12,568.51
2,000
Php14,568.51
14. Water Bill

TOTAL Operating Cost
Table 3.4 shows the total estimated operating cost of the

library of 14,568.51 pesos monthly for electric and water bill.
According from Panelco III (2016), the standard rate per Kilowatt
Hour (KWHr) is 10 pesos.
Table 3.5 Operating Expenses for Lighting
Type of Bulb
1. CFLs
(26 Watts)
2. Chandelier
Quantity
Watts
HRs/Day
KWHr Used
Monthly
150
1
26
150
10
10
1170
45
1215
TOTAL
Amount Due (Php10 per KWHr)
60
Php12,150
Table 3.5 shows the total estimated operating cost of the

library for lighting purposes is 12,150 pesos monthly. Therefore,
it is the expected amount that the library conserves in a month
by using the solar power system for lighting.
Table 3.6 Maintenance Cost Once every Six Months

Work
Description
No. of
Working
Days/Month
No. of
Workers
1. Paint
Removal
2. Painting
Works
3. Bookracks
Termite
Disinfection
4. Electronic
Library
Maintenance
5. Landscaping
6. Solar Power
System
7. Others
Hrs/
Day
Labor
Cost/d
Material
Cost
Cost
280/d
2,000
4,800
280/d
17,975
26,375
300/d
12,450
14,250
300/d
2,000
3,800
280/d
5,000
9,480
2,000
5,000
TOTAL:
Php65,705
Table 3.6 shows the semi-annual maintenance cost of the

public
library
of
about
Php65,705.
As
stated
by
the
City
Librarian during interview that the public librarys maintenance

will
undergo
once
every
six
months.
Solar
Power
Systems
maintenance cost is Php2,000 (Gendiesel Philippines Inc., 2016)

after 5 years of free maintenance cost from the company. Other
maintenance
cost
is
estimated
to
be
Php5,000
for
book
inspections, furniture inspections and other library maintenance.
61
CHAPTER 4
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
This study is conducted to provide solution to the primary
problems encountered in the current Urdaneta City Public Library.
The
researchers
are
able
to
come
up
with
the
following
conclusions:
1. Welcoming spaces, electronic library and art gallery are
integrated for the proposed public library as suggested
by the respondents especially by the city librarian of
Urdaneta.
2. Solar control glasses and Solar Power System are the best
energy-efficient equipment and fixture that are suitable
for the proposed public library. These are durable, safe
and reliable to use. Solar Power System has been proven
that 25% of the system will last for up to 30 years but
it will continue to produce power for up to 50 years with
proper maintenance of the system. Solar control glasses
are also proven to its durability and reliability for the
62
structure. It is laminated to trap ultraviolet (UV) rays

from the sun but emits light that illuminates the inside
of the building as a source of natural day lighting that
is significant to lessen the power consumption and the
impact in the environment.
3. The proposed public library adopted the Book Mountain
concept
of
Rotterdam
as
an
interior
design
as
an
encouragement and for the convenience of library users.

4. The structure is well-designed by computing all necessary
loads that it carries to make it stable and to be able to
withstand strong earthquakes.
5. The location of the proposed project is at the Central
Business District (CDB) of Urdaneta City near the City
Hall, Universities, and other establishments, so that it
will
be
easily
accessible
by
the
students,
and
other
clienteles of the current library.

6. This research study is feasible to implement because it
will help the environment and the City of Urdaneta to be
known as the first City to construct an Energy-Efficient
and Book Mountain Public Library in the entire Region 1
as well as in the Philippines.
Recommendations
63
The following recommendations are offered by the researchers

for further implementation of the proposed project.
1. For the benefit of library users who are using the public
library, the proposed project should be implemented as soon
as it has been approved by the City Government of Urdaneta.
2. Assessment, survey or interview must be conducted to know
all
the
remarks,
annotations
and
suggestions
of
library
users with regards to the management and facilities.

3. Conduct an analysis for the possible future development or
construction of new section which include other significant
features and sustainable source of the building.
4. Inspection, geotechnical and seismic analysis shall be done
before
the
construction.
Include
needed for actual implementations.

5. The researchers proposes that the
design
City
specifications
Government
of
Urdaneta should finance the proposed project and for its

maintenance.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Books
Max B. Fajardo Jr. 2000. Simplified Construction Estimate,
5138 Merchandising Publisher, Manila; Philippines
64
R.C. Hibbeler 2012. Structural Analysis 8th Edition, Pearson

Prentice Hall, Pearson Education, Inc., Upper Saddle
River; New Jersey 07458
Association of Structural Engineers of the Philippines
(ASEP)
2010.
National
Structural
Code
of
the
th
Philippines (NSCP) 6
Edition Volume 1, Suite 713,
Future Point Plaza Condominium 1, 112 Panay Avenue,
Quezon City; Philippines 1100
DIT Gillesania 2010. Simplified Reinforced Concrete Design
NSCP 2010, DIT Gillesania Engineering Review and
Training Center
Sustainable Energy Regulation and Policy Making for Africa
(2015). Energy Efficiency in Buildings Module 18
Theses
Nina Shrestha 2008. A Study on Students Use of Library

Resources and Self-Efficacy, Central Department of
Library and Information Science Faculties of Humanities
and Social Sciences Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur,
Katmandu, Nepal
Di Tian 2011. Membrane Materials and Membrane Structures in
Architecture, School of Architecture, The University
Of Sheffield
Myron Goldsmith 2010. The Development of the Diagonally

Braced Tube, Taylor and Francis Group, California
Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
Agarwal, O.P. and Barkeshi Mandara (1997). Conservation of

Books, Manuscript and Paper documents, Lucknow: INTACH
ICCI., India
Lisa Christine Ostlund (2012). The New Modern Library,
Department of Architecture and Landscape Architecture
65
of North Dakota; Fargo, North Dakota

Bumatay and Rafanan (2013). The Green Learning Commons,
College of Engineering, Civil Engineering Department,
Panpacific University North Philippines; Philippines
Journals
Harris, M.H., & Hannah, S.A.(1996). The treason of the
Librarians: Core Communication Technologies and
Opportunity Costs in the information Era: Journal of
Academic Librarianship; 122,3
Boddy, T. (2006). Civic Locus: From Galleries to Libraries.
Architectural Review; 219
Cairney, T.H. (2011). The Place of Literature in an
Increasingly Virtual World. Publishing Research
Quarterly
Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (2015).
Lighting in the Library: A Student Energy Audit.
Building Technology, State and Community Programs
Electronic Sources
Troll, A.D. (2001). How and Why are Libraries Changing?
Digital Library Federation. Retrieved from:
http://old:diglib.org/use/whitepaper.html#top
Piotr Kowalczyk (2015). Libraries around the World.
Retrieved from: www.ebookfriendly.com
E.B. White (1971). Good Reads. Retrieved from:
www.goodreads.com/quotes/383616-a-library-is-a-goodplace-to-go-when-you
Philippine Online Chronicles POC (2014). Best Public
Libraries in the Philippines. Retrieved from:
thepoc.net/index.php/metro-manilas-10-best-public
66
libraries/
Dailynews (2012). Book Mountain of Rotterdam. Retrieved
from: www.nydailynews.com/blogs/pagevie
Philippine Daily Inquirer (2013). Public Libraries.
Retrieved from: ladiosolibrary.org?p=318
Energy Efficiency (2015). Californias Energy Efficiency
Standards for Buildings. Retrieved from:
www.scu.edu/newlibrary
Letters of Note (2015). Retrieved from:
(lettersofnote.com/2011/05/library-is-many-thingshtml)
Rotterdam Book Mountain (2013). Retrieved from:
www.WS/2012/10/%E2%80%98book-mountain%E2%80%99libraryopens-in-rotterdam
Balitang Aklatan and De la Salle University (2013).
Learning Commons. Retrived from: www.Dlsu.edu.ph
City Government of Urdaneta (2015). Urdaneta City Public
Library Vision and Mission. Retrieved from:
www.Urdaneta-city.gov.ph
MVRDVS Book Tower to the Sky (2013). Retrieved from:
Architectmagazine.com/technology/mvrdvs-book-tower-tothe-sky_O
Solar Control Glasses (2015). Retrieved from:

https://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/uk/architects/typesof-glass/solar-control-glass
http://www.aguilaautoglass.com/architectural-glass
Solar Power System (2016). Retrieved from:
www.imgur.com/cMJ51x3
www.solarpanelscostguide.com
Material and Equipment Prices (2016). Retrieved from:
www.fdpp.blgs.gov.ph
67
www.pinoyexchange.com
www.easywoodproducts.com
www.magkano.com
www.pinoyhandyman.com
www.steelroundbars.businessyo.com.ph
Gendiesel Philippines Inc. (2015). Solar Energy, Metro
Manila, Philippines Retrieved from:
www.gendieselph.com
Maintenance in a Library (2016). Retrieved from:
https://www.google.com.ph/#q=maintenance+cost+in+librar
y
http://www.slideshare.net/AbhikRathod/types-ofmaintenance 33037550
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3257475/
Panelco III (2016). Billing Services, Retrieved from:
www.panelco3.com/billing-services/
Department of Labor and Employment 2016. Manual on Labor
Standards, Retrieved from:
http://www.bwc.dole.gov.ph/userfiles/file/manual%20on
%20labor%20standards.pdf
APPENDIX A
Floor Plans
68
69
70
APPENDIX B
Roof Plan
71
APPENDIX C
72
APPENDIX D
Schedule of Doors and Windows
73
74
75
76
77
APPENDIX E
Structural Plans and Details
78
79
80
81
82
APPENDIX F
Electrical Layouts
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
APPENDIX G
Schedule of Loads and Computations
91
92
93
94
95
96
APPENDIX H
Electrical Symbols, Notes and Specifications
ALL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS HEREIN SHALL BE DONE IN

ACCORDANCE WITH THE PROVISION OF THE LATEST EDITION OF THE
PHILIPPINE ELECTRICAL CODE WITH THE RULES AND REGULATIONS
97
AND REQUIREMENTS OF THE POWER COMPANY, LAWS, AND

ORDINACES OF ENFORCING AUTHORITIES.
THE TYPE OF POWER SERVICE ENTRANCE TO BE SUPPLIED
SHALL BE 230 VOLTS, 1 PHASE, 2 WIRES.
ALL ELECTRICAL INSTALLATIONS HEREIN SHALL BE SUPERVISED
BY THE DULY LICENSED ELECTRICAL ENGINEER OR REGISTERED
MASTER ELECTRICIAN.
ALL MATERIALS TO BE USED SHALL NEW AND APPROVED TYPE
QUALITY AS TO THEIR LOCATION AND PROPOSED MUST BE COMFORME
TO THE STANDARD SET BY ELECTRICAL CODE.
IN CASE OF DOUBT, CONSULT THE RESISTERED MASTER
ELECTRICIAN ENGINEER FOR PROPER VERIFICATIONS AND DECISIONS.
ELECTRICAL NOTE AND SPECIFICATIONS
98
APPENDIX I
Fire Suppression System Layouts
99
100
101
102
APPENDIX J
Plumbing and Water Line Layout Plans and Details
103
104
105
106
107
APPENDIX K
Summary of Formulas
Computation of Loads
Dead Load = Wt. of Slab + Wt. of Beam + Wt. of Column +
Wt. of Wall + Wt
108
Eqn. 1
Live Load = (2.9KN/ m
)(Tributary Area of Slab)
Eqn. 2
Seismic Analysis
Vt=
CvI
RT
(1.2EQx)(Wt.)
Eqn.
3
Where:
Vt = Base Shear
Cv = Seismic Coefficient
I = Seismic Importance Factor
R = Numerical Coefficient
T = Elastic Fundamental Period of Vibration
H = Total Height of the Structure
Fx = (Vt-Ft)(HW)/HW
Where:
Eqn. 4
Fx = Horizontal Force
Vt = Base shear
Ft = 0 if T is less than 0.7 sec.
HW = Product of Height and Wt. per level
Beam Design
W L2
+ EQx
Mu
16
Where:
Eqn. 5
Mu = Ultimate Factored Moment
W = Weight
L = Span
109
EQx = Earthquake load

'
2
Mu fc wb d (10.59 w)
Where:
Eqn. 6
= strength reduction factor
fc ' = specified compressive stress of

concrete
fc'
w
fy
Eqn.
7
b = width of compression face of member,mm
d = distance from extreme compression fiber
to centroid of tension reinforcement,mm
=
wfy
fc'
Where:
b=
Eqn. 8
=
ratio of tension reinforcement
0.85 fc ' 1 600

fy (600+ fy)
Where:
Eqn. 9
b
= balanced steel ratio
= factor defined in Section 5.10.2
max =0.75 b
Where:
Eqn. 10
max
= Maximum steel ratio
110
min =
1.4
fy
Eqn. 11
Where:
min
= Minimum steel ratio
M2 = Mu M1
'
Eqn. 12
'
M2 = As2 fc ( dd
Where:
Eqn. 13
M2 = Factored Moment for Compression

As2 = Area of steel for compression
d = effective depth
d ' =
concrete covering
As
No. of Bars =
2
(dia )
4
Eqn.
14
Where:
As = Area of Steel
dia. = diameter of rebar
Ast = As1 + As2
Eqn. 15
Column Design
Concentrated load (U) = 1.4(Dead Load) + 1.7(Live Load)
Eqn. 16
111
Pu
(0.85)fc
(0.80) )
Eqn. 17
=strengthreduction ( 0.7 )
Where:
for square tied column
Ag = Area gross (0.02Ast)

Ast = Total Area of Steel
Slab Design
2
Mu = W L /8
Eqn.
18
Mu =
Rub d
Eqn. 19
Where:
L = Span
Ru =Coefficient of Resistance
W = Weight
Mu = Ultimate Factored Moment
req =
0.85 fc'
2 Ru
1 1
Eqn . 20
fy
0.85 fc '
min =
L
fy
0.4+
Eqn.21
20
700
Where:
min = Minimum Slab Thickness
112
L = Span of Slab
Spacing of Temperature Bars (Use the smallest)
a. S2
b. 5 x h
c. 450 mm
Eqn. 22
Eqn. 23
Eqn. 24
Spacing of Lateral Ties for Column

a. 16(dia. Of rebar)
Eqn. 25
b. 48(dia. Of lateral tie)

c. least dimension
Eqn. 26
Eqn. 27
Operating Expenses
KWHr consumption monthly=Quantity x Wattage x HRs/Day x 26d
Amount Due = KWHr x Rate/KWHr
APPENDIX L
Seismic Analysis and Structural
Design Computations
113
Eqn. 28
FOR BEAM DESIGN

LOAD ANALYSIS CONSIDERING THE LINE BOUNDED BY THE BEAM
Dead Load:
Live Load:
Dead Load:
Live Load:
114
115
CONSIDER THE LONGEST SPAN OF BEAM

Given:
d = 400mm
L = 6m
b = 300mm
concrete covering = 40mm
fy= 276 MPa using grade 40

'
fc = 20.7 MPa < 30; 0.85

Effective depth = 360mm
2
Mu = Wu L /16 +
EQ load
Mu = 192.70 KN.m + 374.04 KN.m = 566.74 KN.m

Mu =
fc' wb d 2(10.59 w)
116
6
566.74 x 10
mm
N.mm = 0.9(20.7)(w)(300 2 (360mm)(1-0.59w)
w = 0.369
=
0.369(20.7)/276
0.028
b=
0.85(0.85)(20.7)(600)/276(600+276)
b= 0.037
max= 0.75(0.037) = 0.027
max=
Since;
1.4/276 = 0.00507
b>
' = 0.9 max
but
> max
; doubly reinforced
= 0.9(0.0278) = 0.0243
w = 0.0243(276)/20.7
w = 0.324
2
M1 = 0.9(20.7)(0.324)(300) (360) [1-0.59(0.324)]
M1 = 189.82 KN.m
M2 = Mu M1 = 566.74 189.82 = 376.92 KN.m
376.92
x 106
As2 = 4267.66
N.mm = As2(276)(360-40)
mm2
No. of Compression Bars =
35
4
4267.66
No. of Compression Bars = 4.44 say 5-35mm dia.

117
As1 = 0.02502(300mm)(360mm) = 2702.16
mm
Total Ast = 2702.16 + 4267.66 = 6969.82
mm2
35
4
6969.82
No. of Tension Bars =
No. of Tension Bars = 7.24 say 8-35mm dia.

CONSIDER THE CRITICAL COLUMN
COLUMN D AND E
ROOF SLAB
@ 6 Meter Span
Dead Load
Beam = (23.5 KN/ m
Slab = (23.5 KN/ m
Live Load = (2.9 KN/ m
)(0.1m)(0.3m)(6m) = 4.23 KN
)(0.3m)(6m)(3m) = 126.9 KN
)(3m)(6m) = 52.2 KN
Concentrated Load @ midspan of beam

=1.4(4.23+126.9)+1.7(52.2) = 272.32 KN
Reaction @ support = 136.161 KN
Total Pu @ Roof = 136.161(4) = 544.64 KN
118
SECOND FLOOR
@6 Meter Span
Dead Load
Beam = (23.5 KN/ m
)(0.1m)(0.3m)(6m) = 4.23 KN
3
Slab = (23.5 KN/ m )(0.3m)(6m)(3m) = 126.9 KN
2
Wall = (16.5 KN/ m )(0.15m)(4m)(6m) = 59.4 KN
Assume Dead Load of 2nd Floor

=(23.5KN/ m
)(0.5m)(0.5m)(4m) = 23.5 KN
Total DL = 214.03 KN
3
Live Load = (2.9KN/ m )(3m)(6m)= 52.2 KN
Concentrated Load @ midspan of beam =1.4(214.03KN)+1.7(52.2)

= 272.32 KN
Reaction @ support = 194.191 KN
Total Pu @ Second Floor = 544.64 + 4(194.191) = 1321.40 KN
Given:
Pu = 1321.40 KN
concrete covering = 40mm
fy= 276 MPa using grade 40

fc ' = 20.7 MPa < 30; 0.85
=
0.7 for square tied column
Use 2% of Ag for Ast
Pu =
'
0.80[(0.85) fc (Ag Ast) + fyAst]
119
1321.40 x
10
= (0.70)(0.80)[(0.85)(20.7)(Ag 0.02Ag) +
20.7(0.02Ag)]
Ag = 103,660.87
mm2
Dimension of Column = 321.96 mm say 400mm

Ast = 0.02(103,660.87) = 2073.22
No. of Main Rebars =
mm
20 mm
4
2073.22
No. of Main Rebars = 6.60 say 7-20mm dia.

Lateral ties = 10mm dia.
Spacing :
a. 16(20) = 320mm
b. 48(10) = 480mm
c. 400mm
Note: Use the smallest value:

Therefore, lateral ties spacing is 320mm
The load carried by the critical column is 1337.52 KN

(factored load) to be transferred to footing. The soil
bearing capacity used in the design footing is 108.8 KPa.
The soil above the footing is 15.6 KN/m^3
Effective Bearing Pressure
= 108.8 KPa [15.6KN/m^3)(2)+23.5KN/m^3(0.4)
= 68.2 KPa
120
Required width of Footing

= 1337.52 / 68.2
= 19.62 sq.m.
L = 4.5m x 4.5m
d = 400mm
Required Steel Rebars using 20mm dia.
n = 24 20mm dia. rebars
APPENDIX M
Computation of Monthly Operating Expenses
And Maintenance Costs
Note: Assume 26 operating days in a month (Sundays not included)

The standard rate/KWHr is Php 10.00 (Panelco III, 2016)
Formula: Quantity x Wattage x HRs/Day x 26 = KWHr Consumption
Amount Due = KWHr x Rate/KWHr
Appliances/Fixtures
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
ACU (0.75HP) = 10 x 727 x 4 x 26 = 756.08 KWHr

Cash Register = 1 x 45 x 2 x 26 = 2.34 KWHr
Desk Fan (20) = 8 x 175 x 6 x 26 = 218.4 KWHr
Flat Screen TV (LCD 46) = 1 x 110 x 2 x 26 = 5.72 KWHr
Vacuum Cleaner (Standard) = 1 x 200 x 3Hrs/W x 4 = 7.2 KWHr
Refrigerator(12 cu.ft) = 1 x 185 x 20 x 4.81 x 26=4.81 KWHr
Range (2-burner) = 1 x 3300 x 2 x 26 = 171.6 KWHr
Scanner = 1 x 12 x 1.5 x 26 = 0.468 KWHr
Printer = 1 x 12 x 1.5 x 26 = 0.468 KWHr
121
10. Computer = 20 x 12 x 5 x 26 = 31.2 KWHr

11. Laptop = 4 x 15 x 3 x 26 = 4.68 KWHr
12. Mini Component = 1 x 145 x 0.5 x 26 = 1.885 KWHr
13. Water Dispenser (Hot&Cold) = 1 x 500 x 4 x 26
= 52 KWHr
Total = 1256.851 KWHrs

Amount Due = 1256.851 x Php 10 = Php 12,568.51
Computation of Maintenance Cost in the Library
Painting
Painting Removal = 1000 square meters x 2/gal = 2,000
(Factors from Fajardo, 2000)
Painting Works
Flat wall enamel = 1000 square meters/40/gal x 490 =12,250
Paint Thinner = 50 gal x 40% = 20 gal x 245 = 4900
Paint brush (4) = 10 x 60 = 600
Roller brush (12) = 5 x 45 = 225
Bookracks Termite Disinfection
Insecticide = 8 gal x 1250 = 10,000
Others = 2450
Maintenance of Electronic Library depends on contracts
Landscaping (budget)
Plants = 3,000; Others = 2,000
Solar Power System Maintenance
Note: According to Gendiesel Philippines Inc. 2016, general
122
maintenance of the system should be at least once every

six months to make it sure if the system works properly.
The company will provide 5 years of free maintenance cost
and a 30 years of full warranty. After 5 years, the library
should pay the required cost of Php2,000 for general
inspections
APPENDIX N
Construction Materials Estimate
Earthworks
Total Vol. of excavation for footings= 3x4.5x4.5

= 40.5 cu.m. x 62pcs= 2511 cu.m.
Backfill
Elevated for about 0.8m; S.A.=35m x 38m= 1330 sq.m.
Vol. of earth fill= 0.8x1330= 1064 cu.m.
Net Earth Fill= 2511cu.m. 1064 cu.m.= 1447 cu.m.
Concrete and Masonry
Concrete Proportion Factors (Class A)

Cement in Bag (40kg)= 9.0; Sand= 0.50; Gravel= 1.0
@FOOTING
L x W= 4.5m x 4.5m; d= 400mm; No. of footings = 62
V= (4.5)(4.5)(0.4)=8.1 cu.m. x 62 pcs.
V= 502.2 cu.m.
@COLUMN
L= 11.5m (from above to footing)
123
L x W= 0.4m x 0.4m; No. of columns= 62

V= 11.5m(0.4m x 0.4m)= 1.84 cu.m. x 62 pcs.
V= 114.08 cu.m.
@BEAM
b x W= 0.3m x 0.4m; L= 585 m; No. of Floors= 3
V= (0.3m x 0.4m)(585m)= 70.2 cu.m. x 3= 210.6 cu.m.

@SLAB
Roof S.A. = 853 sq.m.; thickness= 300mm
V= 0.3m x 853 sq.m. = 255.9 cu.m.
2nd Floor S.A.= 858 sq.m.; thickness= 200mm
V= 0.2m x 858 sq.m. = 171.6 cu.m.
1st Floor S.A.= 858 sq.m.; thickness= 100mm
V= 858 sq.m. x 0.1m= 85.8 cu.m.
Total Vol. of Slab= 513.3 cu.m.
Total Vol. of Concrete= Footing+Column+Beam+Slab
Total Vol. of Concrete= 1340.18 cu.m.
No. of Cement bags(40kg)= 1340.18(9.0)= 12061.62 say 12,062 bags
Vol. of Sand= 1340.18(0.50)= 670.09 cu.m.
Vol. of Gravel= 1340.18(1.0)= 1340.18 cu.m.
124
CHB Factors (15x20x40)

Using Class A
No. per Sq.m.= 12.5 ; Bags of cement(40kg)= 1.526; Sand= 0.0844
@3rd Floor
L=77m; H=3m; A= 77m x 3m= 231 sq.m.
@2nd Floor
L=216 m; H=4m; A=216m x 4m= 864 sq.m.

@1st Floor
L=476m; H=4.5m; A=476m x 4.5m= 2142 sq.m.
Total= 3237 sq.m.
No. of CHB= 3237 x 12.5= 40,462.5 say 40,500 pcs.
Bags of Cement= 3237 x 1.526= 4,939.66 say 4,940 bags
Sand= 3237 x 0.0844= 273.20 cu.m.
Plastering (Using 8mm thickness)
Factors: Cement= 0.144; Sand= 0.008
A= 2 x 3237sq.m.= 6474sq.m. (Two sides)
Bags of Cement= 6474 x 0.144= 932.26 say 930 bags
Sand= 6474 x 0.008= 51.79 say 50 cu.m.
Floor Tiles (Using unglazed tiles 60cm x 60cm)
Area of Flooring= (35m x 38m)+(15m x 35m)+(18m x 6m)= 1963 sq.m
No. of Tiles= 1963/(0.6x0.6)= 5377.78 say 5,400 pcs.
Class B Factors: cement= 0.225; sand= 0.018; brass divider= 3.4
125
Bags of Cement= 1963 x 0.225= 441.68 sa 440 bags

Sand= 1963 sq.m. x 0.018= 35.33 cu.m.
Brass divider = 1963 x 3.4= 6674.2 m
Total Bags of Cement(40kg) = 18,400 bags
Sand= 1028.62 say 1030 cu.m. (Fine)
= 1340.18 say 1341 cu.m. (Gravel)
Lumber and Formworks
Factors:
Marine Plywood (1/4) = 0.347
No. of Plywood= (38m x 35m)(0.347)= 461.51 say 460 pcs.
Formworks for Column (400mx400mm)
P=2(a+b)+0.20
P=2(0.4+0.4)+0.20= 1.8 x 8.5= 15.3sq.m. x 62 col.
A= 948.6 sq.m.
No. of Plywood= 948.6 x 0.347= 329.16 say 330 pcs.
Formworks for Beam (400mm x 300mm)
P=2(b+d)+0.10
P=2(0.3+0.4)+0.10= 877.5m x 585m
A= 877.5 sq.m.
No. of Plywoods= 877.5 x 0.347= 304.49 say 305 pcs.
Total No. of Marine Plywood = 1095 say 1100 pcs.
Scaffolding and Staging (Using 2 x 2 lumber)
126
No. of Col. = 62 pcs.

H= 8.5m
Factors: Vert. Support=4.70; Hor. Support= 21.00; Brace= 11.70
Total Height= 8.5 x 62= 527 m
Vertical support= 527 x 4.70= 2476.9 board foot
Horizontal support= 527 x 21.00= 11067 board foot

Brace support= 6165.9 board foot
Total Lumber in board foot= 19,710 board foot
Note:
Scaffoldings
and
Staging
that
have
been
used
for
the
columns are also to be used for the beams and slabs.
Painting Works
Note: From the previous data, the total square area of wall side
by side is 6,474 square meters but assume it to be 4,000 square
meters.
Flat wall enamel= 4000sq.m./40 sq.m./gal.
Flat wall enamel= 100 gal.
Paint thinner= 100 gal x 40% = 40 gals.
Paint brush (4) = 60 pcs.
Roller brush (12) = 60 pcs.
Glass Roofing
(Using Triangle Area Method)

127
L= 26.50m
W= 26.50m
Total Area of Glass Roof = 10,152.68 say 10,253 square meters
APPENDIX O
PANPACIFIC UNIVERSITY NORTH PHILIPPINES
Urdaneta City, Pangasinan
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
INTERVIEW GUIDE QUESTIONS FOR TECHNICAL PERSONNEL
Name :_________________________________________________
Profession:_________________
Gender
: _Male _Female
:_________________
Date
1. How to upgrade and modernized the Public Library facilities to be globally

competitive?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. Are the following energy-efficient equipment or fixtures suitable for a new
library? Why?
A. Photovoltaic Array Panels or Solar Power System to produce power from
the sun.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
B. Solar Control Glasses that traps ultraviolet (UV) rays from the sun but
emits light that illuminates the inside of the building as a source of natural
day lighting.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What significant features or facilities of a new public library that may serve
the public in terms of optimal reading environment? Please cite facilities that
are needed in a library.
128
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. What do you think are the benefits of having an Energy-Efficient and Book
Mountain Public Library of Urdaneta City to the:
A. Library users
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
B. Environment
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
C. Economy upliftment of Urdaneta City at the same time in the Philippines
_______________________________________________________________________
APPENDIX P
Urdaneta City Public Library Data
No. of Visitors
2013 37,044
2014 21,567
2015 27,427
Statistics on the Use of Library Resources

2013 128,304
2014 170,371
2015 155,877
No. of Resources Available in Every Section

Childrens Library 3,675
Local History/Theses 1,071
Electronic Library 272
129
PWD (Persons with Disabilities) Books 235

Filipiniana 1,129
References 1,200
General Collection 2,386
Fiction 2,974
Book Collection 344
Braille 136
APPENDIX Q
Interview Letters
130
131
132
133
134
135
APPENDIX R
Recommendation Letter from the City Librarians Office
136
Jayrold N. Lozano was born on the

24th day of December 1992 on a Christian
Season in Urdaneta City, Pangasinan.
This baby boy came out from the woman
who named Marivic Natnat Lozano and her
husband Catalino C. Lozano Jr.
He belongs to a simple family. His fathers occupation
is a farmer and a driver and her mothers occupation is a
housekeeper and an owner of a sari sari store.
He has 3 siblings compose of 2 brothers and a sister.
His brothers names are Jumar and Jeffrey who are both
seamans and his sister Marjorie who is a graduating student
of physical therapy.
Jayrold finished his primary education in the year 2005
at Nancalobasaan Elementary School, and secondary education
in the year 2009 at International Colleges for Excellence.
Currently, he is studying college at Panpacific University
137
North Philippines, with a degree of Bachelor of Science in

Civil Engineering.
___________________
Jayrold N. Lozano
Darwin R. Palado was born on the

9th day of December in the year 1994
and raised by his beloved parents in
Ariston West, Asingan, Pangasinan.
He is the second child and the oldest
among his brothers.
Since
his
childhood
in
Asingan,
he
spent
years
to
finish his elementary education at Ariston-Bantog Elementary

School in the year 2007. He attended Ariston-Bantog National
High School and graduated as one of the outstanding students
of batch 2011-2012. He has made it a point to strive for his
goals, which were nothing less than his grandest dreams. One
of his dreams is to become a registered civil engineer in
order to help raise his parents from poverty. Another one is
to explore the world with his family.
As
for
imagination
now,
become
he
is
his
taking
reality.
138
strides
Darwins
in
making
specialty
his
is
solving
enter
mathematical
Panpacific
problems
University
that
gave
North
him
interest
Philippines
to
seeking
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering.

While at PUNP, he continuously establishes himself as a
self-starter and a leader in the class. Currently, he is
serving as the Governor of Philippine Institute of Civil
Engineers-PUNP Student Chapter 2015-2016 and at the same
time the Vice-Governor in the College of Engineering.
In his spare hours, he enjoys spending time with his
family and hanging out with friends. Also, he loves reading
books
that
might
give
him
additional
knowledge
and
motivation to pursue his goals in life.

As part of being a Christian, he always believes that
With God All Things are Possible.
________________
Darwin R. Palado
139
Nikki E. Remoblas was born on the

27th day of November in the year 1988
and raised by his beloved parents in
PMa. Sison St. Extension,Urdaneta City,
Pangasinan. He is the fourth child and
the youngest among his siblings.
Since his childhood in Urdaneta, he spent years to
finish his elementary education at Immaculate Heart Learning
Center. He attended Panpacific University North Philippines
during his high school education and graduated 2003-2005.
As for now he is studying at Panpacific University
North Philippines taking-up BS Civil Engineering and now he
is currently a fourth year student. Nikkis specialty is
analyzing
critical
figures,
AutoCAD,
and
structural
designing. He is good at sketching that he acquired way back

during his childhood. At his spare time he spends his time
with his family and friends. He likes going to places or
trips with his friends.
140
With his past experiences, he had made a belief that

whatever what one may encounter in his life he/she must
strive to go forward and never give-up.
_________________
Nikki E. Remoblas
Ricardo De leon Selga Jr. was born
on the 23rd day of December 1994 on a
Christmas season in Poblacion West,
Rosario, La Union. This boy came out
from the woman who named Vilma De Leon
Selga and her husband Mr. Ricardo O. Selga
Sr.
He belongs to a simple family. His fathers occupation
is a carpenter and her mother is a housekeeper and sometimes
a vegetable vendor. His parents got marriage at a young age,
they dont even finish their studies, and thats why his
aunty
Cresencia
V.
Florendo,
his
fathers
cousin
provide
their needs to take up college.

Ricardo Jr. has eight brothers and he dont have a
sister. His brothers names was Rojohn, Rommel, Roderick,
Roland, Rolly, Reynner, Rogie and the youngest is Ronald.
Ricardo Jr. finished his primary education in the year
2008, and graduated his secondary education in the year 2012
at Rosario Integrated School in Rosario La Union. Currently,
141
he
is
studying
college
at
Panpacific
University
North
Philippines taking up a degree of Bachelor of Science in

Civil Engineering.
___________________________
Ricardo De leon Selga Jr.
Once You Learn to Read

You will be Forever Free
142

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CHAPTER 1

the atlases. If you like to be told a story, the library is the

advancement of a society. Each individual in a country should be

contribution of human resources that a nation can progress and

Academic institutions play a key role in society by preparing

institutions serve a variety of users such as students, faculty,

available (Shrestha, 2008).

comfortable way of learning (Brownell, 2012).

meaning to inspired reading spaces. Located in the central market

extended between two floors.

At the apex of the mountain is the

gardens, and open areas. The buildings concept also exemplifies

countries) now also offer free use of computers to access ebooks.

In addition, some of them organize regular storytelling

and other programs that promote reading, appreciation of the arts

facilities, entry to public libraries and use of their materials

public libraries are under-funded, understaffed, poorly equipped,

enacted June 17, 1994) mandates the creation and operation of a

municipality throughout the country.

On this basis there should

be a total of 1,851 libraries in all, one for each of the

Their absence alone affects some 40% of

our entire population, nearly 40 million people.

absence deprives our children of a resource that could spell the

can afford to buy books, newspapers and other reading materials

For them, regular access to such materials can only

realize this vision, the library commits itself, in the years to

sophisticated tools such as CDROM products and online databases.

providing access to the sources of information necessary for its

materials that will help the community enrich their lives.

Philippines and the most outstanding libraries with services to

constituency which the fastidious people of this favored place

religious, social science, language, natural science, technology,

Originally, the library building is an office before that is why

upliftment of Urdaneta City as well as in the Philippines.

The Research study is important as it sought to answer the

encouragement of public use of books. It is important to have an

university or of the society. It has been called the brain of the

relevant and easily searchable subject directories and search

internet as the most familiar, convenient and expedient source of

destined to fade into disuse as more people rely on technology

work with the structure of the library before one is imposed by

research was also present in the natural environment, and that it

Environmental Protection Agency (2009), buildings are human-made

structures that serve essential purposes for humankind: shelter,

simultaneously pose significant threats to the environment and

engineer and architect. Cited that in order to create a visually

structural. When the complexity is intended to be perceived as

realize architectural designs can have such significant impact on

Structural systems used to realize architectural designs can have

opposed to fighting for dominance. For if this remains the case,

The study by Lisa Christine Ostlund (2012), entitled The

ability to sustain a balance and give equal importance to all of

maintained wastes money. This is because the building components

are trying to heat and air-condition the outdoors as well as the

measures are often cost-alternatives to increasing power supply

is the restricted budget which the libraries must operate under,

purchase the newest and most relevant technologies.

consideration the main clientele of the library, the students.

management, safety, personalization, security and privacy should

perspective, significant features of a new library were also

The location of Urdaneta City Public Library is not in the right

environment such as lack of space, poor ventilation, and direct

construction of the newly designed public library of Urdaneta